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Haid A, Tausch C, Lang A, Lutz J, Fritzsche H, Peschina W, Breitfellner G, Sega W, Aufschnaiter M, Sturn H, Zimmermann G. Is sentinel lymph node biopsy reliable and indicated after preoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma? Cancer 2001; 92:1080-4. [PMID: 11571718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies support the concept and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) for staging patients with breast carcinoma, which can be performed with low morbidity in lymph node negative patients. Preoperative chemotherapy (PC) plays an important role in the treatment of patients with operable breast carcinoma and is another approach with which to reduce radical surgery in patients with more advanced disease. It is of interest whether the sentinel lymph node accurately represents the axillary status after PC and, thus, whether the sentinel node concept can be applied to both groups. METHODS Thirty-three patients underwent SNB after chemotherapy and prior to axillary lymph node dissection. RESULTS The average greatest tumor dimension before chemotherapy (33 mm +/- 2 mm) was significantly larger (P = 0.000) than after therapy (20 mm +/- 3 mm). Histopathologic complete remission was seen in only three patients. One or two sentinel lymph nodes (average, 1.7 lymph nodes) were identified with certainty in 29 of 33 procedures and accurately predicted axillary lymph node status in all of these patients. Breast-conserving surgery was possible in 21 patients (64%), and axillary lymph nodes were involved in 22 patients (67%). CONCLUSIONS Even after patients undergo PC, SNB seems to be a reliable method for accurate staging of the axilla in those more advanced breast carcinoma. Thus, axillary dissection may be avoided in certain patients. Lymph node involvement seems to be likely in women with suspicious axillary findings before chemotherapy who have no visible sentinel lymph nodes on preoperative lymphosintigraphy and in patients without recurrent tumors. Further investigation of the SNB concept in this patient group should be evaluated in larger studies.
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Zimmermann G. Invited Commentary to: "Analysis of Surgery-Related Complications in Thyroid Carcinoma - A German Prospective Multicentre Study with 275 Patients" (Acta Chir. Austriaca 2001;33:194 - 198). Eur Surg 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1563-2563.2001.01167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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103
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Zimmermann G. Editorial. Eur Surg 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1563-2563.2001.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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104
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Grams F, Brandstetter H, D'Alò S, Geppert D, Krell HW, Leinert H, Livi V, Menta E, Oliva A, Zimmermann G, Gram F, Brandstetter H, D'Alò S, Geppert D, Krell HW, Leinert H, Livi VMenta E, Oliva A, Zimmermann G. Pyrimidine-2,4,6-Triones: a new effective and selective class of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Biol Chem 2001; 382:1277-85. [PMID: 11592410 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that have been implicated in various disease processes. Different classes of MMP inhibitors, including hydroxamic acids, phosphinic acids and thiols, have been previously described. Most of these mimic peptides and most likely bind in a similar way to the corresponding peptide substrates. Here we describe pyrimidine-triones as a completely new class of metalloprotease inhibitors. While the pyrimidine-trione template is used as the zinc-chelating moiety, the substituents have been optimized to yield inhibitors comparable in their inhibition efficiency of matrix metalloproteinases to hydroxamic acid derivatives such as batimastat. However, they are much more specific for a small subgroup of MMPs, namely the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9).
