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Park MS, Kim SK, Park HJ, Seok H, Kang SW, Lee SH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Kim TH, Kim YH, Kang SW, Chung JH, Jeong KH. Association Studies of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms With Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation Recipients. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1012-1017. [PMID: 28583517 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of proteins. This study was performed to evaluate the association of BMP gene polymorphisms with acute renal allograft rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD) in Koreans. METHODS Three hundred thirty-one patients who had kidney transplantation procedures were recruited. Transplantation outcomes were determined in terms of AR and GD criteria. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1979855 (5' near gene), rs1049007 (Ser87Ser), rs235767 (intron), rs1005464 (intron), rs235768 (Arg190Ser), and rs3178250 (3; untranslated region). RESULTS Among the six SNPs tested, the rs235767, rs1005464, and rs3178250 SNPs were significantly associated with AR (P < .05). The rs1049007 and rs235768 SNPs also showed an association with GD (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results suggest that the BMP2 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of AR and GD in kidney transplant recipients.
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Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim YH, Jeon JM, Song HS, Kim J, No SY, Shin JH, Choi KY, Park KM, Yang YH. Functional Study of Lysine Decarboxylases from Klebsiella pneumoniae in Escherichia coli and Application of Whole Cell Bioconversion for Cadaverine Production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 26:1586-92. [PMID: 27291676 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1602.02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, and encapsulated bacterium in the normal flora of the intestines, mouth, skin, and food, and has decarboxylation activity, which results in generation of diamines (cadaverine, agmatine, and putrescine). However, there is no specific information on the exact mechanism of decarboxylation in K. pnuemoniae. Specifically lysine decarboxylases that generate cadaverine with a wide range of applications has not been shown. Therefore, we performed a functional study of lysine decarboxylases. Enzymatic characteristics such as optimal pH, temperature, and substrates were examined by overexpressing and purifying CadA and LdcC. CadA and LdcC from K. pneumoniae had a preference for L-lysine, and an optimal reaction temperature of 37°C and an optimal pH of 7. Although the activity of purified CadA from K. pneumoniae was lower than that of CadA from E. coli, the activity of K. pneumoniae CadA in whole cell bioconversion was comparable to that of E. coli CadA, resulting in 90% lysine conversion to cadaverine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate L-lysine.
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Freedman B, Camm J, Calkins H, Healey JS, Rosenqvist M, Wang J, Albert CM, Anderson CS, Antoniou S, Benjamin EJ, Boriani G, Brachmann J, Brandes A, Chao TF, Conen D, Engdahl J, Fauchier L, Fitzmaurice DA, Friberg L, Gersh BJ, Gladstone DJ, Glotzer TV, Gwynne K, Hankey GJ, Harbison J, Hillis GS, Hills MT, Kamel H, Kirchhof P, Kowey PR, Krieger D, Lee VWY, Levin LÅ, Lip GYH, Lobban T, Lowres N, Mairesse GH, Martinez C, Neubeck L, Orchard J, Piccini JP, Poppe K, Potpara TS, Puererfellner H, Rienstra M, Sandhu RK, Schnabel RB, Siu CW, Steinhubl S, Svendsen JH, Svennberg E, Themistoclakis S, Tieleman RG, Turakhia MP, Tveit A, Uittenbogaart SB, Van Gelder IC, Verma A, Wachter R, Yan BP, Al Awwad A, Al-Kalili F, Berge T, Breithardt G, Bury G, Caorsi WR, Chan NY, Chen SA, Christophersen I, Connolly S, Crijns H, Davis S, Dixen U, Doughty R, Du X, Ezekowitz M, Fay M, Frykman V, Geanta M, Gray H, Grubb N, Guerra A, Halcox J, Hatala R, Heidbuchel H, Jackson R, Johnson L, Kaab S, Keane K, Kim YH, Kollios G, Løchen ML, Ma C, Mant J, Martinek M, Marzona I, Matsumoto K, McManus D, Moran P, Naik N, Ngarmukos T, Prabhakaran D, Reidpath D, Ribeiro A, Rudd A, Savalieva I, Schilling R, Sinner M, Stewart S, Suwanwela N, Takahashi N, Topol E, Ushiyama S, Verbiest van Gurp N, Walker N, Wijeratne T. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2017; 135:1851-1867. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of ischemic strokes are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) first diagnosed at the time of stroke. Detecting asymptomatic AF would provide an opportunity to prevent these strokes by instituting appropriate anticoagulation. The AF-SCREEN international collaboration was formed in September 2015 to promote discussion and research about AF screening as a strategy to reduce stroke and death and to provide advocacy for implementation of country-specific AF screening programs. During 2016, 60 expert members of AF-SCREEN, including physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, health economists, and patient advocates, were invited to prepare sections of a draft document. In August 2016, 51 members met in Rome to discuss the draft document and consider the key points arising from it using a Delphi process. These key points emphasize that screen-detected AF found at a single timepoint or by intermittent ECG recordings over 2 weeks is not a benign condition and, with additional stroke factors, carries sufficient risk of stroke to justify consideration of anticoagulation. With regard to the methods of mass screening, handheld ECG devices have the advantage of providing a verifiable ECG trace that guidelines require for AF diagnosis and would therefore be preferred as screening tools. Certain patient groups, such as those with recent embolic stroke of uncertain source (ESUS), require more intensive monitoring for AF. Settings for screening include various venues in both the community and the clinic, but they must be linked to a pathway for appropriate diagnosis and management for screening to be effective. It is recognized that health resources vary widely between countries and health systems, so the setting for AF screening should be both country- and health system-specific. Based on current knowledge, this white paper provides a strong case for AF screening now while recognizing that large randomized outcomes studies would be helpful to strengthen the evidence base.
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Zylstra AB, Herrmann HW, Kim YH, McEvoy AM, Schmitt MJ, Hale G, Forrest C, Glebov VY, Stoeckl C. Simultaneous measurement of the HT and DT fusion burn histories in inertial fusion implosions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:053504. [PMID: 28571443 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the thermonuclear burn history is an important way to diagnose inertial fusion implosions. Using the gas Cherenkov detectors at the OMEGA laser facility, we measure the HT fusion burn in a H2+T2 gas-fueled implosion for the first time. Using multiple detectors with varied Cherenkov thresholds, we demonstrate a technique for simultaneously measuring both the HT and DT burn histories from an implosion where the total reaction yields are comparable. This new technique will be used to study material mixing and kinetic phenomena in implosions.
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Kim HJ, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Jang HC, Lim S, Choi SH, Kim YH, Shin DH, Kim SH, Kim TH, Ahn YB, Ko SH, Kim NH, Seo JA, Kim HY, Lee KW. Effects of valsartan and amlodipine on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: a randomized, multicenter study. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:497-504. [PMID: 28490725 PMCID: PMC5432799 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic complications and antagonists of renin-angiotensin system and amlodipine have been reported previously to reduce oxidative stress. In this study, we compared the changes in oxidative stress markers after valsartan and amlodipine treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and compared the changes in metabolic parameters. METHODS Type 2 diabetic subjects with hypertension 30 to 80 years of age who were not taking antihypertensive drugs were randomized into either valsartan (n = 33) or amlodipine (n = 35) groups and treated for 24 weeks. We measured serum nitrotyrosine levels as an oxidative stress marker. Metabolic parameters including serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and urine albumin and creatinine were also measured. RESULTS After 24 weeks of valsartan or amlodipine treatment, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased, with no significant difference between the groups. Both groups showed a decrease in serum nitrotyrosine (7.74 ± 7.30 nmol/L vs. 3.95 ± 4.07 nmol/L in the valsartan group and 8.37 ± 8.75 nmol/L vs. 2.68 ± 2.23 nmol/L in the amlodipine group) with no significant difference between the groups. Other parameters including glucose, lipid profile, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance showed no significant differences before and after treatment in either group. CONCLUSIONS Valsartan and amlodipine reduced the oxidative stress marker in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.
