1151
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Sakagami H, Satoh K, Sugaya K, Iida M, Hirota N, Matsumoto K, Kimura S, Gomi K, Taguchi S, Kato S, Takeda M. Effect of the type of serum in the medium on sodium ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity. Anticancer Res 1996; 16:1937-41. [PMID: 8712724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ascorbate induced cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma T98G cells in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum or human serum samples was studied. Several human serum samples significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of sodium ascorbate, regardless of sex, age or the disease of the serum donor with or without heat-inactivation of the serum. ESR spectroscopy revealed that this serum effect was not simply due to the alteration of the ascorbyl radical intensity, produced from sodium ascorbate. The present study suggests that the apoptosis-inducing activity of sodium ascorbate might be significantly affected by human serum.
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1152
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Kato S, Ishida H, Tsuura Y, Tsuji K, Nishimura M, Horie M, Taminato T, Ikehara S, Odaka H, Ikeda I, Okada Y, Seino Y. Alterations in basal and glucose-stimulated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activities in pancreatic beta cells of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus GK rats. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:2417-25. [PMID: 8647933 PMCID: PMC507326 DOI: 10.1172/jci118688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In genetically occurring non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model rats (GK rats), the activities of L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic beta cells are found to be augmented, by measuring the Ba2+ currents via these channels using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, while the patterns of the current-voltage curves are indistinguishable. The hyper-responsiveness of insulin secretion to nonglucose depolarizing stimuli observed in NIDDM beta cells could be the result, therefore, of increased voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity. Perforated patch-clamp recordings reveal that the augmentation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity by glucose is markedly less pronounced in GK beta cells than in control beta cells, while glucose-induced augmentation of T-type Ca2+ channel activity is observed neither in the control nor in the GK beta cells. This lack of glucose-induced augmentation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity in GK beta cells might be causatively related to the selective impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in NIDDM beta cells, in conjunction with an insufficient plasma membrane depolarization due to impaired closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels caused by the disturbed intracellular glucose metabolism in NIDDM beta cells.
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1153
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Kato S, Nakamoto T, Iizuka M. Early diagnosis and estimation of pulmonary congestion and edema in patients with left-sided heart diseases from histogram of pulmonary CT number. Chest 1996; 109:1439-45. [PMID: 8769490 DOI: 10.1378/chest.109.6.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish an early diagnosis and have a quantitative estimation of congestion or edema, pulmonary CT scans were performed to detect the increase of regional lung water volume of patients with congestive heart failure. CT scanning of the upper, middle, and lower lung fields at maximum inspiration and hemodynamic analysis to ensure a hemodynamically chronic stable condition after the heart failure therapy for 5 weeks by cardiac catheterization within 2 weeks before CT scanning were performed in 10 normal subjects and 25 patients with left-sided heart failure. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of pulmonary congestion or edema on chest radiographs, and the mean pulmonary wedge pressure (mPWP). The pulmonary congestion group (14 patients) had pulmonary congestion or edema, and mPWP was greater than 13 mm Hg despite the heart failure therapy. The nonpulmonary congestion group (11 patients) had no pulmonary congestion or edema, and mPWP was lower than 10 mm Hg. Histograms of pulmonary CT numbers were graphed to a set region of interest (ROI) on transverse CT images in all subjects; then changes of pulmonary CT numbers when pulmonary congestion or edema occurred were estimated from those histograms. We found that when severe pulmonary congestion or edema occurred in 6 patients with severe left heart failure, the pulmonary CT numbers within the ROI rapidly increased from -650 to -750 Hounsfield units (HU). We defined the amount ratio between the pixels (pixel counts between -650 and -750 HU within these R0Is) and the pixels (pixel counts between -300 and -950 HU) of the CT number (which were all pixels composing these R0Is) x100(%) as "%PXL." %PXL showed a linear correlation with mPWP. Compared with the %PXL in the normal group, the %PXL in the pulmonary congestion group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) in all lung fields. Similarly, compared with the %PXL in the normal group, %PXL in the nonpulmonary congestion group was significantly higher than that in the normal group in the middle and lower lung fields (p<0.05, p<0.01) in the posterior field. From these results, we concluded that %PXL was a good index to identify abnormal water content usually not recognizable by routine chest radiograph in the lungs.
