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Lee KY, Majewski J, Kuhl TL, Howes PB, Kjaer K, Lipp MM, Waring AJ, Zasadzinski JA, Smith GS. Synchrotron X-ray study of lung surfactant-specific protein SP-B in lipid monolayers. Biophys J 2001; 81:572-85. [PMID: 11423439 PMCID: PMC1301536 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the first x-ray scattering measurements to determine the effects of SP-B(1-25), the N-terminus peptide of lung surfactant-specific protein SP-B, on the structure of palmitic acid (PA) monolayers. In-plane diffraction shows that the peptide fluidizes a portion of the monolayer but does not affect the packing of the residual ordered phase. This implies that the peptide resides in the disordered phase, and that the ordered phase is essentially pure lipid, in agreement with fluorescence microscopy studies. X-ray reflectivity shows that the peptide is oriented in the lipid monolayer at an angle of approximately 56 degrees relative to the interface normal, with one end protruding past the hydrophilic region into the fluid subphase and the other end embedded in the hydrophobic region of the monolayer. The quantitative insights afforded by this study lead to a better understanding of the lipid/protein interactions found in lung surfactant systems.
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Takamoto DY, Lipp MM, von Nahmen A, Lee KY, Waring AJ, Zasadzinski JA. Interaction of lung surfactant proteins with anionic phospholipids. Biophys J 2001; 81:153-69. [PMID: 11423403 PMCID: PMC1301500 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Langmuir isotherms, fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to study lung surfactant specific proteins SP-B and SP-C in monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG), which are representative of the anionic lipids in native and replacement lung surfactants. Both SP-B and SP-C eliminate squeeze-out of POPG from mixed DPPG/POPG monolayers by inducing a two- to three-dimensional transformation of the fluid-phase fraction of the monolayer. SP-B induces a reversible folding transition at monolayer collapse, allowing all components of surfactant to remain at the interface during respreading. The folds remain attached to the monolayer, are identical in composition and morphology to the unfolded monolayer, and are reincorporated reversibly into the monolayer upon expansion. In the absence of SP-B or SP-C, the unsaturated lipids are irreversibly lost at high surface pressures. These morphological transitions are identical to those in other lipid mixtures and hence appear to be independent of the detailed lipid composition of the monolayer. Instead they depend on the more general phenomena of coexistence between a liquid-expanded and liquid-condensed phase. These three-dimensional monolayer transitions reconcile how lung surfactant can achieve both low surface tensions upon compression and rapid respreading upon expansion and may have important implications toward the optimal design of replacement surfactants. The overlap of function between SP-B and SP-C helps explain why replacement surfactants lacking in one or the other proteins often have beneficial effects.
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Abstract
In acute ischemic stroke, reocclusion after an initially successful thrombolysis treatment can occur and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The authors present the successful use of abciximab, a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, in a patient with a thrombotic occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery, which was refractory to combined IV and intra-arterial thrombolysis and percutaneous intracranial balloon angioplasty.
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Kim NK, Park JK, Lee KY, Yang WI, Yun SH, Sung J, Min JS. p53, BCL-2, and Ki-67 expression according to tumor response after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8:418-24. [PMID: 11407516 DOI: 10.1007/s10434-001-0418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer is an important modality for curative resection, but tumors show wide spectrum response. The purpose of this study was to investigate any correlation among related genetic mutations, proliferative index, and tumor response after CCRT. METHODS This study included 23 patients with rectal cancer, who were preoperatively staged as at least T3 N1 or T4 (determined by transrectal ultrasonography and MRI). Enrolled patients were given 5-FU 450 mg/m2/day and leucovorin 20 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days during weeks 1 and 5 of radiotherapy (45-54 Gy). Surgical resection was performed 4 weeks after completion of the scheduled treatment. Tumor response was classified as CR (complete response), PR (partial response: 50% diminution of tumor volume and downstaging), and NR (no response). Paraffin-embedded tissue obtained before chemoradiotherapy was studied by immunohistochemical staining for p53, BCL-2, and Ki-67. The extent of tumor response was correlated with proliferative activity and was measured by immunostaining Ki-67 proliferative antigen and the expression of p53 and BCL-2 oncoproteins. RESULTS All patients were resectable. CR was obtained in 4 patients, PR in 10 patients, and NR in 9 patients. The p53 mutation was noted in 16 patients: NR in 5 patients, PR in 9 patients, and CR in 2 patients (P = .638). BCL-2 expression was noted in 11 patients: NR in 4 patients, PR in 3 patients, and CR in 4 patients (P = .799). The Ki-67 labeling index was NR: 615.4+/-47.2; PR: 663.2+/-20.4; and CR: 765.5+/-58.3 (CR + PR vs. NR, P = .029). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical expression of p53 and BCL-2 does not correlate with tumor response after CCRT, but Ki-67 labeling may be a useful parameter for radiosensitive tumors selected for CCRT.
