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Abstract
Caffeine was used to study the intracellular Ca2+ pools of bovine chromaffin cells. Its effects on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined using fura-2. Caffeine caused a transient increase in [Ca2+]i in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. In the former case, the caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i increase was higher and stayed above the basal value for several minutes. In the latter case, the [Ca2+]i rise was lower and fell to the basal level within 1 min. These results suggest that caffeine increases [Ca2+]i by causing both Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from intracellular pools. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, ionomycin but not caffeine caused a further increase in [Ca2+]i in cells that had been treated with caffeine. Apparently there are at least two intracellular Ca2+ pools, only one of which is sensitive to caffeine. The caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i rise became smaller when the cells were pretreated with the inositol trisphosphate-generating agonists, methacholine and bradykinin. In addition, methacholine was unable to initiate a [Ca2+]i transient after the cells had been treated with caffeine. The results indicate that the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ pools overlap with the inositol trisphosphate-sensitive pool and that the size of the latter pool is smaller than that of the former. The caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ pools were refilled after high K+ treatment, which suggests that the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ pools may be important in buffering the cytosolic Ca2+. The effect of caffeine on [Ca2+]i is not due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Our results support a Ca2+ entry model in which depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools controls the rate of Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane.
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152
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Lin YJ, Luo M, Laver WG, Air GM, Smith CD, Webster RG. New crystalline forms of neuraminidase of type B human influenza virus. J Mol Biol 1990; 214:639-40. [PMID: 2388263 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90281-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New crystalline forms of tetrameric neuraminidase heads from two strains (B/Lee/40 and B/mem/89) of type B human influenza virus were obtained and the crystals diffracted using X-rays to 2.5 A resolution without lattice disorder. The new B/Lee/40 crystalline form is tetragonal, space group P42(1)2, with unit cell dimensions a = 123.8 A, c = 71.8 A. The B/mem/89 crystalline form is also tetragonal, space group I422, with unit cell dimensions a = 122.9 A, c = 164.4 A. There is one neuraminidase monomer per asymmetric unit in both forms.
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153
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DeSalva SJ, Kong BM, Lin YJ. Triclosan: a safety profile. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 1989; 2 Spec No:185-96. [PMID: 2638179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (2, 4, 4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether), an antimicrobial agent, has been used extensively for 20 years in consumer products, principally in deodorants, soaps and other dermatological preparations. Recently, the use of triclosan has been extended to oral health care products such as dentifrices. This paper reviews safety information, both pre-clinical and clinical studies, from the literature, data submitted to the Antimicrobial I OTC Review Panel and unpublished work from the Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of the Colgate-Palmolive Company. The data spans acute, subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity; mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproduction/teratology and pharmacokinetics. Results of these studies show that triclosan is well tolerated by a variety of species including man. In clinical studies with triclosan in solutions and dentifrices, a steady state was reached by day 7 with blood levels in the parts per billion (ppb) range and urine as the main route of excretion. Based on these studies, triclosan can be considered safe for use in dentifrice and mouthrinse products.
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154
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Wu HN, Lin YJ, Lin FP, Makino S, Chang MF, Lai MM. Human hepatitis delta virus RNA subfragments contain an autocleavage activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:1831-5. [PMID: 2648383 PMCID: PMC286798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.6.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains a single-stranded circular RNA genome of 1.7 kilobases. In this report we demonstrate that subfragments of HDV RNA can undergo autocatalytic cleavage. This cleavage requires at least 500 microM of Mg2+ or Ca2+, is not affected by varying the pH from 5.0 to 9.1, and occurs with RNA fragments as small as 133 nucleotides. The larger RNA fragments containing additional HDV sequences have a lower efficiency of cleavage. Deletion analysis at both ends of RNA subfragments suggested that the catalytic ability of HDV RNA resides in a stretch of no more than 117 nucleotides around the cleavage site. The cleavage occurs at the phosphodiester bond between nucleotides 688 and 689 on the HDV genomic map, generating a 5' fragment with a terminal uridyl 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate residue and a 3' fragment with a guanosyl residue with a 5'-hydroxyl group. The smallest autocleaving RNA does not contain the "hammerhead" sequence required for the autocleavage of other known self-cleaving RNA. The cleavage of HDV RNA occurs at a much faster rate, even at a very low Mg2+ concentration, than that of other "ribozymes." Thus, HDV RNA represents a distinct class of ribozyme.
