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Palayiwa E, Evans JM. Some practical considerations in the use of the Engstrom EMMA analyzer. Anesthesiology 1984; 61:112-3. [PMID: 6742476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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202
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Gillespie MN, Evans JM, Rountree RM, Knapp CF. Attenuation of vagal noradrenergic tachycardia by naloxone. Eur J Pharmacol 1984; 101:275-9. [PMID: 6147257 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the transected right vagus nerve in anesthetized and atropinized dogs produced tachycardia that was not attenuated by beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Naloxone in intravenous doses of 1 and 4 mg/kg antagonized the tachycardia evoked by nerve stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the attenuation was maximal at approximately 55% of the control response. These results suggest that an endogenous opiate peptide(s) may have a mediator or modulator role in nonadrenergic tachycardia evoked by vagal nerve stimulation in anesthetized and atropinized dogs.
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Evans JM, Davies WL, Wise CC. Intrinsic lower esophageal activity may interfere with esophageal pressure measurements. Anesthesiology 1984; 60:615. [PMID: 6731928 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198406000-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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204
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Abstract
The value of measuring lower oesophageal contractility (LOC) as a guide to the depth or adequacy of anaesthesia was investigated. Two forms of activity were recorded during light anaesthesia- nonpropulsive tertiary and provoked secondary peristalsis. Deepening anaesthesia resulted in progressive suppression of LOC. The smooth muscles of the lower oesophagus remain active despite the skeletal-muscle paralysis produced by muscle-relaxant drugs. The activity of the lower oesophagus may be a useful guide to the adequacy of anaesthesia.
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Evans JM, Fake CS, Hamilton TC, Poyser RH, Watts EA. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of substituted trans-4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols. J Med Chem 1983; 26:1582-9. [PMID: 6631915 DOI: 10.1021/jm00365a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted trans-4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols was prepared and tested for antihypertensive activity in the conscious deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/saline treated hypertensive rat. Optimum blood pressure lowering activity requires 6-substitution by a strong electron-withdrawing group, together with a pyrrolidino or piperidino group at the 4 position. Exceptions to this were the 7-nitro-4-pyrrolidine analogue and the 6-nitro-3-chloropropylamine, which retained marked antihypertensive activity. All of these compounds were direct vasodilators and had comparable antihypertensive activity to hydralazine and to the calcium antagonist, nifedipine. The synthetic route to these compounds involves cyclization of of propargyl ethers to 2H-1-benzopyrans, followed by conversion via bromohydrins to 3,4-epoxides, which were ring opened with the appropriate amines. Meta-substituted propargyl ethers gave both 5- and 7-substituted benzopyrans on thermal cyclization, the former predominating. A new route to 2,2-dimethyl-7-nitrobenzopyran is described.
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Campbell WB, Baird RN, Cole SE, Evans JM, Skidmore R, Woodcock JP. Physiological interpretation of Doppler shift waveforms: the femorodistal segment in combined disease. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1983; 9:265-269. [PMID: 6879833 DOI: 10.1016/0301-5629(83)90060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A new method is presented for assessing the femorodistal segment in multisegmental arterial disease, using the Laplace transform technique of Doppler waveform analysis. Blood velocity/time waveforms were obtained at femoral and ankle levels in three groups of limbs--50 without arterial disease, 12 with isolated aortoiliac stenoses, and 32 with femoropopliteal occlusions, with and without proximal disease. The waveforms were analysed for Laplace transform and pulsatility index values. The omega 0 coefficients of the Laplace transform analysis at femoral and ankle levels were compared in each subject, as the omega 0 gradient (femoral/ankle omega 0): and pulsatility index damping factor (femoral/ankle P1) was also calculated. The omega 0 gradient was shown to detect femoropopliteal occlusion in the presence of multisegmental arterial disease and to give some indication of its haemodynamic significance. The diagnostic accuracy of the omega 0 gradient was superior to that of pulsatility index damping factor. When combined with its existing ability to detect aortoiliac stenosis, this new application of the Laplace transform method offers the possibility both of a system for complete localisation of significant arterial lesions, and potential for follow-up of vascular surgical procedures in the lower limb, from two simple Doppler recordings.