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Cho YU, Kim JY, Choi SK, Hur YS, Lee KY, Kim SJ, Ahn SI, Hong KC, Woo ZH, Han JY, Shin SH. A case of hemorrhagic gallbladder paraganglioma causing acute cholecystitis. Yonsei Med J 2001; 42:352-6. [PMID: 11456404 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2001.42.3.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder paraganglioma is a very rare tumor and so far only a few cases have been reported. Most of these were asymptomatic and were found incidentally during operation. Recently, we experienced a gallbladder paraganglioma that gave rise to hemorrhage, which in turn caused acute cholecystitis. Our case involved a 45 year-old female patient complaining of an intermittent right upper abdominal pain. After a preoperative evaluation, cholecystectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed under the impression of gallbladder cancer with acute cholecystitis. Postoperative pathologic examination revealed a hemorrhagic gallbladder paraganglioma accompanied by acute cholecystitis. Immunohistochemical staining of the chief cells for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin and synaptophysin were positive. Sustentacular cells also stained positively for S100 protein.
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Diamant H, Witten TA, Ege C, Gopal A, Lee KY. Topography and instability of monolayers near domain boundaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 2001; 63:061602. [PMID: 11415114 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.061602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically study the topography of a biphasic surfactant monolayer in the vicinity of domain boundaries. The differing elastic properties of the two phases generally lead to a nonflat topography of "mesas," where domains of one phase are elevated with respect to the other phase. The mesas are steep but low, having heights of up to 10 nm. As the monolayer is laterally compressed, the mesas develop overhangs and eventually become unstable at a surface tension of about K(deltac(0))(2) (deltac(0) being the difference in spontaneous curvature and K a bending modulus). In addition, the boundary is found to undergo a topography-induced rippling instability upon compression, if its line tension is smaller than about Kdeltac(0). The effect of diffuse boundaries on these features and the topographic behavior near a critical point are also examined. We discuss the relevance of our findings to several experimental observations related to surfactant monolayers: (i) small topographic features recently found near domain boundaries; (ii) folding behavior observed in mixed phospholipid monolayers and model lung surfactants; (iii) roughening of domain boundaries seen under lateral compression; (iv) the absence of biphasic structures in tensionless surfactant films.
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Lee KY, Noh SH, Hyung WJ, Lee JH, Lah KH, Choi SH, Min JS. Impact of splenectomy for lymph node dissection on long-term surgical outcome in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8:402-6. [PMID: 11407513 DOI: 10.1007/s10434-001-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of gastric cancer, splenectomy is performed for effective lymph node dissection around the splenic artery and splenic hilum. The purpose of this study was to clarify the long-term outcome of splenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS The effect of splenectomy on recurrence and prognosis was examined in a retrospective analysis of 665 patients who had undergone curative total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma from 1987 to 1996. The risk factors associated with recurrence and prognosis were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The splenectomy group showed more advanced lesions and a higher recurrence rate than the spleen-preserved group. However, after adjusting for the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage, there was no significant difference in recurrence rate and pattern between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gross type, serosal invasion, and nodal metastasis were independent risk factors for recurrence while splenectomy was not. When comparing patients with the same TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stages, no significant difference in the 5-year survival rates was apparent. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, serosal invasion, and nodal metastasis were independent prognostic factors whereas splenectomy was not. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that splenectomy for lymph node dissection in gastric cancer is not effective regarding long-term patient prognosis.
