[Mechanism of hepatocyte mitochondrial NDUFA13 deficiency-induced liver fibrogenesis: the role of abnormal hepatic stellate cell activation]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial NDUFA13 loss in the liver fibrogenesis in mice and explore the possible mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE

We used liver-specific NDUFA13 heterozygous knockout mouse models (NDUFA13^fl/-; Alb-Cre) established previously by intercrossing NDUFA13^fl/fl and Alb-Cre mice, with their littermate control NDUFA13^fl/fl mice as the control (n=8). The mice were euthanized at the age of 4 weeks and 2 years, and the liver tissues were collected for HE and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes and fibrosis phenotypes. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of NDUFA13 protein in the liver tissues, and the infiltration of F4/80⁺ macrophages and the expressions of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. The expression levels of α-SMA, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases 1 (TIMP-1), collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ were assayed by immunohistochemistry.

OBJECTIVE

HE and Masson staining showed obvious inflammatory infiltration but no significant fibrosis in the liver tissues of 4-week-old NDUFA13^fl/- mice, but severe liver damage with massive fibrosis was observed in 2-year-old NDUFA13^fl/- mice. NDUFA13 expression in 2-year-old NDUFA13^fl/- mice markedly decreased compared with that in the control NDUFA13^fl/fl mice as shown by Western blotting (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed obvious infiltration of F4/80⁺ macrophages in the liver tissue with a large amount of TGF-β1 production (P < 0.05) and TNF-α and IL-1β secretions in NDUFA13^fl/- mice (P < 0.05). NDUFA13 knockout obviously promoted α-SMA expression (P < 0.05) and collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅲ deposition (P < 0.05) while significantly decreased MMP-9 and increased TIMP-1 expression in the liver (P < 0.05).

OBJECTIVE

Hepatocytes-specific NDUFA13 deficiency can trigger spontaneous and chronic liver fibrosis phenotypes in mice probably in association with abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by macrophages and inflammatory factors.

Analysis of recently duplicated TYRP1 genes and their effect on the formation of black patches in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color)

Tyrp1 gene, as a member of the tyrosinase family, has undergone a recent duplication event during fourth-round whole genome duplication in common carp. In this research, three Tyrp1 genes were identified in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). The similar expression patterns and close phylogenetic relationship indicated that Tyrp1c is homologous to Tyrp1b and possibly originated from the ancient Tyrp1b. The rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution (K_a /K_s ) in Tyrp1 across teleost phylogeny indicated that Tyrp1a is more likely to be in the process of purifying selection. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the Tyrp1 genes in zebrafish and the WB (black patches on white skin) strain of Oujiang-color common carp. The Tyrp1 loss of function variants in zebrafish and WB carp showed severe melanin deficiency in the skin. Meanwhile, inactivation of a single Tyrp1 gene did not obstruct melanin synthesis, which proved that the functional redundancy of Tyrp1 genes existed in both zebrafish and Oujiang-color common carp. Among the mosaic individuals with Tyrp1 genes in disrupted-color common carp, various mutations in Tyrp1b gene induced gray or brown phenotypes, suggesting that it may be bifunctional in Oujiang-color common carp. In addition, the phenotype of WB variants was different from that of WW (whole white skin), suggesting that Tyrp1 genes were not the key factor that caused the difference between WB and WW.

Heterotrimeric G protein signalling in plant biotic and abiotic stress response

Heterotrimeric G proteins act as molecular switches to participate in transmitting various stimuli signals from outside of cells. G proteins have three subunits, Gα, Gβ and Gγ, which function mutually to modulate many biological processes in plants, including plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. In plants, the number of Gγ subunits is larger than that of the α and β subunits. Based on recent breakthroughs in studies of plant G protein signal perception, transduction and downstream effectors, this review summarizes and analyses the connections between different subunits and the interactions of G proteins with other signalling pathways, especially in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. Based on current progress and unresolved questions in the field, we also suggest future research directions on G proteins in plants.

Factors associated with erectile dysfunction diagnosis in men with HIV infection: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES

HIV infection is associated with increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, factors associated with ED remain unclear. We evaluated the prevalence of ED among men living with HIV and factors associated with ED diagnosis in the US Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS).

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study evaluated participants in the NHS, a cohort of HIV-positive active duty members and beneficiaries with HIV infection. Men with a diagnosis of ED after HIV diagnosis were included. Cohort controls without ED diagnosis were matched 2:1 by age at HIV diagnosis and duration of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with ED.

RESULTS

A total of 543 of 5682 male participants (9.6% prevalence) had a diagnosis of ED, of whom 488 were included in the analysis. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age at ED diagnosis was 43 (37.0-49.0) years and the time from HIV diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy (ART) start was longer for cases (5.0 years, IQR: 2.0-9.0) than for controls (3.0 years, 1.0-6.0; P < 0.01). Cases had higher proportions of multiple comorbid conditions, including depression (33.4% vs. 21.7%), tobacco use (19.7% vs. 9.0%) and sleep apnoea (14.8% vs. 4.2%) compared with controls (P < 0.01 for all). Logistic regression showed increased odds of ED for delayed ART initiation > 4 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56-2.71], protease inhibitor use ≥ 1 year (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.38-2.38) and sleep apnoea (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.68-4.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Erectile dysfunction was common in men with HIV and associated factors included both HIV-related and traditional factors.

Test of Lepton-Flavor Universality in B→K^{*}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays at Belle

We present a measurement of R_{K^{*}}, the branching fraction ratio B(B→K^{*}μ^{+}μ^{-})/B(B→K^{*}e^{+}e^{-}), for both charged and neutral B mesons. The ratio for the charged case R_{K^{*+}} is the first measurement ever performed. In addition, we report absolute branching fractions for the individual modes in bins of the squared dilepton invariant mass q^{2}. The analysis is based on a data sample of 711  fb^{-1}, containing 772×10^{6}  BB[over ¯] events, recorded at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The obtained results are consistent with standard model expectations.

