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Tsai CF, Hung CW, Lirng JF, Wang SJ, Fuh JL. Differences in brain metabolism associated with agitation and depression in Alzheimer's disease. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2013; 23:86-90. [PMID: 24088401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agitation and depression are among the commonest behavioural and psychological symptoms exhibited by Alzheimer's disease patients. However, their pathophysiology remains unclear. We therefore investigated the relationship between the brain metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and agitation and depression in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We recruited 26 patients (14 women and 12 men) with a mean age of 75 years and probable Alzheimer's disease. All patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS) assessment, and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) in order to evaluate cognition, depression, and agitation, respectively. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) to creatine (Cr) in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were measured and compared with neuropsychological test results. RESULTS The MMSE scores correlated positively with the NAA/Cr ratio in the left posterior cingulate gyrus (r = 0.56; p = 0.001). The CMAI scores correlated negatively with the NAA/Cr ratio in the left posterior cingulate gyrus (r = -0.46; p = 0.02). The GDS scores correlated positively with the Cho/Cr ratio in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = 0.59; p = 0.01), and mI/Cr in both left (r = 0.47; p = 0.03) and right (r = 0.47; p = 0.03) cingulate gyri. CONCLUSIONS Agitation and depression levels correlated with different neurochemical metabolites in specific brain areas. We conclude that various neuropsychiatric symptoms might have separate pathophysiologies.
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Wang SJ, Sui ML, Chen YT, Lu QH, Ma E, Pei XY, Li QZ, Hu HB. Microstructural fingerprints of phase transitions in shock-loaded iron. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1086. [PMID: 23336068 PMCID: PMC3548189 DOI: 10.1038/srep01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex structural transformation in crystals under static pressure or shock loading has been a subject of long-standing interest to materials scientists and physicists. The polymorphic transformation is of particular importance for iron (Fe), due to its technological and sociological significance in the development of human civilization, as well as its prominent presence in the earth's core. The martensitic transformation α→ε (bcc→hcp) in iron under shock-loading, due to its reversible and transient nature, requires non-trivial detective work to uncover its occurrence. Here we reveal refined microstructural fingerprints, needle-like colonies and three sets of {112}<111> twins with a threefold symmetry, with tell-tale features that are indicative of two sequential martensitic transformations in the reversible α→ε phase transition, even though no ε is retained in the post-shock samples. The signature orientation relationships are consistent with previously-proposed transformation mechanisms, and the unique microstructural fingerprints enable a quantitative assessment of the volume fraction transformed.
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Zhao C, Wang JL, Wang SJ, Zhao LJ, Wei LH. Analysis of the risk factors for the recurrence of cervical cancer following ovarian transposition. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:124-127. [PMID: 23781581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential risk factors related to the recurrence of cervical cancer following ovarian transposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 105 patients with cervical carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient underwent surgical therapy in combination with ovarian transposition from September 2000 to November 2009. The potential risk factors for recurrence following ovarian transposition were analyzed. RESULTS The average age of the 105 patients was 38.7 years. Twelve patients were in Stage IA, 65 in IB, 12 in Stage IIA, and 16 in Stage IIB. Twenty-five patients had well-differentiated cancer (G1). Forty-eight patients had moderately-differentiated cancer (G2), and 32 patients had poorly-differentiated cancer (G3). Ninety-seven cases were squamous cell carcinoma, three were adenocarcinoma, four were small cell carcinoma, and one case was adenosquamous carcinoma. Five patients (4.8%) had a recurrence, two of whom (1.9%) had ovarian metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that the pathological type (p = 0.005) and degree of differentiation (p = 0.001) were potential risk factors for recurrence of cervical carcinoma following ovarian transposition. Cancer embolus in vessels or lymphatic metastasis was observed in four of the five patients who suffered a recurrence. CONCLUSION Pathological type, differentiated degree, and cancer embolus in vessels or lymphatic metastasis were identified as potential risk factors for the recurrence of cervical carcinoma after ovarian transposition.