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1154
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Takizawa Y, Shimizu H, Kato S, Matsunaga J, Tomita Y, Nishikawa T. 139 Oculocutaneous albinism: Correlation of the genotype and phenotype. J Dermatol Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(96)89543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1155
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Hagihara M, Yabe H, Kato S, Hiraga S, Sato T, Inomata Y, Tanaka K, Yamaoka Y, Tsuji K. Dramatic change of soluble HLA class I band patterns after liver or bone marrow transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:1754-5. [PMID: 8658868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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1156
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Yabe H, Yabe M, Hattori K, Hinohara T, Morimoto T, Nakamura Y, Noma M, Takei M, Kobayashi N, Tsuji K, Kato S. Successful engraftment of allogeneic CD34-enriched marrow cell transplantation from HLA-mismatched parental donors. Bone Marrow Transplant 1996; 17:985-91. [PMID: 8807104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 antigen is expressed on pluripotent stem cells and the CD34+ cell has been shown to be capable of hematopoietic reconstitution in animal and human autologous grafts. We asked if CD34+ cells could reconstitute hematopoiesis in human allogeneic transplantation from a HLA-mismatched donor. Three pediatric patients with advanced leukemia received allogeneic CD34-enriched marrow cell graft from HLA two (two patients) or three (one patient) loci-mismatched parental donors. CD34+ cell selection was performed with mouse anti-CD34 antibody 9C5 and magnetic beads coated sheep anti-mouse IgG1. 1.53 to 2.48 x 10(9) marrow cells were processed and 2.53 to 7.89 x 10(7) positively selected cells were recovered. The selected population showed 93.7 to 99.0% CD34+ cells and total recovery of CD34+ cells from the starting population was 54.6 to 62.3%. CD34+ cell selection resulted in more than 99.9% depletion of CD5+ cells from the bone marrow. The patients received 2.53 to 7.25 x 10(6) CD34-enriched cells/kg after myeloablative therapy. All patients achieved trilineage engraftment that was confirmed by various genetic markers. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was grade 0 (two patients) or grade I (one patient), and hematological recovery was successfully achieved as follows; the days to reach granulocytes over 0.5 x 10(9)/I were 11 to 13 days, reticulocytes over 2% was 18 to 28 days, platelets over 50 x 10(9)/I was 33 to 58 days. One patient is surviving without relapse of leukemia and two patients died after either mixed hematopoietic chimerism or leukemia relapse was observed. These studies suggest that CD34+ marrow cells are capable of hematopoietic reconstitution from HLA two or three loci-mismatched donors even with the lowest dose of mature T cells.
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1157
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Sakai K, Kato S, Komori T, Tanabe H. [Infantile onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with clinical course of 23 years; a case report]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1996; 36:783-5. [PMID: 8937202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a 23-year-old female with infantile onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle weakness was noticed when she was 1 year old, and, together with sensory disturbances, gradually progressed in an asymmetric manner. Nerve conduction studies disclosed slowing of conduction velocities, temporal dispersion, and decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials, the degrees of which were markedly different amongst different nerves even in the same limbs. The sural nerve biopsy showed various degrees of nerve fiber amongst different fascicles. Marked inter-nerve and intra-nerve differences of involvement and clinical improvement after steroid therapy supported the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. It should be noted that even after a long clinical course of 23 years, her clinical symptoms remained asymmetrical and multi-focal lesions could be clearly demonstrated.
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1158
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Takeyama K, Kojima R, Ohashi R, Sato T, Mano H, Masushige S, Kato S. Retinoic acid differentially up-regulates the gene expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha and gamma isoforms in embryo and adult rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 222:395-400. [PMID: 8670216 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The diverse biological effects of retinoic acid (RA) are exerted by its nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression. One of the two nuclear retinoic acid receptor subfamilies is composed of three subtypes of the all-transretinoic acid receptor (RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, and RAR-gamma). Furthermore, several isoforms are generated from each of three RARs by differential promoter usage and/or alternative splicing. It is thus thought that the developmental stage-specific actions of RA are modulated through the spatio-temporal expression of the subtype and isoforms of RARs. In this study, the auto-regulation of the RAR subtypes (RAR-alpha total, RAR-beta total and RAR-gamma total) and their major isoforms (RAR-alpha 1, alpha 2, RAR-beta 1, beta 2 and RAR-gamma 1, gamma 2) by RA was examined by means of Northern blotting in the 11.5 day embryo and maternal tissues by administering pregnant rats with an excess of all-trans RA. The expression of RAR-beta isoforms as well as the RAR-beta total was auto-regulated by RA in all maternal tissues and embryos examined. The gene expression of RAR-alpha 2, which was not affected by RA in the maternal tissues, was up-regulated in embryos, though there were no significant effects of RA on the levels of RAR-alpha 1 and the alpha total in the maternal tissues and the embryos. Likewise, RA did not affect the levels of RAR-gamma 1 and gamma total. However, unlike RAR-alpha 2, RAR-gamma 2 expression was up-regulated by RA only in the maternal tissues. Thus, these results indicates that two retinoic acid receptor isoforms (RAR-alpha 2 and RAR-gamma 2) are differentially auto-regulated in embryo and adult rats.