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Baek JK, Lee JS, Kim TH, Kim YH, Han DJ, Hong SK. Four-Year Experience With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Kidney Transplant Patients With Severe Refractory Cardiopulmonary Insufficiency. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2080-3. [PMID: 27569948 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are vulnerable to infections because of their immunosuppressive treatments, and they occasionally exhibit serious acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in KT recipients and to identify risk factors for ECMO weaning failure. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of KT patients who experienced severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction refractory to conventional therapy and received ECMO at the Asan Medical Center Surgical Intensive Care Unit between December 2010 and December 2014. RESULTS During the 4-year study period, 12 KT patients required ECMO management. Six of these patients were successfully weaned from ECMO; the mean duration of ECMO support was 9.1 days (range, 3.5-15.1 days). Indications for ECMO included pneumonia (8 cases required venovenous ECMO and 1 case required venoarterial [VA] ECMO), stress-induced cardiomyopathy due to fungemia (1 case required VA ECMO), and septic shock due to either urinary tract infection or unknown origin (2 cases required VA ECMO). In assessing risk factors leading to a failure of ECMO weaning, the pH on arterial blood gas analysis performed just before the beginning of this intervention was significantly lower in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors (P = .046). CONCLUSIONS ECMO can be a beneficial rescue therapy in immunosuppressed patients with cardiopulmonary dysfunction refractory to treatment. Severe acidosis before the administration of EMCO is a major determinant of ECMO weaning failure.
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Kim YH, Kim BK. Approach to Frontal Sinus Outflow Tract Injury. Arch Craniofac Surg 2017; 18:1-4. [PMID: 28913294 PMCID: PMC5556736 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2017.18.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) injury may occur in cases of frontal sinus fractures and nasoethmoid orbital fractures. Since the FSOT is lined with mucosa that is responsible for the path from the frontal sinus to the nasal cavity, an untreated injury may lead to complications such as mucocele formation or chronic frontal sinusitis. Therefore, evaluation of FSOT is of clinical significance, with FSOT being diagnosed mostly by computed tomography or intraoperative dye. Several options are available to surgeons when treating FSOT injury, and they need to be familiar with these options to take the proper treatment measures in order to follow the treatment principle for FSOT, which is a safe sinus, and to reduce complications. This paper aimed to examine the surrounding anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment of FSOT.
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Yeo CD, Kim YA, Lee HY, Kim JW, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Kwon SS, Kim YH, Kim SC. Inhibiting IGF-1R attenuates cell proliferation and VEGF production in IGF-1R over-expressing EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:29-37. [PMID: 28394654 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1282994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in IGF-1R expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lung adenocarcinoma PC9, HCC827, and H1975 cells were exposed to a combination of IGF-1, gefitinib, or linsitinib. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The expression of EGFR, IGF-1R, AKT, extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase 3, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α were measured by Western blot. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Cell growth in PC9 and HCC827 cells was synergistically suppressed by co-treatment with gefitinib and linsitinib. Gefitinib did not affect H1975 cell growth; however, linsitinib suppressed cell proliferation. Co-treatment with gefitinib and linsitinib inhibited pAKT and pERK, and linsitinib treatment profoundly reduced IGF-1-induced pIGF-1R expression in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Dual treatment increased the number of Annexin-V-positive HCC827 and H1975 cells, and expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP increased in H1975 cells following linsitinib treatment. Gefitinib inhibited HIF-1α and VEGF expression in HCC827 cells, and linsitinib inhibited VEGF production in H1975 cells. CONCLUSION IGF-1R TKIs had modest anti-tumor efficacy and their effects were explained by blocking the EGFR and IGF-1R pathway in IGF-1R expressing EGFR-sensitive cells. IGF-1R TKI had pro-apoptotic activity and inhibited cellular growth in EGFR-resistant cells.
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Lee HJ, Kim TH, Kang SW, Kim YH, Kim SK, Chung JH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Lee SH, Ihm CG, Lee TW, Jeong KH. Association Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-4 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Acute Rejection and Graft Dysfunction After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:813-9. [PMID: 27234743 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine genotypes have previously been studied in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation; certain polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of acute rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD). Allograft outcomes determined, in part, by alloimmune responses is mainly mediated by T-cell responses, activated and driven by cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one such cytokine, which exerts its biological effects through binding to the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex on target cells. In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL-4 and/or IL-4R gene were associated with susceptibility to acute AR and GD after kidney transplantation. METHODS We analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of IL-4 (rs2243250 and rs2070874) and 3 SNPs of IL-4R (rs1801275, rs2107356, and rs1805010) in 344 kidney transplant recipients. These patients included 62 of whom had developed AR and 215 of whom had GD in 1 year after kidney transplantation. RESULTS The AR group included 62 patients (45 men and 17 women). There was a statistically significant difference in the male-to-female ratio and the use of tacrolimus in the AR group. The GD group included 215 patients. Patients who developed GD were more likely to be older and have an underlying cause of end-stage renal disease that was unknown compared with patients who did not have GD, the cause of which was typically known. Among the SNPs examined, 1 of the SNPs in the IL-4R gene (ie, rs1801275) showed a statistical association with AR (co-dominant model, P = .061; dominant model, P = .019; and log-addictive model, P = .029). In addition, 1 of the IL-4R SNPs (ie, rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD (dominant model, P = .034). No significant difference in the IL-4 genotype was observed between the AR/GD and non-AR/non-GD subjects. CONCLUSIONS One IL-4R gene polymorphism (rs1801275) was associated with AR. In addition, a separate IL-4R SNP (rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD after kidney transplantation.
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Yun KY, Kim YH, Suh DS, Lee NK, Choi KU, Kim KH. Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor of the uterus in a postmenopausal woman: morphologic and immunohistochemical features. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2017; 38:319-322. [PMID: 29953805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor of the uterus is a rare occurrence, and it is truly challenging to diagnose or dif- ferentiate mesenchymal tumors of the uterine corpus, due to their many overlapping features. In most cases, the gross pathology of mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor differs from that of pure endometrial stromal and pure smooth muscle tumors. A 59-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with vaginal spotting, low abdominal pain, and an uterine mass. Subsequent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.0x3.8x3.4-cm sized uterine mass with enhancement. The mass showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images, and thus, was suspected to be uterine sarcoma rather than degenerative leiomyoma. Levels of tumor markers, CA 125, CA 19-9, and SCC, were within their normal ranges. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed, and a final diagnosis of mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor of the uterus was rendered. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and aromatase inhibitor adjuvant therapy was administered.
