101
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Towbin JA, Minter M, Brdiczka D, Adams V, De Pinto V, Palmieri F, McCabe ER. Demonstration and characterization of human cardiac porin: a voltage-dependent channel involved in adenine nucleotide movement across the outer mitochondrial membrane. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1989; 42:161-9. [PMID: 2477050 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(89)90051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The porins are a class of voltage-dependent, anion-selective, channel-forming proteins located in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). The porins are responsible for passage of adenine nucleotides across the OMM, as well as for specific binding of hexokinase and glycerol kinase. This porin-kinase complex has direct access to ATP generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and may be important in the regulation of glycolysis. Porin had not been described previously in humans but, due to its importance in bioenergetics, would be expected to be present, especially in organs requiring a large and constant supply of energy. We therefore postulated that porin would occur in human myocardium where it would be important in cardiac function. Polyclonal antibodies to bovine myocardial and rat liver porins were utilized in transblotting experiments after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human heart preparations from atria, ventricles, papillary muscles, and interventricular septum. These immunoblots demonstrated selective staining of a 34-kDa band. This was identical to the results obtained with purified porin and the antibodies. Also notable was the finding that the vast majority of this staining was found in the homogenate pellet after high speed centrifugation (20,000g), as would be expected for a mitochondrial protein. The demonstration of human cardiac porin by immunoblotting with rat liver and bovine myocardial porin antibodies is the first demonstration of cross-species identification of the porins. The success of this approach undoubtedly occurred because of strong homology between porins from a variety of species.
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102
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McCabe ER, Zhang YH, Descartes M, Therrell BL, Erlich HA. Rapid detection of beta s DNA from Guthrie cards by chromogenic probes. Lancet 1989; 2:741. [PMID: 2570984 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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103
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Towbin JA, Wu DR, Chamberlain J, Larsen PD, Seltzer WK, McCabe ER. Characterization of patients with glycerol kinase deficiency utilizing cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Hum Genet 1989; 83:122-6. [PMID: 2550352 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genomic DNA from five previously unreported patients with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD), dystrophic myopathy, and adrenal insufficiency were studied with genomic probes and cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus. These individuals, together with those reported by ourselves and others, show that patients with a contiguous gene syndrome involving the DMD, GK, and adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) loci have a broader distribution of microdeletion breakpoints than those observed among patients with classical DMD. This study demonstrates the use of the DMD cDNA probes to delineate the centromeric deletion breakpoints for patients with Xp21 microdeletions extending beyond the DMD locus. It also shows the practical diagnostic application of the DMD cDNA probes when the diagnosis of GKD is entertained in a patient with known DMD and only DNA is available for study.
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104
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Greenberg F, Wasiewski W, McCabe ER. Weaver syndrome: the changing phenotype in an adult. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 33:127-9. [PMID: 2750780 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320330120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 25-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Weaver syndrome after reevaluation because of the family's concern regarding recurrence risk for mental retardation in offspring of the woman's brother. The diagnosis was suggested on the basis of postnatal growth excess, camptodactyly, and developmental delay, but with a somewhat atypical facial appearance. When childhood photographs were reviewed, her facial characteristics were more consistent with those of Weaver syndrome in early childhood, but became less obvious with age. This is the second adult reported with Weaver syndrome and provides documentation of the adult phenotype. The diagnosis may be more difficult to make in adolescents and adults if one uses criteria developed for facial manifestations in young children.
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105
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Griffin LD, MacGregor GR, Muzny DM, Harter J, Cook RG, McCabe ER. Synthesis and characterization of a bovine hexokinase 1 cDNA probe by mixed oligonucleotide primed amplification of cDNA using high complexity primer mixtures. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1989; 41:125-31. [PMID: 2719857 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(89)90017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) catalyzes the first step in glucose metabolism, using ATP for the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. A portion of the HK1 gene was cloned by mixed oligonucleotide primer amplification of cDNA using primers of high complexity. The amino acid sequence for a partial fragment of bovine cardiac muscle HK was determined and used to create primer mixtures of 256- and 1024-fold complexity. Two products were generated from bovine cardiac muscle cDNA which show 82% nucleotide and 93% amino acid identity with a region of rat brain HK1 and cDNA. This work demonstrates that extension and amplification of cDNA probes may be successful even when amino acid sequence data indicate substantial codon degeneracy.