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Anziani OS, Zimmermann G, Guglielmone AA, Vazquez R, Suarez V. Avermectin resistance in Cooperia pectinata in cattle in Argentina. Vet Rec 2001; 149:58-9. [PMID: 11488345 DOI: 10.1136/vr.149.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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106
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Ion-Nedelcu N, Craciun D, Pitigoi D, Popa M, Hennessey K, Roure C, Aston R, Zimmermann G, Pelly M, Gay N, Strebel P. Measles elimination: a mass immunization campaign in Romania. Am J Public Health 2001; 91:1042-5. [PMID: 11441727 PMCID: PMC1446714 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.7.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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107
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Wharton KA, Zimmermann G, Rousset R, Scott MP. Vertebrate proteins related to Drosophila Naked Cuticle bind Dishevelled and antagonize Wnt signaling. Dev Biol 2001; 234:93-106. [PMID: 11356022 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2001.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signals control cell fate decisions and orchestrate cell behavior in metazoan animals. In the fruit fly Drosophila, embryos defective in signaling mediated by the Wnt protein Wingless (Wg) exhibit severe segmentation defects. The Drosophila segment polarity gene naked cuticle (nkd) encodes an EF hand protein that regulates early Wg activity by acting as an inducible antagonist. Nkd antagonizes Wg via a direct interaction with the Wnt signaling component Dishevelled (Dsh). Here we describe two mouse and human proteins, Nkd1 and Nkd2, related to fly Nkd. The most conserved region among the fly and vertebrate proteins, the EFX domain, includes the putative EF hand and flanking sequences. EFX corresponds to a minimal domain required for fly or vertebrate Nkd to interact with the basic/PDZ domains of fly Dsh or vertebrate Dvl proteins in the yeast two-hybrid assay. During mouse development, nkd1 and nkd2 are expressed in multiple tissues in partially overlapping, gradient-like patterns, some of which correlate with known patterns of Wnt activity. Mouse Nkd1 can block Wnt1-mediated, but not beta-catenin-mediated, activation of a Wnt-dependent reporter construct in mammalian cell culture. Misexpression of mouse nkd1 in Drosophila antagonizes Wg function. The data suggest that the vertebrate Nkd-related proteins, similar to their fly counterpart, may act as inducible antagonists of Wnt signals.
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Scheyer M, Arnold S, Zimmermann G. Minimally invasive operation techniques for inguinal hernia: spectrum of indications in Austria. Hernia 2001; 5:73-9. [PMID: 11505652 DOI: 10.1007/s100290100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the 1990s, the introduction of endoscopic surgery led to the surgical treatment of hernias being reconsidered. At present, there are three groups of surgical procedures: conventional procedures (Shouldice, Bassini), open, tension-free mesh procedures (Lichtenstein, Gilbert, Rutkow) and endoscopic procedures, predominantly transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP). The debate about the optimum treatment for hernias provoked by the endoscopic procedures is understandable in view of the large number of hernia operations performed. Numerous studies, some randomised, have demonstrated both advantages and disadvantages for the individual surgical procedures. In addition to the recurrence and complication rates, the cost factor and socio-economic aspects of the operations are playing an increasingly important role in deciding which method should be used. In December 1995, Austrian surgeons concerned with the problems of hernia repair both before and since the introduction of laparoscopic hernia repair came together for a consensus conference. During the meeting, the relevant aspects were summarised and a range of indications were established for surgical interventions. The main recommendation was that conventional open surgery, which can be performed under local anaesthesia, is indicated in unilateral uncomplicated primary hernias. Endoscopic hernioplasty is indicated if the contralateral findings are inconclusive or the hernia is bilateral or recurrent. The Zürser Hernienforum (Zürs Hernia Forum) has now been founded. The function of this forum is to carry out a prospective randomised study of inguinal hernia surgery throughout Austria.
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Hergan K, Müller G, Haid A, Zimmermann G, Oser W. Heart luxation through a right-sided traumatic pericardial defect. Eur Radiol 2001; 11:825-7. [PMID: 11372616 DOI: 10.1007/s003300000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A traumatic defect of the pericardium is a rarely diagnosed entity. We present a patient with a right-sided luxation of the heart which was incidentally diagnosed during a thoracic CT performed for other reasons. Despite of the threatening strangulation of the great vessels, the patient had a stable circulation until surgical repair of the pericardial defect.