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Kim YH, Choi SY, Lee JS, Yoon SH, Chung SA. Smartphone Fundus Photography in an Infant with Abusive Head Trauma. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.11.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar P, Kim KH, Kim YH, Szulejko JE, Brown RJC. A review of metal organic resins for environmental applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:234-240. [PMID: 27544736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has been extended to explore various issues regarding structural flexibility, toxicity, aqueous synthesis, biodegradability, regeneration, reuse, and easy disposal. Based on such efforts, highly-ordered porous MOF structures bound to organic resins (metal organic resins or MORs) have emerged as a new generation of materials with excellent properties feasible for diverse applications. Here, we describe the excellent features of MORs and demonstrate their potential applicability in environmental as well as other relevant fields.
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Herrmann HW, Kim YH, McEvoy AM, Zylstra AB, Young CS, Lopez FE, Griego JR, Fatherley VE, Oertel JA, Stoeffl W, Khater H, Hernandez JE, Carpenter A, Rubery MS, Horsfield CJ, Gales S, Leatherland A, Hilsabeck T, Kilkenny JD, Malone RM, Hares JD, Milnes J, Shmayda WT, Stoeckl C, Batha SH. Next generation gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors for the National Ignition Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E732. [PMID: 27910331 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The newest generation of Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD-3) employed in Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments at the Omega Laser Facility has provided improved performance over previous generations. Comparison of reaction histories measured using two different deuterium-tritium fusion products, namely gamma rays using GCD and neutrons using Neutron Temporal Diagnostic (NTD), have provided added credibility to both techniques. GCD-3 is now being brought to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to supplement the existing Gamma Reaction History (GRH-6m) located 6 m from target chamber center (TCC). Initially it will be located in a reentrant well located 3.9 m from TCC. Data from GCD-3 will inform the design of a heavily-shielded "Super" GCD to be located as close as 20 cm from TCC. It will also provide a test-bed for faster optical detectors, potentially lowering the temporal resolution from the current ∼100 ps state-of-the-art photomultiplier tubes (PMT) to ∼10 ps Pulse Dilation PMT technology currently under development.
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Koo SM, Uh ST, Kim DS, Kim YW, Chung MP, Park CS, Jeong SH, Park YB, Lee HL, Shin JW, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Jegal Y, Lee HK, Kim YH, Song JW, Park MS, Hwangbo Y. Relationship between survival and age in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3255-3264. [PMID: 28066605 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a debate that older patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a worse prognosis. We evaluated whether age affects the survival of patients with IPF. METHODS The Korean Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Research Group conducted a national survey to evaluate the clinical, physiological, radiological, and survival characteristics of patients with IPF. A total of 1,663 patients with IPF were stratified into three groups according to age: (I) <60 years (n=309); (II) 60-69 years (n=613); and (III) ≥70 years (n=741). RESULTS The 1-, 3- and 5-year observed survival rates were 83.0%, 62.6%, and 49.2% in the total population, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year relative survival rates were 85.7%, 69.1%, and 58.0% in all patients, respectively. The observed survival rate of the group ≥70 years of age was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.001). In contrast, no significant difference in relative survival rate was detected among the three age groups. Compared with patients less than 60 years of age, patients with above 70 years of age had not increased risk of worse relative survival [P=0.252; hazard ratio (HR), 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-1.64]. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of patients above 70 years of age with IPF was not different to that of patients less than 60 years of age, using relative survival rate. Age may not affect survival in patients with IPF.
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Lee SH, Kim SY, Kim DS, Kim YW, Chung MP, Uh ST, Park CS, Jeong SH, Park YB, Lee HL, Shin JW, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Jegal Y, Lee HK, Kim YH, Song JW, Park SW, Park MS. Predicting survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using GAP score: a nationwide cohort study. Respir Res 2016; 17:131. [PMID: 27756398 PMCID: PMC5069824 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) varies widely. Although the GAP model is useful for predicting mortality, survivals have not yet been validated for each GAP score. We aimed to elucidate how prognosis is related to GAP score and GAP stage in IPF patients. Methods The Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group conducted a national survey to evaluate various characteristics in IPF patients from 2003 to 2007. Patients were diagnosed according to the 2002 criteria of the ATS/ERS. We enrolled 1,685 patients with IPF; 1,262 had undergone DLCO measurement. Patients were stratified based on GAP score (0–7): GAP score Group 0 (n = 26), Group 1 (n = 150), Group 2 (n = 208), Group 3 (n = 376), Group 4 (n = 317), Group 5 (n = 138), Group 6 (n = 39), and Group 7 (n = 8). Results Higher GAP score and GAP stage were associated with a poorer prognosis (p < 0.001, respectively). Survival time in Group 3 was lower than those in Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.043 and p = 0.039, respectively), and higher than those in groups 4, 5, and 6 (p = 0.043, p = 0.032, and p = 0.003, respectively). Gender, age, and DLCO (%) differed significantly between Groups 2 and 3. All four variables in the GAP model differed significantly between Groups 3 and 4. Conclusion The GAP system showed significant predictive ability for mortality in IPF patients. However, prognosis in IPF patients with a GAP score of 3 were significantly different from those in the other stage I groups and stage II groups of Asian patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0454-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kang HS, Rhee CK, Kim SK, Kim JW, Lee SH, Yoon HK, Ahn JH, Kim YH. Comparison of the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients requiring hospital admission to treat eosinophilic and neutrophilic exacerbations of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2467-2473. [PMID: 27757029 PMCID: PMC5055104 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with eosinophilic and neutrophilic COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective multicenter study performed between January 2010 and December 2014. In all, 1,688 COPD patients admitted via the outpatient clinics or emergency departments of six university hospitals were enrolled. The patients were grouped by complete blood counts: eosinophilic group, >2% peripheral blood eosinophils, and neutrophilic group, >65% peripheral blood neutrophils or >11,000 leukocytes/mL. The patients with radiographic evidence of pneumonia at the time of admission, those with lung cancer, those admitted for treatment of other medical problems, and those who chronically used steroids were excluded. RESULTS A total of 605 patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbations (177 eosinophilic and 380 neutrophilic) were included. Pulmonary functions, including the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, were better in patients with eosinophilic exacerbations. Treatment outcomes, including the rate of admission to the intensive care unit and mortality, were poorer in patients with neutrophilic exacerbations (4.5% vs 12.4%, P=0.004; 1.1% vs 4.5%, P=0.043, respectively). Congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR] =3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-9.01) and neutrophilic exacerbation (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.21-6.52) were independent risk factors for intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSION COPD patients with neutrophilic exacerbations experienced worse clinical outcomes than did those with eosinophilic exacerbations. The peripheral blood eosinophil count may be a useful predictor of clinical progress during hospitalization of COPD patients with acute exacerbations.