[Application and value of excimer laser ablation in the treatment of lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans]

Objective: To evaluate the results of excimer laser ablation (ELA) in the treatment of lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans (ASO). Methods: From June 2019 to March 2020, patients who underwent ELA combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) for lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans (ASO) were enrolled. Demographics, lesion characteristics, procedure-related outcomes and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled, including 21 males and 9 females. The mean age was (76.5±10.5) years. The mean lesion length was (11.7±6.4) cm. A total of 41 lesions, including in-stent restenosis (ISR) in 12 (29.3%), chronic totally occlusion (CTO) at initial treatment in 24 (58.5%), and severe stenosis in 5 (12.2%) patients. Sixteen (51.6%) patients were classified as Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) category 4. The technical success rate was 93.5%. Incidence of distal embolization and bailout stenting was 12.9% and 6.5%, respectively. The mean follow-up time was (6.6±3.0) months. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was significantly increased from 0.43(0.32,0.55) preoperatively to 0.91(0.87,1.01) postoperatively (Z=-5.43, P<0.01) and 0.82(0.73,1.02) (Z=-3.99, P<0.01) three months after surgery. The 3-month major-amputation free survival rate was 96.7%, primary patency rate was 100%, the target lesion reintervention (TLR) rate was 0 and ulcer healing rate was 76.9%. Conclusion: Debulking of ELA is feasible and effective for both ISR and CTO at initial treatment, providing a new option for DCB preparation and reducing stent implantation.

[The safety of atropine for myopia prevention and control]

Atropine is a classical drug with a wide use in clinical practice. In ophthalmology, atropine can be used for cycloplegia before optometry, and the treatment of amblyopia, iridocyclitis, malignant glaucoma, etc. In recent years, the "old drugs with new application " research and application of atropine for myopia prevention and control has become a hotspot and the efficacy of atropine has been preliminarily recognized. However, before the widely used in clinical, the safety of atropine draws attention. Researches concerning side effects of atropine were searched. The most common problem is photophobia due to dilated pupils, followed by poor near visual acuity, allergy and inflammation, local irritation. Other side effects include withdraw rebound, dry eyes, elevation of intraocular pressure, system reactions, photic damage and toxicity. Among them, some side effects are theoretical yet, and the long-term effects of some side reactions are not clear. Further research and exploration is needed to serve clinical evidence. At present, investigational usage for myopia prevention and control in clinical trials of atropine can be beneficial. Safety observation and efficacy evaluation are equally important in the course of application. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 299-304).

[Forcasting the prevalence of myopia among students aged 6-18 years in China from 2021 to 2030]

Objective: To predict the prevalence of myopia among Chinese students aged 6-18 years under different intervention scenarios from 2021 to 2030. Methods: The multi-state Markov model was developed based on the transition process of study stages and myopia statuses. The development of myopia was simplified into two statuses: non-myopia and myopia. Students aged 6-18 years were also divided according to their study stages including senior kindergarten, primary school (from Grade 1 to 6), junior school (from Grade 1 to 3) and high school (from Grade 1 to 3). The parameters were extracted from the National Myopia Investigation in 2018 and published articles of cohort studies. The transition probability was applied to simulate the intervention scenarios, and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results: The cumulative incidence of myopia among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents would increase consistently. It would be 91.3% (min to max: 83.7% to 96.7%) upon graduation from high school. Without any intervention, the myopia prevalence would increase to 61.8% (min to max: 55.4% to 69.5%) by 2030 among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. And the myopia prevalence among students in primary schools, junior schools and high schools would be 45.6% (min to max: 40.2% to 54.3%), 81.3% (min to max: 72.6% to 91.0%) and 90.5% (min to max: 82.4% to 96.7%), respectively, all higher than the national target. If the interventions could achieve 70% of the desired effect, the myopia prevalence would be lower than the national target at each stage. Conclusions: Without effective interventions, the prevalence of myopia among students aged 6-18 years may keep increasing in the next ten years. If the interventions achieve the desired effect, the national target for myopia prevention and control could be reached. It is urgent to identify more effective interventions and call on the whole society to participate in the myopia prevention action to achieve the national goal by 2030. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 261-267).

[Profile of China National Birth Cohort]

With the rapid changes in lifestyle, natural and social environment, the reproductive health status of couples in childbearing age continues to decline, and long-term outcomes of the rapidly increasing offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) needs to be evaluated urgently. Therefore, the focus of research now needs to be extended from death and severe diseases to full life cycle and full disease spectrum. In order to meet the demand for such research, we launched the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) study, an ongoing prospective and longitudinal study aiming to recruit 30 000 families underwent ART and 30 000 families with spontaneous pregnancies. Long-term follow-up programs will be conducted for both spouses and their offspring. Data of couples and their offspring, such as environmental exposure, reproductive history, psychological and behavioral status, will be collected during follow-up. Peripheral blood, urine, umbilical blood, follicular fluid, semen were also collected at different follow-up nodes. Based on high-quality data and biological samples, CNBC will play an extremely important supporting role and have a far-reaching impact on maternal and children's health care and reproductive health in China. This paper is exactly a brief introduction to the construction and basic design of CNBC.

Evidence for X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-} Produced in Single-Tag Two-Photon Interactions

We report the first evidence for X(3872) production in two-photon interactions by tagging either the electron or the positron in the final state, exploring the highly virtual photon region. The search is performed in e^{+}e^{-}→e^{+}e^{-}J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}, using 825  fb^{-1} of data collected by the Belle detector operated at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider. We observe three X(3872) candidates, where the expected background is 0.11±0.10 events, with a significance of 3.2σ. We obtain an estimated value for Γ[over ˜]_{γγ}B(X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}) assuming the Q^{2} dependence predicted by a cc[over ¯] meson model, where -Q^{2} is the invariant mass squared of the virtual photon. No X(3915)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-} candidates are found.