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1159
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Shimizu T, Hayashida T, Hayashi H, Kato S, Tanabe H. Stapedial reflex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:544-8. [PMID: 8778260 PMCID: PMC486368 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.60.5.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine mechanisms controlling the stapedial reflex in patients with amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS). METHODS The stapedial reflex was examined using impedance audiometry in 38 patients with sporadic ALS and in 25 age matched controls. RESULTS All patients showed normal reflex decay test results. There were no significant differences between patients with ALS and control subjects in reflex threshold, latency, amplitude, or contraction time (C50). Although each reflex variable in the patients with classic or progressive muscular atrophy types of ALS showed no significant difference from that in control subjects, the patients with bulbar type ALS showed significantly longer latency, C50, and retraction time (D50), and significantly lower amplitude than control subjects. Three types of abnormal reflex waveforms (polyphasic, abnormally delayed retraction, and abnormally early retraction) were noted in six patients. CONCLUSION The subclinical involvement of the stapedius motor neurons or of the supranuclear stapedius motor system might be responsible for the abnormalities of the stapedial reflex in ALS.
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1160
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Kato S. [A study on the papers and biographies of Edward Jenner from the standpoint of modern virology]. NIHON ISHIGAKU ZASSHI. [JOURNAL OF JAPANESE HISTORY OF MEDICINE] 1996; 42:18-21. [PMID: 11618346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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1161
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Kato S, Urano Y, Sasaki S, Ahsan K, Shono M, Arase S. Prolonged nuclear accumulation of p53 in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A cells after ultraviolet irradiation. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288:249-51. [PMID: 8738568 DOI: 10.1007/bf02530093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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1162
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Ji RC, Kato S, Miura M, Usui T. The distribution and architecture of lymphatic vessels in the rat stomach as revealed by an enzyme-histochemical method. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1996; 73:37-53. [PMID: 8741385 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj1936.73.1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-histochemical methods of staining for 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) were successfully applied to study the distribution and architecture of lymphatic vessels and their relationships to blood vessels in the rat stomach. Extensively lymphatic capillary networks were found in the gastric wall, but there were significant differences in their extent, pattern, distribution and structure in the four different zones: esophagus-stomach (E-S), forestomach-corpus (F-C), corpus-antrum (C-A) and antrum-duodenum (A-D). 5'-Nase-ALPase double staining revealed that the 5'-Nase-positive lymphatic vessels run in close proximity to ALPase-positive arteries and veins. The fine blood capillary network was located superficially to the lymphatic network within the same layer in the gastric wall. The abundant lymphatic network located in the deep lamina propria and the lamina muscularis mucosa was always closely associated with the base of the lowest gastric glands, and yet no interglandular lymphatic capillaries were encountered in the corpus or antrum. In contrast, fewer lymphatic capillaries were present in the lamina propria beneath the squamous epithelium of the forestomach. The distribution of the well-developed lymphatic networks with valve-like structures in the submucosa and subserosa exhibited typical features, i.e., the distribution was annular in the submucosa and fan-shaped in the subserosa in the antrum near the duodenum. Open junctions of lymphatic endothelial cells were seen in the deep lamina propria and submucosa. Collecting lymphatics containing valves were mainly located deep in the submucosa and subserosa. The deep lamina propria and submucosa may play a key role in lymph formation and interstitial tissue fluid homeostasis as well as in pathological processes in certain diseases. The present findings obtained by interstitially injecting ultra-fine carbon particle suspensions or Evans blue showed that a great deal of lymph drained into the lymphatics accompanying the left gastric artery. The existence of a forestomach may explain the complicated organization and constitution of lymphatic networks in the rat stomach.