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Abstract
Determining positive food challenges are not easy as there is an absence of simple and objective tests. Histamine, an essential mediator for allergic reactions, is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and food challenges can change histamine levels. The significances of a prick test with histamine (histamine prick test, HPT) relating to the interpretation of food challenges in AD were evaluated. A total of 467 AD patients participated in this study. Skin prick tests, identification of specific IgE and open food challenge were conducted for the identification of food allergy. Elimination diet was performed with HPT. HPTs were conducted before and after food challenges. The wheal sizes by HPT were significantly decreased after an elimination diet. The relative changes of wheal sizes significantly correlated with those of clinical severity scores in AD patients (p<0.001). The wheal sizes in HPT were increased with a positive provocation in open food challenges. In conclusion, HPT may be a simple and objective test to interprete the results of food challenges in patients with AD. The exact mechanisms of the changes in skin reactivity by HPT need further investigation.
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Seo BK, Lee KY, Yoon YY, Lee DW. Direct and precise determination of environmental radionuclides in solid materials using a modified Marinelli beaker and a HPGe detector. FRESENIUS' JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 370:264-9. [PMID: 11451249 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple but precise detection method was studied for the determination of natural radionuclides using a conventional HPGe detector. A new aluminium beaker instead of a plastic Marinelli beaker was constructed and examined to reach radioactive equilibrium conditions between radon and its daughter elements without the escape of gaseous radon. Using this beaker fifteen natural radionuclides from three natural decay series could be determined by direct gamma-ray measurement and sixteen radionuclides could be determined indirectly after radioactive equilibrium had been reached. Analytical results from ground water were compared with those from conventional alpha spectroscopy and the results agreed well within 12% difference. Nitrogen gas purge was used to replace the surrounding air of the detector to obtain a stable background and reducing the interference of radon daughter nuclides in the atmosphere. The use of nitrogen purging and the aluminium Marinelli beaker results in an approximately tenfold increase of sensitivity and a decrease of the detection limit of 226Ra to about 0.74 Bq kg(-1) in soil samples.
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Han K, Kahng J, Kim M, Lim J, Kim Y, Cho B, Kim HK, Min WS, Kim CC, Lee KY, Kim BK, Kang CS. Expression of functional markers in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Acta Haematol 2001; 104:174-80. [PMID: 11279307 DOI: 10.1159/000046511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance parameters, tissue infiltration parameters, receptors for colony-stimulating factors (CSFr) and cell cycle parameters were analyzed using flow cytometry in 145, 109 initial and 36 relapsed or refractory, acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) patients to find out clinically more reliable functional parameters. Lung resistance-associated protein (LRP) was most frequently expressed in ANLL (44.1%) followed by P-glycoprotein (PGP) (35.9%) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) (8.3%). LRP and PGP were expressed more frequently in relapsed or refractory ANLL than initial ANLL cases. Complete remission rate after standard chemotherapy falls in PGP-positive cases (p = 0.001). CD44-positive ANLL cases relapsed more frequently. The organ tropism is different depending on the infiltration parameters, vascular cell adhesion molecule to splenomegaly, matrix metalloprotease-2 to hepatomegaly and to extramedullary infiltration other than spleen, liver or lymph node. The percentage of the granulocyte-macrophage-CSFr expression was high in M4 and M5, and granulocyte-CSFr-positive ANLL showed less extramedullary infiltration (p = 0.007) and more PGP expression. Ki-67 was expressed significantly less in refractory ANLL than initial ANLL and DNA topisomerase IIalpha was expressed significantly more in the surviving patients group. In conclusion, analysis of these new functional parameters could help to predict and overcome the clinical behavior of each ANLL at the time of diagnosis.
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Kang SY, Lee KY, Sung SH, Park MJ, Kim YC. Coumarins isolated from Angelica gigas inhibit acetylcholinesterase: structure-activity relationships. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:683-685. [PMID: 11374978 DOI: 10.1021/np000441w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity-guided fractionation of Angelica gigas led to isolation and identification of a new coumarin, peucedanone (12), and isolation of 11 known coumarins. Among them, decursinol (1) represented the highest inhibitory activity toward AChE in vitro. The correlation of the inhibitory activities of the coumarins toward AChE with their chemical structures was studied.