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Schwenzer R, Zimmermann G, Fotin M, Wajant H, Grell M. No RISC, no fun: assembly of receptor-induced signalling complexes in the tumor necrosis factor system. Eur Cytokine Netw 2000; 11:519-20. [PMID: 11203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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111
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Gerspach J, Götz A, Zimmermann G, Kolle C, Böttinger H, Grell M. Detection of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor (TNF): an analysis of TNF-specific reagents. Microsc Res Tech 2000; 50:243-50. [PMID: 10891890 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<243::aid-jemt8>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exists in two bioactive forms, the membrane integrated form and the proteolytically derived soluble cytokine. Both forms of TNF are involved in a variety of different physiological and pathophysiological situations. Here we analyzed different human and mouse TNF-specific reagents for their ability to determine the expression of membrane-expressed TNF. The data prove some antibodies to be very useful for the analysis of transmembrane TNF expression because these antibodies distinguish between the transmembrane form of TNF and soluble TNF bound to cellular TNF receptors. In addition, we found that recombinant human TNF receptor fusion proteins are advantageous tools to analyze both human and mouse transmembrane TNF expression.
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Anziani OS, Zimmermann G, Guglielmone AA, Forchieri M, Volpogni MM. Evaluation of insecticide ear tags containing ethion for control of pyrethroid resistant Haematobia irritans (L.) on dairy cattle. Vet Parasitol 2000; 91:147-51. [PMID: 10889367 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A field study was conducted in central Argentina to evaluate the efficacy of ear tags containing 36% ethion against pyrethroid resistant populations of Haematobia irritans on grazing dairy cattle. The treated group consisted of 45 milking Holstein cows which received two tags per head and the control consisted of 22 dry cows from the same cohort. Treated and control groups were grazed on similar lucerne pastures separated for a minimum distance of 800 m but they were not isolated from other cattle herds on the same or contiguous properties. In both groups, horn fly estimation were made weekly by examining cattle in the pastures with the aid of binoculars. The percentage reduction of fly numbers on treated cows was considered as efficacy of control provided by the tags. The ethion ear tags provided a range of 85-99% reduction in horn fly numbers for 16 weeks. During this period, the weekly mean number of H. irritans on the tagged cows ranged between 0.44 and 28.26 compared with 143.5 and 239.1 in control animals. The ethion ear tags could be a useful tool for the control of H. irritans mainly in areas where populations of this insect have developed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.
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113
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Lorentz A, Konermann W, Kellenbenz C, Heine T, Zimmermann G, Segiet W, Jani L. [Mannheim concept of preoperative autologous blood donation and perioperative autologous blood transfusion in hip endoprosthesis surgery]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 2000; 138:311-7. [PMID: 11033898 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficiency of preoperative autologous deposit and intra- and postoperative cell salvage (CS) to reduce homologous transfusion in hip arthroplasty and revision hip arthroplasty. METHODS In a retrospective study, the data of 1402 patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty and for revision hip arthroplasty were analysed. RESULTS 767 women and 635 men, age 62.9 +/- 9.8 years (x +/- s) were included in the study. 1270 were scheduled for hip arthroplasty, 132 for revision hip arthroplasty. Of the autologous donors, 51 patients predeposited four units, 1020 patients three, 204 patients two, 39 patients one unit. 88 patients who had not enrolled in the autologous donation program but received CS served as a control group. Blood loss in autologous donors amounted to 1620 (220-5620) ml in hip arthroplasty and 2830 (950-7910) ml in revision arthroplasty. CS was employed in part of the cases in arthroplasty and in all revision operations. 470 (0-2200) ml and 705 (0-2200) were retransfused. In hip arthroplasty 227 of 1182 patients (19.2%) received homologous blood. Homologous transfusion in patients with coxarthrosis due to acetabular protrusio, avascular necrosis of the femoral head and hip dysplasia showed a trend to higher values. Patients who had donated 3 units and received CS required homologous transfusion in 12.4% of the cases. CS reduced the homolgous transfusion rate significantly if the preoperative hemoglobin concentration was < or = 12 g/dl. A group of autologous donors receiving CS was matched with patients receiving CS only. 12 of 76 (15.8%) vs. 45 of 76 (59.2%) required homologous transfusion. In revision hip arthroplasty 58 of 132 patients (43.9%) required homologous blood. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative deposit reduces homologous transfusion requirements considerably in hip surgery. Under the conditions studied CS should be employed in hip arthroplasty in addition to preoperative deposit if the preoperative hemoglobin concentration falls below 12 g/dl. In revision arthroplasty, 4 or more autologous units should be predeposited and CS should be used regularly.
