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Aigbogun NW, Hawker JI, Stewart A. Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates in children with high-risk conditions--a systematic review. Vaccine 2014; 33:759-70. [PMID: 25556592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the elderly and those with certain chronic diseases. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for individuals in at-risk groups, but rates of vaccination are particularly low in children with high-risk conditions (HRCs). OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of studies that have examined interventions aimed at improving influenza vaccination in children with HRCs. METHODS Two databases - PubMed and SCOPUS - were searched (with no time or language restrictions) using a combination of keywords - Influenza AND vaccination OR immunization OR children AND asthma OR malignancy OR high-risk AND reminder. Duplicates were removed, and abstracts of relevant articles were screened using specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirteen articles were selected, and five additional studies were identified following a review of the reference lists of the initial thirteen articles, bringing the total number to eighteen. RESULTS Most studies were conducted in the United States. Among the 18 studies, there was one systematic review of a specific intervention in asthmatic children, seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), six before-and-after studies, one non-randomized controlled trial, one retrospective cohort study, one quasi-experimental post-test study, and one letter to editors. Interventions reported include multi-component strategies, letter reminders, telephone recall, letters plus telephone calls, an asthma education tool and year-round scheduling for influenza vaccination, amongst others. CONCLUSION There is good evidence that reminder letters will improve influenza vaccination uptake in children with HRCs, but the evidence that telephone recall or a combination of letter reminder and telephone recall will improve uptake is weak. It is not known if multiple reminder letters are more effective than single letters or if multi-component strategies are more effective than single or dual component strategies. There is a need for further research of these interventions, possibly outside the United States.
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Marek A, Smith A, Peat M, Connell A, Gillespie I, Morrison P, Hamilton A, Shaw D, Stewart A, Hamilton K, Smith I, Mead A, Howard P, Ingle D. Endoscopy supply water and final rinse testing: five years of experience. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Armstrong S, Fernando R, Tamilselvan P, Stewart A, Columb M. The effect of serial in vitro haemodilution with maternal cerebrospinal fluid and crystalloid on thromboelastographic (TEG®) blood coagulation parameters, and the implications for epidural blood patching. Anaesthesia 2014; 70:135-41. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Al-Zaubai N, Johnstone C, Rizzacasa M, Stewart A. 176 Resolvin D2 has mitogenic activity in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines via activation of estrogen receptor. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tu Y, Fietz E, Cameron J, Stewart A. 440 Phenotypic alteration in a highly metastatic variant of the MDA-MB-231 cell line: role of Annexin A1. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fajčíková K, Cvečková V, Stewart A, Rapant S. Health risk estimates for groundwater and soil contamination in the Slovak Republic: a convenient tool for identification and mapping of risk areas. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:973-986. [PMID: 24729053 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a quantitative estimation of health risks to residents living in the Slovak Republic and exposed to contaminated groundwater (ingestion by adult population) and/or soils (ingestion by adult and child population). Potential risk areas were mapped to give a visual presentation at basic administrative units of the country (municipalities, districts, regions) for easy discussion with policy and decision-makers. The health risk estimates were calculated by US EPA methods, applying threshold values for chronic risk and non-threshold values for cancer risk. The potential health risk was evaluated for As, Ba, Cd, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, NO3 (-), Pb, Sb, Se and Zn for groundwater and As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn for soils. An increased health risk was identified mainly in historical mining areas highly contaminated by geogenic-anthropogenic sources (ore deposit occurrence, mining, metallurgy). Arsenic and antimony were the most significant elements in relation to health risks from groundwater and soil contamination in the Slovak Republic contributing a significant part of total chronic risk levels. Health risk estimation for soil contamination has highlighted the significance of exposure through soil ingestion in children. Increased cancer risks from groundwater and soil contamination by arsenic were noted in several municipalities and districts throughout the country in areas with significantly high arsenic levels in the environment. This approach to health risk estimations and visualization represents a fast, clear and convenient tool for delineation of risk areas at national and local levels.