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1163
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Kato S, Onda M, Matsukura N, Tokunaga A, Matsuda N, Yamashita K, Shields PG. Genetic polymorphisms of the cancer related gene and Helicobacter pylori infection in Japanese gastric cancer patients. An age and gender matched case-control study. Cancer 1996; 77:1654-61. [PMID: 8608558 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960415)77:8<1654::aid-cncr35>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a multistage process, each caused by numerous factors. The objective of this study was to elucidate the risk factors for gastric cancer by using molecular epidemiologic techniques and serum markers. METHODS Serum pepsinogen I levels, pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II (I/II) ratios, serum IgG antibody against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and L-myc protooncogenes were analyzed in 82 persons with gastric cancer and in 151 age- and sex-matched controls, who were selected from 208 gastric cancer patients and 375 noncancer patients, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate which risk factors for gastric cancer were contributing the most to gastric carcinogenicity. RESULTS Serum pepsinogen I level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.16) and pepsinogen I/II ratios (OR = 3.09; 95% CI, 1.74-5.49) were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk in a case-control study. Seropositivity of serum IgG antibody against H. pylori (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.84-1.85) and specific genotypes of a L-myc genetic polymorphism (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.59-2.99) were more commonly observed in gastric cancer cases, but this was not statistically significant. Specific genotypes of the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and GSTM1 gene deletion were not associated with gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Atrophic mucosal change, indicated by serum pepsinogen levels, is possible a risk factor for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection and genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, L-myc, and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms were not risk factors in this study.
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1164
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Kobayashi T, Yasui A, Ohnishi M, Kato S, Sasahara Y, Kusuda K, Chida N, Yanagawa Y, Hiraga A, Tamura S. Enhanced UV sensitivity of yeast cells induced by overexpression of Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (type 2C alpha). Mutat Res 1996; 362:213-7. [PMID: 8637499 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(95)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The UV sensitivity of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was increased 2-fold when rat Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase alpha (protein phosphatase type 2C alpha) was overexpressed in the cells. The overexpression of this enzyme rendered the rad 18 mutant (defective in postreplication repair) more UV-sensitive than was observed in the wild-type cells. However, this increase in UV sensitivity disappeared when the host cells had a rad 1 mutation (defective in excision repair). These results suggest that the Mg(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase overexpressed in the yeast cells inhibited their excision repair system.
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1165
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Blömeke B, Greenblatt MJ, Doan VD, Bowman ED, Murphy SE, Chen CC, Kato S, Shields PG. Distribution of 7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct levels in human lung. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:741-8. [PMID: 8625485 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/17.4.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung tissue is frequently studied as a target organ for DNA damage from carcinogen-DNA adducts. In order to assess the distribution of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human lung, we measured 7-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate (7-methyl-dGp), 7-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate (7-ethyl-dGp) and 4-hydroxy-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing DNA adducts in different lobes. The first two result from exposure to N-nitrosamines, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and the latter only from tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Using a chemically-specific 32P-postlabeling assay for 7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosines, adducts were measured in eight separate lung segments of ten autopsy donors. 7-Methyl-dGp levels were detected in all eighty samples (range from 0.3 to 11.5 adducts/10(7) dGp; mean 2.5 +/- 2.3 adducts/10(7) dGp). 7-Ethyl-dGp were detected in all but five of the samples (range from <0.1 to 7.1 adducts/10(7) dGp; mean 1.6 +/- 1.7 adducts/10(7) dGp). 7-Methyl-dGp levels were approximately 1.5-fold higher than 7-ethyl-dGp levels, and they were positively correlated with each other in most individuals. There was no consistent pattern of adduct distribution in the different lobar segments. Most individuals, especially those with the lowest levels, had similar levels among the lobes, while those with the highest levels had a widely variable pattern ranging as much as ten-fold. Moreover 7-methyl-dGp and 7-ethyl-dGp levels in all people showed a highly significant inter-individual variation (P = 0.0001). The levels of 7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosine among individuals could not be explained by differences in tobacco exposure (measured by serum cotinine), onset of death, gender, age, race, blood ethanol, or ventilation and perfusion variability. In an effort to corroborate 7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts variability among lobes or individuals, we sought to determine a correlation with HPB-releasing DNA adducts as an independent marker of tobacco exposure. However, this tobacco- specific carcinogen-DNA adduct could not be detected in four individuals tested (detection limit: 0.3 adducts per 10(7) dGp). Based upon the lack of 7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosine discernible adduct patterns, no conclusions could be drawn regarding a potential relationship to lobar cancer incidence. The results indicate that in studies of carcinogen-DNA adducts, such as 7-alkyl-dGp in human lungs, for most individuals a random lung sample would be representative of other parts of the lungs. Some individuals however might be misclassified due to highly variable 7-alkyl-dGp levels.
