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Parks RW, Cardoso J. Parallel distributed processing and executive functioning: Tower of Hanoi neural networkmodel in healthy controls and left frontal lobe patients. Int J Neurosci 1997; 89:217-40. [PMID: 9134458 DOI: 10.3109/00207459708988476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that executive functioning has a significant association with the frontal lobes. In this study we examined executive functioning with parallel distributed processing (PDP) methodology by attempting to replicate Tower of Hanoi (TOH) neuropsychological test performance differences in normal healthy controls vs. left frontal lobe patients. Initial theoretical experiments were carried out to solve computer subprocessing constraints of the TOH partially by determining the programming prerequisites for a specific number of rings, efficient sequencing, and a general learning rule. These preliminary studies were then modified using a back-propagation neurocomputational approach. Computer program output showed a resemblance to normal controls' TOH moves. Degrading of the left frontal lobe patients' network resulted in characteristic impairments of executive functioning, i.e., perseveration and rule-braking.
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102
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Massault PP, Soubrane O, Cardoso J, Dousset B, Pitre J, Devictor D, Bernard O, Houssin D. Graft saving management of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:439. [PMID: 9123070 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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103
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Cardoso J, Manrique R, Albores-Velasco M, Huanosta A. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal and dielectric properties of three different methacrylate polymers with zwitterionic pendant groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199702)35:3<479::aid-polb7>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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104
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Ozier Y, Grosse H, Cherruau B, De Godoy J, Conseiller C, Cardoso J. A.115 Effects of portal and caval venous occlusion on the systemic
VO2/QO2 relationship in the pig. Br J Anaesth 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-0912(18)30970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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105
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Boillot O, Patrzalek D, Cardoso J, Fontaliran F, Soubrane O, el Meteni M, Salame E, Houssin D. Delay of xenogeneic hyperacute rejection by BN 52021 in a model of rabbit to pig liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:767. [PMID: 8623392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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106
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Gautreau C, Grosse H, Fabre M, Soubrane O, Woimant G, Lobontiu A, Kojima T, Cherruau B, Devillier P, Houssin D, Cardoso J. Intravenous immunoglobulin delays xenogeneic hyperacute rejection in a model of pig liver perfused with human blood. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:764. [PMID: 8623390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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107
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Gautreau C, Woimant G, Grosse H, Cardoso J, Soubrane O, Houssin D. Human anti-B alloantibodies recognize xenoantigens on pig red blood cells and endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:563. [PMID: 8623273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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108
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Gautreau C, Kojima T, Woimant G, Cardoso J, Devillier P, Houssin D. Use of intravenous immunoglobulin to delay xenogeneic hyperacute rejection. An in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Transplantation 1995; 60:903-7. [PMID: 7491691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The delaying action of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from human origin on hyperacute xenogeneic rejection was assessed in the guinea pig-to-rat combination. IVIG (1500 mg/kg) injected i.v. into Lewis rats 1 hr before grafting significantly prolonged the mean guinea pig heart survival time (167 min, P < 0.005) compared with control injections using NaCl (12 min) or the IVIG glycine vehicle (11 min). The effect of IVIG was also assessed in vitro in the pig-to-human combination. A dose-dependent inhibition of the complement-mediated direct cytotoxicity of human serum on pig RBC was shown using IVIG. The weak direct cytotoxicity of IVIG to pig RBC, which was abolished after preincubating IVIG with pig RBC, was attributed to the anti-pig xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) contained in the IVIG preparation. In vitro, XNA-depleted IVIG exerted a significantly stronger inhibitory effect than non-XNA-depleted IVIG, suggesting the use XNA-depleted IVIG in the pig-to-human combination. Although the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of IVIG remains to be clarified, IVIG may represent a new and simple therapeutic modality against xenogeneic hyperacute rejection.
