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Färkkilä A, Gulhan DC, Casado J, Jacobson CA, Nguyen H, Kochupurakkal B, Maliga Z, Yapp C, Chen YA, Schapiro D, Zhou Y, Graham JR, Dezube BJ, Munster P, Santagata S, Garcia E, Rodig S, Lako A, Chowdhury D, Shapiro GI, Matulonis UA, Park PJ, Hautaniemi S, Sorger PK, Swisher EM, D'Andrea AD, Konstantinopoulos PA. Immunogenomic profiling determines responses to combined PARP and PD-1 inhibition in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1459. [PMID: 32193378 PMCID: PMC7081234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined PARP and immune checkpoint inhibition has yielded encouraging results in ovarian cancer, but predictive biomarkers are lacking. We performed immunogenomic profiling and highly multiplexed single-cell imaging on tumor samples from patients enrolled in a Phase I/II trial of niraparib and pembrolizumab in ovarian cancer (NCT02657889). We identify two determinants of response; mutational signature 3 reflecting defective homologous recombination DNA repair, and positive immune score as a surrogate of interferon-primed exhausted CD8 + T-cells in the tumor microenvironment. Presence of one or both features associates with an improved outcome while concurrent absence yields no responses. Single-cell spatial analysis reveals prominent interactions of exhausted CD8 + T-cells and PD-L1 + macrophages and PD-L1 + tumor cells as mechanistic determinants of response. Furthermore, spatial analysis of two extreme responders shows differential clustering of exhausted CD8 + T-cells with PD-L1 + macrophages in the first, and exhausted CD8 + T-cells with cancer cells harboring genomic PD-L1 and PD-L2 amplification in the second.
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Luu N, Nguyen H. Entrepreneurial passion and a firm’s innovation strategies. JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00472778.2020.1729026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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103
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Gilmour S, Mai PL, Nguyen P, Dhungel B, Tomizawa M, Nguyen H. Progress towards Health for All: Time to End Discrimination and Marginalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051696. [PMID: 32150920 PMCID: PMC7084917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Burdick DJ, Skelton NJ, Ultsch M, Beresini MH, Eigenbrot C, Li W, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Kong-Beltran M, Quinn JG, Kirchhofer D. Design of Organo-Peptides As Bipartite PCSK9 Antagonists. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:425-436. [PMID: 31962046 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) has become an important therapeutic target for lipid lowering, since it regulates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels by binding to liver LDL receptors (LDLR) and effecting their intracellular degradation. However, the development of small molecule inhibitors is hampered by the lack of attractive PCSK9 target sites. We recently discovered helical peptides that are able to bind to a cryptic groove site on PCSK9, which is situated in proximity to the main LDLR binding site. Here, we designed potent bipartite PCSK9 inhibitors by appending organic moieties to a helical groove-binding peptide to reach a hydrophobic pocket in the proximal LDLR binding region. The ultimately designed 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carbonyl extension improved the peptide affinity by >100-fold, yielding organo-peptide antagonists that potently inhibited PCSK9 binding to LDLR and preserved cellular LDLR. These new bipartite antagonists have reduced mass and improved potency compared to the first-generation peptide antagonists, further validating the PCSK9 groove as a viable therapeutic target site.
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Cai MY, Dunn CE, Chen W, Kochupurakkal BS, Nguyen H, Moreau LA, Shapiro GI, Parmar K, Kozono D, D’Andrea AD. Cooperation of the ATM and Fanconi Anemia/BRCA Pathways in Double-Strand Break End Resection. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2402-2415.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Zhou JZ, Waszkuc T, Mohammed F, Blumhorst M, Buren R, Das R, Huang L, Jabusch J, Kou X, Nagarajan M, Nguyen H, Orellana K, Peng TS, Podhola B, Ray C, Reif K, Shevchuk C, Solyom A, Sullivan D, Wang J, Wang W, Yang Q, Zheng Q. Determination of Glucosamine in Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements Containing Glucosamine Sulfate and/or Glucosamine Hydrochloride by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with FMOC-Su Derivatization: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.4.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for determination of glucosamine in raw materials and dietary supplements containing glucosamine sulfate and/or glucosamine hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with N-(9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyloxy) succinimide (FMOC-Su) derivatization. Thirteen blind materials, one pair of which were duplicates, were tested by 12 collaborating laboratories. The test samples consisted of various commercial products, including tablets, capsules, drink mix, and liquids as well as raw materials, blanks, and those for spike recovery analyses. The tests with blank products and products spiked with glucosamine showed good specificity of the method. The average recoveries at spike levels of 100 and 150% of the declared amount were 99.0% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.1%, and 101% with an RSD of 2.3%, respectively. The test results between laboratories on each commercial product were reproducible with RSD values of no more than 4.0%, and the results were repeatable in the same laboratory with an average RSD of 0.7%. HorRat values ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 on both tests of spike recovery and reproducibility between laboratories on commercial products. The average determination coefficient of the calibration curves from the laboratories was 0.9995 with an RSD of 0.03%. All of the 12 collaborating laboratories succeeded in the study and none of their reported test results were outliers, partly indicating the robustness of the method. It is recommended that the method be accepted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as Official First Action.
