101
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Takamiya K, Yamamoto A, Furukawa K, Zhao J, Fukumoto S, Yamashiro S, Okada M, Haraguchi M, Shin M, Kishikawa M, Shiku H, Aizawa S, Furukawa K. Complex Gangliosides are Essential in Spermatogenesis of Mice: Possible Roles in the Transport of Testosterone. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)69028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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102
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Nishii K, Tsuzuki T, Kumai M, Takeda N, Koga H, Aizawa S, Nishimoto T, Shibata Y. Abnormalities of developmental cell death in Dad1-deficient mice. Genes Cells 1999; 4:243-52. [PMID: 10336695 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1999.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dad1, the defender against apoptotic cell death, comprises the oligosaccharyltransferase complex and is well conserved among eukaryotes. In hamster BHK21-derived tsBN7 cells, loss of Dad1 causes apoptosis which cannot be prevented by Bcl-2. RESULTS To determine the role of Dad1 function in vivo, we prepared by gene targeting, mice harbouring a disrupted Dad1 gene. Homozygous mutants died shortly after they were implanted with the characteristic features of apoptosis. In an in vitro blastocyst culture system, Dad1-null cells displayed abnormalities which were comparable to those obtained in vivo. However, oligosaccharyltransferase activity was apparently retained even after the Dad1-null cells were destined to die. Some live-born heterozygous mutants displayed soft-tissue syndactyly. Mild thymic hypoplasia was also indicated in heterozygotes. CONCLUSION These results suggest the involvement of the Dad1 gene in the acquisition of a common syndactyly phenotype, as well as in the control of programmed cell death during development.
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103
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Kaneko K, Ohtomo Y, Yamashiro Y, Obinata K, Kurokawa S, Aizawa S. Magnetic resonance angiography in nutcracker phenomenon. Clin Nephrol 1999; 51:259-60. [PMID: 10230562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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104
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Horigome N, Myojin M, Ueki T, Hirano S, Aizawa S, Kuratani S. Development of cephalic neural crest cells in embryos of Lampetra japonica, with special reference to the evolution of the jaw. Dev Biol 1999; 207:287-308. [PMID: 10068464 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.9175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells contribute extensively to vertebrate head morphogenesis and their origin is an important question to address in understanding the evolution of the craniate head. The distribution pattern of cephalic crest cells was examined in embryos of one of the living agnathan vertebrates, Lampetra japonica. The initial appearance of putative crest cells was observed on the dorsal aspect of the neural rod at stage 20.5 and ventral expansion of these cells was first seen at the level of rostral somites. As in gnathostomes, cephalic crest cells migrate beneath the surface ectoderm and form three major cell populations, each being separated at the levels of rhombomeres (r) 3 and r5. The neural crest seems initially to be produced at all neuraxial levels except for the rostral-most area, and cephalic crest cells are secondarily excluded from levels r3 and r5. Such a pattern of crest cell distribution prefigures the morphology of the cranial nerve anlage. The second or middle crest cell population passes medial to the otocyst, implying that the otocyst does not serve as a barrier to separate the crest cell populations. The three cephalic crest cell populations fill the pharyngeal arch ventrally, covering the pharyngeal mesoderm laterally with the rostral-most population covering the premandibular region and mandibular arch. The third cell population is equivalent to the circumpharyngeal crest cells in the chick, and its influx into the pharyngeal region precedes the formation of postotic pharyngeal arches. Focal injection of DiI revealed the existence of an anteroposterior organization in the neural crest at the neurular stage, destined for each pharyngeal region. The crest cells derived from the posterior midbrain that express the LjOtxA gene, the Otx2 cognate, were shown to migrate into the mandibular arch, a pattern which is identical to gnathostome embryos. It was concluded that the head region of the lamprey embryo shares a common set of morphological characters with gnathostome embryos and that the morphological deviation of the mandibular arch between the gnathostomes and the lamprey is not based on the early embryonic patterning.