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Zhang YL, Gao WG, Pang ZC, Sun JP, Wang SJ, Ning F, Song X, Kapur A, Qiao Q. Diabetes self-risk assessment questionnaires coupled with a multimedia health promotion campaign are cheap and effective tools to increase public awareness of diabetes in a large Chinese population. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e425-9. [PMID: 22853711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate costs and effectiveness of implementing a diabetes self-risk assessment (Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire coupled with a multimedia health promotion campaign on changes in diabetes awareness in a large diabetes prevention programme. METHODS Between 2007 and 2010, a multimedia health promotion campaign was conducted targeting the 1.94 million population of Qingdao, China, using newspapers, radio programmes, distribution of free booklets and Diabetes Risk Score flyers. Diabetes awareness questionnaires filled out by people first interviewed in 2006 (survey A), before the initiation of the campaign, were compared with those first interviewed between 2007 and 2010 during the campaign period (survey B). The rates of diabetes awareness in both surveys were studied amongst adults aged 35-74 years without a prior history of diabetes, but with a Diabetes Risk Score of ≥ 14. RESULTS In survey B, 85, 82 and 76% of the urban participants correctly recognized obesity, family history of diabetes and physical inactivity, respectively, as important risk factors for diabetes; while the awareness rates were 43, 46 and 25%, respectively, in survey A (P < 0.001). The corresponding figures among rural participants were 65, 63 and 53% in survey B and 29, 22 and 11% in survey A (P < 0.001). To cover 1000 individuals, the programme spent €5.4 on the use of the Diabetes Risk Score flyer, €31.3 on the education booklet, €7.7 on the newspaper campaign and €37.5 on radio programmes. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire with a multimedia health promotion campaign is a cheap and effective health promotion tool to raise public awareness of diabetes.
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Liu HW, Wong LM, Wang SJ, Tang SH, Zhang XH. Ultrafast insulator–metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide studied using optical pump–terahertz probe spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:415604. [PMID: 23014464 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/41/415604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the ultrafast dynamic behavior of the photoinduced insulator–metal phase transition in VO2 thin film using optical pump–terahertz probe spectroscopy with different excitation fluences and at different temperatures. We observed two processes in the insulator–metal phase transition in VO2: a fast process and a slow process. The fast process is a nonthermal process, which is ascribed to the nucleation of the metal phase, while the slow process is strongly affected by temperature and is ascribed to the thermally driven growth and coalescence of metal domains in VO2. The transient complex conductivity spectra at different delay times are also investigated.
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Yang WF, Xie YN, Liao RY, Sun J, Wu ZY, Wong LM, Wang SJ, Wang CF, Lee AYS, Gong H. Enhancement of bandgap emission of Pt-capped MgZnO films: important role of light extraction versus exciton-plasmon coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:14556-14563. [PMID: 22714517 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.014556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present on a systematic study of the contribution of surface plasmon (SP) coupling and light extraction toward emission enhancement of Platinum (Pt) nano-patterns capped MgZnO films. Time resolved Photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that the Pt coating can greatly reduces the non-radiative recombination rate by passivation of surface states, making the decay slow down. Temperature dependence of the integrated photoluminescence intensity reveals that the Pt nano-patterns can offer a large amount of light transfer and scattering, which enormously increase the light extraction efficiency up to 3.8-fold. These results indicate that the increased light extraction efficiency caused by surface modification via Pt coating rather than SP coupling plays a dominant role in increasing bandgap emission of MgZnO film.
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Wang DH, Wang SJ, Jia PG. In-line silica capillary tube all-silica fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor for detecting high intensity focused ultrasound fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2046-2048. [PMID: 22660116 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at detecting high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields, this letter reports on a novel in-line silica capillary tube all-silica fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (ILSCT-ASFP) interferometric sensor fabricated by splicing a commercially available silica capillary tube to two single-mode fibers. The experimental results show that such a novel ILSCT-ASFP interferometric sensor with a cavity length of ∼60.76 μm has an excellent fringe visibility of up to ∼20 dB, and the fringe visibility is still good when the cavity length extends up to ∼1031.07 μm. The measured wavelength-temperature sensitivity of 0.000858 nm/°C shows that the wavelength drift of the fabricated ILSCT-ASFP interferometric sensor towards temperature is extremely low. Meanwhile, the measurement of HIFU fields by this novel sensor is demonstrated, and the experimental results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing system for sensing a 0.93 MHz HIFU field with a pressure of 2.69 MPa in the focus area can reach 42.8 dB. The corresponding noise equivalent pressure is 0.0194 MPa, and the calculated acoustic sensitivity is 65.4 mV/MPa over a 2.5 MHz measurement bandwidth.