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Lee BM, Jo H, Park G, Kim YH, Park CK, Jung SJ, Chung G, Oh SB. Extracellular ATP Induces Calcium Signaling in Odontoblasts. J Dent Res 2016; 96:200-207. [PMID: 27694154 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516671308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts form dentin at the outermost surface of tooth pulp. An increasing level of evidence in recent years, along with their locational advantage, implicates odontoblasts as a secondary role as sensory or immune cells. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a well-characterized signaling molecule in the neuronal and immune systems, and its potential involvement in interodontoblast communications was recently demonstrated. In an effort to elaborate the ATP-mediated signaling pathway in odontoblasts, the current study performed single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescent detection to investigate the expression of ATP receptors related to calcium signal in odontoblasts from incisal teeth of 8- to 10-wk-old rats, and demonstrated an in vitro response to ATP application via calcium imaging experiments. While whole tissue RT-PCR analysis detected P2Y2, P2Y4, and all 7 subtypes (P2X1 to P2X7) in tooth pulp, single-cell RT-PCR analysis of acutely isolated rat odontoblasts revealed P2Y2, P2Y4, P2X2, P2X4, P2X6, and P2X7 expression in only a subset (23% to 47%) of cells tested, with no evidence for P2X1, P2X3, and P2X5 expression. An increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to 100μM ATP, which was repeated after pretreatment of thapsigargin or under the Ca2+-free condition, suggested function of both ionotropic and metabotropic ATP receptors in odontoblasts. The enhancement of ATP-induced calcium response by ivermectin and inhibition by 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD) confirmed a functional P2X4 subtype in odontoblasts. Positive calcium response to 2',3'-O-(benzoyl-4-benzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) and negative response to α,β-methylene ATP suggested P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 as functional subunits in rat odontoblasts. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis of the cells with confirmed calcium response and immunofluorescent detection further corroborated the expression of P2X4 and P2X7 in odontoblasts. Overall, this study demonstrated heterogeneous expression of calcium-related ATP receptor subtypes in subsets of individual odontoblasts, suggesting extracellular ATP as a potential signal mediator for odontoblastic functions.
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Kang HS, Jeon SH, Rhee CK, Lee SH, Kim YH. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes Between Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Exacerbations of COPD Requiring Hospital Admission. Chest 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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169
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Shin S, Kim YH, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kwon HW, Choi JY, Han DJ. Incidence and differential characteristics of culture-negative fever following pancreas transplantation with anti-thymocyte globulin induction. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:681-689. [PMID: 27389917 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on the incidence and characteristics of culture-negative fever following pancreas transplantation (PTx) with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction. Our study aims to better define the features of culture-negative fever, so it can be delineated from infectious fever, hopefully helping clinicians to guide antibiotic therapy in this high-risk patient population. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of postoperative fever among 198 consecutive patients undergoing PTx at our center between August 1, 2004 and December 31, 2014. Fever was classified as culture-negative if there was neither a positive culture nor a documented clinical diagnosis of infection. RESULTS Fever was identified in 113 patients; 66 were deemed to be infectious, 39 were culture-negative, and 8 were indeterminate. High body mass index of recipient (odds ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-3.03, P = 0.011) was a significant factor associated with culture-negative fever in multivariate analysis. No patients with culture-negative fever were diagnosed with infiltrates or effusion on chest radiography. In addition, an increase in white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and serum amylase was less prominent in culture-negative fever. Culture-negative fever developed most frequently at postoperative 7 or 14 days, showing a biphasic curve. CONCLUSION Culture-negative fever develops in a substantial proportion of patients early after PTx. The awareness of the possibility and clinical features of post-transplant culture-negative fever might help clinicians to guide antibiotic therapy in this high-risk patient population, especially following ATG induction and early steroid withdrawal.
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Kim YH, Kwon H, Kim J, Song KY. Distributed measurement of hydrostatic pressure based on Brillouin dynamic grating in polarization maintaining fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:21399-21406. [PMID: 27661881 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.021399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity distributed measurement of hydrostatic pressure is experimentally demonstrated by optical time-domain analysis of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) in polarization maintaining fibers (PMF's). The spectral shift of the BDG in four different types of PMF's are investigated under hydrostatic pressure variation from 14.5 psi (1 bar) to 884.7 psi (61 bar) with less than 2 m spatial resolution. The pressure sensitivity of BDG frequency is measured to be ‒1.69, + 0.65, + 0.78, and + 0.85 MHz/psi for a PM photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF), two Bow-tie fibers, and a PANDA fiber, respectively, which is about 65 to 169 times larger than that of Brillouin frequency-based pressure sensing.
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Koo HK, Jeong I, Lee SW, Park J, Kim JH, Park SY, Park HY, Rhee CK, Kim YH, Jung JY, Kim SK, Kim YH, Choi EY, Moon JY, Shin JW, Kim JW, Min KH, Kim SW, Yoo KH, Kim JH, Jang SH, Yoon HK, Kim HJ, Jung KS, Kim DK. Prevalence of chronic cough and possible causes in the general population based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4595. [PMID: 27631208 PMCID: PMC5402551 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic cough is very common, its prevalence and causes have been rarely reported in the large general population including smokers. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of possible causes of chronic cough and their clinical impact.From Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data including 119,280 adults aged over 40 years, 302 individuals with chronic cough were recruited irrespective of smoking status. Data from questionnaire, laboratory tests including spirometry, chest radiographs, and otorhinolaryngologic examination were analyzed.The prevalence of chronic cough in adults was 2.5% ± 0.2%. Current smokers occupied 47.7% ± 3.8% of study population and 46.8% ± 3.9% of the subjects showed upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). Based on spirometry, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was identified in 26.4% ± 3.5%. Asthma explained for 14.5% ± 2.8% of chronic cough. Only 4.1% ± 1.6% showed chronic laryngitis suggesting gastro-esophageal reflux-related cough. Abnormalities on chest radiography were found in 4.0% ± 1.2%. Interestingly, 50.3% ± 4.5% of study subjects had coexisting causes. In multivariate analysis, only current smoking (odds ratio [OR] 3.16, P < 0.001), UACS (OR 2.50, P < 0.001), COPD (OR 2.41, P < 0.001), asthma (OR 8.89, P < 0.001), and chest radiographic abnormalities (OR 2.74, P = 0.003) were independent risk factor for chronic cough. This pattern was not different according to smoking status excepting the prevalence of COPD.Smoking, COPD, and chest radiographic abnormalities should be considered as causes of chronic cough, along with UACS and asthma. Gastro-esophageal reflux-related cough is not prevalent in study population.
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Choi HY, Choi S, Kim YH, Lim HS. Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling Analysis of GCC-4401C, a Novel Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 5:532-543. [PMID: 27511836 PMCID: PMC5080649 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GCC‐4401C, an orally active direct factor Xa inhibitor that is similar to rivaroxaban, is currently under development for venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of GCC‐4401C by population modeling analysis and to predict proper dosage regimens compared to rivaroxaban using data from two phase I clinical studies. Plasma GCC‐4401C concentrations over time were best described by a two‐compartment linear model and body weight was associated with central volume of distribution. Relevant PD markers generally changed in a dose‐dependent manner and were described well with sigmoid, simple maximum effect, or linear models. GCC‐4401C was absorbed more rapidly than rivaroxaban. Comparisons based on simulations of PD marker changes over time suggest that 20 mg and 40 mg of GCC‐4401C administered under fasted status are comparable to 10 mg and 20 mg of rivaroxaban under fed status.