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105
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Sakai A, Hirabayashi Y, Aizawa S, Tanaka M, Ida S, Oka S. [Investigation of a new p24 antigen detection system by the chemiluminescence-enzyme-immuno-assay]. KANSENSHOGAKU ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1999; 73:205-12. [PMID: 10222665 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.73.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a new p24 antigen detection system by the chemiluminescence-enzyme-immuno-assay (CLEIA) and compared it with the conventional antigen-kits (A; Abbott, B; Coulter). The detection limit of CLEIA, A, and B were 4.3 pg/ml, 11.3 pg/ml, and 5.6 pg/ml, respectively. When the patient's sera and panel sera were examined by the three method, compatible results with the detection limit were obtained. CLEIA can be completed within 35 min, and is performed by an automatic system, which can treat many samples at one time. Therefore, this system is more suitable for screening of donor blood because of the shortening of the window period.
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106
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Aizawa S, Nakano M, Iwase O, Yaguchi M, Hiramoto M, Hoshi H, Nabeshima R, Shima D, Handa H, Toyama K. Bone marrow stroma from refractory anemia of myelodysplastic syndrome is defective in its ability to support normal CD34-positive cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Leuk Res 1999; 23:239-46. [PMID: 10071075 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(98)00163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the supportive function of stromal cells from patients with refractory anemia (RA) of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) on CD34-positive hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation using a long-term bone marrow culture (LTMC) system. Primary marrow stromal cells were obtained from 11 MDS RA patients and 12 healthy volunteers, and freshly prepared CD34-positive bone marrow cells from a normal subject were inoculated onto the stroma. There seems to be three broad patterns of hematopoietic cell growth in the LTMCs. In one group, hematopoietic cells were maintained at near normal levels (type A). In the second group, the number of hematopoietic cells increased within the first 5-10 days of culture, but declined to low levels at 15-20 days of culture as compared with normal control (type B). In the third group, the incidence of hematopoietic cells steadily declined from the beginning of the culture (type C). Furthermore, apoptotic change of hematopoietic cells was very frequently observed in cultures with the type C stroma, which were especially defective for supporting CD34 + cell proliferation and differentiation. The expression of CD95 on hematopoietic cells was induced by the type C stroma, however, production of fas ligand by the stromal cells was not observed. These findings suggest a lack of hematopoietic supportive function in some cases of MDS RA and also indicate that there is heterogeneity of stromal function among MDS RA patients.
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107
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Shimazu T, Aizawa S. STS-95 Space Experiments (plants and cell biology). UCHU SEIBUTSU KAGAKU 1999; 13:25-32. [PMID: 11542477 DOI: 10.2187/bss.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the outline of Space Experiments conducted on Space Shuttle (STS-95) launched in autumn of 1998. In this STS-95 mission, Japanese astronaut Dr. Chiaki Mukai achieved her 2nd space flight and conducted a part of 82 space experiments including Japanese experiments. US astronaut Senator John Glenn also achieved his second space flight, 36 years after his first space flight. Senator Glenn was a leader of the original (the first) 7 US astronauts and very famous in US because he succeeded US first orbital space flight around the earth. NASDA had started the project of space experiment using STS-95 at the summer of 1997, therefore we had only one year for the all preparation Yamashita, et al. Biological Sciences in Space, Vol.12 No.3(1998). Scientific results will be reported by investigators, therefore we report here how we had been developing the space experiment plan, on board operation procedure and ground operations including ground control experiments about four plant experiments and one cell biology experiment.
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108
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Matsukawa Y, Itoh T, Nishinarita S, Ohshima T, Horie T, Aizawa S, Suzuki A, Toyama K, Takahashi S, Asano S, Mine T. Low seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with leukemia. Am J Hematol 1999; 60:253. [PMID: 10072129 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199903)60:3<253::aid-ajh24>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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109
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Irie Y, Asano A, Cañas X, Nikami H, Aizawa S, Saito M. Immortal brown adipocytes from p53-knockout mice: differentiation and expression of uncoupling proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:221-5. [PMID: 10049689 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the specific site for metabolic heat production in mammals. To establish a novel immortal brown adipocyte cell line, the stromal-vascular fraction containing preadipocytes was obtained from interscapular BAT of mice deficient of a tumor-suppressor gene p53. The p53-deficient cells, tentatively named as HB2 cells, could be cultured in vitro after repeated passages and differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of insulin, T3 and/or troglitazone, expressing some adipocyte-specific genes and accumulating intracellular lipid droplets. The mRNA level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial protein specifically present in brown adipocytes, was undetectable in HB2 preadipocytes, but increased after adipose differentiation. In HB2 adipocytes, UCP1 mRNA expression was markedly activated after stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptor pathway. The mRNA of UCP2 and UCP3, recently cloned isoforms of UCP1, were also detected in HB2 adipocytes, but their levels were not influenced by adrenergic stimulation. Thus HB2 cells seem useful for in vitro studies of BAT and UCP functions.