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Lampen J, Duspayev A, Nguyen H, Tamura H, Berman PR, Kuzmich A. Hanbury Brown-Twiss Correlations for a Driven Superatom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:203603. [PMID: 31809095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hanbury Brown-Twiss interference and stimulated emission, two fundamental processes in atomic physics, have been studied in a wide range of applications in science and technology. We study interference effects that occur when a weak probe is sent through a gas of two-level atoms that are prepared in a singly excited collective (Dicke or "superatom") state and for atoms prepared in a factorized state. We measure the time-integrated second-order correlation function g^{(2)} of the output field as a function of the delay τ between the input probe field and radiation emitted by the atoms and find that, for the Dicke state, g^{(2)} is twice as large for τ=0 as it is for γ_{e}τ≫1 (γ_{e} is an excited state decay rate), while for the product state, this ratio is equal to 3/2. The results agree with those of a theoretical model in which any effects related to stimulated emission are totally neglected-the coincidence counts measured in our experiment arise from Hanbury Brown-Twiss interference between the input field and the field radiated by the atoms.
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Xiong W, Gasparian A, Gao H, Dutta D, Khandaker M, Liyanage N, Pasyuk E, Peng C, Bai X, Ye L, Gnanvo K, Gu C, Levillain M, Yan X, Higinbotham DW, Meziane M, Ye Z, Adhikari K, Aljawrneh B, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Brock J, Burkert V, Carlin C, Deur A, Di D, Dunne J, Ekanayaka P, El-Fassi L, Emmich B, Gan L, Glamazdin O, Kabir ML, Karki A, Keith C, Kowalski S, Lagerquist V, Larin I, Liu T, Liyanage A, Maxwell J, Meekins D, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen H, Pedroni R, Perdrisat C, Pierce J, Punjabi V, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Silwal R, Stepanyan S, Subedi A, Tarasov VV, Ton N, Zhang Y, Zhao ZW. A small proton charge radius from an electron-proton scattering experiment. Nature 2019; 575:147-150. [PMID: 31695211 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius, rp. In 2010, a new method using muonic hydrogen atoms1 found a substantial discrepancy compared with previous results2, which became known as the 'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved. In fact, there is a discrepancy between the two most recent spectroscopic measurements conducted on ordinary hydrogen3,4. Here we report on the proton charge radius experiment at Jefferson Laboratory (PRad), a high-precision e-p experiment that was established after the discrepancy was identified. We used a magnetic-spectrometer-free method along with a windowless hydrogen gas target, which overcame several limitations of previous e-p experiments and enabled measurements at very small forward-scattering angles. Our result, rp = 0.831 ± 0.007stat ± 0.012syst femtometres, is smaller than the most recent high-precision e-p measurement5 and 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the average of all e-p experimental results6. The smaller rp we have now measured supports the value found by two previous muonic hydrogen experiments1,7. In addition, our finding agrees with the revised value (announced in 2019) for the Rydberg constant8-one of the most accurately evaluated fundamental constants in physics.