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Eschwege P, Chereau C, Randrianjohany A, Cardoso J, Houssin D. Study of the toxicity of various concentrations of 2-3-butanediol with University of Wisconsin solution or L15 culture medium in cultured porcine endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2519-20. [PMID: 7652912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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110
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Catry MA, Borrego MJ, Cardoso J, Azevedo J, Santo I. Comparison of the Amplicor Chlamydia trachomatis test and cell culture for the detection of urogenital chlamydial infections. Genitourin Med 1995; 71:247-50. [PMID: 7590718 PMCID: PMC1195523 DOI: 10.1136/sti.71.4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Amplicor Chlamydia trachomatis test with the cell culture method, in diagnosing urogenital chlamydial infections. SUBJECTS 439 patients (327 women and 112 men) attending one STD clinic and Family Planning and Gynaecological Clinics in Lisbon, Portugal, between November 1993 and March 1994. METHODS In women, two endocervical swab samples were collected: one for PCR Amplicor and one for standard culture technique. Men were asked to submit 20 ml of urine (first pass urine) for PCR Amplicor and one urethral specimen was taken for culture. The order of collection of the specimens was rotated every 50 patients. Discrepant results were further analysed by a second PCR with primers directed against the C trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). RESULTS After analysis of discrepancies, the adjusted sensitivity and specificity of PCR on endocervical specimens were 92.9% and 100% and the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 99.7% respectively; on the urine samples these values were 100%, 99.1%, 100% and 99.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the PCR Amplicor test is a rapid sensitive and specific assay for the detection of C trachomatis in urogenital infections and provides a non-invasive technique for screening chlamydia infection in men.
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111
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Cardoso J, Mota-Miranda A, Cruz A, Gomes MH, Oliveira P, Rocha-Gonçalves F, Lecour H. Dysrhythmic profile of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Int J Cardiol 1995; 49:249-55. [PMID: 7649671 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(95)02313-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively studied, with 24-h Holter monitoring, 21 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, at all stages of the infection, in order to assess their dysrhythmic profile. Three (14.3%) patients presented one isolated run of supraventricular tachycardia, with < 10 beats, that was considered clinically irrelevant. No patient presented other clinically relevant supraventricular or ventricular tachy or bradydysrhythmias. One (4.8%) patient presented intermittent Mobitz type I second-degree AV block, two (9.5%) patients paroxistic 2:1 AV block and one (4.8%) patient presented a bifascicular block on the 12-lead ECG that persisted during the ambulatory recording. This study suggests that clinically relevant cardiac tachydysrhythmias are rare in our population of HIV infected patients. On the other hand we found an unexpectedly high incidence of cardiac impulse conduction disturbances.
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112
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Moullier P, Bohl D, Cardoso J, Heard JM, Danos O. Long-term delivery of a lysosomal enzyme by genetically modified fibroblasts in dogs. Nat Med 1995; 1:353-7. [PMID: 7585066 DOI: 10.1038/nm0495-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of intraperitoneal implants (neo-organs) for protein delivery in large animals. Skin biopsies were taken from four healthy dogs. Primary fibroblast cultures were transduced with a retroviral vector coding for the human beta-glucuronidase. One to six lattices each containing 10(9) skin fibroblasts were implanted into the omentum of the donor animal. Laparotomies performed at regular intervals showed vascularized neo-organs without local inflammation. Human beta-glucuronidase levels equivalent to 0.8 to 3.1% of the endogenous canine activity were detected for up to 340 days on liver biopsy samples. These results indicate that neo-organs can be considered for the long-term delivery of therapeutic proteins or enzymes in humans.