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110
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Suda Y, Nakabayashi J, Matsuo I, Aizawa S. Functional equivalency between Otx2 and Otx1 in development of the rostral head. Development 1999; 126:743-57. [PMID: 9895322 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.4.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice have two Otx genes, Otx1 and Otx2. Prior to gastrulation, Otx2 is expressed in the epiblast and visceral endoderm. As the primitive streak forms, Otx2 expression is restricted to the anterior parts of all three germ layers. Otx1 expression begins at the 1 to 3 somite stage in the anterior neuroectoderm. Otx2 is also expressed in cephalic mesenchyme. Otx2 homozygous mutants fail to develop structures anterior to rhombomere 3 (r3), and Otx2 heterozygotes exhibit craniofacial defects. Otx1 homozygous mutants do not show apparent defects in early brain development. In Otx1 and Otx2 double heterozygotes, rostral neuroectoderm is induced normally, but development of the mes/diencephalic domain is impaired starting at around the 3 to 6 somite stage, suggesting cooperative interactions between the two genes in brain regionalization. To determine whether Otx1 and Otx2 genes are functionally equivalent, we generated knock-in mice in which Otx2 was replaced by Otx1. In homozygous mutants, gastrulation occurred normally, and rostral neuroectoderm was induced at 7.5 days postcoitus (7.5 dpc), but the rostral brain failed to develop. Anterior structures such as eyes and the anterior neural ridge were lost by 8.5 dpc, but the isthmus and r1 and r2 were formed. In regionalization of the rostral neuroectoderm, the cooperative interaction of Otx2 with Otx1 revealed by the phenotype of Otx2 and Otx1 double heterozygotes was substitutable by Otx1. The otocephalic phenotype indicative of Otx2 haploinsufficiency was also largely restored by knocked-in Otx1. Thus most Otx2 functions were replaceable by Otx1, but the requirement for Otx2 in the anterior neuroectoderm prior to onset of Otx1 expression was not. These data indicate that Otx2 may have evolved new functions required for establishment of anterior neuroectoderm that Otx1 cannot perform.
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111
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Eto K, Tsubamoto Y, Terauchi Y, Sugiyama T, Kishimoto T, Takahashi N, Yamauchi N, Kubota N, Murayama S, Aizawa T, Akanuma Y, Aizawa S, Kasai H, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T. Role of NADH shuttle system in glucose-induced activation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Science 1999; 283:981-5. [PMID: 9974390 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5404.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in glycolysis and in mitochondria is pivotal to glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. One or more factors derived from glycolysis other than pyruvate appear to be required for the generation of mitochondrial signals that lead to insulin secretion. The electrons of the glycolysis-derived reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are transferred to mitochondria through the NADH shuttle system. By abolishing the NADH shuttle function, glucose-induced increases in NADH autofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content were reduced and glucose-induced insulin secretion was abrogated. The NADH shuttle evidently couples glycolysis with activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism to trigger insulin secretion.
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112
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Terauchi Y, Tsuji Y, Satoh S, Minoura H, Murakami K, Okuno A, Inukai K, Asano T, Kaburagi Y, Ueki K, Nakajima H, Hanafusa T, Matsuzawa Y, Sekihara H, Yin Y, Barrett JC, Oda H, Ishikawa T, Akanuma Y, Komuro I, Suzuki M, Yamamura K, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Yamamura K, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Koyasu S, Aizawa S, Tobe K, Fukui Y, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T. Increased insulin sensitivity and hypoglycaemia in mice lacking the p85 alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nat Genet 1999; 21:230-5. [PMID: 9988280 DOI: 10.1038/6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of type 2 diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder, is a defect in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in peripheral tissues. Although a role for phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activity in insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) translocation has been suggested in vitro, its role in vivo and the molecular link between activation of PI3K and translocation has not yet been elucidated. To determine the role of PI3K in glucose homeostasis, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K (Pik3r1; refs 3-5). Pik3r1-/- mice showed increased insulin sensitivity and hypoglycaemia due to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Insulin-stimulated PI3K activity associated with insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) was mediated via full-length p85 alpha in wild-type mice, but via the p50 alpha alternative splicing isoform of the same gene in Pik3r1-/- mice. This isoform switch was associated with an increase in insulin-induced generation of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) in Pik3r1-/- adipocytes and facilitation of Glut4 translocation from the low-density microsome (LDM) fraction to the plasma membrane (PM). This mechanism seems to be responsible for the phenotype of Pik3r1-/- mice, namely increased glucose transport and hypoglycaemia. Our work provides the first direct evidence that PI3K and its regulatory subunit have a role in glucose homeostasis in vivo.
