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Schnell HM, Walsh RM, Rawson S, Hanna J. Chaperone-mediated assembly of the proteasome core particle - recent developments and structural insights. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275096. [PMID: 35451017 PMCID: PMC9080555 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of cellular activity is mediated by large multisubunit complexes. However, many of these complexes are too complicated to assemble spontaneously. Instead, their biogenesis is facilitated by dedicated chaperone proteins, which are themselves excluded from the final product. This is the case for the proteasome, a ubiquitous and highly conserved cellular regulator that mediates most selective intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotes. The proteasome consists of two subcomplexes: the core particle (CP), where proteolysis occurs, and the regulatory particle (RP), which controls substrate access to the CP. Ten chaperones function in proteasome biogenesis. Here, we review the pathway of CP biogenesis, which requires five of these chaperones and proceeds through a highly ordered multistep pathway. We focus on recent advances in our understanding of CP assembly, with an emphasis on structural insights. This pathway of CP biogenesis represents one of the most dramatic examples of chaperone-mediated assembly and provides a paradigm for understanding how large multisubunit complexes can be produced.
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Nain A, Kumar M, Banerjee M. Oligomers of hepatitis A virus (HAV) capsid protein VP1 generated in a heterologous expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:53. [PMID: 35392916 PMCID: PMC8991588 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quasi-enveloped picornavirus, Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), causes acute hepatitis in humans and infects approximately 1.5 million individuals a year, which does not include the asymptomatically infected population. Several severe outbreaks in developing nations in recent years have highlighted the reduction in HAV endemicity, which increases the risk of infections in the vulnerable population. The current HAV vaccines are based on growing wildtype or attenuated virus in cell culture, which raises the cost of production. For generation of cheaper, subunit vaccines or strategies for antibody-based diagnostics, production of viral structural proteins in recombinant form in easily accessible expression systems is a priority. Results We attempted several strategies for recombinant production of one of the major capsid proteins VP1, from HAV, in the E. coli expression system. Several efforts resulted in the formation of soluble aggregates or tight association of VP1 with the bacterial chaperone GroEL. Correctly folded VP1 was eventually generated in a discrete oligomeric form upon purification of the protein from inclusion bodies and refolding. The oligomers resemble oligomers of capsid proteins from other picornaviruses and appear to have the correct secondary and antigenic surface structure. Conclusions VP1 oligomers generated in the bacterial expression system can be utilized for understanding the molecular pathway of HAV capsid assembly and may also have potential biomedical usages in prevention and diagnostics of HAV infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01780-x.
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Interactions of intrinsically disordered proteins with the unconventional chaperone human serum albumin: From mechanisms of amyloid inhibition to therapeutic opportunities. Biophys Chem 2022; 282:106743. [PMID: 35093643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human Serum Albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, serves a diverse repertoire of biological functions including regulation of oncotic pressure and redox potential, transport of serum solutes, but also chaperoning of misfolded proteins. Here we review how HSA interacts with a wide spectrum of client proteins including intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) such as Aβ, the islet amyloid peptide (IAPP), alpha synuclein and stressed globular proteins such as insulin. The comparative analysis of the HSA chaperone - client interactions reveals that the amyloid-inhibitory function of HSA arises from at least four emerging mechanisms. Two mechanisms (the monomer stabilizer model and the monomer competitor model) involve the direct binding of HSA to either IDP monomers or oligomers, while other mechanisms (metal chelation and membrane protection) rely on the indirect modulation by HSA of other factors that drive IDP aggregation. While HSA is not the only extracellular chaperone, given its abundance, HSA is likely to account for a significant fraction of the chaperoning effects in plasma, thus opening new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the peripheral sink hypothesis.