LINC00657 promotes malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via regulating microRNA-150

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have shown that LINC00657 is a cancer-promoting gene. However, the role of LINC00657 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate the role of LINC00657 in OSCC and its regulatory mechanism.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the levels of LINC00657 and microRNA-150 in 32 pairs of OSCC tissues and normal ones, and the correlation between LINC00657 and clinical indicators and OSCC patient's prognosis was analyzed. qRT-PCR further verified the levels of LINC00657 and microRNA-150 in OSCC cells. In addition, LINC00657 overexpression and knockdown models were constructed using lentivirus in OSCC cell lines Fadu and Tca8113, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), plate clone experiment, and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were carried out to evaluate the influence of LINC00657 on the biological functions of OSCC cells. Further, Luciferase reporter gene and recovery experiments were used to explore its potential mechanism.

RESULTS

qRT-PCR showed that LINC00657 expression in OSCC tissue specimens was increased in comparison to normal ones. Patients with high LINC00657 expression had higher pathological staging and lower overall survival. Besides, the cell proliferation ability of the LINC00657 silencing group was remarkably decreased, while the opposite result was observed in LINC00657 overexpression group. Subsequently, qRT-PCR demonstrated a significant decrease in microRNA-150 expression in OSCC cell lines and tissues and a negative correlation with LINC00657. Luciferase assay demonstrated that LINC00657 could be targeted by microRNA-150 in certain binding sites. In addition, cell reverse experiment also confirmed that LINC00657 and microRNA-150 can be mutually regulated, thereby jointly modulating the malignant progression of OSCC.

CONCLUSIONS

LINC00657, remarkably upregulated in OSCC tissues, showed a close association with the poor prognosis of OSCC patients. Additionally, it may accelerate the malignant progression of OSCC via regulating microRNA-150.

Highly expressed lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating miR-127-3p/mediator complex subunit 28 axis

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to determine the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD3 antisense RNA 1 (FOXD3-AS1) in lung cancer tissues and to explore its underlying mechanisms in mediating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR; lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion were determined by in vitro functional assays; protein levels were determined by Western blot assay; xenograft nude mice model was used to evaluate the in vivo tumor growth of lung cancer cells; Luciferase reporter assay determined the interactions among FOXD3-AS1, miR-127-3p, and mediator complex subunit 28 (MED28).

RESULTS

Data mining and analysis of the clinical sample showed that FOXD3-AS1 expression was significantly up-regulated in lung cancer tissues. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that FOXD3-AS1 overexpression promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion, while FOXD3-AS1 knockdown exerted tumor-suppressive effects on NSCLC cells. Moreover, FOXD3-AS1 interacted with miR-127-3p by acting as a competing endogenous RNA to suppress miR-127-3p expression, while miR-127-3p repressed MED28 expression by targeting MED28 3' untranslated region in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, the oncogenic effects of FOXD3-AS1 overexpression were significantly attenuated by miR-127-3p overexpression and MED28 knockdown in NSCLC cells. In the xenograft mice model, FOXD3-AS1 knockdown suppressed in vivo tumor growth of A549 cells, and also up-regulated miR-127-3p expression and repressed MED28 expression in the xenograft tumors. In the clinical aspect, the downregulation of miR-127-3p and up-regulation of MED28 were respectively detected in lung cancer tissues.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings provided new evidence that the FOXD3-AS1 regulated NSCLC progression via targeting the miR-127-3p/MED28 axis.

LiCl Promotes Recovery of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis and Dysgeusia

Oral mucositis and taste dysfunction are frequently complained by patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy, challenging the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. Recent studies have indicated the protective role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) and its pivotal role in the development and self-renewal of taste buds. The current study hypothesizes that lithium chloride (LiCl), a potent activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, can promote the postirradiation restoration of oral mucosa integrity and taste function. To validate this hypothesis, we established a RIOM mouse model and evaluated the treatment efficacy of LiCl on oral mucositis and taste dysfunction in comparison with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for oral mucositis. The results showed that LiCl alleviated the weight loss and tongue ulceration of RIOM mice, promoted proliferation of basal epithelial cells, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tongue mucosa. More important, elevated taste bud renewal and dysgeusia recovery toward sweetness were observed in RIOM mice treated with LiCl as compared to those treated by KGF. Collectively, our data demonstrate that LiCl can mitigate oral mucositis and rescue taste alteration induced by irradiation, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may represent a promising therapy to improve the quality of life of patients receiving radiotherapy.

[Analysis of diagnostic value of UGT1A1 gene detection in Gilbert syndrome]

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis method of Gilbert syndrome (GS) and the relationship between UGT1A1 gene polymorphism distribution with serum bilirubin. Methods: Clinical data of 115 GS cases diagnosed in our hospital from January 2013 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability method, t-test, and non-parametric test were used for data analysis. Results: 115 cases with GS had an average age of (36.89 ± 12.77) years and an average serum total bilirubin level of (44.01 ± 18.78) μmol/L.UGT1A1*28/*28 (21, 18.3%), UGT1A1*1/*28 (17, 14.8%), and UGT1A1*1/*6 (17, 14.8%) were the most common single-site mutations. UGT1A1*1/*28 + *1/*6 (26, 22.6%), UGT1A1*28/*28 + *1/*27 (5, 4.3%) and UGT1A1*1/*28 + *1/*6 + *1/* 27 (5, 4.3%) were the most common multiple-site mutations. Among 110 cases with Gilbert syndrome combined with non-hemolytic diseases, pairwise comparisons showed that the total bilirubin levels of patients with UGT1A1*28/*28 mutations were significantly higher than UGT1A1*6/*6 and UGT1A1*1/*28 + *1/*6 mutation (P < 0.05). Additionally, with the increase of UGT1A1*28 distribution, the serum total bilirubin level had gradually increased (P = 0.028), but UGT1A1*6 was opposite (P = 0.021). There were no significant differences in gene distribution and bilirubin level between GS group (67 cases) and GS combined with viral hepatitis group (32 cases) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: UGT1A1 gene sequencing detection is a simple, safe, specific and sensitive effective method to assist GS diagnosis. It can reduce the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of clinical jaundice, thus reducing the patients' psychological burden and saving the limited medical resources. It is worthy of clinical application.