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Shewry PR, Tatham AS, Killermann B, Zimmermann G. Relationship between allelic variation of Glu-1, Glu-3 and Gli-1 prolamin loci and baking quality in doubled haploid wheat populations. WHEAT GLUTEN 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847552372-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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115
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Wieser H, Zimmermann G. Importance of amounts and proportions of high molecular weight subunits of glutenin for wheat quality. Eur Food Res Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s002170050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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116
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Jork A, Thürmer F, Cramer H, Zimmermann G, Gessner P, Hämel K, Hofmann G, Kuttler B, Hahn HJ, Josimovic-Alasevic O, Fritsch KG, Zimmermann U. Biocompatible alginate from freshly collected Laminaria pallida for implantation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 53:224-9. [PMID: 10709986 DOI: 10.1007/s002530050012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure is described for the extraction and purification of alginate from the inner stipes of the kelp Laminaria pallida. Alginate yield was about 10-15% of the dry mass, with a 70:30 mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio. Analysis of the purified alginate revealed a low polyphenol content while proteins were below detection level. The purified alginate was highly viscous, with 10-15 mPa s and 281 mPa s for a 0.1% and 0.5% solution, respectively, indicating a very high molecular mass (larger than 250 kDa). Bead formation occurred in the presence of divalent cations, but also in the presence of artificial serum (FCSIII) without added divalent cations. The biocompatibility of the alginate was tested with the in vitro mice lymphocyte test as well as by implantation of Ba2+ cross-linked beads beneath the kidney capsule of BB/OK rats. There was no evidence for significant mitogenic activity or fibrotic reaction. Biocompatibility of the alginate was also demonstrated by the encapsulation of human chondrocytes into Ca2+ cross-linked alginate beads. Immobilized chondrocytes grew and remained functional (i.e. they produced collagen).
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Zimmermann G, Zhou D, Taussig R. Activating mutation of adenylyl cyclase reverses its inhibition by G proteins. Mol Pharmacol 1999; 56:895-901. [PMID: 10531392 DOI: 10.1124/mol.56.5.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have implemented a yeast genetic selection developed previously by our laboratory to identify mutant mammalian type V adenylyl cyclases insensitive to inhibition by G(ialpha.) One mutation isolated was localized to the first cytoplasmic domain at a Phe residue (position 400), which is conserved in all nine isoforms of membrane-bound mammalian adenylyl cyclase. Biochemical characterization of the F400Y mutant revealed a dramatic conversion of the G(ialpha) response from inhibitory to stimulatory. This mutation results in additional activating effects. The mutant exhibits an enhanced sensitivity toward activation by either G(salpha) or forskolin. Synergism between G(salpha) and forskolin is not observed for the F400Y mutant, presumably because the mutant already is in the sensitized state. Additionally, an enhancement of the basal unstimulated activity was observed. This mutation, which is the first demonstration of an activating point in a mammalian adenylyl cyclase, mimics a sensitized conformation of the wild-type enzyme that underlies the synergism between stimulatory inputs, and additionally, removes the inhibitory regulatory input provided by G(ialpha). Because sensitizing adenylyl cyclase toward its stimulators can have profound biological implications, this raises the possibility that naturally occurring mutations resembling those at the Phe400 residue may be associated with human disease states.