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155
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Zaslav AL, Steinberg BM, Stamberg J, Lin YJ, Abramson AL. Chromosomal analysis of recurrent laryngeal papillomas. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD & NECK SURGERY 1988; 114:1170-4. [PMID: 2843205 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1988.01860220104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent laryngeal papillomas are tumors believed to be induced by human papillomaviruses. Severity of this disease varies due to the unpredictability of clinical remissions and recurrences. However, the severity of the disease does not affect the classification of these tumors as benign, and the rate of spontaneous conversion of recurrent laryngeal papillomas to carcinomas is very low. Laryngeal papillomas from six patients were evaluated cytogenetically after short-term culture. All six specimens were chromosomally normal, consistent with their classification as benign tumors with a low rate of malignant conversion. The presence of human papillomaviruses has no detectable effect on the chromosomes of these tumors.
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156
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Lin YJ, Chen GR, Zhang SG. [Surgical treatment of carotid body tumors]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1988; 26:162-4, 191. [PMID: 3197554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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157
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Dong YR, Lin YJ, Li YH. [Stereotactic thalamotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1987; 25:428-9, 446-7. [PMID: 3315508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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158
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Pan KZ, Lin YJ, Fu ZJ, Zhou KJ, Cai ZP, Chen ZW, Zhang YM, Dong YC, Wu S, Ma XQ. The three-dimensional structure of trichosanthin molecule. SCIENTIA SINICA. SERIES B, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL, MEDICAL & EARTH SCIENCES 1987; 30:386-94. [PMID: 3659895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A model completed recently of two trichosanthin molecules in an asymmetric unit belonging to the monoclinic system is reported. It can be seen that the molecular structure consists of two domains, one large and one small, and that there are some features in the secondary structure. The dissimilarity between two molecules as well as their interactions in an independent unit correlated in a non-symmetric way has been described, moreover, the binding sites of the heavyatom position in the derivatives are also discussed.
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159
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Yam J, Booman KA, Broddle W, Geiger L, Heinze JE, Lin YJ, McCarthy K, Reiss S, Sawin V, Sedlak RI. Surfactants: a survey of short-term genotoxicity testing. Food Chem Toxicol 1984; 22:761-9. [PMID: 6386631 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The available results for tests on over 200 surfactants in nine short-term genotoxicity assay systems were reviewed. These tests included the Salmonella/microsome mutation assay, bacterial DNA repair tests, mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mouse lymphoma cell-mutation assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis and sister chromatid exchange assays in mammalian cells, mammalian chromosome damage tests in vitro and in vivo, the dominant lethal test in rodents, and mammalian cell-transformation tests. The collected data cover all four major classes of surfactants: anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric. The results of these genotoxicity tests were overwhelmingly negative. Although there were occasional positive results in bacterial or cell-transformation systems, the testing performed to date indicates that surfactants have negligible potential to cause genetic damage. The available data also indicate that none of the assays were incompatible with testing surfactants for genotoxicity.