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Biswas P, Dai Y, Stuehr DJ. Indoleamine dioxygenase and tryptophan dioxygenase activities are regulated through GAPDH- and Hsp90-dependent control of their heme levels. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:179-190. [PMID: 35051612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and Tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygense (TDO) are heme-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the conversion of tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine and thus enable generation of l-kynurenine and related metabolites that govern the immune response and broadly impact human biology. Given that TDO and IDO1 activities are directly proportional to their heme contents, it is important to understand their heme delivery and insertion processes. Early studies established that TDO and IDO1 heme levels are sub-saturating in vivo and subject to change but did not identify the cellular mechanisms that provide their heme or enable dynamic changes in their heme contents. We investigated the potential involvement of GAPDH and chaperone Hsp90, based on our previous studies linking these proteins to intracellular heme allocation. We studied heme delivery and insertion into IDO1 and TDO expressed in both normal and heme-deficient HEK293T cells and into IDO1 naturally expressed in HeLa cells in response to IFN-γ, and also investigated the interactions of TDO and IDO1 with GAPDH and Hsp90 in cells and among their purified forms. We found that GAPDH delivered both mitochondrially-generated and exogenous heme to apo-IDO1 and apo-TDO in cells, potentially through a direct interaction with either enzyme. In contrast, we found Hsp90 interacted with apo-IDO1 but not with apo-TDO, and was only needed to drive heme insertion into apo-IDO1. By uncovering the cellular processes that allocate heme to IDO1 and TDO, our study provides new insight on how their activities and l-kynurenine production may be controlled in health and disease.
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Kuraitis D, Murina A. Chaperone use among dermatology residents and attendings is influenced by gender. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:858-859. [PMID: 35028402 PMCID: PMC8714599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tych K, Rief M. Using Single-Molecule Optical Tweezers to Study the Conformational Cycle of the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2478:401-425. [PMID: 36063329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2229-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family of chaperones are well-known, highly important components of the cellular systems which regulate protein homeostasis. Essential in eukaryotes, Hsp90s is also found in prokaryotes, including archaea. Hsp90 is a dimeric protein, with each monomer consisting of three separate structural domains, and undergoes large conformational changes as part of its functional cycle. This cycle is driven by interactions with nucleotides, cochaperone proteins, client proteins and allosteric effects enacted by these and by posttranslational modifications. All of these influence the rate and degree of the opening and closing of the dimer as well as the relative domain orientations and its overall rigidity. Optical tweezers, which can access many of these functionally important conformational changes, therefore provide a unique tool for the study of this large and complex molecular chaperone. Here, we provide protocols for the design and implementation of different Hsp90 constructs and optical tweezers experiments for addressing the many open questions about the function of this important molecular chaperone.
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Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (HOP/STI1/STIP1) regulates the accumulation and toxicity of α-synuclein in vivo. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:881-910. [PMID: 36121476 PMCID: PMC9547791 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The predominantly pre-synaptic intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein is prone to misfolding and aggregation in synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Molecular chaperones play important roles in protein misfolding diseases and members of the chaperone machinery are often deposited in Lewy bodies. Here, we show that the Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1 co-immunoprecipitated α-synuclein, and co-deposited with Hsp90 and Hsp70 in insoluble protein fractions in two mouse models of α-synuclein misfolding. STI1 and Hsp90 also co-localized extensively with filamentous S129 phosphorylated α-synuclein in ubiquitin-positive inclusions. In PD human brains, STI1 transcripts were increased, and in neurologically healthy brains, STI1 and α-synuclein transcripts correlated. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses revealed direct interaction of α-synuclein with STI1 and indicated that the STI1 TPR2A, but not TPR1 or TPR2B domains, interacted with the C-terminal domain of α-synuclein. In vitro, the STI1 TPR2A domain facilitated S129 phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 3. Moreover, mice over-expressing STI1 and Hsp90ß presented elevated α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation accompanied by inclusions when injected with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. In contrast, reduced STI1 function decreased protein inclusion formation, S129 α-synuclein phosphorylation, while mitigating motor and cognitive deficits as well as mesoscopic brain atrophy in α-synuclein-over-expressing mice. Our findings reveal a vicious cycle in which STI1 facilitates the generation and accumulation of toxic α-synuclein conformers, while α-synuclein-induced proteostatic stress increased insoluble STI1 and Hsp90.