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De Bruin E, McGranahan N, Salm M, Wedge D, Mitter R, Yates L, Matthews N, Stewart A, Campbell P, Swanton C. 10: Intra-tumour heterogeneity in early-stage lung cancer inferred by multi-region sequencing. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Puglisi M, Thavasu P, Stewart A, de Bono JS, O'Brien MER, Popat S, Bhosle J, Banerji U. AKT inhibition synergistically enhances growth-inhibitory effects of gefitinib and increases apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:141-6. [PMID: 24957682 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EGFR inhibitors are ineffective against most EGFR wild-type non-small cell lung cancer, for which novel treatment strategies are needed. AKT signalling is essential for mediating EGFR survival signals in NSCLC. We evaluated the combination of gefitinib and two different AKT inhibitors, the allosteric inhibitor AKTi-1/2 and the ATP-competitive pan-AKT inhibitor AZD5363, in EGFR-mutant (HCC-827 and PC-9) and -wild-type (NCI-H522, NCI-H1651), non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drug interaction was studied in two EGFR mutant and two EGFR wild-type non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by calculating combination index (CI) using median effect analysis. The effects on p-EGFR, p-ERK, p-AKT, p-S6 and apoptosis were studied by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The combination of gefitinib and AKTi-1/2 or AZD5363 showed synergistic growth inhibition in all cell lines. CI values for the combination of gefitinib and AKTi-1/2 were 0.35 (p=0.0048), 0.56 (p=0.036), 0.75 (p=0.13) and 0.64 (p=0.0003) in NCI-H522, NCI-H1651, HCC-827 and PC-9 cell lines, respectively; CI values of 0.45 (p=0.0087) and 0.22 (p<0.0001) were observed in NCI-H522 and PC-9 cells, respectively, when gefitinib was combined with AZD5363. Additive inhibition of signalling output through AKT and key downstream proteins (S6) and increased apoptosis were demonstrated. CONCLUSION Dual inhibition of EGFR and AKT may be a useful up-front strategy for patients with EGFR-mutant and -wild-type non-small cell lung cancer.
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Tumusiime DK, Musabeyezu E, Mutimurah E, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Rudakemwa E, Ndacyayisenga V, Dusingize JC, Sinayobye JD, Stewart A, Venter FWD, Anastos K. Over-reported peripheral neuropathy symptoms in a cohort of HIV infected and uninfected Rwandan women: the need for validated locally appropriate questionnaires. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:460-7. [PMID: 25320598 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy symptoms (PNS) are commonly manifested in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, although data are limited on the prevalence and predictors of PNS in HIV+ patients from sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and predictors of PNS in HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) Rwandan women. METHODS Data were analysed from 936 (710 HIV+ and 226 HIV-) women from the Rwanda Women Interassociation Study and Assessment (RWISA), an observational prospective cohort study investigating the effectiveness and toxicity of ART in HIV+ women. RESULTS Of 936 enrolled, 920 (98.3%) were included in this analysis with 44% of HIV- and 52% of the HIV+ women reporting PNS (p=0.06). CD4+ count was not associated with PNS, although there was a non-significant trend towards higher prevalence in those with lower CD4+ counts. For the HIV- women, only alcohol and co-trimoxazole use were independently associated with PNS. WHO HIV stage IV illness and albumin ≤ 3.5 were associated with PNS in HIV+ women. CONCLUSIONS The rate of peripheral neuropathy symptoms reported in this cohort of HIV-infected African women seems implausible, and rather suggests that the screening tool for peripheral neuropathy in culturally diverse African settings be locally validated.
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Nacul L, Stewart A, Alberg C, Chowdhury S, Darlison M, Grollman C, Hall A, Modell B, Moorthie S, Sagoo G, Burton H. A Toolkit to assess health needs for congenital disorders in low- and middle-income countries: an instrument for public health action. J Public Health (Oxf) 2014; 36:243-50. [PMID: 23667249 PMCID: PMC4041098 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdt048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010 the World Health Assembly called for action to improve the care and prevention of congenital disorders, noting that technical guidance would be required for this task, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Responding to this call, we have developed a freely available web-accessible Toolkit for assessing health needs for congenital disorders. METHODS Materials for the Toolkit website (http://toolkit.phgfoundation.org) were prepared by an iterative process of writing, discussion and modification by the project team, with advice from external experts. A customized database was developed using epidemiological, demographic, socio-economic and health-services data from a range of validated sources. Document-processing and data integration software combines data from the database with a template to generate topic- and country-specific Calculator documents for quantitative analysis. RESULTS The Toolkit guides users through selection of topics (including both clinical conditions and relevant health services), assembly and evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information, assessment of the potential effects of selected interventions, and planning and prioritization of actions to reduce the risk or prevalence of congenital disorders. CONCLUSIONS The Toolkit enables users without epidemiological or public health expertise to undertake health needs assessment as a prerequisite for strategic planning in relation to congenital disorders in their country or region.