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Choi JY, Jung JH, Kwon H, Shin S, Kim YH, Han DJ. Pancreas Transplantation From Living Donors: A Single Center Experience of 20 Cases. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2413-20. [PMID: 26833623 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Living donor pancreas transplantation (LDPT) has several advantages over deceased donor pancreas transplantation (DDPT), including better HLA matching, shorter ischemic time, and shorter waiting time. It remains an attractive option for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with end stage renal disease. We reviewed 20 cases of LDPT performed in Asan Medical Center between October 1992 and March 2015. Six cases (30%) were pancreas transplantation alone (PTA), and the rest (70%) were simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK). Relations of donor and recipient were parents in 7 (35%), siblings in 6 (30%), spouse in 6 (30%), and cousin in 1 (5%). Graft survival in SPK at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 91.7%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively, and that in PTA recipients was 50%, 33.3%, 16.7%, and 16.7%, respectively (p = 0.005). Causes of graft failure in SPK were thrombosis (one case), and rejection (one case), whereas those in PTA were noncompliance (two cases), thrombosis (one case), reflux pancreatitis (one case), and chronic rejection (one case). In terms of pancreas exocrine drainage, two grafts (25%) maintained their function in bladder drainage, while all grafts maintained in enteric drainage p < 0.05). Seven (35%) donors experienced minor pancreatic juice leakage and one underwent reoperation due to postoperative hematoma. Most donors maintained normoglycemia and normal renal function. However, two donors developed DM (at 1 and 90 months postdonation), and were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Graft survival in PTA recipients was poorer than in SPK due to poor compliance and bladder drainage-related problems. The surgical and metabolic complication rates of donors can be minimized by applying strict donor criteria. Therefore, LDPT with enteric drainage is an acceptable treatment for SPK.
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Kim BY, Kim D, Kim YH, Ryoo E, Sun YH, Jeon IS, Jung MJ, Cho HK, Tchah H, Choi DY, Kim NY. Non-Responders to Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Coronary Artery Dilatation in Kawasaki Disease: Predictive Parameters in Korean Children. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:542-9. [PMID: 27482264 PMCID: PMC4965434 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.4.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives In Kawasaki disease (KD), high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) significantly lowers the coronary complications. However, some patients either do not respond to initial therapy or develop coronary complications. We aimed to identify the predictive factors for unresponsiveness to initial IVIG therapy and coronary artery dilatation (CAD; defined by Z-score≥2.5) in the acute phase and convalescent phase. Subjects and Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 703 patients with KD, admitted to Gachon University Gil Medical Center between January 2005 and June 2013. The patients were divided into two groups—IVIG responders vs. non-responders—based on the IVIG treatments, and presence of fever after treatment. Further, these groups were divided into two subgroups based on their CAD. Results Among the 703 patients with KD, the rate of non-responders to initial IVIG was 16.8%. Serum total bilirubin, platelet count, and neutrophil proportion were independent predictive parameters of unresponsiveness (p<0.05). CAD was found in 234 patients (33.3%) in the acute phase, and in 32 patients (4.6%) in the convalescent phase. Male gender, fever duration, serum C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count were related to CAD (p<0.05). CAD was detected more frequently in non-responders than in the responders (47.5% vs. 31.5%, p=0.001). Kobayashi, Egami, and Sano scoring systems applied to our study population reflected low sensitivities (28.0-33.9%). Conclusion Several independent parameters were related to unresponsiveness to the initial IVIG or CAD. These parameters might be helpful in establishing more focused and careful monitoring of high-risk KD patients in Korea.
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Zylstra AB, Herrmann HW, Johnson MG, Kim YH, Frenje JA, Hale G, Li CK, Rubery M, Paris M, Bacher A, Brune CR, Forrest C, Glebov VY, Janezic R, McNabb D, Nikroo A, Pino J, Sangster TC, Séguin FH, Seka W, Sio H, Stoeckl C, Petrasso RD. Using Inertial Fusion Implosions to Measure the T+^{3}He Fusion Cross Section at Nucleosynthesis-Relevant Energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:035002. [PMID: 27472118 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light nuclei were created during big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Standard BBN theory, using rates inferred from accelerator-beam data, cannot explain high levels of ^{6}Li in low-metallicity stars. Using high-energy-density plasmas we measure the T(^{3}He,γ)^{6}Li reaction rate, a candidate for anomalously high ^{6}Li production; we find that the rate is too low to explain the observations, and different than values used in common BBN models. This is the first data directly relevant to BBN, and also the first use of laboratory plasmas, at comparable conditions to astrophysical systems, to address a problem in nuclear astrophysics.
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Kim JH, Joo CW, Lee J, Seo YK, Han JW, Oh JY, Kim JS, Yu S, Lee JH, Lee JI, Yun C, Choi BH, Kim YH. Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Films with 1,3-Dimethyl-2-Imidazolidinone as Transparent Electrodes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1427-33. [PMID: 27377555 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) films as transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are doped with a new solvent 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and are optimized using solvent post-treatment. The DMI doped PEDOT PSS films show significantly enhanced conductivities up to 812.1 S cm(-1) . The sheet resistance of the PEDOT PSS films doped with DMI is further reduced by various solvent post-treatment. The effect of solvent post-treatment on DMI doped PEDOT PSS films is investigated and is shown to reduce insulating PSS in the conductive films. The solvent posttreated PEDOT PSS films are successfully employed as transparent electrodes in white OLEDs. It is shown that the efficiency of OLEDs with the optimized DMI doped PEDOT PSS films is higher than that of reference OLEDs doped with a conventional solvent (ethylene glycol). The results present that the optimized PEDOT PSS films with the new solvent of DMI can be a promising transparent electrode for low-cost, efficient ITO-free white OLEDs.
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Kim HL, Kim MA, Shim WJ, Oh S, Kim M, Park SM, Kim YH, Na JO, Shin MS, Yoon HJ, Shin GJ, Cho Y, Kim SE, Hong KS, Cho KI. Sex Difference in the Association Between Brachial Pulse Pressure and Coronary Artery Disease: The Korean Women's Chest Pain Registry (KoROSE). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 19:38-44. [PMID: 27364854 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the association between brachial pulse pressure (PP) and the presence/extent of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in men and women. Study data were obtained from a nation-wide registry composed of 632 patients (173 men and 459 women, 58.1±10.5 years) with suspected CAD who underwent invasive coronary angiography. PP was higher in patients with obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) than those without CAD in both sexes (P=.032 in men; P<.001 in women). However, PP increased proportionally with the increasing number of obstructed coronary arteries in women (P<.001) but not in men (P=.070). Multiple logistic-regression analyses demonstrated that higher PP (≥50.5 mm Hg) was an independent factor for determining obstructive CAD even after controlling for potential confounders in women (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-5.73; P=.004). These results were consistent in 173 selected women matched with 173 men based on age and CAD severity. In conclusion, the association between brachial PP and obstructive CAD was more pronounced in women than in men. Brachial PP can be a simple and useful indicator of CAD especially in women.