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fpr1 functions as a chaperone to inhibit protein aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:40-50. [PMID: 34534579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPIases) accelerate the rate limiting step of protein folding by catalyzing cis/trans isomerization of peptidyl prolyl bonds. The larger PPIases have been shown to be multi-domain proteins, with functions other than isomerization of the proline-containing peptide bond. Recently, a few smaller PPIases have also been described for their ability to stabilize folding intermediates. The yeast Fpr1 (FK506-sensitive proline rotamase) is a homologue of the mammalian prolyl isomerase FKBP12 (FK506-binding protein of 12 kDa). Its ability to stabilize stressed cellular proteins has not been reported yet. We had earlier reported upregulation of Fpr1 in yeast cells exposed to proteotoxic stress conditions. In this work, we show that yeast Fpr1 exhibits characteristics typical of a general chaperone of the proteostasis network. Aggregation of mutant huntingtin fragment was higher in Fpr1-deleted as compared to parental yeast cells. Overexpression of Fpr1 led to reduced protein aggregation by decreasing the amount of oligomers and diverting the aggregation pathway towards the formation of detergent-soluble species. This correlated well with higher survival of these cells. Purified and enzymatically active yeast Fpr1 was able to inhibit aggregation of mutant huntingtin fragment and luciferase in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner; suggesting a direct action for aggregation inhibitory action of Fpr1. Overexpression of yeast Fpr1 was able to protect E. coli cells against thermal shock. This work establishes the role of Fpr1 in the protein folding network and will be used for the identification of novel pharmacological leads in disease conditions.
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Lecona-Valera AN, Rodriguez MH, Argotte-Ramos RS, Rodriguez MC. The chaperone micronemal protein Hsp70-1 from Plasmodium berghei ookinetes is shed during gliding on solid surface sustrata. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 246:111428. [PMID: 34756988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium the causative agent of malaria is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, where all invasive forms have a substrate-dependent motility called gliding, key to malaria transmission. Gliding allows parasite host-cell recognition, binding, cell entry and trespassing the cytoplasm. In this process Plasmodium releases molecules from micronemes and the cell surface that are deposited on trails left behind on the substratum as the parasite progresses. Previously we identified the heat shock protein 70-1 (HSP 70-1) on the surface and micronemes of P. berghei ookinetes, the parasite form that invades the mosquito midgut. To investigate if this protein is shed of from the parasite during invasion, we searched HSP 70-1 in gliding trails deposited on a solid surface by P. berghei ookinetes.
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Bhatia TN, Clark RN, Needham PG, Miner KM, Jamenis AS, Eckhoff EA, Abraham N, Hu X, Wipf P, Luk KC, Brodsky JL, Leak RK. Heat Shock Protein 70 as a Sex-Skewed Regulator of α-Synucleinopathy. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2541-2564. [PMID: 34528172 PMCID: PMC8804008 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of molecular chaperones, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), is not typically studied as a function of biological sex, but by addressing this gap we might improve our understanding of proteinopathic disorders that predominate in one sex. Therefore, we exposed male or female primary hippocampal cultures to preformed α-synuclein fibrils in a model of early-stage Lewy pathology. We first discovered that two mechanistically distinct inhibitors of Hsp70 function increased phospho-α-synuclein+ inclusions more robustly in male-derived neurons. Because Hsp70 is released into extracellular compartments and may restrict cell-to-cell transmission/amplification of α-synucleinopathy, we then tested the effects of low-endotoxin, exogenous Hsp70 (eHsp70) in primary hippocampal cultures. eHsp70 was taken up by and reduced α-synuclein+ inclusions in cells of both sexes, but pharmacological suppression of Hsp70 function attenuated the inhibitory effect of eHsp70 on perinuclear inclusions only in male neurons. In 20-month-old male mice infused with α-synuclein fibrils in the olfactory bulb, daily intranasal eHsp70 delivery also reduced inclusion numbers and the time to locate buried food. eHsp70 penetrated the limbic system and spinal cord of male mice within 3 h but was cleared within 72 h. Unexpectedly, no evidence of eHsp70 uptake from nose into brain was observed in females. A trend towards higher expression of inducible Hsp70-but not constitutive Hsp70 or Hsp40-was observed in amygdala tissues from male subjects with Lewy body disorders compared to unaffected male controls, supporting the importance of this chaperone in human disease. Women expressed higher amygdalar Hsp70 levels compared to men, regardless of disease status. Together, these data provide a new link between biological sex and a key chaperone that orchestrates proteostasis.
