Macroabrasion in pediatric dentistry

One of the most frequent reasons for seeking dental care is discolored anterior teeth. Macroabrasion is a technique used for the removal of localized superficial white spots and other surface stains. This article has compiled three case reports with relevant clinical photographs of discolored teeth where the treatment regimen included macroabrasion alone as well as macro-abrasion in combination with anterior composite restorations.

Root development of permanent lateral incisor in cleft lip and palate children: A radiographic study

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to compare the root development of lateral incisor on the cleft side with the root development of its contralateral tooth in cleft lip and palate children.

SETTING

Cleft lip and palate wing, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, South India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A sample of 96 orthopantamograms of patients with unilateral orbilateral cleft lip and/or cleft palate was selected, regardless of sex and race.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Orthopantamograms were analyzed for root development of lateral incisor on the cleft and non cleft side. Associated anomalies like hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, malformed lateral incisors and root development of canine, if present, were recorded.

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

Root development of permanent lateral incisor was delayed on the cleft side compared to the non cleft side. There was a statistically significant relationship between levels of root development of lateral incisors on the cleft side within the different study groups(P < 0.05). Incidence of hypodontia increased in proportion to cleft severity. Frequency of missing second premolars, supernumerary teeth and malformed lateral incisors increased in cleft lip and palate patients. Root development of canine showed a slight delay on the cleft side when compared to the canine on the noncleft side.

Accuracy of electronic apex locator in length determination in the presence of different irrigants: An in vitro study

Determining the root canal length accurately had been a challenge in endodontics. Introduction of apex locators have definitely served as an effective adjuvant to radiographs. This in vitro study had attempted to compare the effectiveness of electronic apex locator in the presence of various canal contents. Comparison of the length determined by apex locators with the radiographic length was also made. The results of the study had shown that the length of root canals can be accurately made irrespective of the canal contents.

Evaluation of physiological and behavioral measures in relation to dental anxiety during sequential dental visits in children

Anxiety is a special variety of fear, experienced in anticipation of threatening stimuli. While some research workers have said that the response of a child improves with the number of visits, many have felt otherwise. The present study is yet another effort to find the patterns of anxiety in children during sequential dental visits. The main aim was to determine the physiological and behavioral variations during sequential dental visits and its impact on age and sex. The study was conducted at the outpatient Department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai to evaluate the physiological and behavioural measures of stress and anxiety in children. One hundred and fifteen children, between four and eleven years of age who reported for dental treatment were selected for the study.

Aberrant talon cusps: report of two cases

Talon cusp is an uncommon anomaly seen both in primary and permanent dentition. In most instances they are associated with other clinical problems such as occlusal interferences, poor esthetics and caries susceptibility. Management of such instances requires a comprehensive knowledge of the clinical entity as well as the problems associated with it. Here, we present two cases of talon cusps.

Oral lymphangioma: a case report

Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of lymphatic vessels filled with a clear protein-rich fluid containing few lymph cells. It can also occur in association with hemangioma. Large lymphangioma extending into the tissue spaces of neck is referred to as cystic hygroma. Herewith, we present a case of cystic hygroma associated with lymphangioma of tongue leading to macroglossia in a 5-year-old boy.

Labial and lingual talon cusps of a primary lateral incisor: a case report

Talon cusp occurs as a result of disturbances during the morpho-differentiation stage of tooth development. It is more common on the palatal surface of the permanent maxillary incisors. It can be unilateral/bilateral, but can also occur on the same tooth. Only 2 published reports exist documenting talons on both labial and lingual surfaces of the same tooth in permanent incisors. The purpose of this case report was to present a rare case of a facial and palatal talon cusp on the primary maxillary right lateral incisor in a 5-year-old girl with bilateral cleft lip. In this case, the morphology of the primary incisor was "+" shaped on occlusal view.

Neglected child with substance abuse leading to child abuse: a case report

Child abuse and neglect is any interaction or lack of interaction between a caregiver and a child resulting in nonaccidental harm to the child's physical and developmental state. Substance abuse is ingestion of any drug, which is capable of altering the mental functioning eventually leading to addiction. This paper presents a case report of a 12-year-old neglected girl with substance abuse for which she was physically abused by her mother.

Crown dilaceration of maxillary right permanent central Incisor - A case report

Dilaceration of teeth can occur as a result of trauma to its primary predecessors. Root dilaceration is more common than dilaceration of the crown. A rare case of crown dilaceration of maxillary permanent central incisor has been reported in this article.