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Schoch JJ, Nguyen H, Schoch BS, Anderson KR, Stans AA, Driscoll D, Tollefson M. Orthopaedic diagnoses in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:457-462. [PMID: 31695812 PMCID: PMC6808075 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare combined vascular malformation composed of capillary malformation, lymphatic and/or venous malformation and limb overgrowth, which commonly affects the extremities. Due to limb involvement, it is not uncommon for these patients to require referral to an orthopaedic surgeon. Herein we reviewed the prevalence of orthopaedic diagnoses in a large cohort of KTS patients and described the associated surgical interventions. METHODS Between 1976 and 2012, 410 patients fulfilling strict criteria for KTS were evaluated at a single institution. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, details of the clinical evaluation, orthopaedic consultation and surgical interventions. RESULTS A total of 264 of 410 patients (64%) with confirmed KTS required orthopaedic evaluation. Of these 264 patients, 84% had documented limb-length discrepancy. Other common diagnoses included: angular deformities (10%), scoliosis (9%), osteopenia/osteoporosis (7%), pathological fractures (6%), joint contracture (5%), degenerative joint disease (4%) and limb/joint pain (4%). Of the 264 patients evaluated by orthopaedic surgery, 133 patients (50.4%) underwent 169 surgeries. Surgery was most commonly performed for limb-length discrepancy (62%). Multivariable analysis confirmed an orthopaedic condition was more likely in patients with lymphatic malformation (odds ratio (OR) 3.78; p < 0.001), as well as in those with bone and/or soft-tissue hypertrophy of the lower extremity (OR 7.51; p < 0.001) or foot (OR 3.23; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Orthopaedic conditions are common in patients with KTS and approximately 50% require surgical intervention. Those with a lymphatic malformation and/or soft-tissue hypertrophy of the lower extremity are more likely to need surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Descriptive Case Series.
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Jones PH, Deng B, Winkler J, Zirnheld AL, Ehringer S, Shetty V, Cox M, Nguyen H, Shen WJ, Huang TT, Wang E. Over-expression of miR-34c leads to early-life visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13844. [PMID: 31554925 PMCID: PMC6761099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight children and adolescents are at high risk for adult and late life obesity. This report investigates some underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity during early life in an animal model. We generated a strain of transgenic mice, cU2, overexpressing human microRNA 34c, a microRNA functionally implicated in adipogenesis. Male and female cU2 mice exhibit significant weight gain, accompanied by marked increase in abdominal fat mass and metabolic abnormalities, including reduction of both glucose clearance rate and insulin sensitivity, as early as two months of age. Adipogenesis derailment at this early age is suggested by decreased expression of adiponectin, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, and the adiponectin receptor R1, coupled with a reduction of the brown fat biomarker PAT2 and the adipogenesis inhibitor SIRT1. Notably, adiponectin is an important adipokine and an essential regulator of glucose and fatty acid homeostasis. cU2 mice may provide a crucial animal model for investigating the role of miR-34c in early onset insulin resistance and visceral fat mass increase, contributing to accelerated body weight gain and metabolic disorders. Intervention in this dysregulation may open a new preventive strategy to control early-life weight gain and abnormal insulin resistance, and thus prevalent adult and late life obesity.
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Rajkumar-Calkins AS, Szalat R, Dreze M, Khan I, Frazier Z, Reznichenkov E, Schnorenberg MR, Tsai YF, Nguyen H, Kochupurakkal B, D'Andrea AD, Shapiro GI, Lazaro JB, Mouw KW. Functional profiling of nucleotide Excision repair in breast cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102697. [PMID: 31499327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency conferred by alterations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are common in breast tumors and can drive sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. Alterations in nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity can also impact sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, but NER activity in breast cancer has been poorly characterized. Here, we apply a novel immunofluorescence-based cellular NER assay to screen a large panel of breast epithelial and cancer cell lines. Although the majority of breast cancer models are NER proficient, we identify an example of a breast cancer cell line with profound NER deficiency. We show that NER deficiency in this model is driven by epigenetic silencing of the ERCC4 gene, leading to lack of expression of the NER nuclease XPF, and that ERCC4 methylation is also strongly correlated with ERCC4 mRNA and XPF protein expression in primary breast tumors. Re-expression of XPF in the ERCC4-deficient breast cancer rescues NER deficiency and cisplatin sensitivity, but does not impact PARP inhibitor sensitivity. These findings demonstrate the potential to use functional assays to identify novel mechanisms of DNA repair deficiency and nominate NER deficiency as a platinum sensitivity biomarker in breast cancer.
