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Meisel A. Deciding for others. Hastings Cent Rep 1990; 20:48-9. [PMID: 2228590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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102
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Meisel A. F. W. de Wette (Hrsg). Solvay-Konferenz über Oberflächenwissenschaften Eingeladene Vorträge und Diskussionen. Springer Series in Surface Science, Band 14 Herausgeber der Reihe G. Ertl und R. Gomer, Geschäftsführender Herausgeber H. K. V. Lotsch. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo 1988, 501 Seiten, 214 Abbildungen, DM 110.00, ISBN 3-540-50. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170250115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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103
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Meisel A. R. Vanselow, R. F. Howe (Hrsg). Chemie und Physik von Festkörperoberflächen VII. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, Band 10 Herausgeber der Reihe G. Ertl und R. Gomer, Geschäftsführender Herausgeber H. K. V. Lotsch. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo 1988, 616 Seiten, 315 Abbildungen, DM 159.00, ISBN 3-540-50044-8. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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104
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Schaffner KF, Snyder JV, Abramson NS, Bar-Joseph G, D'Alecy LG, Edgren E, Lave JR, Meisel A, Miller BL, Mullie A. Philosophical, ethical, and legal aspects of resuscitation medicine. III. Discussion. Crit Care Med 1988; 16:1069-76. [PMID: 3168496 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-198810000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lidz CW, Appelbaum PS, Meisel A. Two models of implementing informed consent. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1988; 148:1385-9. [PMID: 3377623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The doctrine of informed consent has been controversial since its inception. In spite of the professed ideal of improving physician-patient communication, many commentators have argued that it interferes with the relationship. However, the problem may not be the doctrine itself but rather the manner in which it is usually implemented. This article describes two different ways in which informed consent can be implemented. The event model treats informed consent as a procedure to be performed once in each treatment course, which must cover all legal elements at that time. The process model, in contrast, tries to integrate informing the patient into the continuing dialogue between physician and patient that is a routine part of diagnosis and treatment. We suggest that the process model has many benefits.
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Meisel A. B. Hall, A. B. Ellis (eds). Chemistry and structure at interfaces — new laser and optical techniques. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, 1986, 351 Seiten, 109 Abbildungen, 16 Tabellen, DM 175.00, ISBN 3–527–26515–5. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170230206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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108
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Meisel A. A "dignitary tort" as a bridge between the idea of informed consent and the law of informed consent. LAW, MEDICINE & HEALTH CARE : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW & MEDICINE 1988; 16:210-8. [PMID: 3205052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1988.tb01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since the phrase informed consent was first uttered in a judicial opinion. Jay Katz's own ground-breaking work on informed consent is now more than 10 years old, and the insights of The Silent World of Doctor and Patient are so constantly fresh that it is easy to forget it too was not just recently published. While trying to develop some new thoughts about informed consent for this essay—a task made virtually impossible by Jay's work—I had reviewed an article by Professor Joseph Goldstein, one of Jay's frequent collaborators. Goldstein recounted discovering an index card he had written almost 30 years earlier (ironically for me, the year I was born) containing some notes about Harold Lasswell's work. Not only is law a seamless web, it is a timeless one.Jay's work on informed consent is pervaded by a timeless theme that I wish to address here: how the dignity of the individual, the shining beacon of the idea of informed consent, is sorely neglected in the law of informed consent.
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109
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Rosenstock J, Meisel A, Raskin P. Conversion from low-dose insulin therapy to glipizide in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 1987; 83:10-5. [PMID: 3307402 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effect of glipizide therapy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) previously treated with a low-dose insulin regimen. To determine the comparative safety and efficacy of these two treatment regimens, 135 patients with NIDDM who received low-dose insulin (40 units per day or less) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter trial. After a four-week period of continued insulin therapy, therapy was converted to the second-generation oral sulfonylurea, glipizide. This report includes efficacy data on 79 patients with NIDDM who completed an eight- to 10-week course of glipizide therapy. A majority of these patients were obese (more than 120 percent of ideal body weight), with a mean age of 61.4 years, and a mean duration of diabetes of 10.0 years. Conversion from low-dose insulin resulted in no deterioration in overall glycemic control as reflected by an unchanged glycosylated hemoglobin at 16 weeks. Seventy patients (89 percent) attained fair glucose control and continued an additional 12 weeks of glipizide maintenance therapy. Subgroup analysis by fasting plasma glucose criteria demonstrated that 44 percent of these patients had statistically significant improvements in glucose control with glipizide as compared with insulin therapy. As this study showed, many patients with NIDDM currently receiving treatment with low-dose insulin can have maintained and some even improved glucose and lipid parameters when therapy is converted to glipizide. The rate of hypoglycemic adverse reactions corrected for duration of treatment in all 135 patients was 0.32 event per patient-month of therapy with insulin as compared with 0.12 event per patient-month of therapy with glipizide. When issues of efficacy, safety, and convenience are considered, it might be more appropriate to administer an oral sulfonylurea to patients with NIDDM rather than proceeding to therapy with insulin.