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Jung CK, Lee KY, Kim Y, Han K, Shim SI, Kim BK, Kang CS. Epstein-Barr virus infection, drug resistance and prognosis in Korean T- and NK-cell lymphomas. Pathol Int 2001; 51:355-63. [PMID: 11422793 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are a biologically heterogeneous group of diseases with varying clinical presentations and outcomes. We tried to understand the effect of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on lymphogenesis, prognostic factors and drug resistance of T-cell lymphomas, and to establish their relationship with international prognostic factors. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 35 patients (12 women and 23 men) with T-cell lymphomas were examined to detect the presence of EBV using RNA in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) 1/2 and immunohistochemical stain for latent membrane protein (LMP)-1. We also tried to establish the expression of p53 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using immunohistochemistry. The distribution according to the subgroup was: two T-lymphoblastic lymphomas, 13 NK/T-cell lymphomas, one angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 17 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, unspecified, and two anaplastic large cell lymphomas. The EBER was detected in 15 of 35 T-cell lymphomas (42.9%) and among these it was detected in five of 17 nodal lymphomas (29.4%) and 10 of 18 extranodal lymphomas (55.6%). There was close correlation between EBER positivity and NK/T-cell lymphoma (P = 0.032). Expression of LMP was found in a proportion of tumor cells in seven of the 15 EBER-positive cases (46.7%). There was no correlation between EBER expression and complete response (CR rate), but coexpression of EBER and p53 was associated with treatment failure (P = 0.047). The 18 patients (51.4%) with p53 expression had significantly poorer outcomes compared with the 17 patients without p53 expression (CR rate, P < 0.0005; overall survival, P = 0.0102). Twenty of 35 patients (57.1%) were positive for P-gp expression. P-gp expression was significantly associated with treatment failure (P = 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.0089). Seventeen of 35 patients (48.6%) treated with systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy achieved a CR after initial treatment. When the prognostic factors were grouped using the international prognostic index, the CR rate was 58.8% for the low risk group, 50.0% for the low-intermediate risk group, 14.3% for the high-intermediate risk group, and 0% for the high risk group. In conclusion, high incidence of EBV was detected among Korean patients with T-cell lymphomas. Our study supports the prediction that patients who express p53 and P-gp have a poorer prognosis than those who do not and this should be considered when treatment strategies for individual patients are selected.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Infant
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Li JP, Lee KY, Chang TM, Chey WY. MEK inhibits secretin release and pancreatic secretion: roles of secretin-releasing peptide and somatostatin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 280:G890-6. [PMID: 11292597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.5.g890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of action of methionine enkephalin (MEK) on HCl-stimulated secretin release and pancreatic exocrine secretion. Anesthetized rats with pancreatobiliary cannulas and isolated upper small intestinal loops were perfused intraduodenally with 0.01 N HCl while bile and pancreatic juice were diverted. The effect of intravenous MEK on acid-stimulated secretin release and pancreatic exocrine secretion was then studied with or without coinfusion of naloxone, an anti-somatostatin (SS) serum, or normal rabbit serum. Duodenal acid perfusate, which contains secretin-releasing peptide (SRP) activity, was collected from donor rats with or without pretreatment with MEK, MEK + naloxone, or MEK + anti-SS serum, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and neutralized. The concentrated acid perfusate (CAP), which contains SRP bioactivity, was infused intraduodenally into recipient rats. MEK increased plasma SS concentration and inhibited secretin release and pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion dose-dependently. The inhibition was partially reversed by naloxone and anti-SS serum but not by normal rabbit serum. In recipient rats, CAP increased plasma secretin level and pancreatic secretion. CAP SRP bioactivity decreased when it was collected from MEK-treated donor rats; this was partially reversed by coinfusion with naloxone or anti-SS serum. These results suggest that in the rat, MEK inhibition of acid-stimulated pancreatic secretion and secretin release involves suppression of SRP activity release. Thus the MEK inhibitory effect appears to be mediated in part by endogenous SS.