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207
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de Marcano D, del Giorgio JF, Evans JM, Garcia E, Kohout L, Ludovic I, Narvaez M. D-homoandrostanes. 4. The incubation of some D-homo-5 alpha-androstanes with Rhizopus nigricans. Steroids 1983; 41:1-13. [PMID: 6658861 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(83)90011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nine dioxygenated D-homoandrostanes were incubated with Rhizopus nigricans to investigate the effect of D-ring modification on microbiological hydroxylation. Structure determination of the products by NMR spectroscopy, and in certain cases independent synthesis of their oxidised products, showed that in contrast to 5 alpha-androstanes the majority of the compounds were hydroxylated in the "reverse" mode, and only D-homo-5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione was hydroxylated in the "normal" mode to any extent. Stereospecific ring D-hydroxylation at C(17 alpha) was observed for both D-homo-5 alpha-androstane-3,6- and 3,7-diones.
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Knapp CF, Evans JM, Randall DC, Marquis JA. Cardiovascular regulation in canines during low-frequency acceleration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 243:H998-1009. [PMID: 7149052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1982.243.6.h998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrated, reflex, cardiovascular regulation in unanesthetized (tranquilized), chronically-instrumented dogs was studied using sinusoidal whole-body spinal-axis acceleration (+/- 2 Gz) at frequencies below 0.25 Hz. The participation of neurally mediated cardiac and vascular control mechanisms was examined by comparing the responses of the same animal in a normal (reflexive) state and ina pharmacologically blockaded (nonreflexive) state. Integrated neural mechanisms were found to be the most effective in minimizing acceleration-induced, arterial pressure disturbances for frequencies below 0.012 Hz; became progressively out of phase with the disturbances between 0.012 and 0.052 Hz, resulting in decreased effectiveness; and failed to significantly participate in the regulatory process for frequencies between 0.052 and 0.25 Hz, where "protection" was provided by the hydraulic and intrinsic biomechanical characteristics of the circulatory system. An analysis of the relative contribution of peripheral vascular and cardiac mechanisms indicated that 1) neurally mediated, systemic vascular responses were largest for frequency; 2) heart rate oscillations were large for frequencies below 0.052 Hz (corner frequency) and then decreased rapidly with increasing frequency; and 3) neurally mediated stroke volume oscillations were the largest for the lowest frequencies and decreased with increasing frequency.
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McCutcheon EP, Evans JM, Wibel FH. A fabric pouch for maintaining transducer and catheter terminations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1982; 16:105-15. [PMID: 7037789 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Management of the chronically instrumented animal is improved by enclosing the terminations of catheters and transducer wires in a subcutaneous nylon velour pouch. Six or more days after implantation, an opening is made into the pouch by removing a portion of the overlying skin; subsequent healing processes provide a satisfactory bond. Thereafter the leads can be extracted and replaced without need for anesthesia or dissection. Results in 35 animals (26 dogs and 9 monkeys) for intervals up to four months showed fibrous encapsulation was complete in 28 and partial in 7, with no mortality or significant morbidity attributable solely to the presence of the pouch. Gross and microscopic tissue examination indicated a localized foreign body reaction in response to the nylon fibers. The technique is especially useful in experimental protocols for which continuous restraint is undesirable, such as the chronically instrumented primate periodically exposed to environmental stress.
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211
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Moult PJ, Grossman A, Evans JM, Rees LH, Besser GM. The effect of naloxone on pulsatile gonadotrophin release in normal subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1981; 14:321-4. [PMID: 6790207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The gonadotrophin response to naloxone infusion has been investigated in three adult males, and three adult females in the early follicular phase. The frequency of LH secretory episodes and the mean LH levels increased in both sexes. The data suggest that the pulsatile release of LH is under inhibitory opiate control.