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Sasaki CT, Ho S, Kim YH. Critical Role of Central Facilitation in the Glottic Closure Reflex. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 110:401-5. [PMID: 11372921 DOI: 10.1177/000348940111000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sphincteric function of the larynx, essential to lower airway protection, is most efficiently achieved through strong reflex adduction by both vocal cords. We hypothesize that central facilitation is an essential component of a bilateral adductor reflex and that its disturbance could result in weakened sphincteric closure. Six adult 50-kg pigs underwent evoked response laryngeal electromyography under 0.5 to 1.0 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane anesthesia. The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was stimulated through bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes, and recording electrodes were positioned in the ipsilateral and contralateral thyroarytenoid muscles. Consistent threshold responses were obtained ipsilaterally from 0.5 to 1.0 MAC anesthesia. However, the contralateral reflex responses approached 0% in successive trials as anesthetic levels approached 1.0 MAC. Alteration of central facilitation by deepening anesthesia abolishes the crossed adductor reflex, predisposing to a weakened glottic closure response. A precise understanding of this effect may improve the prevention of aspiration in patients emerging from prolonged sedation or under heavy psychotropic control.
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Kim YH, Park JI, Myung CH, Lee JE, Bang S, Chang SE, Hwang JS. 1-Phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea inhibits melanogenesis via a dual-action mechanism. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:473-9. [PMID: 27278925 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea (PTTU) is a well-characterized dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor that prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degenerative neuronal disease. However, the effect of PTTU on melanogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effect of PTTU on melanogenesis and studied its mechanism of action. We found that PTTU decreased melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs). PTTU also inhibited tyrosinase catalytic activity in NHEMs. Moreover, PTTU treatment led to reduced protein levels of tyrosinase in NHEMs, while the protein levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase-related protein-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were not affected. However, PTTU treatment did not affect the mRNA expression of tyrosinase. We found that PTTU-accelerated tyrosinase degradation via the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. In summary, we found that PTTU decreased melanin biosynthesis by decreasing the enzymatic activity and stability of tyrosinase. Our results indicate that PTTU could be used as a depigmentation agent for hyperpigmentation disorder.
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Kim HL, Kim MA, Shim WJ, Park SM, Kim YH, Na JO, Shin MS, Kim YJ, Yoon HJ, Shin GJ, Cho Y, Kim SE, Hong KS, Cho KI. Reproductive Factors Predicting Angiographic Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The KoRean wOmen'S Chest Pain rEgistry (KoROSE). J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:443-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lim SY, Lee SR, Kim YH, Kim JS, Kim SH, Ahn JC, Song WH. A case of enoxaparin-induced thrombocytopaenia during treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 27:e5-e8. [PMID: 27080001 PMCID: PMC5101506 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia is a life-threatening complication, affecting the morbidity and mortality of the patient if not properly treated. We report a case of a 75-year-old female patient who experienced enoxaparininduced thrombocytopaenia during medical treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to thrombotic total occlusion in the large right coronary artery.
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Song JH, Kim YH, Lee SC, Kim MH, Lee JH. Inhibitory Effect of Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 56:49-55. [PMID: 27058958 DOI: 10.1159/000444929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin on laser-induced experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a rat model. METHODS Male brown Norway rats were anesthetized, and a diode laser was used to break Bruch's membrane. One week later, each rat was intravitreally injected with 5 µl of 15 mg/ml chrysin, and CNV development was determined by fluorescein angiography at 2 weeks. The effect of chrysin on experimental CNV was assessed by fluorescein angiography and histology. RESULTS Two weeks after laser treatment, the intensity of fluorescein leakage from the photocoagulated lesions decreased significantly compared with the control group (p = 0.044). When the lesions were categorized into low- and high-leakage groups, there was a significant correlation between chrysin treatment and degree of leakage (p = 0.028). Compared with the chrysin-treated group, the relative risk of developing high-leakage lesions in the control group was 3.18. The mean CNV thickness was significantly thinner in chrysin-treated eyes than in control eyes (34.13 ±.0.88 vs. 37.76 ± 0.90 μm, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Chrysin has an inhibitory effect on CNV in an experimental rat model, indicating that chrysin should be further evaluated for its potential as a therapy for CNV in age-related macular degeneration and in other vision-threatening conditions associated with CNV.
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Lee SH, Kim SY, Kim DS, Kim YW, Chung MP, Uh ST, Park CS, Jeong SH, Park YB, Lee HL, Shin JW, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Jegal Y, Lee HK, Kim YH, Song JW, Park MS. Comparisons of Prognosis between Surgically and Clinically Diagnosed Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Gap Model: A Korean National Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3105. [PMID: 26986154 PMCID: PMC4839935 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a multidisciplinary approach has become an important criterion for an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis, lung biopsies remain crucial. However, the prognosis of patients with surgically diagnosed IPF (sIPF) is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with clinically diagnosed IPF (cIPF) and sIPF. In this retrospective observational study, the Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group conducted a national survey to evaluate the clinical, physiological, radiological, and survival characteristics of patients with IPF from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007. Patients were recruited from 54 universities and teaching hospitals across the Republic of Korea. IPF diagnoses were established according to the 2002 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society criteria (ERS) guideline. A total of 1685 patients with IPF (1027 cIPF and 658 sIPF) were enrolled. Patients with sIPF were significantly younger, predominantly female, and nonsmokers (all P < 0.001). sIPF group had significantly better initial pulmonary function. The proportion of computed tomography-based honeycomb findings of patients with cIPF was higher than in those with sIPF (P < 0.001). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the sIPF group had a better prognosis (P = 0.001). A survival analysis showed that age, pulmonary function parameters, pulmonary oxygen tension, honeycombing change, and combined lung cancer had a significant influence on patient prognosis. However, there was no significant difference in prognosis between the cIPF and sIPF groups after adjusting for GAP (gender, age, physiology) stage. The patients with sIPF had better clinical features than those with cIPF. However, after adjusting for GAP stage, the sIPF group showed similar prognoses as the cIPF group. This study showed that after adjusting for GAP stage, the prognosis of patients with IPF is the same regardless of the diagnostic method used.
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Kim YH, Hwang KT, Kim JT, Kim SW. What is the ideal interval between dressing changes during negative pressure wound therapy for open traumatic fractures? J Wound Care 2016; 24:536, 538-40, 542. [PMID: 26551646 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.11.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is effective in infection control during treatment of severe open fractures. However frequent dressing changes during NPWT are costly and cause patient discomfort. If the interval between dressing changes could be extended, these problems would be reduced. In this article we compare the outcomes of open IIIB fractures with 3-day versus 7-day intervals between dressing changes. METHOD Patients who sustained Gustilo IIIB open fractures were included. All underwent conventional orthopaedic fixation with delayed latissimus dorsi flap coverage. Group 1 had 3-day intervals between dressing changes and group 2 had 7-day intervals. The final outcomes in the two groups were analysed. RESULTS There were 38 patients in group 1 and 34 patients in group 2. Although the period between admission and final operation was similar in the two groups, the mean number of NPWT changes was 4.54 in 3 day in group 1 and 1.95 in group 2 (p<0.001). This led to a difference in NPWT-related costs; $341.26 in group 1 and $237.49 in group 2 (p<0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of complications such as infection or non-union of fractures. CONCLUSION NPWT is useful treatment option for open fractures, to bridge between initial debridement and final microsurgical tissue transfer. Considering patient comfort, the costs related to the NPWT, and the final flap results, a 7-day interval between changes of the NPWT is acceptable.