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Meisel A. Leonard C. Feldman, James W. Mayer. Fundamentals of surface and thin film analysis. North-Holland, New York–Amsterdam–London, 1986, 352 Seiten, 175 Abb., 9 Tabellen im Anhang, ca. 150 Literaturzitate. ISBN 0-444-00989-2. US $ 47.50/Dfl. 125.00. In the USA/Canada the book is available from Elsevier Sc. Publ. New York, N.Y. 10017. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170220503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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111
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Meisel A. M. Grasserbauer, H. J. Duder, M. F. Ebel. Angewandte Oberflächenanalyse mit SIMS, Sekundär-Ionen-Massen-spektrometrie, AES, Auger-Elektronen-Spektrometrie, XPS, Röntgen-Photoelektronen-Spektrometrie. Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo 1986, 300 Seiten, 152 Abbildungen, 30 Tabellen, 1352 Literaturzitate, DM 198.00, ISBN 3-540-150501. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170220213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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112
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Abstract
Methodological constraints inherent in the rapidly growing field of resuscitation research have created an apparent conflict with newly promulgated federal regulations, especially those concerning informed consent requirements. We propose that two new concepts be applied to resuscitation research to satisfy the current federal regulations governing biomedical research. The first of these concepts is "minimal differential risk," ie, in resuscitation medicine, the difference between the risk of an undesirable outcome when standard, commonly accepted therapy may be used and the risk of an undesirable outcome with experimental therapy is minimal. The second concept is "deferred consent," ie, obtaining consent to continue with an experimental therapy after administration of that therapy has already begun. We believe that the emergency exception to informed consent applies to resuscitation research. Recognition of the applicability of these concepts to resuscitation research should allow compliance with federal and state regulations that otherwise might inhibit or preclude such research endeavors.
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Sommer H, John W, Meisel A. Stoichiometry of Thin Layers of CuInSe2 Investigated by ESCA. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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114
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Meisel A, Grenvik A, Pinkus RL, Snyder JV. Hospital guidelines for deciding about life-sustaining treatment: dealing with health "limbo". Crit Care Med 1986; 14:239-46. [PMID: 3943341 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-198603000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The decision to withhold life-sustaining treatment from hopelessly ill patients is fraught with ethical dilemmas and legal uncertainties. Although there are extensive published commentaries on the subject and the law is gradually becoming clearer, care-givers often need concrete guidance when confronted with actual cases. Hospital ethics committees can assist care-givers, patients, and families in resolving these dilemmas, but the committees also need some specific guidance to be relatively consistent. Therefore, the Ethics and Human Rights Committee of Presbyterian-University Hospital, one of the University Health Center Hospitals in Pittsburgh, has developed guidelines for deciding about life-sustaining treatment.