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Dalbeth N, House ME, Gamble GD, Pool B, Horne A, Purvis L, Stewart A, Merriman M, Cadzow M, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR. Influence of the ABCG2 gout risk 141 K allele on urate metabolism during a fructose challenge. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R34. [PMID: 24476385 PMCID: PMC3978630 DOI: 10.1186/ar4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both genetic variation in ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) and intake of fructose-containing beverages are major risk factors for hyperuricemia and gout. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the ABCG2 gout risk allele 141 K promotes the hyperuricaemic response to fructose loading. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n = 74) provided serum and urine samples immediately before and 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after ingesting a 64 g fructose solution. Data were analyzed based on the presence or absence of the ABCG2 141 K gout risk allele. RESULTS The 141 K risk allele was present in 23 participants (31%). Overall, serum urate (SU) concentrations during the fructose load were similar in those with and without the 141 K allele (PSNP = 0.15). However, the 141 K allele was associated with a smaller increase in SU following fructose intake (PSNP <0.0001). Those with the 141 K allele also had a smaller increase in serum glucose following the fructose load (PSNP = 0.002). Higher fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) at baseline and throughout the fructose load was observed in those with the 141 K risk allele (PSNP <0.0001). However, the change in FEUA in response to fructose was not different in those with and without the 141 K risk allele (PSNP = 0.39). The 141 K allele effects on serum urate and glucose were more pronounced in Polynesian participants and in those with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m². CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the predicted responses for a hyperuricemia/gout risk allele, the 141 K allele is associated with smaller increases in SU and higher FEUA following a fructose load. The results suggest that ABCG2 interacts with extra-renal metabolic pathways in a complex manner to regulate SU and gout risk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION The study was registered by the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610001036000).
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Tumusiime D, Stewart A, Venter F, Musenge E. The reliability of the modified lower extremity functional scale among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, in Rwanda, Africa. SAHARA J 2014; 11:178-86. [PMID: 25383643 PMCID: PMC4272140 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2014.976249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and affects their daily functional ability and quality of life. Lower extremity functional ability, which is most commonly compromised in patients with PN, has not been clearly evaluated in an African setting, with regard to functional limitations. The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was originally developed and validated among elderly people in the USA, where the environment and activities of daily life are very different from those in Rwanda. The purpose of this study was to adapt and establish the reliability of LEFS, among adults living with HIV on ART, in a Rwandan environment. The study translated LEFS from English to Kinyarwanda, the local language spoken in Rwanda, the LEFS was then modified accordingly, and tested for test-retest reliability among 50 adult PLHIV on ART. An average Spearman rank order correlation coefficient, ρ ≥ 0.7, was considered optimal for reliability. Prior to the modification of the LEFS and in the initial testing of the translated LEFS, none of the activities was strongly correlated (ρ ≥ 0.8); most of the activities (90%, 18/20) were moderately correlated (ρ ≥ 0.5) and 10% (2/20) were weakly correlated (ρ ≤ 0.5). The ρ of most of the functional activities improved after modification by an expert group to ρ ≥ 0.7, establishing reliability and validity of LEFS among PLHIV on ART with lower extremity functional limitations, in this environment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of modifying and establishing test - retest reliability of tools derived from developed world contexts to local conditions in developing countries, such as in Rwanda. The modified LEFS in this study can be used in Rwanda by clinicians, specifically at ART clinics to screen and identify people with functional limitations at an early stage of the limitations, for treatment, rehabilitation and/or referral to appropriate health care services.