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Wang SJ, Liu WJ, Yang LG, Liu HB, Sargent CA, Affara NA, Zhang SJ. Association of multi-pathogenic infections with BAT2, CXCL12, Mx1 and EHMT2 variations in pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8169-76. [PMID: 22531939 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Haemophilus parasuis and Pseudorabies become a widespread problem causing great economic losses associated with reproductive disturbance, respiratory diseases, neonatal mortality, fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and arthritis in the pig industry. The important candidate genes are assumed to play crucial roles in host defense against the diseases. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variants in HLA-B associated transcript 2 (BAT2), CXCL12, myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) and EHMT2 genes and their effects on the risk of infection PRRSV and H. parasuis in a case-control (diseased-healthy pigs) population of Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite. The results showed that the mutations in BAT2, Mx1 and EHMT2 genes were significantly associated with the antibody and the reisk of infection PRRSV and H. parasuis. Those individuals with AA genotype of BAT2 had significantly higher Pseudorabies virus antibody than that with GG and GA (P < 0.05), and the individuals with TT genotype of EHMT2 generated higher Hog Cholera and Pseudorabies virus antibody than that wtih GG and GA (P < 0.01). These results indicated that the polymorphisms in Mx1, BAT2 and EHMT2 genes changed the diseases susceptibility and could be the potential markers assisting the pig breeding selection and disease resistance.
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Wang SJ, Liu WJ, Yang LG, Sargent CA, Liu HB, Wang C, Liu XD, Zhao SH, Affara NA, Liang AX, Zhang SJ. Effects of FUT1 gene mutation on resistance to infectious disease. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:2805-10. [PMID: 21695432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for regulating the expression of Escherichia coli F18 receptor gene (ECF18R) which promotes adherence of Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and Verotoxigenic (VTEC) Escherichia coli (E. coli) via F18 fimbriae. In order to illustrate the polymorphisms of FUT1 and their effects on resistance to natural infection by Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Symdrome Virus (PRRSV) and Haemophilus parasuis, the distributions of different genotypes and the relative risks of disease incidence in pigs were investigated. A total of 1,041 pigs representing three European breeds (Duroc, Landrace and LargeWhite), five Chinese local breeds (Wild pig, Small MeiShan, QinPing, JinHua, and JianLi) and three commercial populations (LargeWhite × JianLi, Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite and Duroc × wild pig) were selected to analyze the genotype of the FUT1 gene by PCR-RFLP. Only the GG genotype associated with susceptibility to ECF18 bacteria was detected in Chinese local pig breeds and a population of LargeWhite × JianLi, while the AA genotype which confers resistance to ECF18 was detected in two European breeds (Duroc and LargeWhite), two populations of Duroc × wild pig and Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite. Regarding relative risk of incidence, Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite with genotypes GG or AG showed greater relative risk (OR = 2.040, P = 0.025; OR = 1.750, P = 0.081, respectively) than those with genotype AA during natural infection by both PRRSV and Haemophilus parasuis. It can be concluded that the mutation of FUT1 gene might play a role in pig infection by multi-pathogens, and that AA may be a favourable genotype for increasing the resistance to disease.
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Cao L, Wang C, Yang FQ, Che P, Wang SJ. [The structure, shape, spectral characteristics and photochemical reaction of nano Eu : CaWO4]. GUANG PU XUE YU GUANG PU FEN XI = GUANG PU 2011; 31:3018-3021. [PMID: 22242508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The samples were pretreated by controlling PH in the process of Pechini, and after sintering and grind, the nano Eu-doped tungstate with different granularity was obtained in the result. The structure was characterized by XRD, and the diffuse scattering spectra and the crystal microstructure were characterized by HRTEM and spectrometer. It was found from high efficient decomposition of rhodamine that the nano-materials obtained have good catalytic effect of light.
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Zhao J, Pang ZC, Zhang L, Gao WG, Wang SJ, Ning F, Nan HR, Ren J, Qiao Q. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural and urban Chinese population in Qingdao. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:444-8. [PMID: 21270510 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in both rural and urban Chinese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A population-based crosssectional survey was conducted in Qingdao, China in 2006 with 6100 Chinese aged 35-74 yr invited and 5355 who attended; 3357 subjects, 1562 urban (46.5%) and 1795 rural residents (53.5%) met the inclusion criteria for the current data analysis. The metabolic syndrome definitions of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Expert Panel III (NCEPATPIII) 2004, NCEP 2005 and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were used. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalences of metabolic syndrome were 16.2%, 32.2%, and 28.3% in men and 26.8%, 37.2%, and 34.6%in women, according to the definitions of the NCEP 2004, NCEP 2005, and IDF, respectively. Urban men have more risk factors and higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than rural men, but the differences in women were not that striking. Elevated blood pressure (62.6%) was, among risk factors, most common in the study population, followed by central obesity (53.4%), and hyperglycemia (52.2%) defined using the NCEP 2005 criteria. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic disorders were common among adult Chinese in both rural and urban areas in Qingdao.