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112
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Nguyen H, Shao Q. Oracle model selection for correlated data via residuals. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2018.1485946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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113
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Mair RD, Nguyen H, Huang TT, Plummer NS, Sirich TL, Meyer TW. Accumulation of uremic solutes in the cerebrospinal fluid in experimental acute renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F296-F302. [PMID: 31141401 PMCID: PMC6732458 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00100.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of uremic solutes in kidney failure may impair mental function. The present study profiled the accumulation of uremic solutes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in acute renal failure. CSF and plasma ultrafiltrate were obtained from rats at 48 h after sham operation (control; n = 10) or bilateral nephrectomy (n = 10) and analyzed using an established metabolomic platform. Two hundred forty-eight solutes were identified as uremic based on their accumulation in the plasma ultrafiltrate of nephrectomized compared with control rats. CSF levels of 124 of these solutes were sufficient to allow calculation of CSF-to-plasma ultrafiltrate concentration ratios. Levels of many of the uremic solutes were normally lower in the CSF than in the plasma ultrafiltrate, indicating exclusion of these solutes from the brain. CSF levels of the great majority of the uremic solutes increased in renal failure. The increase in the CSF was, however, relatively less than in the plasma ultrafiltrate for most solutes. In particular, for the 31 uremic solutes with CSF-to-plasma ultrafiltrate ratios of <0.25 in control rats, the average CSF-to-plasma ultrafiltrate ratio decreased from 0.13 ± 0.07 in control rats to 0.09 ± 0.06 in nephrectomized rats, revealing sustained ability to exclude these solutes from the brain. In summary, levels of many uremic solutes are normally kept lower in the CSF than in the plasma ultrafiltrate by the action of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. These barriers remain functional but cannot prevent accumulation of uremic solutes in the CSF when the kidneys fail.
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Nguyen H, Butow P, Dhillon H, Morris L, Brown A, West K, Sundaresan P. OC-0198 Using PROs and PROMs in routine head and neck cancer care: what do RTs perceive as barriers? Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nguyen S, Nguyen H, Van D, Hwang WJ. Exact Outage Analysis of Cognitive Energy Harvesting Relaying Networks under Physical Layer Security. EAI ENDORSED TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.28-3-2019.157119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Harink B, Nguyen H, Thorn K, Fordyce P. An open-source software analysis package for Microspheres with Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding (MRBLEs). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203725. [PMID: 30901328 PMCID: PMC6430362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed bioassays, in which multiple analytes of interest are probed in parallel within a single small volume, have greatly accelerated the pace of biological discovery. Bead-based multiplexed bioassays have many technical advantages, including near solution-phase kinetics, small sample volume requirements, many within-assay replicates to reduce measurement error, and, for some bead materials, the ability to synthesize analytes directly on beads via solid-phase synthesis. To allow bead-based multiplexing, analytes can be synthesized on spectrally encoded beads with a 1:1 linkage between analyte identity and embedded codes. Bead-bound analyte libraries can then be pooled and incubated with a fluorescently-labeled macromolecule of interest, allowing downstream quantification of interactions between the macromolecule and all analytes simultaneously via imaging alone. Extracting quantitative binding data from these images poses several computational image processing challenges, requiring the ability to identify all beads in each image, quantify bound fluorescent material associated with each bead, and determine their embedded spectral code to reveal analyte identities. Here, we present a novel open-source Python software package (the mrbles analysis package) that provides the necessary tools to: (1) find encoded beads in a bright-field microscopy image; (2) quantify bound fluorescent material associated with bead perimeters; (3) identify embedded ratiometric spectral codes within beads; and (4) return data aggregated by embedded code and for each individual bead. We demonstrate the utility of this package by applying it towards analyzing data generated via multiplexed measurement of calcineurin protein binding to MRBLEs (Microspheres with Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding) containing known and mutant binding peptide motifs. We anticipate that this flexible package should be applicable to a wide variety of assays, including simple bead or droplet finding analysis, quantification of binding to non-encoded beads, and analysis of multiplexed assays that use ratiometric, spectrally encoded beads.