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Randall DC, Evans JM, Billman GE, Ordway GA, Knapp CF. Neural, hormonal and intrinsic mechanisms of cardiac control during acute coronary occlusion in the intact dog. JOURNAL OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1981; 3:87-99. [PMID: 7264197 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1838(81)90032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Three basic mechanisms may be involved in the control of cardiac function during acute coronary occlusion: (1) neural; (2) hormonal (circulating catecholamine); and (3) intrinsic (e.g. Frank--Starling law). The response of intact, sedated (Innovar-Vet, 0.08 cc/kg), chronically instrumented dogs to a 5 min left circumflex coronary occlusion was tested to delineate the relative roles of each of the above mechanisms. First, 6 innervated and 6 cardiac denervated dogs were examined. The major difference between groups was that the occlusion-induced tachycardia was significantly smaller in the denervated dogs than in the normally innervated animals (+10 +/- 7 vs +27 +/- 4/min, respectively, (mean +/- S.D.)). Changes in the first time derivative of left ventricular pressure (d(LVP)/dt) were similar (--898 +/- 556 vs --796 +/- 274 mm Hg/sec, denervated vs innervated). Decreases in stroke volume and mean arterial pressure were also similar in the two groups. The occlusion-induced tachycardia was compared in a second group of denervated dogs (n = 5) before and after administration of propranolol to examine the role of circulating catecholamines, and, by exclusion, to observe the response of the heart per se, independently of extrinsic control factors. The heart rate response was similar in both cases (+8 +/- 4 vs +6 +/- 4/min, unblocked vs blocked). Finally, blood pressure was prevented from falling during coronary occlusion in 3 normally innervated dogs by coupling the femoral artery to a reservoir of saline suspended above the animals. Blunting the input to the baroreceptors in this manner did not significantly change the size of the occlusion-induced tachycardia. We conclude that during acute coronary occlusion in dog: (1) the major role of the cardiac nerves involves modulating changes in the chronotropic state of the heart; (2) changes in d(LVP)/dt result principally from intrinsic phenomena linked to ischemia-induced alterations in myocardial performance; (3) changes in circulating catecholamines play only a minor role in controlling the heart during acute coronary occlusion in denervated dog; and (4) receptors located within the heart figure significantly in the etiology of the occlusion-induced tachycardia.
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213
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Curtis R, Evans JM. The effect of doxapram hydrochloride on cats anaesthetized with either Saffan or thiopentone sodium. J Small Anim Pract 1981; 22:77-83. [PMID: 7206652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1981.tb01395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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214
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Robinson JO, Rosen M, Evans JM, Revill SI, David H, Rees GA. Maternal opinion about analgesia for labour. A controlled trial between epidural block and intramuscular pethidine combined with inhalation. Anaesthesia 1980; 35:1173-81. [PMID: 7006441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1980.tb05074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a randomised controlled trial epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.5% (mean dose 112.8 mg) was compared with pethidine (mean dose 200 mg) and inhalational analgesia in primipara (28 and 30 mothers) and multipara (17 and 18 mothers). Mothers who had an uneventful pregnancy and labour and agreed to have either treatment were studied during labour and followed-up at interviews for 5 months after delivery. Epidural block was rated significantly superior in respect of pain relief and comfort, there were no differences between the groups in reports of perineal discomfort. Twice as many primipara required forceps delivery after epidural block. Very few mothers, in each group, reported something missing in their experience of childbirth. Two thirds of each group would use the same method again. Epidural block can therefore be recommended to uncommitted mothers as a satisfying and effective method of pain relief for labour.
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Robinson JO, Rosen M, Evans JM, Revill SI, David H, Rees GA. Self-administered intravenous and intramuscular pethidine. A controlled trial in labour. Anaesthesia 1980; 35:763-70. [PMID: 7004257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1980.tb03916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a randomised controlled trial of mothers in labour intramuscular pethidine 150 mg, repeated if necessary, was compared with self-administered intravenous pethidine (0.25 mg/kg available at 10-min-intervals). Each mother agreed to have either method of pain relief and could opt for epidural block. The intramuscular group had significantly more pethidine than the intravenous group (mean differences, primipara 29 mg; multipara 16 mg). Ratings by mothers of the pain of 1st, 2nd stage and overall (analogue scores and gradings) were consistently better for the intravenous group although not significantly different. There were no differences in mean Apgar scores between the babies in the groups. In mothers who do not choose epidural block, similar pain relief is afforded by adequate intramuscular pethidine or self-demand intravenous pethidine; however, intravenous self-administration is more efficient since the pain relief is achieved with a lower dose of pethidine.