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Sun J, Ren J, Pang ZC, Gao WG, Nan HR, Wang SJ, Zhang L, Qiao Q. The association of gamma-glutamyltransferase and C-reactive protein with IFG/IGT in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1658-61. [PMID: 21624355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein(CRP) have been previously shown to be associated with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), but such an association has not been well verified, and is examined in a non-diabetic Chinese population. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 in Qingdao, China. Data of 1143 men and 1689 women aged 35-74 years and free of diabetes at baseline were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs (95%CI) for IFG/IGT corresponding to the highest quartile were 0.89(0.61,1.28) in men and 0.87(0.64,1.18) in women for CRP and 2.12(1.40,3.38) and 1.87(1.32,2.62) for GGT, when the two were fitted simultaneously in a model adjusting for age, school years, alcohol-drinking, smoking, family history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSIONS The elevated GGT, but not CRP, was independently associated with the presence of the IFG/IGT in both genders in this Chinese population.
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Lin YC, Wang SJ, Chung HP, Liu HM, Chou FI. Low dose of gamma irradiation enhanced boronophenylalanine uptake in head and neck carcinoma cells for boron neutron capture therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1728-31. [PMID: 21393007 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to increase the boron uptake of human head and neck carcinoma SAS cells for BNCT by using a gamma dose of 0.1 Gy for combined treatment. Intracellular boron concentrations in 25 μgB/mL medium of BPA treated and BPA combined gamma-irradiation treated SAS cells were 73.8±1.73 and 95.15±1.36 ppm, respectively. After neutron irradiation, the G2/M-phase cell populations of untreated, BPA treated and BPA combined gamma-irradiation treated SAS cells were 19.31±1.71%, 52.47±2.25% and 59.19±2.63%, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the low dose gamma radiation with combination BPA treatment has the highest killing rate after neutron irradiation. Capable of significantly increasing the G2/M arrest after neutron irradiation, the combined treatment of a low dose of gamma irradiation with 25 μg B/mL medium of BPA also provided a higher killing effect for BNCT.
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Lin XX, Li YT, Liu F, Liu BC, Du F, Wang SJ, Chen LM, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Liu X, Liu XL, Wang ZH, Ma JL, Wei ZY, Zhang J. Note: Diagnosing femtosecond laser-solid interactions with monochromatic Kα imager and x-ray pinhole camera. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:036104. [PMID: 21456806 DOI: 10.1063/1.3567014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An x-ray pinhole camera and a monochromatic K(α) imager are used to measure the interactions of intense femtosecond laser pulses with Cu foil targets. The two diagnostics give different features in the spot size and the laser energy scaling, which are resulted from different physical processes. Under our experimental conditions, the K(α) emission is mainly excited by the fast electrons transporting inside the cold bulk target. In contrast, the x-ray pinhole signals are dominated by the broadband thermal x-ray emission from the hot plasma at the front target surface.
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Lin XX, Li YT, Liu BC, Liu F, Du F, Wang SJ, Lu X, Chen LM, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang J, Liu F, Liu XL, Wang ZH, Ma JL, Wei ZY, Zhang J. Effect of prepulse on fast electron lateral transport at the target surface irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2011; 82:046401. [PMID: 21230399 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effects of preplasma on lateral fast electron transport at front target surface, irradiated by ultraintense (>10(18) W/cm2) laser pulses, are investigated by Kα imaging technique. A large annular Kα halo with a diameter of ∼560 μm surrounding a central spot is observed. A specially designed steplike target is used to identify the possible mechanisms. It is believed that the halos are mainly generated by the lateral diffusion of fast electrons due to the electrostatic and magnetic fields in the preplasma. This is illustrated by simulated electron trajectories using a numerical model.