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Dittmer S, Kleine T, Schwenkert S. The TPR- and J-domain-containing proteins DJC31 and DJC62 are involved in abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272451. [PMID: 34515300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play an important role during the response to different stresses. Since plants are sessile organisms, they need to be able to adapt quickly to different conditions. To do so, plants possess a complex chaperone machinery, composed of HSP70, HSP90, J proteins and other factors. In this study we characterized DJC31 (also known as TPR16) and DJC62 (also known as TPR15) of Arabidopsis thaliana, two J proteins that additionally carry clamp-type tetratricopeptide repeat domains. Using cell fractionation and split GFP, we could show that both proteins are attached to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, an interaction with cytosolic HSP70.1 and HSP90.2 could be shown using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Knockout of both DJC31 and DJC62 caused severe defects in growth and development, which affected almost all organs. Furthermore, it could be shown that the double mutant is more sensitive to osmotic stress and treatment with abscisic acid, but surprisingly exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought. Taken together, these findings indicate that DJC31 and DJC62 might act as important regulators of chaperone-dependent signaling pathways involved in plant development and stress responses.
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87
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Malik JA, Lone R. Heat shock proteins with an emphasis on HSP 60. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6959-6969. [PMID: 34498161 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock phenomenon is a process by which cells express a set of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs) against heat stress. HSPs include several families depending upon the molecular weight of the respective protein. Among the different HSPs, The HSP60 is one of the main components representing the framework of chaperone system. HSP60 plays a myriad number of roles like chaperoning, thermotolerance, apoptosis, cancer, immunology and embryonic development. In this review we discussed briefly the general knowledge and focussed on HSP60 in terms of structure, regulation and function in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Bichet DG, Torra R, Wallace E, Hughes D, Giugliani R, Skuban N, Krusinska E, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Schiffmann R, Nicholls K. Long-term follow-up of renal function in patients treated with migalastat for Fabry disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 28:100786. [PMID: 34401344 PMCID: PMC8353473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of migalastat on long-term renal outcomes in enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)-naive and ERT-experienced patients with Fabry disease is not well defined. An integrated posthoc analysis of the phase 3 clinical trials and open-label extension studies was conducted to evaluate long-term changes in renal function in patients with Fabry disease and amenable GLA variants who were treated with migalastat for ≥2 years during these studies. The analysis included ERT-naive (n = 36 [23 females]; mean age 45 years; mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 91.4 mL/min/mL/1.73 m2) and ERT-experienced (n = 42 [24 females]; mean age, 50 years; mean baseline eGFR, 89.2 mL/min/1.73m2) patients with amenable variants who received migalastat 123 mg every other day for ≥2 years. The annualized rate of change from baseline to last observation in estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (eGFRCKD-EPI) was calculated by both simple linear regression and a random coefficient model. In ERT-naive patients, mean annualized rates of change from baseline in eGFRCKD-EPI were - 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 overall and - 1.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 and - 1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male and female patients, respectively, as estimated by simple linear regression. In ERT-experienced patients, mean annualized rates of change from baseline in eGFRCKD-EPI were - 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 overall and - 2.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 and - 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 in male and female patients, respectively. Mean annualized rate of change in eGFRCKD-EPI in ERT-naive patients with the classic phenotype (defined by white blood cell alpha galactosidase A [α-Gal A] activity of <3% of normal and multiorgan system involvement) was -1.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. When calculated using the random coefficient model, which adjusted for sex, age, and baseline renal function, the annualized eGFRCKD-EPI change was minimal (mean: -0.1 and 0.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 in ERT-naive and ERT-experienced patients, respectively). In conclusion, patients with Fabry disease and amenable GLA variants receiving long-term migalastat treatment (≤8.6 years) maintained renal function irrespective of treatment status, sex, or phenotype.