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106
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Seltzer WK, Angelini C, Dhariwal G, Ringel SP, McCabe ER. Muscle glycerol kinase in Duchenne dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency. Muscle Nerve 1989; 12:307-13. [PMID: 2549414 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) syndrome is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder. The syndrome often includes a myopathy that is similar histologically to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The glycerol kinase (GK) locus is in the Xp21 region in the midportion of the short arm of the X chromosome and is in close proximity to the DMD locus. We have investigated GK activity and subcellular distribution of muscle GK in DMD patients and in a patient with the complex GKD syndrome presenting with myopathy. We found no abnormality of muscle GK specific activity or subcellular distribution in DMD. In the patient with the complex GKD syndrome the specific activity and kinetics of muscle GK were normal, but the subcellular distribution of muscle GK was altered. Liver GK had less than 10% of normal activity and showed markedly altered kinetics. These findings indicate that there is no abnormality of muscle GK activity in DMD muscle. Furthermore, the normal GK activity in an individual with the complex GKD syndrome suggests that muscle and liver GK are genetically distinct. These findings support the concept that the complex GKD syndrome results from small deletions that affect closely linked but separate loci for DMD, GK and adrenal hypoplasia.
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107
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Minter M, Towbin J, Harter J, McCabe ER. Enzyme product blot for nondestructive assay of protein catalytic function in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1989; 178:22-6. [PMID: 2729576 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new method that permits rapid, sensitive, and specific enzymatic assay of proteins in polyacrylamide gels is described. The enzyme product blot described in this report involves percolation of the reaction mixture through a gel containing native enzyme which converts the labeled substrate to a labeled product with differing chemical properties. A permeable membrane with specific ligand-binding properties overlies the gel and binds the enzyme product, but not the substrate, as reaction mixture is blotted vertically. This membrane is washed free of substrate and the location of the product is identified by autoradiography. The autoradiogram is compared with the stained gel in order to recover the enzyme for amino acid sequence analysis. The enzyme product blot is demonstrated using glycerol kinase and hexokinase.
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108
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Jinks DC, Minter M, Tarver DA, Vanderford M, Hejtmancik JF, McCabe ER. Molecular genetic diagnosis of sickle cell disease using dried blood specimens on blotters used for newborn screening. Hum Genet 1989; 81:363-6. [PMID: 2703239 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The protein-based technologies used to screen newborns for sickle cell disease require confirmation with a liquid blood specimen. We have developed a strategy for rapid and specific genotypic diagnosis using DNA extracted from a dried blood spot on the filter paper blotter used to screen newborns. DNA could be microextracted from a specimen as small as a 1/8 inch diameter punched disc representing the dried equivalent of approximately 3 microliters of whole blood. We utilized the DNA from a 1/4 inch diameter specimen (12 microliters equivalent) for polymerase chain reaction amplification of the beta-globin region spanning the sickle cell mutation with detection by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Molecular confirmation of genotype from the original blotter would reduce the personnel costs associated with obtaining follow-up liquid blood specimens and would provide information to the family in a more timely and less equivocal manner.
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109
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Sokol RJ, McCabe ER, Kotzer AM, Langendoerfer SI. Pitfalls in diagnosing galactosemia: false negative newborn screening following red blood cell transfusion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 8:266-8. [PMID: 2540306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Newborn galactosemia screening programs using the fluorescence spot test to detect red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity are prone to inaccuracy if the screened infants have received blood transfusions. We describe an infant with galactosemia who received packed red cell transfusions in the first few days of life and was misdiagnosed after an initial positive screening test result. Although the patient was thought to have cytomegaloviral hepatitis, a percutaneous liver biopsy helped direct the evaluation toward identifying the galactosemia carrier state in both parents. This case report illustrates the need for careful consideration of the patient's history of transfusion of blood products when evaluating newborn screening results.
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110
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McCabe L, Ernest AE, Neifert MR, Yannicelli S, Nord AM, Garry PJ, McCabe ER. The management of breast feeding among infants with phenylketonuria. J Inherit Metab Dis 1989; 12:467-74. [PMID: 2516178 DOI: 10.1007/bf01802044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) involves using low phenylalanine-free or phenylalanine-free formulas and supplementation with sufficient phenylalanine for normal growth and development. Eighteen infants with phenylketonuria who received breast milk as their primary phenylalanine source were compared with ten other infants with PKU who received their phenylalanine primarily from infant formulas. There were no significant differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants for serum phenylalanine, serum tyrosine, length, weight, head circumference, haematocrit, haemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, percentage iron saturation, ferritin, plasma zinc and total calorie intake. Breast-fed infants did show lower mean corpuscular volume at 3 months and 6 months of age. Breast-fed infants had lower phenylalanine intake at 2, 4, 5 and 6 months of age. Breast-fed infants at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age had lower protein intake. Breast feeding may be continued in the newly diagnosed phenylketonuric infant without any apparent adverse nutritional consequences.