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Wu WF, Wan KS, Wang SJ, Yang W, Liu WL. Prevalence, severity, and time trends of allergic conditions in 6-to-7-year-old schoolchildren in Taipei. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21:556-562. [PMID: 22312941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema, are major illnesses among children. Recent studies conducted worldwide have shown diverse trends in the prevalence of asthma, with a steady increase detected in industrialized countries. Other studies, however, have revealed a leveling trend or even a declining prevalence. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of allergic conditions in 6-to7-year-old schoolchildren in Taipei, Taiwan, and to analyze time trends. METHODS We evaluated the prevalence and severity of asthma and other allergic conditions using a phase I International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood core written questionnaire previously administered in Taipei in 1994 and 2002. RESULTS A total of 24 999 first-grade students from 153 elementary schools completed the questionnaire. The proportion of children with wheeze ever and nocturnal cough in the past 12 months was significantly increased in 2007 compared to 1994 and 2002. No significant differences were detected in the prevalence of current wheeze or physician-diagnosed asthma. The prevalence of severe wheezing symptoms in the past 12 months (> or = 4 attacks of wheeze, > or = 1 night of sleep disturbance due to wheeze per week, wheeze-limiting speech, and exercise-induced wheeze) decreased significantly. The prevalence and severity of rhinitis symptoms increased significantly during the 13-year period analyzed. The prevalence of eczema symptoms-defined as recurrent itchy rash and typical atopic eczema distribution in the past 12 months--also increased. CONCLUSIONS We observed an increase only in the prevalence and severity of current allergic symptoms in allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema.
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Huang WY, Lo MC, Wang SJ, Tsai JJ, Wu HM. Topiramate in prevention of cluster headache in the Taiwanese. Neurol India 2010; 58:284-7. [PMID: 20508351 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.63784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate could potentially effective as prophylaxis for cluster headache, but the experience remains limited in Asians. We performed an open-label clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of topiramate in the tolerable dosage to prevent cluster headache. We studied patients who fulfilled the criteria of episodic or chronic cluster headaches (International Classification of Headache Disorders second edition) prospectively. Headache severity was assessed using a verbal rating scale (excruciating, severe, moderate, mild, and no headache). Treatment was started with a topiramate dose of 50 mg twice daily and was increased by 50-100 mg a day every 3 to 7 days as tolerated to a maximal daily dosage of 400 mg. Of the 12 patients with episodic cluster headache, nine patients had remission of headache at a mean daily dosage of 273 mg (range 100-400 mg), and the patient with chronic cluster headache had remission at a daily dosage of 400 mg. The adverse effects included: paresthesia (84%), slow speech (54%), and dizziness (46%), but were tolerated by most patients. Two patients discontinued topiramate due to adverse events and one due to lack of efficacy. This open-label study suggests that topiramate is effective in the treatment of cluster headache in Taiwanese patients.
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Fuh JL, Liu HC, Wang SJ, Lo YK, Lee LS. Nontraumatic hemorrhagic stroke in young adults in taiwan. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 4:101-5. [PMID: 26487610 DOI: 10.1016/s1052-3057(10)80117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies on the in-hospital patients to investigate the clinical and etiological patterns in hemorrhagic stroke in young patients. We evaluated 210 patients (131 males and 79 females) aged 15-45 years who had traumatic hemorrhagic stroke between April 1, 1986, and November 30, 1992. Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed in 170 patients (80.9%). The main causes of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage were hypertension, ruptured arteriovenous malformation, and blood dyscrasia. A cause was not found in 42 patients (24.7%). Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 40 patients (19.1%). The main causes were ruptured aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. The overall in-hospital survival of young patients with hemorrhagic stroke was 64.7%. Young adults with nontraumatic intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage are a heterogeneous group. Hypertension accounts for about one-third of intracerebral hemorrhage and is an important preventable cause of hemorrhagic stroke in young adults in Taiwan.
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Wang SJ, Cao L, Hou TP, Hou Y, Zhang GY. [Determination of nutrient fungus dietary fiber and structural characterization]. GUANG PU XUE YU GUANG PU FEN XI = GUANG PU 2010; 30:1109-1112. [PMID: 20545172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of trace elements in ultrafine agaric was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The experiments were done using wet acid digestion sample preparation. The samples were dissolved at 120 degrees C constant temperature. The requirements of determination by ICP-AES can be satisfied at an acidity controlled less than 10%. The method is simple, rapid and economic. National standard material GBW07602 was detected by authentication. Its accuracy is between 1.12% and 6.15. The precision is between 0.41% and 5.69%. At thesame time, the surface structure of ultrafine agaric powder was examined by scanning electron microscope. And the dietary fiber was determined for fungus protein, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture and ash content by chemical analysis. The study on external and internal relevance of agaric could provide a new approach to scientific research on the development and application of fungus dietary fiber.