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Nasiri P, Ghahramani M, Tavaf Z, Niazi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. The biochemical association between R157H mutation in human αB-crystallin and development of cardiomyopathy: Structural and functional analyses of the mutant protein. Biochimie 2021; 190:36-49. [PMID: 34237397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In human αB-crystallin or HspB5, the substitution of arginine residue at position 157 with histidine has been reported to cause cardiomyopathy. In this study, the impact of R157H mutation on the structure, stability and functional properties of human αB-crystallin was investigated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and microscopic analyses. Our spectroscopic analyses revealed that this mutation has a negligible impact on the secondary and tertiary structures of HspB5 but its quaternary structure underwent fundamental changes. Although the chemical stability of the mutant protein remained largely unchanged, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement suggested that its thermal stability was reduced. As examined with transmission electron microscopy, αB-crystallin and its mutant indicated a similar tendency for the amyloid fibril formation under thermochemical stress. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis suggested important changes in the quaternary (oligomeric) structures of the mutant protein as compared with the native protein counterpart. Also, the mutant protein indicated an improved chaperone-like activity under in vitro assessment. In a pH-dependent manner, the side chains of arginine and histidine have different capabilities for establishing hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction (salt bridge) and this variation may be sufficient to produce the larger changes that ultimately alter the interaction of this protein with other target proteins. Overall, the pathogenic contribution of this mutation in cardiomyopathy can be explained by its role in quaternary structure/stability alteration of the mutated protein.
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Singhal N, Sharma A, Aswal M, Singh N, Kumar M, Goel M. Identification of Binding Partners of CsaA - An Archaeal Chaperonic Protein of Picrophilus torridus. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:675-679. [PMID: 33243110 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201126205131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CsaA is among the few chaperones which are present in both bacteria and archaea, but absent in eukaryotes. There are no reports on interactome analysis of CsaA from archaea, till date. Identification of binding partners of CsaA might be helpful in understanding CsaA-associated processes in Picrophilus torridus an extreme thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to identify the binding partners of CsaA of P. torridus (PtCsaA). METHODS The binding partners of PtCsaA were isolated and identified using a pull down assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS The results revealed twelve potential binding partners of CsaA. These were thermosome subunits (Q6KZS2 and Q6L132), nascent polypeptide-associated complex protein (Q6L1N3), elongation factor 1-alpha (Q6L202), uncharacterized protein (Q6L0Y6), citrate synthase (Q6L0M8), asparaginyl- tRNA synthetase (Q6L0M5), succinyl-CoA synthetase beta chain (Q6L0B4), pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha and beta chain proteins (Q6KZA7 and Q6KZA6, respectively), malate dehydrogenase (Q6L0C3) and reversed fumarylacetoacetase (Q6KZ97). Functional categorization revealed that of these, six proteins were involved in energy metabolic pathways, three were archaeal chaperones, two were involved in translation and one might be a transcription regulator. STRING-based analysis of the protein-protein interactions of the experimental interactome revealed strong interactions among them. CONCLUSION PtCsaA might be a multifaceted protein which besides translation might also play important role in metabolic processes of P. torridus. However, further experiments investigating the binding partners of CsaA in other archaea are required for a better understanding of CsaA-associated processes in archaea.
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Yu P, Wang X, Ma J, Zhang Q, Chen Q. Chaperone-assisted soluble expression and characterization of chitinase chiZJ408 in Escherichia coli BL21 and the chitin degradation by recombinant enzyme. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:273-282. [PMID: 34110982 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1934698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone-assisted soluble expression and characterization of high molecular weight chitinase chiZJ408 in Escherichia coli BL21 were investigated. Chitin degradation products by chitinase chiZJ408 were analyzed. The results indicated that the introduction of the chaperone GroELS promoted the correct folding of chitinase chiZJ408 and increased its soluble expression by 14.9% (p < 0.05) in E. coli BL21. The optimal pH and temperature of chitinase chiZJ408 were respectively 6.0 and 50 °C. Chitinase chiZJ408 was stable at pHs of 4.0 ∼ 7.0 and at below 40 °C. Mg2+and Ca2+ had a significant impact on improving the activity of chitinase chiZJ408. Chitinase chiZJ408 was demonstrated to be exochitinase that cleaved the β-1,4-glycosidic bond of the chitin chain to generate only N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. This study broadens our understanding of chitinase and provides a basis for solving the problem of inclusion body formed by long fragment gene expression in E. coli.