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Chey WY, Jin HO, Lee MH, Sun SW, Lee KY. Colonic motility abnormality in patients with irritable bowel syndrome exhibiting abdominal pain and diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1499-506. [PMID: 11374689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although colon dysmotility is recognized as a pathophysiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it has not been characterized. We have investigated motility patterns in IBS patients with abdominal pain and frequent defecation or diarrhea and in healthy volunteers. METHODS A recording catheter that had six polyvinyl tubes with infusion ports was placed in the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon under fluoroscopy. After 2-h basal recordings, motility responses to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and a meal were studied for 3 h. The motility index (MI) and number of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) in 10 IBS patients were compared with those of 10 controls. HAPCs were correlated with abdominal pain, and colon transit time using radio-opaque markers was determined. Using human colon muscle strips, the effect of CCK-8 on muscle contractions was also studied. RESULTS The MI and mean number and peak amplitude of HAPCs in IBS patients were significantly greater than in controls. These abnormalities paralleled markedly shortened colonic transit time. Abdominal pain coincided with >90% of HAPCs. Dose-dependent muscle contraction by CCK-8 was profoundly suppressed both by loxiglumide and atropine. CONCLUSIONS The dysmotility in this subset of IBS patients was characterized by significantly increased occurrences of powerful HAPCs that paralleled rapid colon transit and were accompanied by abdominal pain. Thus, it is suggested that this powerful contraction is one of the causes of abdominal pain. The action of CCK-8 seems to be mediated via the colon enteric nervous system.
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Lee KY, So JS, Heo TR. Thin layer chromatographic determination of organic acids for rapid identification of bifidobacteria at genus level. J Microbiol Methods 2001; 45:1-6. [PMID: 11295192 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(01)00214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a simple and fast method for the identification of bifidobacteria using a thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis of the short chain fatty acids in a culture broth. When the chromatogram was sprayed with the indicator solution (methyl red-bromophenol blue in 70% ethanol), lactic acid exhibited two red spots, and acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid all produced blue spots. Succinic acid and citric acid produced yellow and dark yellow spot, respectively. In addition, these organic acids showed different R(f) values. The total time taken to analyze the organic acids in the 10 bacterial culture broths using the proposed method was approximately 50 min. The proposed TLC method was used to analyze the organic acids in culture broths of the following strains, five Bifidobacterium species. (Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. bifidum, and B. adolescentis) and five other lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei, L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and S. lactis). Both spots of lactic acid and acetic acid were detected on all the TLC plates from the five bifidobacterial culture broths. The five other lactic acid bacterial culture broths, however, only exhibited lactic acid spots. Accordingly, the proposed TLC method would appear to be a useful tool for rapid identification of Bifidobacterium spp. at the genus level.
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Ding J, Takamoto DY, von Nahmen A, Lipp MM, Lee KY, Waring AJ, Zasadzinski JA. Effects of lung surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and palmitic acid on monolayer stability. Biophys J 2001; 80:2262-72. [PMID: 11325728 PMCID: PMC1301417 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Langmuir isotherms and fluorescence and atomic force microscopy images of synthetic model lung surfactants were used to determine the influence of palmitic acid and synthetic peptides based on the surfactant-specific proteins SP-B and SP-C on the morphology and function of surfactant monolayers. Lung surfactant-specific protein SP-C and peptides based on SP-C eliminate the loss to the subphase of unsaturated lipids necessary for good adsorption and respreading by inducing a transition between monolayers and multilayers within the fluid phase domains of the monolayer. The morphology and thickness of the multilayer phase depends on the lipid composition of the monolayer and the concentration of SP-C or SP-C peptide. Lung surfactant protein SP-B and peptides based on SP-B induce a reversible folding transition at monolayer collapse that allows all components of surfactant to be retained at the interface during respreading. Supplementing Survanta, a clinically used replacement lung surfactant, with a peptide based on the first 25 amino acids of SP-B also induces a similar folding transition at monolayer collapse. Palmitic acid makes the monolayer rigid at low surface tension and fluid at high surface tension and modifies SP-C function. Identifying the function of lung surfactant proteins and lipids is essential to the rational design of replacement surfactants for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.