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Huang J, Stewart A, Maity B, Hagen J, Fagan RL, Yang J, Quelle DE, Brenner C, Fisher RA. RGS6 suppresses Ras-induced cellular transformation by facilitating Tip60-mediated Dnmt1 degradation and promoting apoptosis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3604-11. [PMID: 23995786 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The RAS protooncogene has a central role in regulation of cell proliferation, and point mutations leading to oncogenic activation of Ras occur in a large number of human cancers. Silencing of tumor-suppressor genes by DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is essential for oncogenic cellular transformation by Ras, and Dnmt1 is overexpressed in numerous human cancers. Here we provide new evidence that the pleiotropic regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family member RGS6 suppresses Ras-induced cellular transformation by facilitating Tip60-mediated degradation of Dmnt1 and promoting apoptosis. Employing mouse embryonic fibroblasts from wild-type and RGS6(-/-) mice, we found that oncogenic Ras induced upregulation of RGS6, which in turn blocked Ras-induced cellular transformation. RGS6 functions to suppress cellular transformation in response to oncogenic Ras by downregulating Dnmt1 protein expression leading to inhibition of Dnmt1-mediated anti-apoptotic activity. Further experiments showed that RGS6 functions as a scaffolding protein for both Dnmt1 and Tip60 and is required for Tip60-mediated acetylation of Dnmt1 and subsequent Dnmt1 ubiquitylation and degradation. The RGS domain of RGS6, known only for its GTPase-activating protein activity toward Gα subunits, was sufficient to mediate Tip60 association with RGS6. This work demonstrates a novel signaling action for RGS6 in negative regulation of oncogene-induced transformation and provides new insights into our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Ras-induced oncogenic transformation and regulation of Dnmt1 expression. Importantly, these findings identify RGS6 as an essential cellular defender against oncogenic stress and a potential therapeutic target for developing new cancer treatments.
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Dalbeth N, House ME, Gamble GD, Horne A, Purvis L, Stewart A, Merriman M, Cadzow M, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR. Population-specific effects ofSLC17A1genotype on serum urate concentrations and renal excretion of uric acid during a fructose load. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:313-4. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McNamara DG, Asher MI, Rubin BK, Stewart A, Byrnes CA. Heated Humidification Improves Clinical Outcomes, Compared to a Heat and Moisture Exchanger in Children With Tracheostomies. Respir Care 2013; 59:46-53. [DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mellet E, Stewart A. The prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.17159/2413-3108/2013/v25i1a388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Ankle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sport and have a high recurrence rate.Aim. To determine the prevalence of clinical signs of ankle injuries in club rugby players in South Gauteng.Methods. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Of the 180 players from 9 clubs who were eligible for participation in thestudy, 76% (n=137) were recuited. Informed consent was obtained before players were asked to complete a battery of tests. Each player wasasked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Olerud and Molander questionnaire to determine the prevalence of clinical signs ofperceived instability. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical instability was determined by the anterior drawer test (ADT) and talartilt test (TTT). Balance and proprioception were assessed by the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and this was used to determine theprevalence of clinical signs of functional instability.Results. The prevalence of perceived instability was 44%. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical ankle instability was 33%. There was anincreased prevalence of mechanical instability in players who had a history of previous ankle injuries: ADT left (p=0.003); ADT right (p=0.01);TTT left (p=0.001); TTT right (p=0.08), both tests positive left (p=0.001) and both tests positive right (p=0.03). The prevalence of clinical signsof functional ankle instability depended on the surface and visual input, and was greater as the challenge or perturbation increased.Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players for perceived, mechanical and functionalinstability. Those with previously injured ankles were more likely to have unstable ankles.
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Mellet E, Stewart A. The prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2013/v25i1a388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Ankle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sport and have a high recurrence rate.Aim. To determine the prevalence of clinical signs of ankle injuries in club rugby players in South Gauteng.Methods. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Of the 180 players from 9 clubs who were eligible for participation in thestudy, 76% (n=137) were recuited. Informed consent was obtained before players were asked to complete a battery of tests. Each player wasasked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Olerud and Molander questionnaire to determine the prevalence of clinical signs ofperceived instability. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical instability was determined by the anterior drawer test (ADT) and talartilt test (TTT). Balance and proprioception were assessed by the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and this was used to determine theprevalence of clinical signs of functional instability.Results. The prevalence of perceived instability was 44%. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical ankle instability was 33%. There was anincreased prevalence of mechanical instability in players who had a history of previous ankle injuries: ADT left (p=0.003); ADT right (p=0.01);TTT left (p=0.001); TTT right (p=0.08), both tests positive left (p=0.001) and both tests positive right (p=0.03). The prevalence of clinical signsof functional ankle instability depended on the surface and visual input, and was greater as the challenge or perturbation increased.Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players for perceived, mechanical and functionalinstability. Those with previously injured ankles were more likely to have unstable ankles.