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Chakafana G, Mudau PT, Zininga T, Shonhai A. Supporting data on characterisation of linker switch mutants of Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 110 and canonical Hsp70. Data Brief 2021; 37:107177. [PMID: 34141839 PMCID: PMC8188256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present data on characterisation of the linker of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp110 (PfHsp70-z) relative to the linker of canonical Hsp70s in support of a co-published article [1]. The linker of PfHsp70-z was switched with that of canonical Hsp70s, represented by PfHsp70-1 (cytosolic counterpart of PfHsp70-z) and E. coli Hsp70/DnaK. The datasets represent comparative analyses of PfHsp70-z, PfHsp70-1, and E. coli DnaK, relative to their linker switch mutants; PfHsp70-zLS, PfHsp70-1LS, DnaKLS, respectively. Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic analyses were employed to elucidate effects of the mutations on the structural features of the proteins. The structural conformations of the proteins were analysed in the absence as well as presence of nucleotides. In addition, stability of the proteins to stress (pH changes and urea) was also determined. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed to determine affinity of the proteins for ATP. The relative affinities of PfHsp70-z and PfHsp70-1 for the parasite cytosol localised, J domain co-chaperone, PfHsp40, was determined by SPR analysis. The effect of the linker of PfHsp70-z on the interaction of DnaKLS with DnaJ (a co-chaperone of DnaK), was similarly determined. These data could be used for future investigations involving protein-protein/ligand interactions as described in [1]. The raw data obtained using the various techniques here described are hosted in the Mendeley Data repository at [2].
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Raschmanová H, Weninger A, Knejzlík Z, Melzoch K, Kovar K. Engineering of the unfolded protein response pathway in Pichia pastoris: enhancing production of secreted recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4397-4414. [PMID: 34037840 PMCID: PMC8195892 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Folding and processing of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are major impediments in the production and secretion of proteins from Pichia pastoris (Komagataella sp.). Overexpression of recombinant genes can overwhelm the innate secretory machinery of the P. pastoris cell, and incorrectly folded proteins may accumulate inside the ER. To restore proper protein folding, the cell naturally triggers an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which upregulates the expression of genes coding for chaperones and other folding-assisting proteins (e.g., Kar2p, Pdi1, Ero1p) via the transcription activator Hac1p. Unfolded/misfolded proteins that cannot be repaired are degraded via the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which decreases productivity. Co-expression of selected UPR genes, along with the recombinant gene of interest, is a common approach to enhance the production of properly folded, secreted proteins. Such an approach, however, is not always successful and sometimes, protein productivity decreases because of an unbalanced UPR. This review summarizes successful chaperone co-expression strategies in P. pastoris that are specifically related to overproduction of foreign proteins and the UPR. In addition, it illustrates possible negative effects on the cell's physiology and productivity resulting from genetic engineering of the UPR pathway. We have focused on Pichia's potential for commercial production of valuable proteins and we aim to optimize molecular designs so that production strains can be tailored to suit a specific heterologous product. KEY POINTS: • Chaperones co-expressed with recombinant genes affect productivity in P. pastoris. • Enhanced UPR may impair strain physiology and promote protein degradation. • Gene copy number of the target gene and the chaperone determine the secretion rate.
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Verma A, Sumi S, Seervi M. Heat shock proteins-driven stress granule dynamics: yet another avenue for cell survival. Apoptosis 2021; 26:371-384. [PMID: 33978921 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved 'stress-response' proteins that facilitate cell survival against various adverse conditions. HSP-mediated cytoprotection was hitherto reported to occur principally in two ways. Firstly, HSPs interact directly or indirectly with apoptosis signaling components and suppress apoptosis. Secondly, through chaperon activity, HSPs suppress proteotoxicity and maintain protein-homeostasis. Recent studies highlight the interaction of HSPs with cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). SGs are conserved cytoplasmic mRNPs granules that aid in cell survival under stressful conditions. We primarily aim to describe the distinct cell survival strategy mediated by HSPs as the crucial regulators of SGs assembly and disassembly. Based on the growing evidence, HSPs and associated co-chaperones act as important determinants of SG assembly, composition and dissolution. Under cellular stress, as a 'stress-coping mechanism', the formation of SGs reprograms protein translation machinery and modulates signaling pathways indispensable for cell survival. Besides their role in suppressing apoptosis, HSPs also regulate protein-homeostasis by their chaperone activity as well as by their tight regulation of SG dynamics. The intricate molecular signaling in and around the nexus of HSPs-SGs and its importance in diseases has to be unearthed. These studies have significant implications in the management of chronic diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases where SGs possess pathological functions.