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Schroeder C, Jurkschat H, Meisel A, Reich JG, Krüger D. Unusual occurrence of EcoP1 and EcoP15 recognition sites and counterselection of type II methylation and restriction sequences in bacteriophage T7 DNA. Gene X 1986; 45:77-86. [PMID: 3023202 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selected and counterselected oligodeoxynucleotide sequences were identified in the total sequence of bacteriophage T7 DNA using a statistical criterion derived for a probability model of the Markov chain type. All extremely rare tetra- and pentadeoxynucleotides are (or contain) recognition sequences for the Escherichia coli DNA methylases dam or dcm. Most of the 37 hexadeoxynucleotides absent from T7 DNA are recognition sequences for type II modification/restriction enzymes of E. coli or related species. In contrast to most restriction sites counterselected during evolution, the EcoP1 site GGTCT occurs 126 times in the T7 genome, and phage T7 replication is severely repressed in P1-lysogenic host cells. We demonstrate that the frequency of the EcoP1 site is determined by that of the overlapping recognition sites for T7 primase, an essential phage enzyme. The recognition site of a type III enzyme, EcoP15, is also not counterselected. In T7 DNA all 36 EcoP15 sites are arranged in such a manner that the sequence CAGCAG is confined to the H strand, the complementary sequence CTGCTG to the L strand. This "strand bias" is highly significant and, therefore, very probably selected. A functional relation between this strand bias and the refractive behaviour of phage T7 to EcoP15 restriction is suspected.
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Meisel A. E.-E. Koch (Hrsg.). Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation. Bände 1 A und 1 B Herausgeber der Serie: D. E. Eastman, Y. Farge. North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford 1983, 1165 Seiten, Teil A US $ 149.00 (in USA & Canada), Dfl. 350.00 (Rest of World); ISBN 0-444-86709-0; Teil B US $ 149.00 (in USA & Canada), Dfl. 350.00 (Rest of World), ISBN 0-444-86710-0. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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118
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Abstract
Lawsuits seeking compensation for the suffering caused by tardive dyskinesia are becoming more common. Although most mental health professionals view the problem in the context of malpractice litigation, tardive dyskinesia is an example of a "mass accident," for which there are a number of judicially created remedies. These remedies include placing liability on manufacturers, asking society as a whole to bear the burden, and allowing patients with tardive dyskinesia to continue to carry the costs of their injuries. In attempting to influence policy in this area, psychiatrists should be sensitive to the implications of any policy for patient care.
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119
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Miller RA, Schaffner KF, Meisel A. Ethical and legal issues related to the use of computer programs in clinical medicine. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102:529-37. [PMID: 3883869 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-102-4-529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As computer programs are used with increasing frequency in the clinical setting, ethicists, lawyers, computer scientists, clinicians, and patients must confront a group of problems: In what situations is it appropriate to use a medical computer program? Who should use these programs and how should they be used? What is the legal status of a computer program that provides medical advice? Can a proper balance be achieved between confidentiality of patient information and shared access to records by health care personnel? How can regulatory agencies, physicians, and patients determine if a program is safe for human use? Will programs be able to communicate with users well enough to prevent clinically harmful misunderstandings? Because few if any definitive answers are yet available, these questions remain the subject of much discussion.
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Redden EM, Baker DC, Meisel A. The patient, the plastic surgeon, and informed consent: new insights into old problems. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985; 75:270-6. [PMID: 3969416 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198502000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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121
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Than E, Luthardt M, Marx G, Finster J, Meisel A. The reactive behaviour of the BCL3/H2/steel system. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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122
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Abstract
The law of informed consent seeks to actively involve patients in decision making. Most authorities agree that this involvement has not occurred but disagree about why. Some suggest that patients are incapable of understanding medical issues and others that physicians have not explained issues clearly or extensively enough. We observed decision making in several hospital settings and found other significant barriers to patient participation. These barriers include the fact that treatment decisions take place over a long period; there are often many decisions to be made; although patients want information about treatment, they typically believe that decision making is the physician's task; physicians do not understand the rationale for the patient's role in decisions; and the medical decision-making process often involves so many people that the patient does not know who is responsible.
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123
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Meisel A. G. Wedler. Lehrbuch der Physikalischen Chemie. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Deerfield Beach, Florida/Basel 1982. 940 Seiten, 342 Abbildunge, 79 Tabellen. Preis DM 98,–. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170181127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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124
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Meisel A. Advances in X-ray analysis, Vol. 24edited by D. K. Smith, C. S. Barrett, D. E. Leyden and P. K. Predecki. J Appl Crystallogr 1982. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889882012163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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125
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Roth LH, Lidz CW, Meisel A, Soloff PH, Kaufman K, Spiker DG, Foster FG. Competency to decide about treatment or research: an overview of some empirical data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 1982; 5:29-50. [PMID: 7107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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