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Tapadinhas C, Dias M, Conchon I, Pereira F, Cardoso J. Contact dermatitis due to quinine-containing hair lotion. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 31:127. [PMID: 7750264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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114
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Cardoso J, Gautreau C, Wroblewski T, Cherruau B, Neris J, Mestiri H, Crougneau S, Weill B, Houssin D. Lobular hemorrhage: an early parameter of rejection in isolated pig livers perfused with heparinized human blood. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1308-9. [PMID: 8029917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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115
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Gautreau C, Cardoso J, Woimant G, Zhao Z, Chereau C, Cherruau B, Vandeginste N, Devillier P, Houssin D. Prevention of hyperacute xenograft rejection by intravenous immunoglobulin in the pig-to-human combination. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1281. [PMID: 8029908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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116
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Gautreau C, Cardoso J, Zhao Z, Chereau C, Woimant G, Houssin D, Weill B. Human natural cytotoxic antibodies recognize cross-reactive antigens on pig endothelial cells and pig red blood cells. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1397. [PMID: 8029956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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117
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Chaline J, Cardoso J, Houssin D. Organ xenografting between rodents: an evolutionary perspective. Transpl Int 1994; 7:216-22. [PMID: 8060472 DOI: 10.1007/bf00327090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rejection times of heart xenografts in several donor-recipient combinations including the guinea pig, rat, hamster, and mouse are examined in light of the paleontological history of rodents and the resulting phylogenetic distances between taxa. This multidisciplinary review at the molecular, chromosomal and morphological levels suggests that xenograft rejection time is inversely proportional to the time divergence or phylogenetic distance, and that the binomial terminology concordant/discordant does not reflect the amplitude of phylogenetic distances.
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Panis Y, Cardoso J, Houssin D. [Gene therapy in Hepatology. Experimental results and clinical perspectives]. GASTROENTEROLOGIE CLINIQUE ET BIOLOGIQUE 1994; 18:262-276. [PMID: 7926443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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119
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Zhao Z, Termignon JL, Cardoso J, Chéreau C, Gautreau C, Calmus Y, Houssin D, Weill B. Hyperacute xenograft rejection in the swine-to-human donor-recipient combination. In vitro analysis of complement activation. Transplantation 1994; 57:245-9. [PMID: 8310516 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199401001-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation is central to the rejection of discordant xenografts. In order to assess the respective roles of direct and alternative pathways, an in vitro model of hyperacute rejection in the swine-to-human donor-recipient combination was designed, using a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test with swine endothelial cells in culture as targets, and fresh human serum as the source of xenogeneic antibodies and complement. The cytotoxic activity of the sera was evaluated by a colorimetric assay using (3-[4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Pure human serum lysed 58 +/- 5% of swine endothelial cells. Selective inhibition of the direct pathway by adding EGTA to the serum reduced cytolysis to 51 +/- 2% (P < 0.01 versus normal serum). Similarly, when using C1q-deficient human sera, only 37 +/- 7% of swine endothelial cells were killed (P < 0.001 versus normal serum). When the alternative pathway was selectively inhibited by heating for 20 min at 50 degrees C, the lytic activity of human serum dropped to 42 +/- 5% (P < 0.001 versus normal serum). Factor B-deficient human serum could only lyse 42 +/- 10% of porcine endothelial cells (P < 0.001 versus normal serum). Syngeneic normal swine serum and heat-inactivated serum were not cytotoxic. Mixing serum with deficient direct pathway and serum with deficient alternative pathway restored the cytotoxicity to normal levels. Similarly, the cytotoxic activity of deficient serum supplemented with purified C1q or factor B at physiological concentrations reached that of normal human serum. In this model of in vitro hyperacute rejection, both pathways of complement activation are involved, suggesting that regimens designed to inhibit hyperacute rejection of swine xenografts into humans should take into account the dual activation of complement in this donor-recipient combination.