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Schneider H, Thürmer F, Zhu JJ, Wistuba N, Gessner P, Lindner K, Herrmann B, Zimmermann G, Hartung W, Bentrup FW, Zimmermann U. Diurnal changes in xylem pressure of the hydrated resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia: evidence for lipid bodies in conducting xylem vessels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1999; 143:471-484. [PMID: 33862887 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia has the ability to recover from repeated prolonged and extreme desiccation cycles. During the dry state the inner walls of the xylem vessels seemed to be covered, at least partly, by a lipid film as shown by Sudan III and Nile Red staining. The lipid film apparently functioned as an 'internal cuticle' which prevented the adjacent parenchyma ray cells from complete water loss. The hydrophobic nature of the inner xylem walls was supported by the finding that benzene ascended as rapidly as water in the xylem of dry Myrothamnus branches. On watering, numerous lipid bodies were found in the water-conducting vessels, presumably formed from the lipid film and/or from lipids excreted from the adjacent living cells into the vessels. The presence of lipid bodies within the vessels, as well as the hydrophobic properties of the inner xylem walls, could explain the finding that the xylem pressure of hydrated, well watered plants (measured both under laboratory and field conditions with the xylem pressure probe) never dropped below c. -0.3 MPa and that cavitation occurred frequently at low negative xylem pressure values (-0.05 to -0.15 MPa). The xylem pressure of M. flabellifolia responded rapidly and strongly to changes in relative humidity and temperature, but less obviously to changes in irradiance (which varied between 10 and c. 4000 μmol m m-2 s-1 ). The morphological position of the stomata in the leaves could explain the extremely weak and slow response of the xylem pressure of this resurrection plant to illumination changes. Stomata were most abundant in the furrows, and were thus protected from direct sunlight. Simultaneous measurements of the cell turgor pressure in the leaf epidermal cells (made by using the cell turgor pressure probe) revealed that the xylem and the cell turgor pressure dropped in a ratio of 1:0.7 on changes in the environmental parameters, indicating a quite close hydraulic connection and, thus, water equilibrium between the xylem and cellular compartments. An increase in irradiance of c. 700 μmol m-2 s-1 resulted in a turgor pressure decrease from 0.63 to 0.48 MPa. Correspondingly, the cell osmotic pressure increased from 1.03 to 1.22 MPa. From these values and by assuming water equilibrium, the osmotic pressure of the xylem sap was estimated to be 0.25-0.4 MPa. This value seems to be fairly high but may, however, be explained by the reduction of the water volume within the vessels due to the floating lipid bodies.
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Grell M, Zimmermann G, Gottfried E, Chen CM, Grünwald U, Huang DC, Wu Lee YH, Dürkop H, Engelmann H, Scheurich P, Wajant H, Strasser A. Induction of cell death by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2, CD40 and CD30: a role for TNF-R1 activation by endogenous membrane-anchored TNF. EMBO J 1999; 18:3034-43. [PMID: 10357816 PMCID: PMC1171385 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.11.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily can induce cell death. For TNF-R1, Fas/APO-1, DR3, DR6, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, a conserved 'death domain' in the intracellular region couples these receptors to activation of caspases. However, it is not yet known how TNF receptor family members lacking a death domain, such as TNF-R2, CD40, LT-betaR, CD27 or CD30, execute their death-inducing capability. Here we demonstrate in different cellular systems that cytotoxic effects induced by TNF-R2, CD40 and CD30 are mediated by endogenous production of TNF and autotropic or paratropic activation of TNF-R1. In addition, stimulation of TNF-R2 and CD40 synergistically enhances TNF-R1-induced cytotoxicity. These findings describe a novel pro-apoptotic mechanism induced by some members of the TNF-R family.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/physiology
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Caspases/metabolism
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Ki-1 Antigen/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- bcl-X Protein
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Hempel R, Schupke H, McNeilly PJ, Heinecke K, Kronbach C, Grunwald C, Zimmermann G, Griesinger C, Engel J, Kronbach T. Metabolism of retigabine (D-23129), a novel anticonvulsant. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27:613-22. [PMID: 10220491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retigabine (D-23129, N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl) carbamic acid ethyl ester) is a potent anticonvulsant in a variety of animal models. Rats metabolized [14C]retigabine mainly through glucuronidation and acetylation reactions. Glucuronides were detected in incubates with liver microsomes or slices, in plasma, and in bile and feces but were absent in urine (0-24 h) that contained about 2% of the dose as retigabine and approximately 29% of the dose in > 20 metabolites, which are derived mainly from acetylation reactions. About 67% of the radioactivity was excreted into feces, approximately 10% of the dose as glucuronide. The metabolite pattern in the urine (0-24 h) of dogs was comparatively simple in that retigabine (13%), retigabine-N-glucuronide (5%), and retigabine-N-glucoside (1%) were present. In the same 24-h interval, about 39% of unchanged retigabine was excreted into feces. Plasma profiling and spectroscopic analysis (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry NMR) of two isolated urinary metabolites obtained after single oral dosing of 600 mg retigabine in healthy volunteers indicated that both acetylation and glucuronidation are major metabolic pathways of retigabine in humans. We found that in vitro assays with liver slices from rat and humans reveal the major circulating metabolites in vivo.