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160
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Lin YJ, Schanker LS. Pulmonary absorption of glucose analogs in the rat. Drug Metab Dispos 1983; 11:273-4. [PMID: 6135587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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161
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Lin YJ, Schanker LS. Pulmonary absorption and lung slice uptake of a foreign amino acid--species comparison. Drug Metab Dispos 1983; 11:75-6. [PMID: 6132803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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162
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Dong YR, Lin YJ, Li YH. [Transplantation of free omental flaps to the brain surface by microvascular technic for cerebral ischemic stroke (author's transl)]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1982; 20:8-10. [PMID: 7075388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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163
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164
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Lin YJ, Schanker LS. Pulmonary absorption of amino acids in the rat: evidence of carrier transport. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 240:C215-21. [PMID: 7235002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1981.240.5.c215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the absorption of nonmetabolized amino acids from the rat lung, 0.1 ml of Krebs-Ringer phosphate solution containing either 14C-labeled 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cycloleucine) or alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was administered to anesthetized animals by way of a catheter introduced through a tight-fitting tracheal cannula. After various times, lungs were removed and assayed for the amount of amino acid that remained. Cycloleucine appeared to be absorbed by a combination of at least two processes: saturable carrier-type transport and a nonsaturable process. The saturable process was inhibited to varying degrees by a number of L- and D-amino acids but not by D-ornithine, betaine, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, phenol red, disodium cromoglycate, or tetraethylammonium. The nonsaturable process appeared to be too rapid to be accounted for by diffusion alone, thus suggesting interaction with a second carrier system of high capacity. Although AIB was a weak inhibitor of cycloleucine transport, it appeared to be absorbed solely by a nonsaturable process at a rate consistent with diffusion through aqueous membrane channels.
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165
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Lin YJ. Fine structure of meiotic prophase chromosomes and modified synaptonemal complexes in diploid and triploid Rhoeo spathacea. J Cell Sci 1979; 37:69-84. [PMID: 479329 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.37.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) in the diploid Rhoeo consists of 2 amorphous lateral elements, each about 46.0 nm thick, and one amorphous central element about 30.0 nm thick. The central region is about 115.0 nm wide. SC in the triploid have essentially the same dimensions as those of the diploid; both lateral (46.0 nm) and central (30.0 nm) elements are amorphous, and the central region is about 117.5 nm wide. The coil, observed in both diploid and triploid, is a modified short segment of SC with several twists at the end of a synapsed bivalent that is attached to the nuclear membrane. Serial sections in a diploid cell reveal that a coil extends inwards about 3.5 micron from the nuclear membrane and makes a complete turn at a distance of every 0.5 micron. There is a correlation between the modified ends of SC and terminal chiasmata in Rhoeo. The coils might have a positive role in the process of crossing over, or alternatively might be involved in ring formation by holding chromosome ends together while chiasmata are not involved. SC are present in chromocentres of both diploid and triploid. Chromocentres in diploid and triploid are indistinguishable, and appear to be formed from the aggregation of pericentromeric heterochromatin as a result of translocations which occured close to the centromeres. 3-dimensional hypothetical pachytene configuration of the diploid is presented.
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166
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Lin YJ, Weidler DJ, Garg DC, Wagner JG. Novel method of estimating volume of distribution of a drug obeying Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 1978; 6:197-207. [PMID: 671226 DOI: 10.1007/bf01312262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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167
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Wilkinson PK, Sedman AJ, Sakmar E, Lin YJ, Wagner JG. Fasting and nonfasting blood ethanol concentrations following repeated oral administration of ethanol to one adult male subject. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 1977; 5:41-52. [PMID: 845791 DOI: 10.1007/bf01064808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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168
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Wagner JG, Weidler DJ, Lin YJ. New method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions applied to ethanol-propranolol. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 13:9-18. [PMID: 1257604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for detecting and quantitating pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions is described. The method involves perturbation of an existing steady-state whole blood (or plasma) concentration of one drug by the other drug. The method would allow differentiation of "pharmacokinetic" drug interactions from "pharmacologic" interactions. It is shown that a bolus intravenous injection of propranolol reduced a steady-state arterial blood concentration of ethyl alcohol by 26% in the cat.
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169
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Lin JY, Lin YJ, Chen CC, Wu HL, Shi GY, Jeng TW. Cardiotoxic protein from edible mushrooms. Nature 1974; 252:235-7. [PMID: 4472852 DOI: 10.1038/252235a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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170
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Lin YJ, Awazu S, Hanano M, Nogami H. Pharmacokinetic aspects of elimination from plasma and distribution to brain and liver of barbiturates in rat. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1973; 21:2749-56. [PMID: 4783170 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.21.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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