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1166
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Miyamoto K, Ogura Y, Nishiwaki H, Matsuda N, Honda Y, Kato S, Ishida H, Seino Y. Evaluation of retinal microcirculatory alterations in the Goto-Kakizaki rat. A spontaneous model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996; 37:898-905. [PMID: 8603874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate retinal microcirculation in the spontaneous diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rat over an extended time. METHODS The dye-dilution technique with scanning laser ophthalmoscope-based fluorescein angiography was used to evaluate retinal circulation in GK rats with diabetes of 1, 3, and 5 months' duration and in age-matched controls. Scanning laser ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiograms were recorded after a 10-microliter bolus of 10% sodium fluorescein was injected into the tail vein, followed by a flush of 0.1 ml saline. Retinal mean circulation times (MCTs), vessel diameters, and retinal segmental blood flows (SBFs) were determined using computer-assisted image analysis on a frame-by-frame basis. RESULTS The MCTs were significantly prolonged (P< 0.01) in the GK rat groups (2.60 +/- 0.31, 2.74 +/- 0.28, and 2.84 +/- 0.38 seconds at 1, 3, and 5 months' duration of diabetes, respectively) compared to the age-matched controls (1.94 +/- 0.20, 1.99 +/- 0.12, and 1.91 +/- 0.22 seconds, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the retinal arterial and venous diameters between groups at each time period. The SBFs were significantly reduced (P< 0.03) in the GK rat groups (12.0 +/- 1.5, 12.1 +/- 2.0, and 11.8 +/- 2.5 x 10(2) micrometer squared/second at 1, 3, and 5 months' duration of diabetes, respectively) compared to the controls (16.0 +/- 2.2, 16.7 +/- 1.8, and 17.2 +/- 2.5 x 10(2) micrometer squared/second, respectively). In either group, no significant changes with growth were observed in MCT, vessel diameters, or SBF, although the MCTs in the GK rat group tended to lengthen, and arterial and venous diameters in the GK rat group tended to increase with duration of diabetes. Goto-Kakizaki rats did not exhibit dense cataracts, the retinal circulation could be observed, and morphologic changes of diabetic retinopathy did not develop throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSIONS A significant prolongation in MCT and a significant reduction in SBF appeared in GK rats at an early stage in diabetes. This tendency continued until 5 months' duration of diabetes. These results suggest that retinal circulatory abnormalities are found before observable retinopathy development in GK rats and that there may be some mechanism causing a reduction in SBF without changing major retinal vessel diameters at an early stage in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In addition, this study demonstrates that the GK rat will be a useful model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to evaluate retinal circulation over an extended time.
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1167
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Momoki S, Fukushima I, Hoshi T, Kato S, Kishiro I, Suzuki H, Hase T, Kuga H, Nakamoto T, Iizuka M, Suzuki S, Nagai S, Shimada K. [Pulmonary typical carcinoid with metastases to pulmonary hilar, and mediastinal lymph nodes]. NIHON KYOBU SHIKKAN GAKKAI ZASSHI 1996; 34:494-9. [PMID: 8691675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of recurrent bloody sputum and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray films showed an infiltrative shadow in the left lower lung field. Chest computed tomograms showed a nodular tumor shadow near the left B8 and this tumor shadow was found between A8 and A9 by pulmonary arteriography. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a red coagulum in the left B8 and cytologic examination of broncho alveolar lavage fluid revealed atypical squamous cells. With a clinical diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, a left lower lobectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection was done. A milk-white tumor was found in the lower lobe of the resected lung. The pathological diagnosis of the resected tissue specimen was carcinoid, accompanied by pulmonary, hilar, and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Reduced immunofluorescence by Chromogranin A and serotonin staining were further evidence that the tumor was atypical. This case is very interesting in that the tumor metastasized to the lung and lymph nodes, even-though it was pathologically typical.