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Dang V, Dao T, Ha K, Nguyen T, Tran T, Nguyen H. Neoadjuvant treatment breast cancer: a retrospective study in Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mohammad S, Nguyen H, Nguyen M, Abdel-Rasoul M, Nguyen V, Nguyen C, Nguyen K, Li L, Kitzmiller J. Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Untapped Potential for Statin Pharmacotherapy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:239-261. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180723120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Statins are effective for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease. They also have systemic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties
suggesting potential utility for improving clinical outcomes for a wide range of diseases. The literature
provides data suggesting benefit in patients with comorbidities associated with contrast-induced nephropathy
(CIN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, head injury, neurological
disease (e.g. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease), prostate cancer, nuclear cataract and spinal cord
injury. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence supporting the potential benefit of statins
outside their customary role of attenuating cardiovascular risk reduction.
</P><P>
Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies
published January 2000 - March 2018 reporting comorbidity reduction associated with statin use.
</P><P>
Results: Fifty-eight publications that satisfied our selection criteria (based on the PRISM guidance for
systematic reviews) were selected and included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional and observational
studies as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ten studies addressed statin use and incidence
of CIN after coronary imaging; 8 addressed statin use in patients with COPD; 14 addressed statin use
and comorbidity reduction associated with head injury and/or a neurological disease disorder; 5 addressed
the association between statin use and nuclear cataract; 9 addressed the association between
statin use and prostate/colorectal cancer; 9 studies addressed the role of statin use in treating infections;
and 3 addressed the association between statin use and spinal cord injury related survival rate.
</P><P>
Conclusion: Overall, the literature supports beneficial pleiotropic effects of statin use in contrastinduced
nephropathy, head injury, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, nuclear cataract, prostate cancer,
infection management, and spinal cord injury. Further investigation is warranted, and randomized
clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical utility suggested by the reported studies included in this
meta-analysis.
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KomReddy V, Rillema DP, Nguyen H, Kadel L. Synthesis and Characterization of 2‐(2‐Pyridinyl)pyrazine and 2,2′‐Bipyrazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nguyen E, Trinh S, Trinh H, Nguyen H, Nguyen K, Do A, Levitt B, Do S, Nguyen M, Purohit T, Shieh E, Nguyen MH. Sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with ledipasvir+sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir+velpatasvir. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:99-106. [PMID: 30467877 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 (GT 6) is the predominant genotype among certain Asian populations. The availability of newer DAA options is limited in many parts of Asia. AIM To compare sustained virologic response (SVR-12) rates between ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV+SOF) and velpatasvir+SOF (SOF+VEL) for patients with HCVGT6 infection. METHOD Retrospective study of consecutive adult HCVGT6 patients identified via ICD 9 code: 070.5 from United States treatment centers. Treatment was LDV+SOF or SOF+VEL for 8-24 weeks. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) on HCV RNA, cirrhosis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, platelets, and fibrosis score was conducted among the treatment-naïve HCVGT6 patients to balance groups and isolate treatment effects. RESULTS After exclusion criteria, 149 patients remained (n = 135 treatment-naïve; n = 14 treatment-experienced). The mean age was 63.8 ± 10.2 years, 66.9% male, and 93.9% Vietnamese. In treatment-naïve arm, 52.2% LDV+SOF cohort were cirrhotic compared to 11.6% SOF+VEL cohort (P < 0.0001). SVR-12 for LDV+SOF was 96.4% and 100% for the SOF+VEL cohort (P = 0.22). SVR-12 for cirrhotic patients was 95.4% (n = 41/43) for LDV+SOF and 100.0% (n = 5/5) for SOF+VEL (P = 0.62). After PSM (n = 33 per group), LDV+SOF SVR-12 rate was 97.0% compared to SOF+VEL SVR-12 of 100% (P = 0.31). The treatment-experienced group (n = 14), were all treated with LDV+SOF with an SVR-12 of 92.3%. CONCLUSION Whether treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced, or cirrhotic patients with HCV GT 6 residing in the US had excellent outcomes when treated with SOF+VEL or LDV+SOF. Since LDV+SOF is more readily available globally, our results may provide clinicians with a treatment option when cost and availability limit the treatment choice.