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216
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Harris LR, Gideon JA, Berardinelli S, Reed LD, Dobbin RD, Evans JM, Telesca DR, Tanita RK. Coal liquefaction: recent findings in occupational safety and health. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1980; 41:A50, A54-62. [PMID: 7405819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some coal liquefaction materials are potentially hazardous because of similarities to materials in other related coal processes that have been associated with a high cancer risk. Limited survey data obtained by NIOSH at two coal liquefaction pilot plants have shown that workers were exposed to low concentrations of certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's) and aromatic amines, some of which are suspected carcinogens. The degree of risk incurred by such exposures cannot be determined because toxicologic data allowing for the evaluation of effects at low exposure levels are unavailable. These industrial hygiene studies are discussed as well as recent health and process aspects of this technology.
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217
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Young RJ, Evans JM. Occupational health and coal conversion. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 1979; 48:22-6. [PMID: 471396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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218
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Bhattacharya A, Knapp CF, McCutcheon EP, Evans JM. Modification of cardiac function by synchronized oscillating acceleration. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 1979; 47:612-20. [PMID: 533756 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1979.47.3.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of selected cardiovascular (CV) responses to the physical stressor of External whole-body oscillating Acceleration Synchronized with the Electrocardiogram (EASE) was analyzed in 8 chronically instrumented tranquilized dogs. A sinusoidal acceleration wave form was imposed on the supine animals along the spinal (+/- Gz) axis at a constant amplitude of +/- 0.75 G, and a frequency equal to the paced-heart frequency (2--3 Hz). When the peak force was positive in early systole, and negative in early diastole, changes in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2, + 8%), mean coronary flow (MCF, + 8%), stroke volume (SV, + 15%), cardiac work (CW, + 19%) and the time derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt, + 18%) were minimal in comparison to nonoscillatory control values. When the peak force was positive in early diastole and negative in late diastole and early systole, changes in MVo2 (+ 41%), MCF (+ 39%), SV (+ 33%), CW (+ 50%), and dP/dt (+ 31%) were maximal. Thus the capability of EASE to produce a range of desired sustained CV responses provides a basis for its potential diagnostic/therapeutic applications.
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219
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Bhattacharya A, Knapp CF, McCutcheon EP, Evans JM. Cardiac responses of dogs to nonsynchronous and heart synchronous whole-body vibration. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 1979; 46:549-55. [PMID: 438026 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cardiac function produced by synchronizing vibration-induced forces with events in the cardiac cycle were compared to those for the nonsynchronous case in eight chronically instrumented, tranquilized dogs. The supine animals received sinusoidal, whole-body vibration (along the spinal +/- Gz axis) at a constant acceleration amplitude (+/- 0.75 G). The vibration frequency (2-3 Hz) was set equal to the paced heart frequency. Synchronization between vibration and cardiac cycles on a beat-by-beat basis produced a specific and sustained cardiovascular response; such a sustained response was not possible with nonsynchronous vibration. With synchronization, relationships could be found and sustained in which changes either exceeded or were below mean nonsynchronous levels, in some cases below previbration values. For the synchronous vs. nonsynchronous states, significant modification of cardiac function was reflected in parameters such as coronary flow (+15% to -34%) and myocardial oxygen consumption (+21% to -51%). Thus, whole-body oscillation acceleration (vibration) is a forcing function that can produce and maintain a particular cardiovascular response.
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220
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Evans JM, Knapp CF, Lowery TR. Pressor response buffering by beta-adrenergic and cholinergic vasodilation in tranquilized dogs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1979; 236:H165-73. [PMID: 35010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1979.236.1.h165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Buffering of alpha-receptor-mediated pressor responses by beta-adrenergic or cholinergic vasodilation in tranquilized, chronically instrumented gos was investigated. Increases in aortic pressure were produced in the same animal by intravenous injections of phenylephrine in the control state and in three successive experimental states by 1) pacing the heart to remove the reflex capability to lower heart rate, 2) pacing the heart and beta-blockade to remove beta-adrenergic vascular buffering, and 3) beta-blockade plus atropine to also remove cholinergic vascular buffering. The pressor response in each experimental state was greater than that in the state preceding it. With the combined beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade, the pressor response to an alpha-receptor stimulation was three times greater than that of the control state. From an analysis of the components of the pressor response, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance, it is suggested that normal buffering of an alpha-mediated pressor response may include beta-adrenergic and cholinergic vascular dilation in addition to a decrease in heart rate.