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121
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Haid A, Zimmermann G, Fritzsche H. [Axillary excision in clinically node-negative breast carcinoma]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1999; 124:304-5. [PMID: 10191830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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122
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Morgenstern R, Niehaus A, Zimmermann G. Autoionising states formed by electron capture in collisions of multiply charged Ne ions with He, H2and Xe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/13/24/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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123
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Birk D, Beger HG, Besznyák I, Büchler MW, Krähenbühl L, Dralle H, Mischinger HJ, Pointner R, Schmidt P, Szinicz G, Zerz A, Wayand W, Zimmermann G. Eingeladene Kommentare (alphabetisch). Eur Surg 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02620102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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124
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Alexander H, Zimmermann G, Wolkersdörfer GW, Biesold C, Lehmann M, Einenkel J, Pretzsch G, Baier D. Utero-ovarian interaction in the regulation of reproductive function. Hum Reprod Update 1998; 4:550-9. [PMID: 10027608 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/4.5.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological regulation of fertile reproductive cycle in mammals depends on interactions between hypothalamus-pituitary, ovarian and uterine stimuli. Over the past 20 years, much has been learned about the interrelation between the affluent and effluent lymph and vascular drainage in and around both ovarian and uterine tissues. An essential feature in the regulation of the fertile cycle is the functional status of the ovary, particularly the corpus luteum. During the time of implantation and the early pregnancy, an active corpus luteum is essential. As human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is important in the maintenance of the corpus luteum, we investigated if it was produced by the cyclic endometrium. Immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization reactions were performed but neither identified the presence of HCG during the proliferative phase. Positive staining and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG) mRNA were observed during the secretory phase in the glandular cells of the endometrium. The results were confirmed by Western blotting of secretory phase endometrium extracts and assessment of the functional secretory capacity of primary endometrial cultures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) investigations showed a positive result in the secretory phase. We postulate that, based on the very close morphological interrelation between the uterus and the ovary, the beta-HCG of the endometrium is the primary factor for the maintenance of the corpus luteum and early pregnancy.
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Alexander H, Zimmermann G, Lehmann M, Pfeiffer R, Schöne E, Leiblein S, Ziegert M. HCG secretion by peripheral mononuclear cells during pregnancy. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998; 15:377-87. [PMID: 9785042 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(98)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) in culture release a biologically active hCG. This effect is detectable during pregnancy with a maximum between the 9th and 16th wk. Peripheral MNC already secrete hCG between the 7th and 11th d after embryo transfer. The secretion of hCG is activated by the PKC-activator TPA. TPA induces hCG release into the medium, thus causing a decrease in intracellular hCG content. In contrast, db-cAMP inhibites hCG secretion into the medium. Protein synthesis inhibitors of transcription and translation suppress the production and secretion of hCG. Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+/CD16+) and monocytes (CD14+) show the highest secretion rates. IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF alpha, and GM-CSF stimulate, whereas IL-2 and INF gamma inhibit, the hCG secretion of mononuclear cells. Flow cytometric experiments with hCG antibody demonstrate a binding of hCG on the surface of monocytes more than lymphocytes. The binding capacity is improved during pregnancy. Different hCG bands are shown in the Western blot analysis. We could confirm the mRNA of beta hCG and alpha CG are in MNC as well in the placental control. Peripheral MNC, first and foremost NK cells and monocytes, produce and secrete hCG during pregnancy, which play an important role for the corpus luteum rescue during the early gestational age and possibly for the immunotolerance.
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