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Kwon HJ, Kim JM, Han KI, Jung EG, Kim YH, Patnaik BB, Yoon MS, Chung SK, Kim WJ, Han MD. Mutan: A mixed linkage α-[(1,3)- and (1,6)]-d-glucan from Streptococcus mutans, that induces osteoclast differentiation and promotes alveolar bone loss. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:561-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Baek S, Kang G, Shin D, Bae K, Kim YH, Kim K. Improvement of Light Extraction Efficiency in Flip-Chip Light Emitting Diodes on SiC Substrate via Transparent Haze Films with Morphology-Controlled Collapsed Alumina Nanorods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:135-41. [PMID: 26690377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate GaN-based flip-chip light emitting diodes (FC-LEDs) on SiC substrate achieving high extraction efficiency by simply attaching the optically transparent haze films consisting of collapsed alumina nanorods. Through controlled etching time of alumina nanorods, we obtain four types of films that have different morphologies with different optical transmittance and haze properties. We show that the light output power of the FC-LEDs with film, which has 95.6% transmittance and 62.7% haze, increases by 20.4% in comparison to the bare LEDs. The angular radiation pattern of the LEDs also follows the Lambertian emission pattern without deteriorating the electrical properties of the device. The improvement of light extraction is mainly attributed to the reduced total internal reflection (TIR) via efficient out-coupling of guided light from SiC substrate to air by collapsed alumina nanorod structures in the film. The high transparency of film and reduced Fresnel reflection via graded refractive index transition between the film and SiC substrate also contribute to the extraction enhancement of the device. We systematically investigate the influence of haze film's geometrical or optical properties on the extraction efficiency of FC-LEDs, and this study will provide a novel approach to enhance the performance of various optoelectronic devices.
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Kang JY, Jo MR, Kang HH, Kim SK, Kim MS, Kim YH, Kim SC, Kwon SS, Lee SY, Kim JW. Long-term azithromycin ameliorates not only airway inflammation but also remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 36:37-45. [PMID: 26778828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of long-term treatment with azithromycin on the pathogenesis of chronic asthma with airway remodeling. METHODS Six-week-old-BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 1 month, then challenged with OVA for 3 months. Azithromycin at 75 mg/kg was administered via oral gavage five times a week during the challenge period. Inflammatory cells, T helper 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were measured. Parameters related to airway remodeling were evaluated. The levels of neutrophil elastase, Interleukin (IL)-8, and BRP-39 (human homologue YKL-40) were assessed. The expression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling were investigated. RESULTS Long-term treatment with azithromycin improved AHR and airway inflammation compared with the OVA and the OVA/LPS groups. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in the OVA/LPS group decreased significantly after azithromycin administration. The levels of neutrophil elastase and IL-8, as surrogate markers of neutrophil activation, were reduced in the azithromycin group compared with the OVA/LPS group. Goblet cell hyperplasia and the smooth muscle thickening of airway remodeling were attenuated after azithromycin treatment. The expression of MAPK/NF-kappaB signal and the level of BRP-39 in the lung decreased remarkably in the OVA/LPS with azithromycin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in a murine model of chronic asthma, long-term azithromycin treatment ameliorates not only airway inflammation but also airway remodeling by influencing on neutrophilc-related mediators, BRP-39 and MAPK/NF-κB signal pathways. Macrolide therapy might be an effective adjuvant therapy in a chronic, severe asthma with remodeling airway.
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Kim KH, Hosseindoust A, Ingale SL, Lee SH, Noh HS, Choi YH, Jeon SM, Kim YH, Chae BJ. Effects of Gestational Housing on Reproductive Performance and Behavior of Sows with Different Backfat Thickness. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:142-8. [PMID: 26732338 PMCID: PMC4698681 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of back-fat thickness at d 107 of gestation and housing types during gestation on reproductive performance and behavior of sows. A total of 64 crossbred sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) in their 3 to 4 parities were allotted to one of four treatments (n = 16) over two consecutive parities. During each parity, sows were assigned to two gestational housing types (stall or group housing) and two level of back-fat thickness (<20 or ≥20) at d 107 of gestation. Gestating sows were transferred from gestational crates to stalls or pens (group housing) 5 weeks before farrowing. All sows were moved to farrowing crates on d 109 of gestation. At weaning, back-fat thickness changes were lesser (p<0.05) in sows having back-fat thickness <20 mm than that of sows with ≥20 mm back-fat thickness at 107 d of gestation. Group housed sows had greater (p<0.05) feed intake and shorter (p<0.05) weaning-to-estrus interval than that of sows in stalls. At weaning, back-fat thickness changes were lesser (p<0.05) in group housed sows than that of sows in stalls. The number of piglets at weaning, growth rate and average daily gain were greater (p<0.05) in group housed sows than that of sows in stalls. During gestation, walking duration was more (p<0.05) in group housed sows. Group housed sows had lesser (p<0.05) farrowing duration and greater (p<0.05) eating time than that of sows in stalls. Result obtained in present study indicated that sows with ≥20 mm back-fat thickness at 107 days had better reproductive performance. Additionally, group housing of sows during last five week of gestation improved the performance and behavior and reproductive efficiency of sows.
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Kim SW, Kim YH, Chung SA. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Monocular Elevation Deficiency. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yun IS, Lee JD, Kim YH, Ahn JH. Ahmed Valve Implant Surgery with Adjunctive Mitomycin C and Selective 5-Fluorouracil Injection. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.3.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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191
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Jin HS, Kim YH, Yun IS, Ahn JH. Treatment of Recurred Iris Cyst with Laser Photocoagulation and Cystotomy. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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192
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Kim SW, Kim YH, Yun IS, Ahn JH. Surgical Treatment for Tube Erosion after Ahmed Valve Implantation. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.3.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rhee CK, Jung JY, Lee SW, Kim JH, Park SY, Yoo KH, Park DA, Koo HK, Kim YH, Jeong I, Kim JH, Kim DK, Kim SK, Kim YH, Park J, Choi EY, Jung KS, Kim HJ. The Korean Cough Guideline: Recommendation and Summary Statement. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 79:14-21. [PMID: 26770230 PMCID: PMC4701789 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2016.79.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough is one of the most common symptom of many respiratory diseases. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases organized cough guideline committee and cough guideline was developed by this committee. The purpose of this guideline is to help clinicians to diagnose correctly and treat efficiently patients with cough. In this article, we have stated recommendation and summary of Korean cough guideline. We also provided algorithm for acute, subacute, and chronic cough. For chronic cough, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), cough variant asthma (CVA), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be considered. If UACS is suspicious, first generation anti-histamine and nasal decongestant can be used empirically. In CVA, inhaled corticosteroid is recommended in order to improve cough. In GERD, proton pump inhibitor is recommended in order to improve cough. Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, lung cancer, aspiration, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, habit, psychogenic cough, interstitial lung disease, environmental and occupational factor, tuberculosis, obstructive sleep apnea, peritoneal dialysis, and idiopathic cough can be also considered as cause of chronic cough. Level of evidence for treatment is mostly low. Thus, in this guideline, many recommendations are based on expert opinion. Further study regarding treatment for cough is mandatory.