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111
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McCabe ER, Towbin J, Chamberlain J, Baumbach L, Witkowski J, van Ommen GJ, Koenig M, Kunkel LM, Seltzer WK. Complementary DNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus demonstrate a previously undetectable deletion in a patient with dystrophic myopathy, glycerol kinase deficiency, and congenital adrenal hypoplasia. J Clin Invest 1989; 83:95-9. [PMID: 2536049 PMCID: PMC303648 DOI: 10.1172/jci113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA from a patient with dystrophic myopathy, glycerol kinase deficiency, and congenital adrenal hypoplasia was investigated using cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus. Genomic probes had not detected a deletion in this patient. Southern analysis of Hind III-digested genomic DNA from this patient identified a deletion when the three distal Hinc II DMD cDNA fragments were used as probes. The deletion began in the genomic region corresponding to the 1.05-kb Hinc II cDNA fragment and extended through the 3' end of the DMD gene. This represents a centromeric breakpoint that corresponds to a position approximately 10.2-10.6 kb from the 5' end of the 14-kb DMD cDNA. These investigations demonstrate the value of the DMD cDNA probes for improved diagnoses in patients with molecular lesions involving the DMD locus. Furthermore, this novel deletion involving the coding portion of the 3' end of the DMD gene assists in the ordering of exons in this region and will provide insight into the functional role of the carboxy terminus of the DMD gene product, dystrophin.
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112
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113
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Burke BA, Wick MR, King R, Thompson T, Hansen J, Darrae BT, Francke U, Seltzer WK, McCabe ER, Scheithauer BW. Congenital adrenal hypoplasia and selective absence of pituitary luteinizing hormone: a new autosomal recessive syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 31:75-97. [PMID: 2906226 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320310111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypoplasia of the adrenal glands (CHA) is a rare condition, particularly in the absence of a central nervous system (CNS) anomaly. Two major types of CHA have been described in the setting of an apparently normal CNS and pituitary: a cytomegalic type usually with X-linked recessive inheritance and a miniature adult type that, when hereditary, is an autosomal recessive trait. Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked recessive trait, and it may be associated with CHA and adrenal insufficiency, presumably because of deletion of adjacent X-linked loci. We report on three sibling infants, one male and two females, with normal CNS and lethal CHA of the miniature adult type, selective absence of pituitary LH; two of the infants also had glycerol kinase (GK) activity that was decreased but not in the GKD range. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of X chromosome markers located at Xp21-p22 was carried out on the maternal grandfather, both parents, two of three affected infants, and a living normal brother. The results excluded the X-linked type of this disorder associated with GKD in this family. Autosomal recessive inheritance is most likely.
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114
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Kirshon B, Wasserstrum N, Willis R, Herman GE, McCabe ER. Teratogenic effects of first-trimester cyclophosphamide therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72:462-4. [PMID: 3136412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous cyclophosphamide was administered for severe exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus to a patient not known to be in the first trimester of pregnancy. The patient received no other medication except prednisone. Her neonate was born with multiple anomalies, including absent thumbs, cleft palate, low-set ears, and multiple eye abnormalities. These anomalies probably reflect teratogenic effects of cyclophosphamide, and indicate that judgment is required before its use in the first trimester. Furthermore, this case illustrates the need for effective contraception and repetitive pregnancy testing when potentially teratogenic agents are administered to presumably nonpregnant women in the reproductive age group.