ORAOV1-B Promotes OSCC Metastasis via the NF-κB-TNFα Loop

Metastasis, a powerful prognostic indicator of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is chiefly responsible for poor cancer outcomes. Despite an increasing number of studies examining the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes, the development of potent strategies is hindered by insufficient characterization of the crucial regulators. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been gaining interest as significant modulators of OSCC metastasis; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated OSCC metastasis remain relatively uncharacterized. Here, we identified a novel alternative splice variant of oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1), named as ORAOV1-B, which was subsequently validated as an lncRNA and correlated with OSCC lymph node metastasis; significantly increased invasion and migration were observed in ORAOV1-B-overexpressing OSCC cells. RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry identified Hsp90 as a direct target of ORAOV1-B, and cDNA microarrays suggested TNFα as a potential downstream target of ORAOV1-B. ORAOV1-B was shown to directly bind to and stabilize Hsp90, which maintains the function of client proteins, receptor-interaction protein, and IκB kinase beta, thus activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing TNFα. Additionally, TNFα reciprocally enhanced p-NF-κB-p65 and the downstream epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ORAOV1-B effects were reversed by a TNFα inhibitor, demonstrating that TNFα is essential for ORAOV1-B-regulated metastatic ability. Consistent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the ORAOV1-B group was demonstrated via an orthotopic model. In the metastatic model, ORAOV1-B significantly contributed to OSCC-related lung metastasis. In summary, the novel splice variant ORAOV1-B is an lncRNA, which significantly potentiates OSCC invasion and metastasis by binding to Hsp90 and activating the NF-κB-TNFα loop. These findings demonstrate the versatile role of ORAOV1 family members and the significance of genes located within 11q13 in promoting OSCC. ORAOV1-B might serve as an attractive OSCC metastasis intervention target.

Oriented Perovskite Growth Regulation Enables Sensitive Broadband Detection and Imaging of Polarized Photons Covering 300-1050 nm

Photodetectors selective to the polarization empower breakthroughs in sensing technology for target identification. However, the realization of polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on intrinsically anisotropic crystal structure or extrinsically anisotropic device pattern requires complicated epitaxy and etching processes, which limit scalable production and application. Here, solution-processed PEA₂ MA₄ (Sn_0.5 Pb_0.5 )₅ I₁₆ (PEA= phenylethylammonium, MA= methylammonium) polycrystalline film is probed as photoactive layer toward sensing polarized photon from 300 to 1050 nm. The growth of the PEA₂ MA₄ (Sn_0.5 Pb_0.5 )₅ I₁₆ crystal occurs in confined crystallographic orientation of the (202) facet upon the assistance of NH₄ SCN and NH₄ Cl, enhancing anisotropic photoelectric properties. Therefore, the photodetector achieves a polarization ratio of 0.41 and dichroism ratio (I_max /I_min ) of 2.4 at 900 nm. At 520 nm, the I_max /I_min even surpasses the one of the perovskite crystalline films, 1.8 and ≈1.2, respectively. It is worth noting that the superior figure-of-merits possess a response width of 900 kHz, I_on /I_off ratio of ≈3 × 10⁸ , linear dynamic range from 0.15 nW to 12 mW, noise current of 8.28 × 10^-13 A × Hz^-0.5 , and specific detectivity of 1.53 × 10¹² Jones, which demonstrate high resolution and high speed for weak signal sensing and imaging. The proof of concept in polarized imaging confirms that the polarization-sensitive photodetector meets the requirements for practical application in target recognition.

Therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with calcitriol in elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty for osteoporotic femoral neck fracture

Zoledronic acid could improve the clinical outcome in elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty for osteoporotic femoral neck fracture in the 1-year prospective study.

INTRODUCTION

To validate the therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture who received total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA).

METHODS

Included in this study were 95 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who received THA/HA between August 2015 and June 2018. They were randomized into a ZOL group and a control group. Patients in ZOL group received a yearly single dose of 5 mg ZOL intravenous injection plus 0.5 μg/day calcitriol and 1000 mg/day calcium carbonate 2 days before THA or HA. Patients in the control group were treated with the same dose of calcitriol and calcium carbonate only without ZOL. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone metabolism markers including the total extension of the peptide type I collagen amino end (P1NP) and beta collagen degradation product (β-CTX) were obtained by serum examination. The postoperative functional outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score (HHS).

RESULTS

During the follow-up period, BMD in the ZOL group was improved and significantly higher than that in the control group at 6 and 12 months post-operation. Bone metabolism markers P1NP and β-CTX in ZOL group remained at a relatively low level as compared with that in the control group at 6 months after treatment. No significant difference in the mean HHS and the excellent/good rate of joint function was observed during the follow-up period between the two groups. The occurrence of adverse events in the ZOL group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

A single infusion of ZOL shows promise in improving BMD of the healthy side of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total hip and decreasing the level of bone markers, which may improve the clinical outcome of patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fractures receiving THA/HA.