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Kim YH, Sathiyanarayanan G, Kim HJ, Bhatia SK, Seo HM, Kim JH, Song HS, Kim YG, Park K, Yang YH. A Liquid-Based Colorimetric Assay of Lysine Decarboxylase and Its Application to Enzymatic Assay. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 25:2110-5. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1505.05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Kim YH, Lee K, Song KY. Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis with more than 1 million effective sensing points based on differential measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:33241-33248. [PMID: 26831990 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.033241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large increase of effective sensing points in Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA) is achieved by simultaneously applying double modulation and optical time gate based on differential measurement scheme. The noise substructure of Brillouin gain spectrum induced by the double modulation is effectively suppressed by the differential measurement, leading to 2,000 times enlargement of the measurement range. Distributed strain and temperature sensing along a 10.5 km fiber with spatial resolution of less than 1 cm is experimentally demonstrated which corresponds to over 1 million effective sensing points.
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Seo JH, Lee KN, Park SH, Choi CW, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS. Retinoic Acid as a Radiosensitizer on the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 33:335-42. [PMID: 26680805 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoic acid is a substance that has previously been reported to increase radiosensitivity, but at concentrations likely to inhibit cell growth or to induce celluar differentiation. We choose head and neck cancer cell lines to investigate the role of retinoic acid as a radiosensitizer and to elucidate the mechanism through the changes in the expression of retinoid receptors and squamous cell differentiation marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three cell lines (PCI-50, SqCC/ Y1 and UMSCC-11B) were used. 7-AAD staining for apoptosis and Western blot analysis for RAR-alpha, beta, gamma, RXR-alpha, beta, gamma and involucrin were performed after various treatments (control, beta-all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) only (10 6 M), radiation only (3 Gy), radiation with t-RA). RESULTS The synergistic radiosensitivity effect of t-RA was seen only radioresistant UMSCC-11B cell line. Expression of RAR-beta was induced by t-RA in maily UMSCC- 11B cell line. RAR-alpha,gamma, and RXR-alpha, beta, gamma expression were not changed in all cell lines tested. Expression of involucrin was inhibited by t-RA in PCI-50 cell line but other two cell lines were not changed by t-RA treatment. CONCLUSION We found that only radioresistant cell line (UMSCC-11B) showed synergistic radiosensitivity effect by t-RA and this mechanism may be through RAR-beta expression induction.
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Seon HJ, Kim YI, Lim SC, Kim YH, Kwon YS. Clinical significance of residual lesions in chest computed tomography after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 18:341-6. [PMID: 24670573 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical significance of residual lesions in chest computed tomography (CT) findings at the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 66 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) who were proven bacteriologically and/or histologically between March 2009 and December 2011. All patients were treated with standard short-course chemotherapy. Chest CT scans were performed before and after treatment. We assessed the residual lesions according to the response to treatment: possible active, equivocal and no active lesions. RESULTS The most common CT finding before anti-tuberculosis treatment was bronchogenic spreading inflammation, such as the tree-in-bud appearance. After completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment, regression of the initial parenchymal findings was found in all types of PTB lesions except consolidations. According to the treatment response, 33 (50%) patients had possible active lesions, 5 (8%) had equivocal lesions and 28 (42%) had no active lesions. However, no lesions progressed during a median follow-up of 15 months (interquartile range 10-21 months) after treatment completion, and no patient relapsed during this period. CONCLUSIONS If initial parenchymal lesions regressed after sufficient TB treatment, residual lesions were not suggestive of persistent activity or the possibility of early relapse of PTB.
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Choi BH, Cho HK, Jung JH, Choi JY, Shin S, Kim YH, Han DJ. How to reduce lethal infectious complications in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:653-9. [PMID: 25891705 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO-incompatible organ transplants are good options for expanding the living donor pool; however, the necessary pre-conditioning to remove ABO antibodies before surgery can evoke critical infectious complications after surgery. METHODS Between February 2009 and July 2013, we performed ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation on 182 patients. We analyzed the first 85 patients for post-operative infectious complications in a cross-sectional cohort of patients (group 1, n = 85) who had received an ABO-incompatible kidney transplant and, in light of the results, amended the pre-conditioning (lower dose of rituximab, selective use of calcineurin inhibitors, anti-metabolite reduction, and prophylactic strategy) given to a prospective cohort (group 2, n = 97). RESULTS The characteristics of the two groups did not differ significantly. Infectious complications decreased significantly in group 2, including cytomegalovirus (anti-genemia 64.7% vs 27.8%, P < .001) and BK viremia (35.2% vs 18.6%, P = .008). The acute rejection rate and death-censored graft survival were similar in both groups. Notably, with the modified protocol, there were no deaths (8.2% vs 0.0%, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Pre-conditioning for ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation is a prerequisite for successful outcome; its drawbacks can be limited with the use of a modified immunosuppressive strategy. If immunosuppression is modified according to host conditions, ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation can be performed safely with a successful graft outcome.
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Lim JU, Yeo CD, Rhee CK, Kim YH, Park CK, Kim JS, Kim JW, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Yoon HK, Kim TJ, Lee KY. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Related Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Exhibits a Low Prevalence of EGFR and ALK Driver Mutations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142306. [PMID: 26555338 PMCID: PMC4640806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two major lung diseases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements represent driver mutations that are frequently assessed on initial evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study focused on the expression of driver mutations in NSCLC patients presenting with COPD and further evaluated the association between NSCLC and COPD. Data from 501 consecutive patients with histologically proven recurrent or metastatic NSCLC were analyzed retrospectively. The patients underwent spirometry and genotyping of EGFR, ALK, and KRAS in tissue samples. Patient characteristics and expression of driver mutations were compared between the COPD and non-COPD groups. Among 350 patients with spirometric results, 106 (30.3%) were diagnosed with COPD, 108 (30.9%) had EGFR mutations, 31 (8.9%) had KRAS mutations, and 34 (9.7%) showed ALK rearrangements. COPD was independently associated with lower prevalences of EGFR mutations (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.254-0.931, p = 0.029) and ALK rearrangements (95% CI, 0.065-0.600, p = 0.004). The proportions of EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements decreased as the severity of airflow obstruction increased (p = 0.001). In never smokers, the prevalence of EGFR mutations was significantly lower in the COPD group than in the non-COPD group (12.7% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.002). COPD-related NSCLC patients exhibited low prevalences of EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements compared with the non-COPD group. Further studies are required regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer associated with COPD.
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Shin JS, Kim JM, Kim JS, Min BH, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Yoon IH, Kang HJ, Kim J, Hwang ES, Lim DG, Lee WW, Ha J, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim SJ, Park CG. Long-term control of diabetes in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates (NHP) by the transplantation of adult porcine islets. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2837-50. [PMID: 26096041 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pig islets are an alternative source for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reproducible curative potential in the pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) model has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that pig islet grafts survived and maintained normoglycemia for >6 months in four of five consecutive immunosuppressed NHPs. Pig islets were isolated from designated pathogen-free (DPF) miniature pigs and infused intraportally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys under pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and maintenance with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody and low-dose sirolimus. Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells were adoptively transferred in three recipients. Blood glucose levels were promptly normalized in all five monkeys and normoglycemia (90-110 mg/dL) was maintained for >6 months in four cases, the longest currently up to 603 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests during the follow-up period showed excellent glucose disposal capacity and porcine C-peptide responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells was likely to be associated with more stable and durable normoglycemia. Importantly, the recipients showed no serious adverse effects. Taken together, our results confirm the clinical feasibility of pig islet transplantation to treat T1D patients without the need for excessive immunosuppressive therapy.
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