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Walker DG. The clinical manifestations and treatment of tetanus. JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:826-7. [PMID: 5258995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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202
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Walker DG. What is the significance of a positive Wasserman or VDRL? JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:748. [PMID: 5257235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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203
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Walker DG. Outline of a method for the detection of coagulation disorders. JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:670. [PMID: 5265215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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204
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Walker DG, Harrigan WF, Rowe NL, Walker RV. Clinical pathology conference on facial traum; panel discussion. JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:575-85. [PMID: 5306337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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205
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Walker DG. What is the significance of the leukocyte count? JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:431. [PMID: 5253843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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206
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Walker DG. The future of postgraduate education. A time for decision. Br Dent J 1969; 126:411-7. [PMID: 5255478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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207
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Walker DG. What is the significance of the thromboplastin generation test? JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:366. [PMID: 5253519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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208
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209
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Walker DG. Pediatric drug dosage: I. Surface areas. JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY (AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION : 1965) 1969; 27:151. [PMID: 4236719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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210
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Vernon RG, Eaton SW, Walker DG. Carbohydrate formation from various precursors in noenatal rat liver. Biochem J 1968; 110:725-31. [PMID: 5704820 PMCID: PMC1187446 DOI: 10.1042/bj1100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Measurements of the net synthesis of glucose plus glycogen from various precursors in slices of glycogen-depleted livers from rats at various stages of development indicated an increase in the gluconeogenic capacity after birth with l-lactate, oxaloacetate, a casein hydrolysate, l-serine, l-threonine, l-alanine and glycerol as substrates. 2. The highest rates of incorporation of (14)C-labelled precursors into glucose plus glycogen in slices of normal livers of rats of various ages were observed in such tissue preparations from neonatal animals for an amino acid mixture, l-alanine, l-serine and l-threonine. 3. The activities of rat hepatic l-serine dehydratase and l-threonine dehydratase increase rapidly after birth and show maxima about 20 days later. 4. The results provide further evidence of the increased capacity for hepatic gluconeogenesis in the neonatal period and suggest various sites of regulation of the process.
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211
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Cobb JP, Walker DG. Cytologic studies on human malanoma cells in tissue culture after exposure to five chemotherapeutic agents. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS 1968; 52:543-52. [PMID: 5743701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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212
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Abstract
1. The nature of the galactokinase present in the livers of foetal, newborn and adult rats was examined by the application of several separation procedures and by measurement of a range of kinetic parameters. 2. No evidence of enzyme heterogeneity at any stage of development was found during gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose or a variety of electrophoretic procedures. 3. The K(m) values, inhibition characteristics and other kinetic parameters appear to remain constant during development. 4. Rat liver galactokinase activity does not adapt to dietary changes in either the adult or the newborn rat; hence it is unlikely that the presence of galactose in milk controls the enzymic activity profile during development. 5. On the present evidence it is concluded that only one form of galactokinase is present in rat liver and that the enzymic activity is controlled by non-dietary factors.
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213
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Walker DG. Future trends in dentistry. Br Dent J 1968; 124:464-6. [PMID: 5239538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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214
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Vernon RG, Walker DG. Changes in activity of some enzymes involved in glucose utilization and formation in developing rat liver. Biochem J 1968; 106:321-9. [PMID: 4384135 PMCID: PMC1198506 DOI: 10.1042/bj1060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. The activities of some enzymes involved in both the utilization of glucose (pyruvate kinase, ATP citrate lyase, NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, all present in the supernatant fraction of liver homogenates) and the formation of glucose by gluconeogenesis (glucose 6-phosphatase in the whole homogenate and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, phosphopyruvate carboxylase, NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase and fumarase in the supernatant fraction) have been determined in rat liver around birth and in the postnatal period until the end of weaning. 2. The activities of those enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose into lipid are low during the neonatal period and increase with weaning. NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase first appears and develops at the beginning of the weaning period. 3. The marked increase in cytoplasmic phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity at birth is probably the major factor initiating gluconeogenesis at that time. 4. The results are discussed against the known changes in dietary supplies and the known metabolic patterns during the period of development.
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215
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Vernon RG, Walker DG. Adaptive behaviour of some enzymes involved in glucose utilization and formation in rat liver during the weaning period. Biochem J 1968; 106:331-8. [PMID: 5637344 PMCID: PMC1198507 DOI: 10.1042/bj1060331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. The effects of premature weaning on to normal and high-glucose diets and of normal weaning on to high-protein and high-fat diets on the activities of hepatic enzymes involved in both the utilization of glucose and the formation of glucose by gluconeogenesis in rats during the weaning period were investigated. 2. The effects of weaning and high-glucose diets were, in general, to bring about increases in the activities of enzymes involved in glucose utilization and a more rapid decrease of the activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes towards normal adult values. 3. The effects of weaning on to high-fat and high-protein diets were, in general, to lower the rate of increase in activities of the enzymes involved in glucose utilization, and to prevent the decrease in activity of the gluconeogenic enzymes that occurs during normal weaning. 4. The changes in the activity of cytoplasmic phosphopyruvate carboxylase appear to be of special significance; this and other results are in keeping with current theories about the pathways and control of gluconeogenesis. 5. The activity of ATP citrate lyase appears to be particularly important in lipid formation. 6. The results are interpreted in terms of the known adaptive behaviour of these enzymes in the adult rat. The roles of enzyme development and of enzyme adaptation in the elaboration of metabolic homoeostasis in the weanling rat are discussed.