Mode of action and structural modelling of the interaction of formononetin with suilysin

AIMS

Suilysin is a critical pore-forming virulence factor of Streptococcus suis that has been demonstrated to substantially contribute to its pathogenicity. We have demonstrated that formononetin alleviates S. suis infection both in vivo and in vitro by targeting suilysin. However, the molecular mechanism of the effect is unclear. Our aim was to determine the molecular mechanism of the effect of formononetin on suilysin.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The mechanism of interaction between formononetin and suilysin was investigated by molecular modelling. The results indicated that formononetin was bound at the junction of domain two and domain four of suilysin. The binding free energy values indicated that the A415, Y412, E414, N413, T61, T62 and G416 residues are critical for this binding, this observation was confirmed by the changes in the flexibility of these residues and the distances between these residues and formononetin. The inhibitory effect of formononetin on the pore-forming activity of suilysin, binding constant and binding free energy were significantly decreased by site-specific mutagenesis of Y412 and N413. Finally, we analysed the spatial configuration of suilysin before and after formononetin binding, the results indicated that the binding changed the conformation of suilysin, especially the angle between domain two and domain four, resulting in the disruption of cholesterol binding to suilysin and in the loss of pore-forming activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Formononetin is located at the junction of domain two and domain four of suilysin, and Y412 and N413 play critical roles in the binding. Formononetin binding changes the angle between domain two and domain four of suilysin, resulting in the loss of the pore-inducing activity of suilysin.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This work will promote the application of formononetin to combat S. suis infections and may contribute to the development of new inhibitors or modification of existing inhibitors.

Programmable hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals semiconductors

Collective electronic modes or lattice vibrations usually prohibit propagation of electromagnetic radiation through the bulk of common materials over a frequency range associated with these oscillations. However, this textbook tenet does not necessarily apply to layered crystals. Highly anisotropic materials often display nonintuitive optical properties and can permit propagation of subdiffractional waveguide modes, with hyperbolic dispersion, throughout their bulk. Here, we report on the observation of optically induced electronic hyperbolicity in the layered transition metal dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide (WSe₂). We used photoexcitation to inject electron-hole pairs in WSe₂ and then visualized, by transient nanoimaging, the hyperbolic rays that traveled along conical trajectories inside of the crystal. We establish here the signatures of programmable hyperbolic electrodynamics and assess the role of quantum transitions of excitons within the Rydberg series in the observed polaritonic response.

Differences in hypertension and prehypertension among people living with and without HIV in China: role of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVES

Hypertension is a growing health concern in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, association between HIV infection and hypertension is equivocal.

METHODS

In all, 1472 PLWH and 2944 HIV-negative individuals frequency-matched by age and sex were derived from the baseline survey of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART), China. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg.

RESULTS

Despite the fact that prevalence of hypertension was overall lower among PLWH than among HIV-negative people (21.1% vs. 29.1%, P < 0.001), it was similar at ages 18-29 (7.6% vs. 8.5%) and 30-44 years (17.1% vs. 18.5%) but significantly lower in PLWH at ages 45-59 (26.1% vs. 40.7%) and 60-75 years (37.1% vs. 57.3%). Prehypertension prevalence was consistently higher in PLWH across all age groups. In the model adjusting for traditional risk factors, HIV infection was associated with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.55) and prehypertension (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.51-2.08), and attenuated after additional adjustment for abdominal obesity. Age-stratified analysis showed that these associations of HIV with hypertension were observed at ages 18-29 and 30-44 years and associations with prehypertension were observed at ages 18-29, 30-44 and 45-59 years only. Years since HIV diagnosis and stavudine use were the HIV-specific factors independently associated with hypertension or/and prehypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

HIV infection is independently associated with prehypertension and hypertension especially at younger ages, and this risk may increase as treatment becomes prolonged. Our findings reinforce the urgent necessity for active BP screening and control strategies be adopted for PLWH in China.

[Current progress in etiology and clinical management of dental caries]

Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that occurs in the tooth hard tissues. Increasing evidence has also indicated a close involvement of dental caries in the onset and development of systemic diseases. In recent years along with the advances in high throughput-omics technologies, disease animal models, multicenter clinical studies, as well as the research and development in novel dental materials, digital and minimal invasive clinical techniques, robust progress have been made in the field of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental caries. More importantly, the strategy of whole life cycle management of caries has promoted the combinatory management of dental caries and other systemic chronic diseases, and it has also shed light on the age-based management and risk-control-oriented personalized treatment of caries. In the future, more efforts should be warranted to further the basic research and accelerate its clinical application, so as to advance the early diagnosis, comprehensive prevention and functional-aesthetic treatment with minimal invasive intervention of carious teeth, and ultimately to promote the population-based whole lifecycle management of caries.

Hyperlipidemia Impairs Osseointegration via the ROS/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

The influence of hyperlipidemia on titanium implant osseointegration and the underlying mechanisms is not well understood. This study investigates the changes in osseointegration and explores the potential mechanisms in hyperlipidemia conditions. In vivo, specialized titanium implants were implanted in the femurs of diet-induced or genetic hyperlipidemia mice. In vitro, primary murine osteoblasts were cultured on the titanium surface in high-fat medium. Results showed that hyperlipidemia led to poor osseointegration in both types of mice in vivo, and high-fat medium impaired the osteogenic differentiation of primary osteoblasts on the titanium surface in vitro. In addition, high-fat medium caused significant overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in osteoblasts. Both N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an ROS antagonist) and Wnt3a (an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) attenuated the poor osteogenic ability of osteoblasts. In addition, NAC reactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in osteoblasts under high-fat stimulation. These results demonstrate that hyperlipidemia impairs osseointegration via the ROS/Wnt/β-catenin pathway and provide support for the ROS or Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a promising therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs or implant materials to improve the osseointegration of implants in hyperlipidemic patients.

Transcriptome analysis of sheep follicular development during prerecruitment, dominant, and mature stages after FSH superstimulation

Sheep is usually a monovular animal; superovulation technology is used to increase the number of offspring per individual and shorten generation intervals. To date, mature FSH superstimulatory treatments have been successfully used in sheep breeding, but much remains unknown about genes, pathways, and biological functions involved in follicular development. Therefore, in this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of small follicles (SFs; 2-2.5 mm), medium follicles (MFs; 3.5-4.5 mm), and large follicles (LFs; > 6 mm) in Mongolian ewes after FSH superstimulation. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed genes and performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses in 3 separate pairwise comparisons. We found that ovarian steroidogenesis was significantly enriched in the SFs versus MFs analysis; the associated genes, cytochrome P450 family 19 (CYP19) and Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), were significantly upregulated. Moreover, proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the LFs versus SFs analysis; the associated genes, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), were significantly upregulated, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was significantly downregulated. In summary, our study provides basic data and possible biological direction to further explore the molecular mechanism of sheep follicular development after FSH superstimulation.