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Nguyen H, Pham QC. On the Covariance of
$\boldsymbol X$
in
$\boldsymbol A\boldsymbol X = \boldsymbol X\boldsymbol B$
. IEEE T ROBOT 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2018.2861905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hill SJ, Decker B, Roberts EA, Horowitz NS, Muto MG, Worley MJ, Feltmate CM, Nucci MR, Swisher EM, Nguyen H, Yang C, Morizane R, Kochupurakkal BS, Do KT, Konstantinopoulos PA, Liu JF, Bonventre JV, Matulonis UA, Shapiro GI, Berkowitz RS, Crum CP, D'Andrea AD. Prediction of DNA Repair Inhibitor Response in Short-Term Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1404-1421. [PMID: 30213835 PMCID: PMC6365285 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on genomic analysis, 50% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) are predicted to have DNA repair defects. Whether this substantial subset of HGSCs actually have functional repair defects remains unknown. Here, we devise a platform for functional profiling of DNA repair in short-term patient-derived HGSC organoids. We tested 33 organoid cultures derived from 22 patients with HGSC for defects in homologous recombination (HR) and replication fork protection. Regardless of DNA repair gene mutational status, a functional defect in HR in the organoids correlated with PARP inhibitor sensitivity. A functional defect in replication fork protection correlated with carboplatin and CHK1 and ATR inhibitor sensitivity. Our results indicate that a combination of genomic analysis and functional testing of organoids allows for the identification of targetable DNA damage repair defects. Larger numbers of patient-derived organoids must be analyzed to determine whether these assays can reproducibly predict patient response in the clinic.Significance: Patient-derived ovarian tumor organoids grow rapidly and match the tumors from which they are derived, both genetically and functionally. These organoids can be used for DNA repair profiling and therapeutic sensitivity testing and provide a rapid means of assessing targetable defects in the parent tumor, offering more suitable treatment options. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1404-21. ©2018 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333.
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Yin EB, Nguyen H, Kamat I, Bayat M, Alam M. Contemporary Prescription Patterns of Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndrome. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2018; 43:667-674. [PMID: 30410282 PMCID: PMC6205126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the contemporary use of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors in acute coronary syndrome at a large, quaternary academic medical center. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted using health records to compare patients who were treated with ticagrelor (Brilinta, AstraZeneca), prasugrel, or clopidogrel for a primary diagnosis of new-onset acute coronary syndrome between January 2014 and December 2014. RESULTS A total of 275 patients were identified. Clopidogrel was the most commonly prescribed ADP receptor antagonist (52%), followed by ticagrelor (26%) and prasugrel (22%). Patients who were prescribed clopidogrel were more likely female (P < 0.01), 75 years of age or older (P < 0.01), and 60 kg or less in weight (P = 0.02), and they had more comorbidities. Of the patients on clopidogrel prior to admission, 21% were switched to prasugrel or ticagrelor for inadequate platelet inhibition, restenosis, or new stent placement. Of the patients on ticagrelor or prasugrel prior to admission, 17% were switched to clopidogrel for concerns about bleeding or cost. Clopidogrel was prescribed 13% of the time, prasugrel 13% of the time, and ticagrelor 4% of the time (P = 0.13) outside the recommended use per Food and Drug Administration-approved prescribing information based on relative or absolute contraindications. CONCLUSION Clopidogrel continues to be the most commonly prescribed antiplatelet agent, particularly in older patients with more comorbidities.
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Nguyen H, Rahemi H, Lee H, Najafi B. TOWARD SMART WEARABLE TO TRACK FRAILTY PHENOTYPES—MEASURING PROPULSION PERFORMANCE TO DETERMINE FRAILTY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bosse K, Oberlechner E, Hoffmann A, Fugunt R, Böer B, Gruber I, Helms G, Hoopmann U, Röhm C, Hartkopf A, Komoss S, Faust U, Pohle A, Dufke A, Nguyen H, Kehrer M, Schroeder C, Heinrich T, Rieß O, Staebler A, Vogel U, Taran FA, Brucker SY, Marx M, Wallwiener D, Hahn M. Prädiktive Testung bei Familienangehörigen von BRCA1, BRCA2 und CHEK2 Mutationsträgerinnen am Universitätsbrustzentrum Tübingen – eine klinische retrospektive unizentrische Kohortenstudie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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