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Calmus Y, Ayani E, Cardoso J, Chéreau C, Kahan A, Houssin D, Weill B. Target antigens of hyperacute xenogeneic rejection in the rat to guinea pig to rat discordant combinations. Transplantation 1993; 56:778-85. [PMID: 8212195 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199310000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing shortage in allografts has led to a renewed interest in xenogeneic transplantation. Discordant combinations are characterized by hyperacute rejection partly due to the presence of natural antixenogeneic antibodies in the recipient. The aim of this work was to characterize the target antigens, using 2 discordant models. In the rat into guinea pig model, analysis of organ homogenates by immunoblotting revealed numerous bands. Some of these bands were organ specific, whereas others, namely in the 55-kDa region, were detected in liver, heart, lung, and kidney. Using membrane extracts of liver cells or of aortic endothelial cells, only bands of 55 kDa were revealed. No band could be seen using extracts of isolated hepatocytes. Two bands of 55 kDa disappeared after preabsorption of guinea pig sera on the various rat tissue homogenates, suggesting that they represent xenoantigens common to these tissues. In order to investigate the in vivo relevance of these 55-kDa antigens, isolated rat livers were perfused with decomplemented guinea pig sera. Eluates revealed one single print of 55 kDa on rat tissue homogenates. Finally, preincubation of rat mononuclear cells with various xenogeneic sera did not inhibit the binding of mAb specific for rat class I or class II MHC antigens, suggesting that the latter are not recognized by natural xenoantibodies. In the guinea pig to rat model, the antigens detected had a molecular mass ranging from 95 to 110 kDa. Absorption and perfusion experiments also showed that these antigens were common to various tissues and involved in the binding of rat natural antibodies ex vivo. In conclusion, our results indicate that rat xenoantigens of about 55 kDa are recognized by guinea pig natural antibodies, while guinea pig xenoantigens of 95-110 kDa are bound by rat natural antibodies. These antigens are common to liver, heart, lung, and kidney, are borne by endothelial cells, and cannot be found on hepatocytes.
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Tavakoli R, Michel A, Cardoso J, Ayani E, Maillet F, Fontaliran F, Crougneau S, Weill B, Houssin D. Prolonged survival of guinea pig-to-rat heart xenografts using repeated low doses of cobra venom factor. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:407-9. [PMID: 8438356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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122
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Eschwege P, Randrianjohany A, Legendre C, Cardoso J, Jaffray P, Cherruau C, Chereau C, Calmus Y, Houssin D. Study of the toxicity of various concentrations of 2-3-butanediol in the isolated perfused rat liver. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:1664-5. [PMID: 8442230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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123
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Gautreau C, Cardoso J, Jeyaraj P, Houssin D, Weill B. Relationship between human natural anti-A, anti-B alloantibodies and anti-pig xenoantibodies. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:389-91. [PMID: 8438348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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124
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Jeyaraj PR, Cardoso J, Soubrane O, Couinaud C, Houssin D. Liver splits--the answer to a low donor pool? Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1956-7. [PMID: 1412926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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125
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Gambiez L, Salame E, Chereau C, Calmus Y, Cardoso J, Ayani E, Houssin D, Weill B. The role of natural IgM in the hyperacute rejection of discordant heart xenografts. Transplantation 1992; 54:577-83. [PMID: 1412747 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199210000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of xenograft hyperacute rejection in discordant species combinations remains controversial. The purpose of this work was to study the role of natural antibodies in the hyperacute rejection of guinea pig hearts transplanted into rats, a highly discordant combination. This study was conducted in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The endothelial cells of the graft being the first targets damaged in the process of hyperacute rejection, the binding of rat natural antibodies to guinea pig endothelial cells was studied by immunofluorescence. The study was carried out in vitro on guinea pig endothelial cells in culture, and ex vivo on isolated guinea pig hearts perfused with either rat serum or immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments bearing the antigen-binding site. In vitro and ex vivo, rat natural IgM were found to bind specifically to guinea pig endothelial cells, since IgM fragments bearing the antigen-binding site (Fab mu and Fab' mu) could be detected on these cells. IgM fragments were able to inhibit the fixation of native IgM molecules. In contrast, rat IgG only bound to endothelial cells through Fc portions. Thus rat natural IgM might play a role in hyperacute rejection by binding to the graft endothelial cells and triggering the complement cascade activation. In order to test the role of natural IgM in vivo, isolated guinea pig hearts were first perfused with rat Fab' mu, which inhibit the binding of IgM and are unable to activate the complement cascade. These hearts were then transplanted into Lewis rats. The rejection time of Fab' mu-perfused guinea pig hearts was prolonged compared with hearts perfused with buffer or IgG F(ab')2. Therefore, in the guinea pig to rat combination, preventing the binding of the recipient's natural IgM to the graft endothelium delays the hyperacute rejection. In addition, natural IgM are likely to play a greater role than natural IgG.
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