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216
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Walker DG, Eaton SW. Regulation of development of hepatic glucokinase in the neonatal rat by the diet. Biochem J 1967; 105:771-7. [PMID: 5584016 PMCID: PMC1198378 DOI: 10.1042/bj1050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Feeding a high-glucose diet to weanling rats showed that high hepatic glucokinase activities could be induced at 18 days of age, i.e. 2 days after development of the enzyme begins. 2. The normal development of glucokinase activity can be retarded by weaning rats on to carbohydrate-free, high-fat and high-protein diets. 3. Precocious development of the enzyme before 16 days of age cannot be induced by oral glucose administration. 4. It is concluded that the ability to synthesize glucokinase develops very rapidly and that the nature of the diet determines the normal developmental pattern.
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217
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Parry MJ, Walker DG. Further properties and possibel mechanism of action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase from rat liver. Biochem J 1967; 105:473-82. [PMID: 5583991 PMCID: PMC1198334 DOI: 10.1042/bj1050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Magnesium ions are the most effective bivalent ions in the glucokinase reaction. 2. The molecular weight of rat hepatic glucokinase is 48000-49000 as assessed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. 3. Anomalous kinetic behaviour at low glucose concentrations appears to be due to the formation during the purification procedure of fragments possessing modified catalytic properties, but is unlikely to be of physiological significance. 4. Extension of previous studies (Parry & Walker, 1966) suggests that glucokinase catalyses a reaction of the random Bi Bi type similar to that of yeast hexokinase. 5. The inhibitory effects of various thiol reagents suggest that a thiol group may be involved at or near the binding site of the acceptor molecule.
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218
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Martin BF, Walker DG, Ransohoff J. Preliminary clinical and laboratory investigation of a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of brain tumors. J Natl Med Assoc 1967; 59:323-6. [PMID: 4864758 PMCID: PMC2611393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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219
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220
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Walker DG. Counteraction to parathyroid therapy in osteopetrotic mice as revealed in the plasma calcium level and ability to incorporate 3H-proline into bone. Endocrinology 1966; 79:836-42. [PMID: 5957198 DOI: 10.1210/endo-79-4-836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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221
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Parry MJ, Walker DG. Purification and properties of adenosine 5'-triphospae-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase from rat liver. Biochem J 1966; 99:266-74. [PMID: 5944237 PMCID: PMC1264993 DOI: 10.1042/bj0990266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. An 870-fold purification of glucokinase from rat liver is described which involves ammonium sulphate fractionation and the use of DEAE-Sephadex, DEAE-cellulose and polyacrylamide columns. 2. The preparation is free of any interfering enzymes and has a specific activity of 8mumoles/min./mg. of protein. 3. Glucokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose, mannose and 2-deoxyglucose. 4. The enzyme is inhibited by high concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate only; ADP is an inhibitor whose effect depends on the Mg(2+) concentration. 5. The properties of glucokinase are compared briefly with those of other phosphotransferases.
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222
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Walker DG. A facial index for oral surgery. Proc R Soc Med 1966; 59:71-4. [PMID: 5902383 PMCID: PMC1900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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223
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Walker DG. Elevated bone collagenolytic activity and hyperplasia of parafollicular light cells of the thyroid gland in parathormone-treated grey-lethal mice. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1966; 72:100-24. [PMID: 5973649 DOI: 10.1007/bf00336900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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224
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Abstract
1. Glucokinase and hexokinase activities have been determined in the livers of newborn rats and attempts made to influence in vivo the development of the glucokinase. 2. Glucokinase first appears in rat liver about 16 days after birth and adult activities are reached 10-12 days later. Evidence is presented which indicates that this represents synthesis of new protein. Hexokinase activities remain constant throughout the period of glucokinase development. 3. Both exogenous glucose and insulin are necessary for the natural development of glucokinase, for this is retarded in starved and alloxan-diabetic neonatal rats. 4. The absence of glucokinase during the first 2 weeks of extrauterine life in the rat is not due to lack of insulin. 5. Attempts to advance the time at which glucokinase first appears by infusions of glucose, insulin and chlorpropamide alone and in various combinations have resulted in marginal effects only. 6. When rats are starved for 3 days during the period of glucokinase development and then re-fed, glucokinase is more rapidly synthesized, indicating that the potential ability to synthesize glucokinase continues to develop throughout the period of starvation. 7. Some possible reasons for the comparatively late development of glucokinase are discussed.
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225
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Walker DG, Lyons MM, Wright JC. Observations on primary short-term cultures of human tumors. A second 5-year study. Eur J Cancer 1965; 1:265-73. [PMID: 5874723 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(65)90059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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226
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Lea MA, Walker DG. The metabolism of glucose 6-phosphate in developing mammalian tissues. Biochem J 1964; 91:417-24. [PMID: 4284638 PMCID: PMC1202970 DOI: 10.1042/bj0910417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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227
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Walker DG, Lapiere CM, Gross J. A collagenolytic factor in rat bone promoted by parathyroid extract. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1964; 15:397-402. [PMID: 5827784 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(64)90474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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228
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229
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Walker DG. Severe Infections of the Mandible. Proc R Soc Med 1947; 40:309-316. [PMID: 19993550 PMCID: PMC2183336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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230
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Walker DG. Cysts Involving the Ramus of the Mandible. Proc R Soc Med 1945; 38:451. [PMID: 19993092 PMCID: PMC2181475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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231
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Walker DG. Fractures of the Jaws: Should Teeth and Comminuted Bone be Removed? Proc R Soc Med 1942; 35:663-682. [PMID: 19992552 PMCID: PMC1998430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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