Comparing the Performance of Different Instruments for Diagnosing Frailty and Predicting Adverse Outcomes among Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer

OBJECTIVES

To examine the diagnostic performance of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), 11-factor modified frailty index (mFI-11), and 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) for frailty defined by Frailty Phenotype (FP), as well as to compare the predictive ability of TFI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 for adverse outcomes in hospital among elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.

DESIGN

A prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Hospitalization setting, Nanjing, China.

PARTICIPANTS

We recruited 259 elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery from a tertiary hospital.

MEASUREMENTS

Frailty was assessed by the FP, TFI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 before surgery, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compared the diagnostic performance of TFI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 using FP as the reference. ROC curves were used to examine the performance of TFI, mFI-11, and mFI-5 in predicting adverse outcomes. The area under the curve (AUC)>0.70 was regarded as an indicator of good performance.

RESULTS

The prevalence of frailty ranged from 8.5% (mFI-11) to 45.9% (TFI). The AUCs of TFI (AUC: 0.764, p<0.001) was significantly greater than that of mFI-11 (AUC: 0.600, p=0.033) and mFI-5 (AUC: 0.600, p=0.0311) in the detection of frailty defined by FP, with quite different sensitivity and specificity at their original cutoffs. TFI and mFI-11 both had statistically significant but similarly inadequate predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes in hospital, including total complications (AUCs: 0.618; 0.621), PLOS (AUCs: 0.593; 0.639), increased hospital costs (AUCs: 0.594; 0.624), and hypoproteinemia (AUCs: 0.573; 0.600). For the mFI-5, only the predictive ability for hypoproteinemia was statistically significant, with poor accuracy (AUC: 0.592, p<0.0055).

CONCLUSION

The TFI performed slightly better than mFI-11 and mFI-5 in our study. Moreover, future studies are needed to further determine an optimal frailty instrument with great diagnostic and predictive accuracy.

Is glutamate associated with fear extinction and cognitive behavior therapy outcome in OCD? A pilot study

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is based on the principles of fear extinction. Fear extinction is linked to structural and functional variability in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and has been consistently associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The relationship between vmPFC glutamate and fear extinction and its effects on CBT outcome have not yet been explored in adults with OCD. We assessed glutamate levels in the vmPFC using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fear extinction (learning and recall) using skin conductance responses during a 2-day experimental paradigm in OCD patients (n = 17) and in healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Obsessive-compulsive patients (n = 12) then received manualized CBT. Glutamate in the vmPFC was negatively associated with fear extinction recall and positively associated with CBT outcome (with higher glutamate levels predicting a better outcome) in OCD patients. Glutamate levels in the vmPFC in OCD patients were not significantly different from those in HC, and were not associated with OCD severity. Our results suggest that glutamate in the vmPFC is associated with fear extinction recall and CBT outcome in adult OCD patients.

Detection of human cytomegalovirus in synovial neutrophils obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: To examine whether signs of an active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection are present in affected joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method: Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) were obtained from synovial fluid (SF) of 17 RA patients and were analysed for HCMV-pp65 and HCMV-immediate early (IE) proteins using the antigenemia assay. Peripheral blood (PB) and SF obtained from these 17 patients and from 17 additional RA patients (n = 34) were tested for HCMV-IE and pp150 DNA with Taqman polymerase chain reaction. Plasma samples from the patients were analysed for HCMV-immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared to 71 healthy gender-matched blood donors.Results: HCMV-pp65 protein was detected in 65% of synovial PMNL samples, but in only 18% of PMNLs from PB. In contrast, HCMV IE protein was not found in any of the analysed PMNL samples. On the DNA level, HCMV-IE and pp150 DNA was detected in SF of 13/32 (41%) and 14/23 (61%) of RA patients, respectively. HCMV-IE and pp150 DNA was also found in 24/33 (73%) and in 16/24 (67%) of PB samples obtained from RA patients, respectively. HCMV IgG seroprevalence was 76% in RA patients as well as in healthy controls, while only one RA patient was positive for specific IgM.Conclusions: HCMV pp65 antigen was found in PMNLs from SF of RA patients, indicating an active infection in the affected joint. Future studies are needed to determine whether HCMV infection can aggravate the inflammatory process in these patients.

[Application and thinking of health standards related to medical care and health information in prevention and control of COVID-19]

Objective: To compare the technical elements of health standards for nosocomial infection control, health protection, health information, and health emergency and biosafety in the context of the prevention and control of COVID-19, and provide support for the further optimization of the epidemic prevention and control guidelines. Methods: Above mentioned health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were collected for a systematic comparison with "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions" (the 1(st) Edition) from the perspective of technical elements. Results: The application scope and technical elements of the current health standards basically meet the needs for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions: The implementation of the current health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained in the epidemic prevention and control can also contribute to the further revision and improvement of the health standards.

LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 accelerates the progression of cervical cancer via downregulating CDX1

OBJECTIVE

To uncover the role of FOXD2-AS1 in aggravating the progression of cervical cancer (CC) by negatively regulating caudal-related homeobox 1 (CDX1).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

FOXD2-AS1 levels in CC tissues with different tumor sizes and tumor staging were detected. Meanwhile, FOXD2-AS1 levels in CC patients either with vascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis or not were detected. Survival analysis on CC patients expressing high level or low level of FOXD2-AS1 was conducted by introducing the Kaplan-Meier method. After the silence of FOXD2-AS1, proliferative changes in SiHa and HeLa cells were assessed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Subcellular distribution of FOXD2-AS1 in CC cells was analyzed. Next, CDX1 level in CC tissues and para-tumor tissues was determined. The potential correlation between CDX1 level and FOXD2-AS1 level was evaluated by the linear regression analysis. At last, the regulatory effects of FOXD2-AS1/CDX1 on the proliferative ability of CC were examined.