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95
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Yoda T, Furuta M, Tsutsumi T, Ikeda S, Yukizawa S, Arai S, Morita A, Yamatoya K, Nakata K, Tomoshige S, Ohgane K, Furuyama Y, Sakaguchi K, Sugawara F, Kobayashi S, Ikekita M, Kuramochi K. Epo-C12 inhibits peroxiredoxin 1 peroxidase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116203. [PMID: 34015702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epo-C12 is a synthetic derivative of epolactaene, isolated from Penicillium sp. BM 1689-P. Epo-C12 induces apoptosis in human acute lymphoblastoid leukemia BALL-1 cells. In our previous studies, seven proteins that bind to Epo-C12 were identified by a combination of pull-down experiments using biotinylated Epo-C12 (Bio-Epo-C12) and mass spectrometry. In the present study, the effect of Epo-C12 on peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx 1), one of the proteins that binds to Epo-C12, was investigated. Epo-C12 inhibited Prx 1 peroxidase activity. However, it did not suppress its chaperone activity. Binding experiments between Bio-Epo-C12 and point-mutated Prx 1s suggest that Epo-C12 binds to Cys52 and Cys83 in Prx 1. The present study revealed that Prx 1 is one of the target proteins through which Epo-C12 exerts an apoptotic effect in BALL-1 cells.
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96
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Documentation of chaperone presence in breast clinic, a complete audit cycle. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:637-639. [PMID: 33970393 PMCID: PMC8983518 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The General Medical Council (GMC) and Irish Medical Council (IMC) recommend the presence of a chaperone for all intimate examinations and that it should be clearly documented. The aim of this report is to assess doctors’ compliance with obtaining a chaperone and documenting their presence, determining possible causes of non-compliance and implement interventions to increase compliance. Methods Prospective audit of patients seen in the breast clinic in Beaumont hospital over the week starting 8th February 2021. The medical charts were reviewed for documentation of chaperone presence. Doctors were surveyed using (SurveyMonkey) for causes of non-compliance. Interventions included a stamp in the medical notes for chaperone presence and details, an educational email with GMC and IMC guidelines, and posters put up in clinic rooms. The intervention was reassessed at 1-week and 6-week intervals. Results In the assessment phase, 126 patients were recruited. A chaperone was present 100% of the time where a male doctor examined a female patient; however, chaperone presence was not documented in any of the medical charts (0/126). A survey was sent to 22 breast surgery doctors to explore causes of non-compliance. Response rate was 95%, 50% did not know documentation was necessary, and 25% forgot to document. One week after intervention, 64 patients were recruited. Chaperone documentation increased to 80% (51/64). Reassessment at six weeks included 120 patients, and chaperone documentation rate was 74% (89/120).
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den Brave F, Cairo LV, Jagadeesan C, Ruger-Herreros C, Mogk A, Bukau B, Jentsch S. Chaperone-Mediated Protein Disaggregation Triggers Proteolytic Clearance of Intra-nuclear Protein Inclusions. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107680. [PMID: 32492414 PMCID: PMC7273177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of insoluble inclusions in the cytosol and nucleus is associated with impaired protein homeostasis and is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the absence of the autophagic machinery, nuclear protein aggregates require a solubilization step preceding degradation by the 26S proteasome. Using yeast, we identify a nuclear protein quality control pathway required for the clearance of protein aggregates. The nuclear J-domain protein Apj1 supports protein disaggregation together with Hsp70 but independent of the canonical disaggregase Hsp104. Disaggregation mediated by Apj1/Hsp70 promotes turnover rather than refolding. A loss of Apj1 activity uncouples disaggregation from proteasomal turnover, resulting in accumulation of toxic soluble protein species. Endogenous substrates of the Apj1/Hsp70 pathway include both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, which aggregate inside the nucleus upon proteotoxic stress. These findings demonstrate the coordinated activity of the Apj1/Hsp70 disaggregation system with the 26S proteasome in facilitating the clearance of toxic inclusions inside the nucleus.