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1168
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Arao Y, Yamamoto E, Ninomiya Y, Masushige S, Hasegawa T, Kato S. Steroid hormone-induced expression of the chicken ovalbumin gene and the levels of nuclear steroid hormone receptors in chick oviduct. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:493-5. [PMID: 8901111 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The induction of the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) gene by different classes of steroid hormones and the mRNA levels of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were studied in chick oviducts. Combined treatment with two hormones increased the induction of the OVA gene more than single treatment, when the levels of OVA mRNA were measured with Slot blot analysis. To discover the role of nuclear steroid hormone receptors as transcriptional factors in the OVA gene induction, we analyzed the levels of ER (with RT-PCR), PR, and GR mRNAs (with Northern blotting). The level of PR mRNA was increased only by estrogen, while no steroid hormone affected the levels of ER and GR mRNAs. Thus, these findings show that the levels of nuclear receptors do not reflect the OVA mRNA level in the oviduct of steroid hormone-treated chicks.
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1169
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Kato S, Itonaga I, Ji RC, Miura M. Enzyme triple staining for differentiation of lymphatics from venous and arterial capillaries. Lymphology 1996; 29:15-9. [PMID: 8721974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase)-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAPase)-alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) triple staining was used to differentiate lymphatics from venous and arterial capillaries in a variety of mammalian tissue sections including human. This triple staining method facilitates specific identification under a light microscope of 5'-Nase activity in lymphatics, DAPase activity in venous capillaries and venules and ALPase activity in arterial capillaries and arterioles. This technique depicts initial lymphatics more clearly and extensively than other methods so far reported although some interspecies and tissue differences are obtained in each enzyme activity.
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Kato S, Okabe S, Takeuchi K. Pathways mediating pentagastrin-induced mucosal blood flow response in rat stomachs. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41:485-91. [PMID: 8617120 DOI: 10.1007/bf02282323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of pentagastrin-induced gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) response were investigated in anesthetized rats. A rat stomach was mounted on an ex vivo chamber, perfused with saline, and GMBF was measured by a laser Doppler flowmetry simultaneously with acid secretion. Pentagastrin infused intravenously produced a dose-dependent increase of GMBF as well as acid secretion, and its effect reached a maximum at 120 microgram/kg/hr (maximal dose). Pretreatment with omeprazole (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) completely inhibited the acid secretory response and the enhancement of GMBF induced by both submaximal (60 micrograms/kg/hr) and maximal doses of pentagastrin. In contrast, the luminal perfusion with glycine (200 mM) to remove luminal H+ almost totally attenuated the increase of GMBF caused by the submaximal dose of pentagastrin, without any effect on acid secretion, but partially suppressed such GMBF responses caused by the maximal dose. Subcutaneous pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, significantly mitigated GMBF response caused by both submaximal and maximal doses of pentagastrin, whereas 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), an adenosine antagonist, showed a significant inhibition of GMBF response caused by only the maximal dose. However, the combined administration of 8-PT with glycine perfusion further attenuated GMBF response caused by the maximal dose of pentagastrin, and the additional treatment with indomethacin completely blocked this this GMBF response. We conclude that pentagastrin-induced GMBF responses are mediated by at least two different pathways; one is related to luminal H+ and the other to the parietal cell activity, depending on the dose of pentagastrin. In addition, the latter pathway may be mediated by adenosine, while endogenous prostaglandins may be involved in both pathways.
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1171
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Motegi Y, Shirai M, Arai M, Kato S, Kawana Y, Goto F. Malignant hyperthermia during epidural anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 1996; 8:157-60. [PMID: 8695100 DOI: 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We anesthesized a patient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) three different times by epidural anesthesia with different types of local anesthetics. His skinned fiber test showed a marked acceleration of calcium (Ca2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). When ester type local anesthetic was used for ankle contracture repair, MH signs appeared following the release of the tourniquet. CICR test is reliable for diagnosing different types of MH.