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Chen DS, Feltquate DM, Smothers F, Hoos A, Langermann S, Marshall S, May R, Fleming M, Hodi FS, Senderowicz A, Wiman KG, de Dosso S, Fiedler W, Gianni L, Cresta S, Schulze-Bergkamen HB, Gurrieri L, Salzberg M, Dietrich B, Danielczyk A, Baumeister H, Goletz S, Sessa C, Strumberg D, Schultheis B, Santel A, Gebhardt F, Meyer-Sabellek W, Keil O, Giese K, Kaufmann J, Maio M, Choy G, Covre A, Parisi G, Nicolay H, Fratta E, Fonsatti E, Sigalotti L, Coral S, Taverna P, Azab M, Deutsch E, Lepechoux C, Pignon JP, Tao YT, Rivera S, Bourgier BC, Angokai M, Bahleda R, Slimane K, Angevin E, Besse BB, Soria JC, Dragnev K, Beumer JH, Anyang B, Ma T, Galimberti F, Erkmen CP, Nugent W, Rigas J, Abraham K, Johnstone D, Memoli V, Dmitrovsky E, Voest EE, Siu L, Janku F, Soria JC, Tsimberidou A, Kurzrock R, Tabernero J, Rodon J, Berger R, Onn A, Batist G, Bresson C, Lazar V, Molenaar JJ, Koster J, Ebus M, Zwijnenburg DA, van Sluis P, Lamers F, Schild L, van der Ploeg I, Caron HN, Versteeg R, Pouyssegur J, Marchiq I, Chiche J, Roux D, Le Floch R, Critchlow SE, Wooster RF, Agresta S, Yen KE, Janne PA, Plummer ER, Trinchieri G, Ellis L, Chan SL, Yeo W, Chan AT, Mouliere F, El Messaoudi S, Gongora C, Lamy PJ, del Rio M, Lopez-Crapez E, Gillet B, Mathonnet M, Pezet D, Ychou M, Thierry AR, Ribrag V, Vainchenker W, Constantinescu S, Keilhack H, Umelo IA, Noeparast A, Chen G, Renard M, Geers C, Vansteenkiste J, Teugels E, de Greve J, Rixe O, Qi X, Chu Z, Celerier J, Leconte L, Minet N, Pakradouni J, Kaur B, Cuttitta F, Wagner AJ, Zhang YX, Sicinska E, Czaplinski JT, Remillard SP, Demetri GD, Weng S, Debussche L, Agoni L, Reddy EP, Guha C, Silence K, Thibault A, de Haard H, Dreier T, Ulrichts P, Moshir M, Gabriels S, Luo J, Carter C, Rajan A, Khozin S, Thomas A, Lopez-Chavez A, Brzezniak C, Doyle L, Keen C, Manu M, Raffeld M, Giaccone G, Lutzker S, Melief JM, Eckhardt SG, Trusolino L, Migliardi G, Zanella ER, Cottino F, Galimi F, Sassi F, Marsoni S, Comoglio PM, Bertotti A, Hidalgo M, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Becker MA, Harrington SC, Goodman KM, Gonzalez SE, al Hilli M, Butler KA, Kalli KR, Oberg AL, Huijbers IJ, Bin Ali R, Pritchard C, Cozijnsen M, Proost N, Song JY, Krimpenfort P, Michalak E, Jonkers J, Berns A, Banerji U, Stewart A, Thavasu P, Banerjee S, Kaye SB. Lectures. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Banerji U, Stewart A, Thavasu P, Banerjee S, Kaye S. Human Cancer Cells Isolated from Ascites as Models to Optimize the Use of Targeted Anticancer Agents in Ovarian Cancer. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, Odhiambo J, Keil U, Stewart A. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:73-85. [PMID: 22771150 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This ISAAC Phase Three synthesis provides summarised information on the main findings of the study, regional tables and figures related to the prevalence and severity of current symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the main regions of the world. The large number of surveyed children (≈1,200,000), the large number of centres (233) and countries (98) that participated in ISAAC Phase Three makes this study the most comprehensive survey of these diseases ever undertaken. Globally, the prevalence for current asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in the 13-14-year age group was 14.1%, 14.6% and 7.3%, respectively. In the 6-7-year age group the prevalence for current asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was 11.7%, 8.5% and 7.9%, respectively. The study shows a wide variability in the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema which occurs not just between regions and countries but between centres in the same country and centres in the same city. This study definitively establishes that the prevalence of those diseases can be very high in non-affluent centres with low socioeconomic conditions. The large variability also suggests a crucial role of local environment characteristics to determine the differences in prevalence between one place and another. Thus, ISAAC Phase Three has provided a large body of epidemiological information on asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in childhood from contrasting environments which is expected to yield new clues about the aetiology of those conditions and reasons for their marked global variability.