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Wahyu Effendi SS, Tan SI, Ting WW, Ng IS. Enhanced recombinant Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense carbonic anhydrase activity and thermostability by chaperone GroELS for carbon dioxide biomineralization. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:128461. [PMID: 33131750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological carbon fixation is a feasible strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (CO2). In this platform, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme is employed to accelerate the sequestration of CO2. The present work explored the effect of chaperone GroELS and TrxA-tag on improving soluble expression of the recombinant Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense CA which activity and biomineralization capability were taken into consideration. At first, the expression of GroELS using the inducible T7 promoter and constitutive J23100 promoter were investigated. The results indicated that 1.4 folds increment of soluble protein and 100% of CA activity enhancement were achieved with GroELS co-expression driven by J23100 promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of TrxA fusion tag displayed a significant enhancement of soluble protein production which was about 2.67 times higher than that of original SyCA. Besides, co-expression with GroELS intensified the thermostability of SyCA at 60 °C owing to changes in the structural conformation of the protein, which was proved by an in vitro assay. The SyCA was further entrapped and immobilized into polyacrylamide gel (i.e., PAGE-SyCA). The biomineralization capability of the PAGE-SyCA and whole-cell (WC) was compared in a two-column system. After 5 cycles of reuse, PAGE-SyCA maintained 29.8% activity and formed 774 mg of CaCO3 solids in the B::JG strain. This study presents the recombinant engineering strategies to improve SyCA productivity, activity, thermostability, and effective carbon dioxide conversion.
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Barbey F, Monney P, Dormond O. [ Chaperone molecules: The example of Fabry disease]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17S:S11-S22. [PMID: 33910691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is due to mutations in the GLA gene that cause a deficiency of the activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-gal A) resulting in intra-tissue accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Recently, a novel therapeutic approach based on the pharmacological chaperone migalastat has been developed. It binds, in a specific and reversible manner, to the catalytic site of α-gal A mutants, to prevent their degradation by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum and allow them to catabolize globotriaosylceramide in the lysosomes. This treatment concerns approximately 35% of the GLA gene mutations recognized as sensitive to migalastat according to an in vitro pharmacogenetic test. Two pivotal Phase III studies, FACETS: migalastat vs. placebo and ATTRACT: migalastat vs. enzyme replacement therapy analyzed the in vivo effects of migalastat. Despite some methodological limitations, promising results were found. Migalastat seems to be more effective than enzyme replacement therapy in reducing left ventricular mass index in case of cardiac hypertrophy and has comparable renal effects. This oral treatment is the first personalized treatment, based on the genetic profile of Fabry patients and opens a new era in the management of conformational diseases.
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Quistgaard EM. BAP31: Physiological functions and roles in disease. Biochimie 2021; 186:105-129. [PMID: 33930507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31 or BCAP31) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein found mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). It acts as a broad-specificity membrane protein chaperone and quality control factor, which can promote different fates for its clients, including ER retention, ER export, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), or evasion of degradation, and it also acts as a MAM tetherer and regulatory protein. It is involved in several cellular processes - it supports ER and mitochondrial homeostasis, promotes proliferation and migration, plays several roles in metabolism and the immune system, and regulates autophagy and apoptosis. Full-length BAP31 can be anti-apoptotic, but can also mediate activation of caspase-8, and itself be cleaved by caspase-8 into p20-BAP31, which promotes apoptosis by mobilizing ER calcium stores at MAMs. BAP31 loss-of-function mutations is the cause of 'deafness, dystonia, and central hypomyelination' (DDCH) syndrome, characterized by severe neurological symptoms and early death. BAP31 is furthermore implicated in a growing number of cancers and other diseases, and several viruses have been found to target it to promote their survival or life cycle progression. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and examination of the basic properties, functions, mechanisms, and roles in disease of BAP31.
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