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113
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Kitagawa M, Aizawa S, Kamisaku H, Hirokawa K, Ikeda H. Protection of retrovirus-induced disease by transplantation of bone marrow cells transduced with MuLV env gene via retrovirus vector. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:234-41. [PMID: 10029162 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(98)00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fv-4 is a mouse gene that dominantly confers resistance to infection by ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV). We have demonstrated previously that bone marrow chimeras in which hematopoietic cells were replaced with cells expressing Fv-4 resistant (Fv-4r) gene product became refractory to Friend leukemia virus (FLV)-induced leukemogenesis. To induce in vivo resistance against retrovirus-induced diseases by retroviral vector-mediated gene transduction, we introduced Fv-4 env gene into bone marrow cells of FLV-susceptible C3H/He (C3H) mice with retroviral vector (pLSF) derived from murine Friend spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) and the cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated C3H mice. After the bone marrow transplantation, Fv-4r gene product was successfully expressed on erythroid and myeloid cells, while lymphoid cells were only weakly expressing Fv-4r gene product. The C3H mice expressing relatively higher amounts of Fv-4r gene product were rendered resistant to FLV-induced erythroleukemia, while mice expressing lower amounts of the Fv-4r gene product were still susceptible. Effective protection of FLV-induced leukemia in these mice suggested that the Fv-4r gene expression by erythroid cells that were the major target of FLV infection might be critical for resisting FLV-induced leukemia. Thus, gene therapy model by transducing Fv-4r env gene using bone marrow transplantation would provide a useful protection model system of retrovirus-induced diseases.
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114
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Suzuki H, Terauchi Y, Fujiwara M, Aizawa S, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T, Koyasu S. Xid-like immunodeficiency in mice with disruption of the p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Science 1999; 283:390-2. [PMID: 9888854 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5400.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mice with a targeted gene disruption of p85alpha, a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, had impaired B cell development at the pro-B cell stage, reduced numbers of mature B cells and peritoneal CD5+ Ly-1 B cells, reduced B cell proliferative responses, and no T cell-independent antibody production. These phenotypes are nearly identical to those of Btk-/- or xid (X-linked immunodeficiency) mice. These results provide evidence that p85alpha is functionally linked to the Btk pathway in antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction and is pivotal in B cell development and functions.
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115
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Abstract
A gonadoblastoma containing a proliferation of the sex cord element resembling a Sertoli cell tumor was found in the dysgenetic gonad of a 19-year-old Japanese phenotypic woman whose karyotype was 46 XY. The tumor was a solid mass 9 cm in maximal dimension composed of gonadoblastoma, dysgerminoma, and a proliferative sex cord element resembling a Sertoli cell tumor. Transitions between the gonadoblastoma nests and the sertoliform element were observed. These findings suggest that the sex cord element of gonadoblastoma can progress to an independent sex cord tumor.
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116
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Aizawa S. [Poison needles and tails of Salmonella typhimurium: pathogen export apparatus and flagellar motor]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 1999; 44:1-7. [PMID: 10025168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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117
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Sato A, Hamazaki T, Oomura T, Osada H, Kakeya M, Watanabe M, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Koshikawa N, Yoshizaki I, Aizawa S, Yoda S, Ogiso A, Takaoki M, Kohno Y, Tanaka H. Effects of microgravity on c-fos gene expression in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1999; 24:807-813. [PMID: 11542626 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The paper summarizes the data on proliferation and gravity-related gene expression of osteoblasts that were obtained from an experiment conducted under simulated and real microgravity conditions. Simulated microgravity conditions obtained in a clinostat depress proliferation of both osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 and HeLa carcinoma cells. This depression of proliferation occurs in a collagen gel culture in which the flow of culture medium by rotation may be reduced. Interestingly, MC3T3-E1 cells which are probably one of target cells to microgravity are more sensitive than the HeLa cells. Simulated microgravity inhibited the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced c-fos gene expression in the MC3T3-El cells. To examine in detail the effect of real microgravity on the EGF signal transduction cascade in osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the Cell Culture Experiment Module of the sounding rocket TR-1A6. The EGF-induced c-fos expression in cells was depressed under short-term microgravity conditions in the sounding rocket, while the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was not affected compared with the controls grown on the ground. These results suggest that an action site of microgravity in the signal transduction pathway may be downstream of MAPK.