RESULTS

FOXD2-AS1 was upregulated in CC tissues relative to those of para-tumor tissues, especially in those with larger tumor size and advanced tumor staging. Its level was not correlated to vascular invasion and lymphatic metastasis of CC. CC patients expressing a high level of FOXD2-AS1 suffered worse prognosis than those with low level. The silence of FOXD2-AS1 attenuated SiHa and HeLa cells to proliferate. FOXD2-AS1 was found to be mainly enriched in the nucleus. CDX1 was downregulated in CC tissues and its level was negatively regulated by FOXD2-AS1. The silence of CDX1 could reverse the regulatory effect of FOXD2-AS1 on the proliferative ability of CC cells.

CONCLUSIONS

FOXD2-AS1 is upregulated in CC and its high level predicts a poor prognosis of CC patients. It accelerates the malignant progression of CC via negatively regulating CDX1 level.

Differential Expression of Integrin β1 in Two Brain Injury Models of Rats

Abstract

Objective To study the characteristics of positive expression of integrin β1 in the rat brain tissue of two kinds of traumatic brain injury models and to explore the feasibility of inferring the mode of traumatic brain injury using the positive expression of integrin β1. Methods The occipital region of rats was hit by hydraulic impact method and pendulum striking method to produce two closed brain injury models of linear and rotation acceleration respectively, then 120 SD rats were randomly divided into linear acceleration injury group, rotation acceleration injury group, sham operation group and normal control group. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting method were used to detect the positive expression of integrin β1 in different parts of the brain tissue at 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 3 d and 7 d after rat injury. The data was processed statistically by SPSS 18.0 software. Results The positive expression of integrin β1 was detected 30 min after brain injury and reached the peak 6 h after brain injury. With the extension of injury time, the expression tended to enhance. At the same time points after injury, the differences in the positive expression of integrin β1 between the linear acceleration injury group and the rotation acceleration injury group in the occipital strike point and thalamus had no statistical significance （ P>0.05）, but the differences in the expression of integrin β1 in the frontal lobe and brain stem had statistical significance （P<0.05）. Conclusion The characteristics of positive expression of integrin β1 in brain tissue can be used to infer the strike point and the manner of injury and has application value for the reconstruction of craniocerebral injury process.

PHACTR1, a pro-atherosclerotic mechanosensitive PPARgamma corepressor in endothelial cells

Background

Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs at phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) locus are strongly correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanism linking these variants to CAD remains uncertain.

Purpose

We studied the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PHACTR1 in atherosclerosis.

Methods and results

Analysis of GTEx database showed that CAD-related SNPs in PHACTR1 are cis-eQTLs for PHACTR1 in arteries. Therefore, we generated Phactr1 knockout mice and crossed them with apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice to induce atherosclerosis by high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF-HC) diet. Phactr1 deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis with decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Western blot showed that PHACTR1 was restricted to endothelial cells (ECs) in mice. Mechanistically, RNAseq of aortic ECs revealed that the major molecular function of PHACTR1 was transcriptional regulation. PPARγ/RXRα was the top transcription factor, and PPARγ target gene expression substantially increased in Phactr1−/− mice. Moreover, we generated endothelial cell specific Phactr1−/−, ApoE−/− mice and found decreased atherosclerotic plaque area in aortic sinus. In vitro, PHACTR1 associated with PPARγ and inhibited PPARγ transcriptional activity. The inhibitory effect of PHACTR1 on PPARγ required its shuttling from cytosol to nucleus triggered by disturbed flow, a well-established pro-atherosclerotic stimulus.

Conclusion

Our results identified PHACTR1 as a mechanosensitive corepressor of PPARγ in ECs to promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF)

Skimmed Milk Diluent Promotes the Sperm Motility and Conception Rate of Dorper Sheep Compared to Vitamin B12 Diluent

BACKGROUND

Dorper sheep is an ideal breed for improvement, with higher meat production and increased adaptability. Artificial insemination is an efficient technique for Dorper genetic improvement and reproduction management. However, there is no uniform diluent for Dorper semen dilution.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effects of vitamin B12 (VB12) and skimmed milk diluents on sperm motility at different ratios and time points, and the effects on conception rate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We detected the effect of diluents on sperm density, deformity, motility and conception rate of Dorper sheep.

RESULTS

We found the optimal dilution ratio of skimmed milk is 1:3. Compared to VB12, skimmed milk at 1:3 ratio prolonged semen storage time (48 h vs. 18 h, storage at a low temperature of 4°C) and increased the survival index of sperm (44.7 ± 2.8 vs. 18.5 ± 0.6, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

Skimmed milk is more effective, nutritious and convenient than vitamin B12, representing a more advantageous diluent.

High-Performance Perovskite Dual-Band Photodetectors for Potential Applications in Visible Light Communication

Due to the rapid development of smart technology infusion, visible light communication (VLC) has been promising as a connection belt among real estates due to the appealing features including fast speed of data transmission and high bandwidth. Unfortunately, the issues of crosstalk, interference, or data leakage in the VLC impose rigorous requests for the receiver terminal, photodetector, including fast and accurate signal recognition, rapid decoding, etc. In pursuit of distinctive merits, a dual-band photodetector is proposed as an efficient receiver terminal for VLC in this work. With MAPbBr₃ and MAPbI₃ as photoactive layers, a device by stacking two photodiodes in opposite polarity is constructed to sense the signals at two different wavelengths from a commercial white light-emitting diode (LED) transmitter. By manipulating the applied bias direction, the response of a single device can be controllably switched between 300-570 and 630-800 nm with an optical crosstalk of less than -30 dB. The performance with an I_on/I_off ratio of about 10⁸, a response bandwidth (f_-3dB) of ∼33 kHz, a response switching rate approaching 1000 Hz, and a detectivity of 1.75 × 10¹⁰ Jones ensures its application as an efficient data receiver. We believe that this work will provide the motivation to explore novel functional perovskite optoelectronic devices and put them to practical applications in the special field.