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221
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Young RJ, McKay WJ, Evans JM. Coal gasification and occupational health. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1978; 39:985-97. [PMID: 369347 DOI: 10.1080/0002889778507899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification and prevention of health effects due to occupational exposures in coal gasification processes requires a basic knowledge of the technological process by which gasification proceeds. This paper presents an overview of the technology and a rational approach to health hazard identification based upon the concept of the unit operation specific micro environment. A final section is devoted to summarizing current research efforts being carried out under the aegis of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
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223
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Jemmett JE, Evans JM. Anaesthesia in rabbits. Vet Rec 1978; 102:369. [PMID: 654052 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102.16.369-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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224
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Evans JM, Gray OP, Holland BM, Wardrop CA. Simple and versatile method for measuring oxygen consumption in infants. Arch Dis Child 1978; 53:330-3. [PMID: 646446 PMCID: PMC1544885 DOI: 10.1136/adc.53.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and accurate method for measuring oxygen consumption in infants is described. Expired gas is entrained in a stream of air drawn through a gently applied face mask. Oxygen consumption is derived from (1) gas flow rate, measured with a flowmeter, and (2) the fall in oxygen concentration of the gas mixture, measured with a paramagnetic analyser. A measurement can be made at the bedside within 2 minutes without disturbing the infant. In 17 mature 2-day-old neonates mean oxygen consumption was 6.52 ml/kg per min, SD 0.90, similar to that previously reported using less simple methods,
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225
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Evans JM, Boling JA. Plasma amino acid profiles, urea and ammonia--nitrogen in one- and eight-year-old ewes fed two levels of protein. Exp Gerontol 1978; 13:461-7. [PMID: 738385 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(78)90058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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226
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Hendy PG, Evans JM. Parenteral copper therapy in sheep. Vet Rec 1977; 101:473. [PMID: 595308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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227
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228
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Evans JM, Keogh JA. Adverse reactions to intravenous anaesthetic induction agents. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1977; 2:735-6. [PMID: 912274 PMCID: PMC1632090 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6089.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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229
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Evans JM, Hogg MI, Rosen M. Correlation of alveolar PCO2 estimated by infra-red analysis and arterial PCO2 in the human neonate and the rabbit. Br J Anaesth 1977; 49:761-4. [PMID: 889663 DOI: 10.1093/bja/49.8.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of an infra-red analyser (Beckman LB-2) in sampling alveolar gas at ventilatory frequencies and volumes occuring in the human neonate has been examined. The optimum sampling flow rate was found to be 300 ml/min; at this flow the 90% response time of the analyser-catheter system was 140 ms. Correlation of estimated alveolar PCO2 and arterial PCO2 was performed in the rabbit which has a ventilatory rate and tidal volume similar to those of the human neonate. There was a good correlation between maximum end-expired PCO2 (PE'CO2) and arterial PCO2 over a wide range of ventilatory rates (10-100 b.p.m.); maximum PE'CO2 was a better index than mean PE'CO2 or alveolar plateau PE'CO2.
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230
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Harris AM, Davies AM, Marshall MJ, Evans JM, Hendy PG, Watson DJ. The treatment of clinical mastitis with cephoxazole and penicillin. Vet Rec 1977; 101:4-7. [PMID: 888320 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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231
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Evans JM, Hogg MI, Rosen M. Measurement of carbon dioxide output, alveolar carbon dioxide concentration and alveolar ventilation in the neonate. Br J Anaesth 1977; 49:453-6. [PMID: 861112 DOI: 10.1093/bja/49.5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A system is described for measuring carbon dioxide output and alveolar carbon dioxide concentration in the neonate and for deriving the volume of alveolar ventilation. Air is drawn through a soft rubber face mask applied loosely to the face so that all expired gas is entrained. A fraction of the flow is sampled by an infra-red analyser, the signal from which is integrated to provide a measure of carbon dioxide output. Alveolar carbon dioxide concentration is measured by continuous sampling of expired gas through a nasal catheter. The response time of the catheter-analyser system is 140 ms. In 20 healthy 1-day-old neonates the mean carbon dioxide excretion was 5.86 ml/min. kg-1 (STPD) and the mean alveolar PCO2 was 4.85 kPa. From these measurements mean alveolar ventilation 147 ml/min. kg-1 (BTPS) was calculated. These results are similar to those obtained by other methods.