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Jiao YL, Wang LH, Jiao BH, Wang SJ, Fang YW, Liu S. Function analysis of a new type I PKS-SAT domain by SAT-EAT domain replacement. PRIKLADNAIA BIOKHIMIIA I MIKROBIOLOGIIA 2010; 46:161-165. [PMID: 20391758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The function of a new starter unit acyltransferase (SAT) domain SAT-EF080951 (GenBank accession number) encoded in a new type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster EF568935 (GenBank accession number) isolated for this study was analyzed by domain replacement with an extender unit AT (EAT) domain of avermectin PKS. It was shown that the SAT-EF080951 incorporated malonyl-CoA specifically in vivo, which contradicted the specificity that we had previously determined by substrate binding test in vitro. The result of this study indicates that type I PKS-SAT can alter its specificity in vivo and functions well in extender units and proved the feasibility of the SAT-EAT domain replacement in type I PKS. We propose that SAT-EAT replacement strategy could be a novel route for increasing the diversity of new polyketides combinatorially biosynthesized. The new type I PKS-SAT-EF080951 studied herein may be further employed for related studies on enzymology or combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides.
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Gao WG, Dong YH, Pang ZC, Nan HR, Wang SJ, Ren J, Zhang L, Tuomilehto J, Qiao Q. A simple Chinese risk score for undiagnosed diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:274-81. [PMID: 20536489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A diabetes risk score for screening undiagnosed diabetes was constructed and validated in Chinese adults. METHODS Two consecutive population-based diabetes surveys among Chinese adults aged 20-74 years were conducted in 2002 (n = 1986) and 2006 (n = 4336). Demographic and anthropometric measures were collected following similar procedures. Standard 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed to diagnose diabetes in both surveys. Fasting capillary plasma glucose (FCG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) were also measured together with the OGTTs on the same day of the 2006 survey. Beta coefficients estimated using logistic regression analysis derived from data of the 2002 survey were used to develop the risk assessment algorithm. The performance of the algorithm was validated in the study population of the 2006 survey. RESULTS Of all the variables tested, waist circumference, age and family history of diabetes were significant predictors of diabetes and were used to construct the risk assessment score. The score, ranging from 3 to 32, performed well when applied to the study population of the 2006 survey. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 67.3% (95% CI, 64.9-69.7%) for the score, while it was 76.3% (73.5-79.0%) for FCG alone and 67.8% (64.9-70.8%) for HbA(1c) alone. At a cut-off point of 14, the sensitivity and specificity of the risk score were 84.2% (81.0-87.5%) and 39.8% (38.2-41.3%). CONCLUSIONS The risk score based on age, waist circumference and family history of diabetes is efficient as a layperson-oriented diabetes screening tool for health promotion and for population-based screening programmes.
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Wang SJ, Furusho M, D'Sa C, Kuwada S, Conti L, Morest DK, Bansal R. Inactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in myelinating glial cells results in significant loss of adult spiral ganglion neurons accompanied by age-related hearing impairment. J Neurosci Res 2010; 87:3428-37. [PMID: 19598249 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss has been attributed to many factors, including degeneration of sensory neurons in the auditory pathway and demyelination along the cochlear nerve. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which signal through four receptors (Fgfrs), are produced by auditory neurons and play a key role in embryonic development of the cochlea and in neuroprotection against sound-induced injury. However, the role of FGF signaling in the maintenance of normal auditory function in adult and aging mice remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the contribution of glial cells, which myelinate the cochlear nerves, is poorly understood. To address these questions, we generated transgenic mice in which Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 were specifically inactivated in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes but not in neurons. Adult mutant mice exhibited late onset of hearing impairment, which progressed markedly with age. The hearing impairment was accompanied by significant loss of myelinated spiral ganglion neurons. The pathology extended into the cochlear nucleus, without apparent loss of myelin or of the deletion-bearing glial cells themselves. This suggests that perturbation of FGF receptor-mediated glial function leads to the attenuation of glial support of neurons, leading to their loss and impairment of auditory functions. Thus, FGF/FGF receptor signaling provides a potentially novel mechanism of maintaining reciprocal interactions between neurons and glia in adult and aging animals. Dysfunction of glial cells and FGF receptor signaling may therefore be implicated in neurodegenerative hearing loss associated with normal aging.