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118
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Li Q, Yoshioka N, Yutsudo M, Inafuku S, Aozasa K, Kitamura Y, Aizawa S, Nishimune Y, Hakura A, Kondoh G. Human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis with p53 deficiency in mouse: novel lymphomagenesis in HPV16E6E7 transgenic mice mimicking p53 defect. Virology 1998; 252:28-33. [PMID: 9875313 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the transforming activity of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 genes in vivo, we previously established transgenic mouse lines containing HPV16E6E7, in which male mice develop a Leydig cell tumors with a very high incidence. Because HPV-induced carcinogenesis is highly related to p53, we changed the dose of p53 gene in the transgenic lines by the mice crossing with p53-disrupted mice. The transgenic mice with homozygous wild-type p53 alleles developed only the testicular tumor, whereas novel T cell lymphomagenesis occurred in the heterozygous p53-disrupted E6E7 (p53+/-E6E7) transgenic mice. In this tumor and even in the normal spleen, the absence of p53 protein was observed, whereas the p53 mRNA was expressed with a normal size, suggesting the degradation of p53 protein in these tissues. These results suggest that HPV16E6 could stimulate p53 protein degradation in mouse cells and induced the lymphomagenesis in a manner indistinguishable from p53 deficiency.
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119
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Minakawa M, Sugimoto T, Aizawa S, Tomooka Y. Cerebellar cell lines established from a p53-deficient adult mouse. Brain Res 1998; 813:172-6. [PMID: 9824692 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
p53-Deficient mice are prone to develop spontaneous tumors [L.A. Donehower, M. Harvey, B.L. Slagle, M.J. McArthur, C.A. Montgomery Jr. , J.S. Butel, A. Bradley, Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumors, Nature 356 (1992) 215-221], but brain neoplasms are rare and difficult to culture in vitro. Here we describe cloning and long-term culture of heterogeneous neural cell lines from a multifocal cerebellar neoplasm that arose in an adult p53-/- mutant mouse. These lines may be useful for studies of neoplastic transformation and cell lineage in cerebellar development.
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120
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Takaoki M, Kono Y, Murase H, Kato T, Gyotoku JI, Miura-Kubota A, Sumoto Y, Ono S, Fukushige Y, Matsumoto H, Nakamura Y, Koshikawa N, Aizawa S, Yoshizaki I, Tanaka H, Nakamura T, Ogiso A, Sato A. [Development and operation of cultured cell experiment with TR-IA sounding rocket]. UCHU SEIBUTSU KAGAKU 1998; 12:320-1. [PMID: 12512548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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121
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Ilić D, Almeida EA, Schlaepfer DD, Dazin P, Aizawa S, Damsky CH. Extracellular matrix survival signals transduced by focal adhesion kinase suppress p53-mediated apoptosis. J Cell Biol 1998; 143:547-60. [PMID: 9786962 PMCID: PMC2132850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.143.2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1998] [Revised: 09/03/1998] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In many malignant cells, both the anchorage requirement for survival and the function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are subverted. These effects are consistent with the hypothesis that survival signals from extracellular matrix (ECM) suppress a p53-regulated cell death pathway. We report that survival signals from fibronectin are transduced by the focal adhesion kinase (FAK). If FAK or the correct ECM is absent, cells enter apoptosis through a p53-dependent pathway activated by protein kinase C lambda/iota and cytosolic phospholipase A2. This pathway is suppressible by dominant-negative p53 and Bcl2 but not CrmA. Upon inactivation of p53, cells survive even if they lack matrix signals or FAK. This is the first report that p53 monitors survival signals from ECM/FAK in anchorage- dependent cells.