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115
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Whyte MP, Mahuren JD, Fedde KN, Cole FS, McCabe ER, Coburn SP. Perinatal hypophosphatasia: tissue levels of vitamin B6 are unremarkable despite markedly increased circulating concentrations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Evidence for an ectoenzyme role for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. J Clin Invest 1988; 81:1234-9. [PMID: 3350970 PMCID: PMC329654 DOI: 10.1172/jci113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
"Perinatal" hypophosphatasia is the most severe form of this inborn error of metabolism, which is characterized by deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific (liver/bone/kidney) isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (TNSALP). We report that autopsy tissue from three affected subjects, which was profoundly low in ALP activity, had essentially unremarkable levels of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal, and total vitamin B6 content despite markedly elevated plasma PLP levels (5,800, 14,500, and 98,500 nM; adult norm, 5-109 nM). Our findings help to explain the general absence of symptoms of vitamin B6 excess or deficiency in hypophosphatasia, and provide evidence that TNSALP acts as an ectoenzyme to regulate extracellular rather than intracellular concentrations of PLP (the cofactor form of vitamin B6) and perhaps other phosphate compounds.
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116
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Peterson K, Slover R, Gass S, Seltzer WK, McCabe LL, McCabe ER. Blood phenylalanine estimation for the patient with phenylketonuria using a portable device. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE AND METABOLIC BIOLOGY 1988; 39:98-104. [PMID: 3355720 DOI: 10.1016/0885-4505(88)90063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable method is described which is suitable for estimation of a whole blood phenylalanine concentration for the patient with PKU in various settings including the physician's office and the home. Excellent correlations were obtained between this method and weighed phenylalanine standards, as well as with measurement of phenylalanine in serum, plasma, and whole blood, using the McCaman-Robins fluorometric assay. Increasing the frequency and rapidity of feedback to the patient should improve metabolic control, just as home glucose monitoring has for the patient with diabetes mellitus. This method is immediately adaptable to monitoring patients with tyrosinemia, and with substitution of the appropriate amino acid ammonia lyase could be used for other amino acidemias.
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117
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Kotzer AM, McCabe ER. Newborn screening for inherited metabolic disease: principles and practice. Neonatal Netw 1988; 6:15-9. [PMID: 3347197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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118
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Nord AM, McCabe L, McCabe ER. Biochemical and nutritional status of children with hyperphenylalaninaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 1988; 11:431-2. [PMID: 3149704 DOI: 10.1007/bf01800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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119
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McCabe ER, Nord AM, Ernest A, McCabe L. Evaluation of a phenylalanine-free product for treatment of phenylketonuria. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1987; 141:1327-9. [PMID: 3318396 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460120093043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten children with classic phenylketonuria (PKU) participated in a controlled study of a phenylalanine-free formula recently released in the United States (PKU-2). Control data were obtained in the clinic while the children were receiving their baseline formula. The children were given the study formula and returned to the clinic for follow-up after they had been receiving the new formula for 4, 8, and 12 months. Serum phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations, other hematologic measurements, urine analysis, growth, electroencephalogram, and physical findings remained similar to baseline values throughout the study. Nutrient intakes were comparable with the exception of a decrease in several micronutrients relative to baseline levels. We found that PKU-2 is appropriate for children with PKU who are over 3 years of age and may prove beneficial for the overweight child with PKU.
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120
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Kohlschütter A, Willig HP, Schlamp D, Kruse K, McCabe ER, Schäfer HJ, Beckenkamp G, Rohkamm R. Infantile glycerol kinase deficiency--a condition requiring prompt identification. Clinical, biochemical, and morphological findings in two cases. Eur J Pediatr 1987; 146:575-81. [PMID: 2828063 DOI: 10.1007/bf02467357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infantile glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized clinically by adrenal insufficiency and muscular dystrophy. The enzyme defect leads to increased levels of glycerol in blood and urine, which can be used for diagnosis. Without recognition of this condition, the chances for life-saving steroid treatment and for genetic counselling are missed. We report clinical, endocrinological, biochemical, and morphological findings in two non-related boys. One of them died in early infancy. The other is thriving at the age of 2 years although he is suffering from a myopathy not distinguishable from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We discuss when to suspect and how to confirm the diagnosis of infantile GKD, and under what precautions the condition is detectable by commonly used screening procedures for inborn errors of metabolism.
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121
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Mahoney DH, Ambruso DR, McCabe ER, Anderson DC, Leonard JV, Dunger DB. Lack of effect of lithium carbonate in patients with glycogenosis Ib. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1987; 141:985-6. [PMID: 3113232 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460090062025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium carbonate has been observed to induce neutrophilia in psychiatric patients and has been used in a number of childhood neutropenic disorders. We tried lithium carbonate in three children with glycogenosis Ib to see if the drug would alleviate the neutropenic complications of the disorder. Mean absolute neutrophil counts rose in one patient but not in the other two. Despite high-dosage schedules, serum lithium levels were highly erratic. Two patients developed potentially severe side effects, including polyuria, diarrhea, and altered mental status. One patient developed pneumonia despite a neutrophil count rise in response to therapy. Lithium carbonate is not useful in patients with glycogenosis Ib.
