Di Lonardo M, Isola NC, Ambroggi M, Rybko A, Poggi S. Mycobacteria in HIV-infected patients in Buenos Aires.
TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE 1995;
76:185-9. [PMID:
7548898 DOI:
10.1016/s0962-8479(05)80002-4]
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Abstract
SETTING
F. J. Muñiz Hospital and Department of Phthisiopneumonology, in Buenos Aires.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze bacteriological findings concerning tuberculosis and other mycobacteriosis, in association with HIV infection and AIDS.
DESIGN
From June 1985 to December 1991, 2521 samples from 1259 HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients were analyzed: 1133 samples were of bronchopulmonary origin and the remaining 1388 of extrapulmonary origin. Drug susceptibility tests were performed using the proportions method.
RESULTS
Mycobacterial disease was confirmed by culture in 240 of the 1259 HIV/AIDS patients (19%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 223 of these cases (92.9%) and M. bovis in two, while M. avium-complex (MAC) strains were identified as the cause of disease in 14 patients (5.8%). In only one case was disease due to M. kansasii. Blood cultures were positive in 21.2% of these 240 cases. Resistance of M. tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs was found in 9.4% of the 223 isolates. In only one case was multidrug resistance detected, in a patient who had received previous treatment.
CONCLUSION
Smear examination, although less sensitive than in HIV-negative patients, was still a simple and reliable tool for the rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial disease. Blood culture aided in the successful diagnosis of about half of the cases of disseminated tuberculosis and of all cases of MAC disease. An alarming spread of tuberculosis was detected among a group of HIV-positive prisoners, and the possible emergence of multidrug resistance should be anticipated.
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