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Stewart A, Katznelson R, Kraeva N, Carroll J, Pickworth T, Rao V, Djaiani G. Genetic variation and cognitive dysfunction one year after cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia 2013; 68:571-5. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hadley W, Stewart A, Hunter HL, Affleck K, Donenberg G, DiClemente R, Brown LK. Reliability and Validity of the Dyadic Observed Communication Scale (DOCS). JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2013; 22:279-287. [PMID: 23645977 PMCID: PMC3639442 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-012-9577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the reliability and validity of the Dyadic Observed Communication Scale (DOCS) coding scheme, which was developed to capture a range of communication components between parents and adolescents. Adolescents and their caregivers were recruited from mental health facilities for participation in a large, multi-site family-based HIV prevention intervention study. Seventy-one dyads were randomly selected from the larger study sample and coded using the DOCS at baseline. Preliminary validity and reliability of the DOCS was examined using various methods, such as comparing results to self-report measures and examining interrater reliability. Results suggest that the DOCS is a reliable and valid measure of observed communication among parent-adolescent dyads that captures both verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors that are typical intervention targets. The DOCS is a viable coding scheme for use by researchers and clinicians examining parent-adolescent communication. Coders can be trained to reliably capture individual and dyadic components of communication for parents and adolescents and this complex information can be obtained relatively quickly.
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Dalbeth N, House ME, Gamble GD, Horne A, Pool B, Purvis L, Stewart A, Merriman M, Cadzow M, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR. Population-specific influence ofSLC2A9genotype on the acute hyperuricaemic response to a fructose load. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1868-73. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Godlwana L, Stewart A. The impact of lower limb amputation on community reintegration of a population in Johannesburg: A Qualitative perspective. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v69i4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the experiences and perceptions of people with lower limb amputations from the Johannesburg metropolitan area on the impact that their amputations had on their lives and their return to their communities. Methods: Semi-structured audio-taped in-depth interviews were used to collect data on 12 purposively selected participants. Ethical clearance was obtained. A General Inductive Approach was used to generate or discover themes within the data using a process of systematic coding. Results: Emerging from the qualitative data were psychological, social and religious themes. Suicidal thoughts, dependence, poor acceptance, public perception about body image, phantom limb related falls and hopes of obtaining prostheses were reported. Some reported poor social involvement due to mobility problems and employment concerns, while families and friends were found to be supportive. Participants had faith in God. Conclusion: Generally, most participants had come to terms with the amputation and were managing well while some expressed that they were struggling with reintegration to their communities of origin three months postoperatively with both functional and psychosocial challenges.
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Olivier B, Naidoo V, Humphries C, Godlwana L, Romm M, Ntsiea V, Van Aswegen H, Myezwa H, Roos R, Mudzi W, Potterton J, Watt B, Maleka D, Mtshali S, Stewart A. Inter-examiner reliability when using the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) mark sheet for physiotherapy practical. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v69i4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) format is used during practical examinations as part of the physiotherapy undergraduate curriculum at the University of the Witwatersrand. Various factors influence inter-examiner reliability and investigating the inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE can lead to improvement of the examination process. The aim of this study was to establish inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE mark sheet. Methods: Twelve examiners participated in this study. Thirty-three second year PT students were examined at six stations and by two examiners at each station. The Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish inter-examiner reliability. Results: The general inter-examiner reliability of the OSPE mark sheet was high. There was a high correlation between examiners who had the same level of experience (r=0.79 to r=0.93; p<0.001). The background knowledge section of the OSPE mark sheet showed the greatest inter-examiner reliability (r=0.75 to r=0.91; p<0.001). Discussion: In general, a high inter-examiner reliability was found. Examiners with the same level of experience seemed to generally have better inter-examiner reliability when using the OSPE mark sheet. Furthermore, a well-described, operationalised list of micro-skills also improved inter-examiner reliability. Conclusion: The OSPE mark sheet aids inter-examiner reliability. The use of this method of examination should be encouraged.
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