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Ahn SI, Hong KC, Hur YS, Lee KY, Kim SJ, Seo JM, Kim YB, Woo ZH, Shin SH. Cholecystocolic fistula caused by blunt trauma. Injury 2001; 32:341-2. [PMID: 11325373 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(00)00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hong JJ, Choi JH, Oh SR, Lee HK, Park JH, Lee KY, Kim JJ, Jeong TS, Oh GT. Inhibition of cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression; possible mechanism for anti-atherogenic effect of Agastache rugosa. FEBS Lett 2001; 495:142-7. [PMID: 11334881 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) play an important role during the early stages of atherogenesis. Agastache rugosa has an anti-atherogenic effect in low density lipoprotein receptor -/- mice. Moreover, A. rugosa reduced macrophage infiltration and VCAM-1 expression has been localized in aortic endothelium that overlies early foam cell lesions. This study ascertained that tilianin (100 microM), a major component of A. rugosa, inhibits the tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of VCAM-1 by 74% in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Also, tilianin (100 microM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in HUVECs.
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Suk K, Kim YH, Chang I, Kim JY, Choi YH, Lee KY, Lee MS. IFNalpha sensitizes ME-180 human cervical cancer cells to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytoprotective NF-kappaB activation. FEBS Lett 2001; 495:66-70. [PMID: 11322949 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) induces apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell types. The anti-tumor effect of TNFalpha is often augmented by interferon (IFN) gamma. We hypothesized that IFNalpha, which shares many biological activities with IFNgamma, might also synergize with TNFalpha for the induction of tumor cell death. We tested our hypothesis using ME-180 human cervical cancer cells exposed to either IFNalpha or TNFalpha alone or both. We analyzed the death of ME-180 cells by biochemical and cytological means, and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying cytotoxic synergism between the two cytokines. We found that (i) IFNalpha/TNFalpha synergistically induced apoptosis of ME-180 cells, which was accompanied by activation of caspases-3 and -8; (ii) IFNalpha induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 phosphorylation, and transfection of phosphorylation-defective STAT1 dominant-negative mutant inhibited IFNalpha/TNFalpha-induced apoptosis; (iii) inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) by proteasome inhibitor MG-132 sensitized ME-180 cells to TNFalpha alone; (iv) IFNalpha treatment attenuated TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB reporter activity, while it did not inhibit DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Taken collectively, our results indicate that IFNalpha sensitizes ME-180 cells to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting TNFalpha-mediated cytoprotective NF-kappaB activation, and this sensitizing effect of IFNalpha is mediated through a STAT1-dependent pathway.
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Abstract
We describe the characteristic clinical and pathologic findings of three cases of constrictive bronchiolitis. All three patients were middle-aged women with chronic respiratory illness characterized by chronic cough, dyspnea, mild to severe obstructive pulmonary dysfunction, relatively normal chest radiographs with occasional peribronchial infiltration, and lack of response to bronchodilators or prednisolone. The patients also had medical diseases such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hyperprolactinemia in case 1 and 3, respectively. None of the patients smoked cigarettes and had clinical evidence of recent viral lower respiratory tract infection. Histologic study by open lung biopsy revealed a spectrum of changes ranging from active cellular bronchiolitis to obliterative peribronchiolar fibrosis. The intervening interstitial and alveolar areas showed no remarkable lesion. Immunohistochemically, the bronchiolar or peribronchiolar inflammatory infiltrates mainly comprised of mixed T- and B-lymphocytes. It may be possible that the active form of constrictive bronchiolitis is initiated by attendant lymphocytic inflammation of the airways, which is followed by fibrous obliteration of bronchioles.