Van der Woude syndrome: a case report

Among the many disturbances of development and growth that involve the oral and perioral structures, cleft lip and palate is perhaps the commonest. Dental literature is replete with syndromes associated with cleft lip and palate, one of which is Van der Woude syndrome. The characteristics of Van der Woude syndrome is the association of cleft lip and/or palate with distinctive lower lip pits. A case of Van der Woude syndrome in an 11-year-old boy and his sister is presented.

Supernumerary teeth associated with primary and permanent teeth: a case report

Concomitant presence of a supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition and another supernumerary tooth associated with permanent tooth in the same location is an uncommon condition. Presence of supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition itself is a rare phenomenon. Presented here, is the first such case of simultaneous presence of supernumerary tooth in primary and permanent maxillary lateral incisor region.

Noonan syndrome: a case report

In 1930 Ullrich and in 1938 Turner described females with a syndrome of short stature, sexual infantilism and a pattern of characteristic minor anomalies including pterygium colli. This syndrome named initially as the Urlich-Turner syndrome, was later called Noonan syndrome. It was later shown that the Ullrich-Turner Syndrome (UTS) is caused by monosomy X or a structural abnormality of the second X-chromosome. Presented here is a case of Noonan Syndrome in a four and half year old boy.

Management of an infant with cleft lip and palate with phocomelia in dental practice

Cleft lip and palate is a severe birth defect occurring approximately one in 800-1000 newborn infants. The incidence varies widely among races. Cleft lip and palate together account for approximately 50% of all cases whereas isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate occur in about 25% of cases. Many of these congenital anomalies appear to be genetically determined though the majority are of unknown causes or teratogenic influences. Presented here is a 3 day old infant with bilateral cleft lip and palate and phocomelia for whom a feeding obturator was made and delivered to facilitate feeding.

Multiple supernumerary teeth in the mixed dentition

Supernumerary or extra teeth result from disturbances during the initiation and proliferation stages of dental development. Teeth formed in excess of the normal number are termed supernumerary teeth. A supernumerary tooth may closely resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs i.e. molars, premolars or anterior teeth or it may bear little resemblance in size or shape to the teeth with which it is associated. Discussed here are reports of three cases with multiple supernumerary teeth in the mixed dentition and its management.

Dermatoglyphic fluctuating asymmetry and symmetry in familial and non familial schizophrenia

Three dermatoglyphic traits, viz; finger patterns, finger ridge counts, and palmer a-b ridge counts of 57 (M-29; F-28) and 64 (M-29; F-35). Schizophrenics with and without positive family history respectively, and 65 controls (M-30, F-35), were analysed to determine their level of fluctuating asymmetry.Uniformly higher fluctuating asymmetry was observed in the loop ridge counts of second digits of males and females of both the groups of schizophrenics. Significantly increased symmetry in the right and left loop ridge counts in the fifth digits of the family history positive female patients was noted. Barring the family history positive female schizophrenics, the rest of the patient groups manifested higher fluctuating asymmetry in their right and left whorl ridge counts of fourth digits. Family history positive patients of both sexes and female patients with negative family history displayed higher fluctuating asymmetry in the right and left palmer a-b ridge counts.

Spectrophotometric determination of phosphine residues in rice

Phosphine residues were determined in 2 types of rice samples, raw polished and parboiled. The yellow chromophore due to phosphine from raw polished rice had 2 absorption maxima, a strong one at 370-380 nm and a weaker one at 400-410 nm. The chromophore from parboiled rice also had 2, one at 390-400 nm and the other at 410-420 nm. A closed system containing rice and a phosphine tablet or powder yielded 93-99% recovery of fortified phosphine. At any given dose of phosphine, parboiled rice retained a higher amount of residue after aeration than did raw polished rice.

Effect of acrylonitrile on trehalase, phosphorylase and acetylcholinesterase activities in Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Trogoderma granarium Everts

Acrylonitrile inhibited trehalase and phosphorylases in larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum. In Trogoderma granarium larvae phosphorylases alone were inhibited. Acetylcholinesterase was not affected.

Colorimetric method for the determination of ethylene dibromide residues in grains and air

A method based on the hydrolytic debromination of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in the presence of an oxidizing agent has been developed. Bromine liberated from inorganic bromide is used to brominate p-rosaniline. The intensity of the resulting violet-red bromo compound in chloroform is measured at 580 nm. The relationship between absorbance and concentration of EDB is linear in the range of 5-60 mug. The method is very sensitive and as little as 0.50 ppm unchanged EDB residue in a 20 g sample of fumigated grain and 1 ppm EDB in a 10 ml air sample can be detected.