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122
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Wise JE, Matalon R, Morgan AM, McCabe ER. Phenotypic features of patients with congenital adrenal hypoplasia and glycerol kinase deficiency. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1987; 141:744-7. [PMID: 3035918 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460070046020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two unrelated boys with congenital adrenal hypoplasia and glycerol kinase deficiency were found to have similar features, including characteristic facies, testicular abnormalities, short stature, psychomotor retardation, and muscular dystrophy. The resemblance of these boys to other patients described in the literature suggests that a distinct phenotypic syndrome occurs in children with congenital adrenal hypoplasia and glycerol kinase deficiency.
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123
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McCabe ER, Huang SZ, Seltzer WK, Law ML. DNA microextraction from dried blood spots on filter paper blotters: potential applications to newborn screening. Hum Genet 1987; 75:213-6. [PMID: 3030923 DOI: 10.1007/bf00281061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microextraction of DNA from dried blood specimens would ease specimen transport to centralized laboratory facilities for recombinant DNA diagnosis in the same manner as use of dried blood spots allowed the broad application of screening tests to newborn populations. A method is described which reproducibly yields 0.5 microgram DNA from the dried equivalent of 50 microliters whole blood. Though DNA yields decreased with storage of dried specimens at room temperature, good-quality DNA was still obtained. Sufficient DNA was routinely obtained for Southern blot analysis using repetitive and unique sequences. This microextraction procedure will allow immediate application of molecular genetic technology to direct newborn screening follow-up of disorders amenable to DNA diagnosis, such as sickle cell anemia, and may eventually permit primary DNA screening for specific mutations.
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124
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Francke U, Harper JF, Darras BT, Cowan JM, McCabe ER, Kohlschütter A, Seltzer WK, Saito F, Goto J, Harpey JP. Congenital adrenal hypoplasia, myopathy, and glycerol kinase deficiency: molecular genetic evidence for deletions. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 40:212-27. [PMID: 2883886 PMCID: PMC1684111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked recessive trait that occurs in association with congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AH) and developmental delay with or without congenital dystrophic myopathy. Several such patients have recently been reported to have cytological deletions of chromosome region Xp21 and/or of DNA markers that map near the locus for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in band Xp21. We have examined the initial family reported in the literature and, using prometaphase chromosome studies and Southern blot analysis with 13 different DNA probes derived from band Xp21, have found no deletions within this region of the X chromosome. When DNA samples from six other unrelated affected males were analyzed, four of them were found to have different-size deletions within Xp21. Thus, the form of GKD associated with AH and dystrophic myopathy exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity at the DNA level. No deletions were detected in two patients with isolated GK deficiency. Comparison of our molecular studies of unrelated patients with deletions of DNA segments allows us to define the region of Xp21 (between probes J-Bir and L1.4) that most likely contains the genes for GKD and AH. This location is distal to the DMD locus. The patients with progressive muscular dystrophy tended to have larger deletions that include markers known to derive from the DMD locus, while GKD/AH/dystrophic-myopathy patients without current evidence of deletion seemed to have a milder, nonprogressive form of congenital myopathy.
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125
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Sadava D, Depper M, Gilbert M, Bernard B, McCabe ER. Development of enzymes of glycerol metabolism in human fetal liver. BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE 1987; 52:26-32. [PMID: 3040134 DOI: 10.1159/000242681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The activities of three key enzymes of glycerol metabolism were measured in liver samples from 37 human fetuses ranging in gestational age from 18 weeks to term, from neonates (1-3 days) and from infants to 2 years. Glycerol kinase specific activity was constant throughout the period of fetal development examined, and was comparable to that measured in neonates and infants. However, the subcellular distribution of the activity changed markedly, being predominantly particulate in fetal samples and cytoplasmic in postnatal samples. The particulate activity had an elevated Km for glycerol. Cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was very low in the fetal period, and then rose to adult levels during infancy. There were no kinetic differences between the fetal and postnatal activities. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity rose somewhat after birth to near adult levels. The data indicate that glycerol can be metabolized by human fetal, neonatal and infant liver.
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