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Inazumi K, Gentile RC, Lee KY, Ishikawa H, McCormick SA, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Ultrasound biomicroscopic diagnosis of cyclitic membranes. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 131:446-50. [PMID: 11292407 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy in imaging cyclitic membranes. METHODS Patients with hypotony and suspected or known cyclitic membrane underwent ultrasound biomicroscopic examination. Histopathology of cyclitic membrane was correlated with ultrasound biomicroscopy in three cases. RESULTS Six eyes of six patients were enrolled. Mean patient age was 62.2 +/- 18.4 (SD) years. The mean intraocular pressure in the affected eye was 4.3 +/- 3.4 mmHg. Three eyes were pseudophakic and three eyes were aphakic. All eyes had undergone two or more previous intraocular surgeries. Ultrasound biomicroscopy imaged the cyclitic membrane in all six eyes. Histopathology revealed fibroproliferative cyclitic membranes with associated inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION Ultrasound biomicroscopy is useful in detecting the presence of those cyclitic membranes that may not be identified on clinical examination.
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Lee SS, Lee KY, Noh G. The necessity of diet therapy for successful interferon-gamma therapy in atopic dermatitis. Yonsei Med J 2001; 42:161-71. [PMID: 11371102 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2001.42.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The avoidance of incriminated foods is one of the principal therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, interferon (IFN)-gamma therapy has been tried in AD with limited success. The necessity of diet therapy for the success of IFN-gamma therapy in AD was evaluated. A total of 524 AD patients participated in this study and 316 patients among them were entered into open food challenge tests. As the first step, an elimination diet was administered to 43 AD patients and 30 AD patients were enrolled as an untreated control group. As the second step, 45 AD patients were treated by both IFN-gamma therapy and elimination diet alone, 30 AD patients by elimination diet alone, 50 AD patients by IFN-gamma therapy, and 43 AD patients as controls. Clinical severity reduced significantly by using only the elimination diet in 58.1% patients with varying degrees of AD. Elimination diet improved the clinical results of IFN-gamma therapy in AD. In regard to the food challenge test, 77.8% of AD patients showed an adverse reaction to at least one food. Diet therapy itself had therapeutic effects on AD and an elimination diet might be essential for the success of IFN-gamma therapy in AD.
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Hong JJ, Jeong TS, Choi JH, Park JH, Lee KY, Seo YJ, Oh SR, Oh GT. Hematein inhibits tumor necrotic factor-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:1127-33. [PMID: 11243852 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte adhesion to the endothelium via adhesion molecules is one of the earliest events in atherogenesis. It has been suggested that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays a very important role in the recruitment of monocytes in atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether hematein can influence the expression of VCAM-1 and the transcription of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that mouse aortic artery endothelial cells express VCAM-1 after feeding a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Hematein dose dependently suppressed TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 in both surface (30.8%) and soluble protein (65%) production in HUVECs. The transcription level of VCAM-1 was measured by Northern blot analysis, and decreased VCAM-1 protein expression was associated with a reduction of VCAM-1 mRNA expression. Transient transfection study of NF-kappaB promoter construct and electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that hematein inhibited both NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression and NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF-alpha. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of VCAM-1 expression by hematein may in part be due to the inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression.
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Han CW, Choi JH, Kim JM, Kim WY, Lee KY, Oh GT. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of inflammatory cytokine production in fibroblast-like rheumatoid synoviocytes is independent of nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:267-73. [PMID: 11285373 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether steroids inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines by the inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in fibroblast-like rheumatoid synoviocytes (FLSs) under inflammatory conditions, and to determine whether steroids stimulate the induction of synthesis of the inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha in the anti-inflammatory immune response of these cells. METHODS Expression of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) genes was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the secreted IL-6 was measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inhibition of the NF-kappaB activation was examined with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In order to study dexamethasone (DEX)-dependent regulation of IkappaB-alpha expression, we performed Western blotting before and after stimulation with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). RESULTS The inflammatory cytokine study showed that DEX suppressed gene expression and the production of protein in FLSs. EMSA demonstrated that identical amounts of NF-kappaB were present in the nucleus of the FLSs stimulated by TNF-alpha, with or without pretreatment with DEX. Treatment of FLSs with DEX did not induce an increase in IkappaB-alpha sufficient to prevent nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB on stimulation with TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION DEX may suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1beta, but it neither prevents the translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus nor induces the synthesis of IkappaB-alpha protein in FLSs stimulated by TNF-alpha.
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