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232
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de Marcano D, Evans JM, Kohout L, Ludovic I, Narvaez M, Salas O, Vallejos CA. D-homoandrostanes.2. Preparation and properties of some dioxygenated D-homo-5alpha-androstanes. J Org Chem 1977; 42:1221-5. [PMID: 845707 DOI: 10.1021/jo00427a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Evans CC, Lewinsöhn HC, Evans JM. Frequency of HLA antigen in asbestos workers with and without pulmonary fibrosis. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1977; 1:603-5. [PMID: 843830 PMCID: PMC1605310 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6061.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HLA antigens were determined in 37 patients with asbestosis and 37 matched controls with equivalent asbestos exposure but no pulmonary fibrosis. All had worked in the same textile factory. No significant differences in the prevalence of antigens were found between the two groups or between either group and controls who had not been exposed to asbestos. When the data were combined with findings from other pilot studies the previously suggested association between asbestosis and HLA-B27 was not confirmed. Subjects who were positive for HLA-B12 tended also to have advanced radiographic fibrosis. Asbestos workers without pulmonary fibrosis had an unexpectedly high frequency of HLA-BW5, which might indicate that this antigen protects against the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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234
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Evans JM, Jemmett JE. Progestogens in pregnant bitches. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977; 170:247, 250. [PMID: 833028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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236
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Evans JM, Hogg MI, Rosen M. Reversal of narcotic depression in the neonate by nalozone. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 2:1098-100. [PMID: 990784 PMCID: PMC1689462 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6044.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naloxone 40 mug was administered intravenously one minute after birth to 20 out of 44 neonates whose mother had been given pethidine in labour. These neonates were compared with 20 others whose mothers had had only lumbar epidural block. Alveolar PCO2, alveolar ventilation, and ventilatory rate were measured 10 and 30 minutes after birth. The untreated neonates of mothers who had had pethidine showed significant ventilatory depression compared with infants in the epidural and naloxone-treated groups. The naloxone-treated neonates were comparable with the epidural group, although the effects of naloxone were diminishing at 30 minutes. Naloxone is an effective narcotic antagonist which should be considered to be the drug of choice for treating narcotic depression in the neonate.
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237
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Harris AM, Marshall MJ, Curtis R, Watson DJ, Evans JM. Cephalosporins in the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Vet Rec 1976; 99:128-9. [PMID: 969198 DOI: 10.1136/vr.99.7.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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238
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Evans JM, Rosen M, McCarthy J, Hogg MJ. Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. Lancet 1976; 1:906-7. [PMID: 58168 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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239
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240
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Evans JM, Rosen M, MacCarthy J, Hogg MI. Apparatus for patient-controlled administration of intravenous narcotics during labour. Lancet 1976; 1:17-8. [PMID: 54518 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intermittent intravenous administration of narcotic analgesics had advantages over intramuscular administration, but is often impracticable. The design of a prototype apparatus is described, from which analgesic, pethidine, can be self-administered intravenously during labour. The apparatus consists of a syringe pump and control system from which the patient can demand an increment of analgesic. The minimum interval between increments and the dose of the increment are preset. A demand for analgesia is only successful when the patient passes a reaction-time test, subsequently modified. The apparatus has been used by forty-two mothers in labour. The mean total dose self-administered (2.2 mg/kg) was well within the prescribed limits, suggesting that mothers regulated their demand. The apparatus appears acceptable and safe in labour. The apparatus will probably be of value in comparative studies of analgesics.
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241
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Evans JM, Jemmett JE. Letter: Megestrol acetate in veterinary medicine. Vet Rec 1975; 97:505. [PMID: 1202748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Two cases of Horner's syndrome complicating lumbar epidural block in pregnant women in labour are described. The aetiology of the complication is discussed and it is suggested that epidural injections should not be made while the patient is in the lithotomy position.
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Evans JM, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Miners JO, Pendlebury A, Wilkins AL. Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XVI. Incubation of derivatives (mainly acetals) of 5alpha-androstane ketones with the fungi Calonectria decora, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Rhizopus nigricans. JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 1975:1356-9. [PMID: 1172504 DOI: 10.1039/p19750001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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249
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Evans JM, Hogg MI, Lunn JN, Rosen M. A comparative study of the narcotic against activity of naloxone and levallorphan. Anaesthesia 1974; 29:721-7. [PMID: 4429197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1974.tb00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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250
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