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1172
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Kato S, Ebina K, Fujii K, Chiba H, Nakagawa H. Effect of omeprazole in the treatment of refractory acid-related diseases in childhood: endoscopic healing and twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity. J Pediatr 1996; 128:415-21. [PMID: 8774516 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical efficacy of once-daily treatment with omeprazole in refractory acid-related diseases in children. METHODS Endoscopic healing and 24-hour intragastric pH values were assessed in 13 patients with refractory reflux esophagitis (n = 5), refractory and/or giant duodenal ulcer (n = 6), or giant gastric ulcer (n = 2). The mean dose of omeprazole was 0.6 mg/kg per day (range, 0.3 to 0.7 mg/kg per day). Pharmacokinetic studies of omeprazole were performed in seven patients. RESULTS The cumulative healing rates at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment were 46%, 85%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Esophagitis in one patient did not heal despite increases in doses of up to 1.6 mg/kg per day (40 mg/day). The mean intragastric pH of omeprazole-treated patients was 5.2 (range, 3.0 to 6.6) and mean hydrogenion activity was 1.78 mmol/L (range, 0.01 to 10.42 mmol/L). There was wide interindividual variation in the reduction of gastric acid production. Mean intragastric H+ activity in omeprazole-treated patients was significantly lower than that of control subjects (p < 0.005) and that of patients treated with histamine type 2(H2)-receptor antagonists (p < 0.05). Mean intragastric H+ activity was not significantly correlated to the area under the concentration-time curve of omeprazole. No severe adverse effects were reported during treatment or at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Omeprazole has a potent antisecretory effect and is a suitable alternative for short-term treatment of refractory acid-related diseases; a relatively low dose (0.6 mg/kg per day) appears to be optimal in most patients. Unhealed esophagitis at 8 weeks of treatment was considered to be refractory to omeprazole.
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1173
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Ohshima T, Miyachi H, Fusegawa H, Tanaka S, Yabe H, Yabe M, Kato S, Ando Y. [Direct detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine specimens from bone marrow transplant patients by polymerase chain reaction]. RINSHO BYORI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 1996; 44:267-73. [PMID: 8857170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a major causative life-threatening agent that results in opportunistic infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Since antiviral therapy is available for severe HCMV infections, methods to rapidly identify infected patients are needed so that therapy can be promptly instituted. In this study, we used direct method to detect HCMV in urine specimens by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) to monitor urinary excretion of HCMV in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The viral DNA was amplified directly from preheated urine without further treatment prior to amplification. Five microliter of urine proved to give the most efficient amplification. The detection limit of the PCR assay for detection of HCMV was 10 copies/microl. The positive rate of the PCR assay and the tissue culture method for detection of HCMV were 15 of 61 (24.6%) and 4 of 61 (6.6%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay were 100% and 81% respectively. Based on these data, urinary excretion of HCMV in 21 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were monitored weekly by the PCR assay. As a result, in addition to a higher sensitivity, the PCR assay allowed to identify HCMV infection 3.1 (1 approximately 5) weeks earlier than culture method or antibody elevation. Repeated monitoring of virus excretion by this rapid and simple method was useful to promptly detect HCMV infection, allowing proper institution of antiviral drug therapy in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
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1174
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Ozawa K, Nakagomi K, Yonese J, Kojima S, Tsuzii T, Satake I, Tari K, Sakura M, Kato S, Kazumoto T. [Clinical evaluation of intra-operative radiotherapy combined with subtotal cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma]. HINYOKIKA KIYO. ACTA UROLOGICA JAPONICA 1996; 42:191-5. [PMID: 8619387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
From 1981 to 1994, intra-operative radiotherapy after subtotal cystectomy was performed on 22 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma on whom radical cystectomy could not be recommended because of old age or condition. All the patients received 25 to 30 Gy of radiotherapy focused on trigonum and internal urethral orifice after subtotal cystectomy with uretero-cutaneostomy. Of 22 patients, 15 patients died. Five patients died of bladder cancer, one died of gastric cancer, one died of rectal cancer and the others died of pneumonia, heart failure, sepsis and senility. The five-year survival rate was 41% and the cause-specific five-year survival rate was 75%. Local recurrence was seen only in one patients, who received second intra-operative radiotherapy and recovered well in complete remission. We believe that intra-operative radiotherapy after subtotal cystectomy is useful for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma on whom radical cystectomy could not be recommended because of old age or condition.
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1175
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Ohnishi M, Nakagawara K, Mori M, Kobayashi T, Kato S, Sasahara Y, Kusuda K, Chida N, Kobayashi T, Yanagawa Y, Hiraga A, Takeuchi T, Tamura S. Localization of the mouse protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2C beta gene to chromosome 17E 4-5. Genomics 1996; 32:134-6. [PMID: 8786102 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is one of four major classes of protein serine/threonine phosphatase and is considered to have a role in signal transduction of stress responses. It has two isotypes, alpha and beta, encoded by different genes. In this study, the mouse PP2C beta gene was mapped by in situ hybridization to chromosome 17E 4-5.
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