Spatial variation of the soil bacterial community in major apple producing regions of China

AIMS

In China, apple production areas are largely from the coastal to inland areas and across varied climate zones. However, the relationship among soil micro-organisms, environmental factors and fruit quality has not been clearly confirmed in orchards. Here we attempted to identify the variation of soil bacteria in the main apple producing regions and reveal the relationship among climatic factor, soil properties, soil bacterial community and fruit quality.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Sixty soil samples were collected from six main apple producing areas in China. We examined the soil bacteria using bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling. The results show that the soil bacterial diversity of apple orchards varied from the Bohai Bay Region to the Loess Plateau Region. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the predominant taxa at the phylum level for all six areas. In the Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau region, which are the two largest apple producing areas, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the highest relative abundance, respectively. Furthermore, soil bacterial diversity showed positive correlation with the mean annual temperature (MAT), soil organic matter (SOM) and pH. Excluding a direct effect on the apple fruit quality, MAT exerted an indirect influence through soil SOM and pH to alter the relative abundance of dominant taxa and shift the bacterial diversity, which affects the apple fruit titratable acids and soluble solids.

CONCLUSIONS

Geographic variables underlie apple orchard soil bacterial communities vary according to spatial scale. Environmental factors exert an indirect effect on apple fruit quality via shaping soil bacterial community.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This study provides a list of bacteria associated with environmental factors and the ecological attributes of their interactions in apple orchards, which will improve our ability to promote soil bacterial functional capabilities in order to reduce the fertilizer input and enhance the fruit quality.

Effect of the baseline pulse wave velocity on short term and long term blood pressure control in primary hypertension

OBJECTIVES

Arterial stiffness may affect antihypertensive response to antihypertensive treatment. However, sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline arterial stiffness measured by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on response to short-term and long-term enalapril-based treatment in 3310 hypertensive adults from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT).

METHODS AND RESULTS

Blood pressure (BP) measured at three months (short-term) in 2780 subjects, and the time-average on-treatment BP in 3310 subjects during a median of 4.5-year follow-ups (long-term) were analyzed in the study. After short-term antihypertensive treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV denoted a 7% and 6% decreased chance of achieving systolic BP (SBP) control (odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.96; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.91, 0.97; P < 0.001), respectively, after adjustment for age, gender and other variables. After long-term treatment, every 1 m/s increase in baPWV posed an 7% and 6% greater risk of failing to attain SBP control (OR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.90, 0.95; P < 0.001) and BP control (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92, 0.96; P < 0.001), respectively, not regarding for DBP control after both short- and long-term treatment. Higher baseline baPWV significantly decreased SBP reduction both after three months and the median 4.5-year treatment, while increased DBP reduction after the median 4.5-year treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated baseline baPWV significantly decreased BP response to short-and long-term treatment in adults with primary hypertensive. Arterial stiffness improvement may be an essential target to achieve adequate BP control.

Sensitively switchable visible/infrared multispectral detection and imaging based on a tandem perovskite device

Multispectral detection and imaging facilitate advances in target identification; for example, the switchable functionality of sensing visible photons and sensing near-infrared photons in the eyes of some vertebrate species provide visual sensitivity beyond the range of human vision. In this work, a single sensor device is constructed with stacking solution-processed MAPbI3 and MA0.5FA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 in opposite polarity for the multispectral detection of visible and NIR photons. With applied bias modulating built-in potential, the sensing response is tunable, while the good ambipolar carrier transport and high trap tolerance in perovskite films ensure high performance. As a result, the selective sensing toward visible photons from 350-800 nm and NIR photons from 700-1000 nm is achieved in a single photodetector under -0.3V and 0.5 V, respectively, with a high on/off ratio of ∼104, a relatively low optical crosstalk of -70 dB, and specific detectivity of over 1012 Jones. Moreover, the high mode-switching rate of 1000 Hz in altering the visible and NIR sensing mode and the high -3 dB bandwidth of ∼50 kHz enable our solution-processed perovskite-based multispectral photodetector to be recognized as an advanced technique for the fast and sensitive target multispectral imaging and identification.

Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Emission Approaching the Theoretical Limit of Radiative Cooling Ability

Radiative cooling, a passive cooling technique, has shown great potentials in recent years to lower the power consumption of air conditioning. With the ever-increasing cooling power being reported, the theoretical cooling limit of such a technique is still unclear. In this work, we proposed a theoretical limit imposing an upper bound for the attainable cooling power. To approach this limit, we exploited the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of self-doped In₂O₃ nanoparticles, which enhance the emissivity in both primary and secondary atmospheric windows. The measured cooling power of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films containing 4.5% In₂O₃ nanoparticles is very close to the limit with the closest value only about 0.4 W/m² below the limit. Hopefully, this work may help the researchers better evaluating the performance of their device in the future and pave the way for achieving even higher radiative cooling powers during the daytime operations with the help of LSPR.

Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor

We report magnetoabsorption spectroscopy of gated WSe_{2} monolayers in high magnetic fields up to 60 T. When doped with a 2D Fermi sea of mobile holes, well-resolved sequences of optical transitions are observed in both σ^{±} circular polarizations, which unambiguously and separately indicate the number of filled Landau levels (LLs) in both K and K^{'} valleys. This reveals the interaction-enhanced valley Zeeman energy, which is found to be highly tunable with hole density p. We exploit this tunability to align the LLs in K and K^{'}, and find that the 2D hole gas becomes unstable against small changes in LL filling and can spontaneously valley polarize. These results cannot be understood within a single-particle picture, highlighting the importance of exchange interactions in determining the ground state of 2D carriers in monolayer semiconductors.