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Gao WG, Dong YH, Pang ZC, Nan HR, Zhang L, Wang SJ, Ren J, Ning F, Qiao Q. Increasing trend in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in the Chinese rural and urban population in Qingdao, China. Diabet Med 2009; 26:1220-7. [PMID: 20002473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the secular trend of prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a Chinese population from 2001 to 2006. METHODS Two consecutive population-based surveys for diabetes were conducted in a randomly selected population aged 35-74 years and living in Qingdao, China in 2001-2002 (n = 10854) and 2006 (n = 4416). All participants underwent standardized 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), along with fasting capillary plasma glucose (FCG) tests in 2006. One urban community underwent OGTTs directly in 2002 (n = 1815), while a two-step screening strategy using FCG as a first-line screening test followed by OGTTs was used in 9039 individuals in 2001. Diabetes and pre-diabetes was defined according to the 2006 World Health Organization/International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS Based on the results of direct OGTTs, the age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in urban areas was 12.2 and 15.4% in 2002, whereas the prevalences were 18.8 and 28.7% in urban areas and 14.1 and 20.2% in rural areas in 2006 (P < 0.001, in urban areas). Using the two-step screening strategy, the prevalence of diabetes in 2001 was 10.1% in urban and 7.7% in rural areas and 13.8% in urban and 12.2% in rural areas in 2006 (P < 0.001). Based on the data of the 2006 survey, the two-step screening strategy missed 30.2% of diabetes cases when compared with the number defined by the direct OGTT approach. CONCLUSIONS Qingdao has experienced a marked increase in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the past 5 years. Intervention to prevent a further increase in the prevalence of diabetes is urgently required.
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Huang JQ, Chiam SY, Chim WK, Wong LM, Wang SJ. Heterostructures of germanium nanowires and germanium-silicon oxide nanotubes and growth mechanisms. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:425604. [PMID: 19779235 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/42/425604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on a method to fabricate one-dimensional heterostructures of germanium nanowires (GeNWs) and germanium-silicon oxide nanotubes (GeSiO(x)NTs). The synthesis of the wire-tube heterostructures is carried out using a simple furnace set-up with germanium tetraiodide and germanium powders as growth precursors, gold-dotted silicon wafers as substrates and by controlling the temperature ramp rate/sequence of the growth precursors. Two types of wire-tube heterostructures resulting from distinct growth mechanisms are obtained. The type-1 heterostructure consists of a GeNW, grown via a gold-catalyzed vapour-liquid-solid process, at the lower end and a GeSiO(x)NT at the upper end. In contrast, the type-2 heterostructure is made up of a solid wire at the upper end and a hollow tube at the lower end. The solid wire portion of the type-2 heterostructure is formed through an oxide-assisted growth process.
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Ning F, Pang ZC, Dong YH, Gao WG, Nan HR, Wang SJ, Zhang L, Ren J, Tuomilehto J, Hammar N, Malmberg K, Andersson SW, Qiao Q. Risk factors associated with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the adult Chinese population in Qingdao, China. Diabet Med 2009; 26:855-63. [PMID: 19719705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the major risk factors and their association with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes from 2001-2002 to 2006 in Qingdao, China. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional studies on diabetes were performed in 4598 men and 7026 women aged 35-74 years. The 2006 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for diabetes were used. RESULTS The crude prevalence of diabetes was 11.3% in both men and women in urban areas and 5.3% and 8.9% in rural areas in 2001-2002. This increased to 19.2% and 16.1% in urban areas and 14.2% and 13.8% in rural areas in 2006 for men and women, respectively. The increase in diabetes prevalence from 2001-2002 to 2006 was paralleled by an increased body mass index in rural areas but not in urban areas. The major risk factors associated with diabetes were age, family history of diabetes, obesity, hypertension and high triglycerides. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for diabetes corresponding to a one standard deviation increase in waist circumference was 1.81 (1.47, 2.23) in urban men, 1.64 (1.26, 2.13) in rural men, 1.98 (1.66, 2.37) in urban women and 2.02 (1.63, 2.51) in rural women. Low socio-economic classes had a higher risk for diabetes in urban areas but a lower risk in rural areas, both associated with increased waist circumference. CONCLUSION Established risk factors are of great importance for the prevalence of diabetes in the urban and rural Chinese populations and changes in these factors could explain the recent dramatic increase in diabetes prevalence, particularly in rural areas. Considering the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity, intervention is urgently required in China.
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