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122
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Takamiya K, Yamamoto A, Furukawa K, Zhao J, Fukumoto S, Yamashiro S, Okada M, Haraguchi M, Shin M, Kishikawa M, Shiku H, Aizawa S, Furukawa K. Complex gangliosides are essential in spermatogenesis of mice: possible roles in the transport of testosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12147-52. [PMID: 9770454 PMCID: PMC22799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice, homozygous for disrupted ganglioside GM2/GD2 synthase (EC 2.4. 1.94) gene and lacking all complex gangliosides, do not display any major neurologic abnormalities. Further examination of these mutant mice, however, revealed that the males were sterile and aspermatogenic. In the seminiferous tubules of the mutant mice, a number of multinuclear giant cells and vacuolated Sertoli cells were observed. The levels of testosterone in the serum of these mice were very low, although testosterone production equaled that produced in wild-type mice. Testosterone was found to be accumulated in interstitial Leydig cells, and intratesticularly injected testosterone was poorly drained in seminiferous fluid in the mutant mice. These results suggested that complex gangliosides are essential in the transport of testosterone to the seminiferous tubules and bloodstream from Leydig cells. Our results provide insights into roles of gangliosides in vivo.
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123
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Hatta Y, Itoh T, Baba M, Izumi T, Sasaki I, Shimojima H, Miyajima T, Aizawa S, Takeuchi J, Horikoshi A, Ohshima T, Sawada U, Amemiya Y, Horie T. [Pulmonary function at the early stage after bone marrow transplantation]. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 1998; 39:645-51. [PMID: 9796397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one patients, aged 16-41 years, were prospectively followed for pulmonary function prior to and up to nine months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). All patients had normal radiographs and no clinical signs of pulmonary disease. The FEV1.0%, V25, and of V50/V25 were within the normal ranges for all patients. Percent vital capacity (%VC) and percent diffusing capacity of lung for CO (% DLco) dropped progressively in most of the patients up to 9 months following BMT. Pulmonary function decreased earlier in patients with GVHD as well as patients who received total body irradiation either at a high dose rate (10 cGy/min) or a high lung dose (12 Gy). These asymptomatic declines in pulmonary function were measured by frequent tests of lung function.
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Aizawa S, Tokura H. Influence of bright light exposure for several hours during the daytime on cutaneous vasodilatation and local sweating induced by an exercise heat load. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 78:303-7. [PMID: 9754969 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to differing light intensities for several hours during the daytime on the cutaneous vasodilatation and local forearm sweat rate induced by exercise. Seven healthy female subjects were exposed to bright light of 6000 lux (bright) or dim light of 100 lux (dim) during the daytime between 0900 hours to 1330 hours, followed by exposure to 150 lux until the test was over at 1600 hours. They spent their time in neutral conditions (29 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) from 0900 hours to 1500 hours, and then exercised on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 50% maximal physical work capacity. Average tympanic temperatures were significantly lower in bright than in dim from 1133 hours to 1430 hours. The onset of cutaneous vasodilatation and local forearm sweating occurred at significantly lower tympanic temperature (Tty) during exercise after bright than after dim. After exercise, the cessation of forearm sweating and the rapid change of skin blood flow occurred at significantly lower Tty after bright than after dim. It was concluded that exposure to bright light over several hours during the daytime could reduce Tty and shift the threshold Tty for cutaneous vasodilatation and forearm sweating to a lower level.
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Schmedt C, Saijo K, Niidome T, Kühn R, Aizawa S, Tarakhovsky A. Csk controls antigen receptor-mediated development and selection of T-lineage cells. Nature 1998; 394:901-4. [PMID: 9732874 DOI: 10.1038/29802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and function of alphabetaT lymphocytes depend on signals derived from pre-T and alphabetaT cell receptors (preTCR and alphabetaTCR) (reviewed in refs 1, 2). The engagement of these receptors leads to the activation of Lck and Fyn, which are protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) of the Src family. It remains unclear to what extent the activation of Src-family PTKs can direct the differentiation steps triggered by preTCR and alphabetaTCR. Here we show that the inactivation of the negative regulator of Src-family PTKs, carboxy-terminal Src kinase (Csk), in immature thymocytes abrogates the requirement for preTCR, alphabetaTCR and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II for the development of CD4+ 8+ double-positive and CD4+ single-positive thymocytes as well as peripheral CD4 alphabetaT-lineage cells. These data show that Csk and its substrates are required to establish preTCR/alphabetaTCR-mediated control over the development of alphabetaT cells.
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