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Chander J, Kaur J, Gulati N, Arora V, Nagarkar N, Sood S, Mohan H. Sudden vision loss caused by rhino-orbital zygomycosis in diabetic patients: case series. Mycoses 2009; 54:e228-32. [PMID: 20028465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhino-orbital zygomycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection generally occurring in patients with an underlying disorder, such as diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis or with immunocompromising factors, although it may rarely appear in healthy individuals. The study has been undertaken to discuss the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic work up and management of this rapidly progressive disease. Four male patients having uncontrolled diabetes and presenting with signs and symptoms of rhino-orbital zygomycosis were studied to illustrate the serious nature of the disease. All the four patients had rapidly deteriorating vision loss either unilateral or bilateral along with other nasal and orbital signs and symptoms. All the patients were put on liposomal amphotericin B and underwent orbital exenteration and pansinusectomy. One patient died, while the other three were successfully treated. Early diagnosis is critical in the prevention of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. There is need for a high index of clinical suspicion in immunocompromised patients. Timely medical-surgical treatment proves extremely important for prognosis.
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102
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Pamarthi M, Taylor G, Wilson J, Scuderi P, Arora V. Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneously Administered Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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103
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Purohit D, Trehan A, Arora V. Development of Room Temperature Stable Formulation of Formoterol Fumarate/Beclomethasone HFA pMDI. Indian J Pharm Sci 2009. [PMCID: PMC2846486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of present investigation was to develop and formulate room temperature stable formulation of formoterol fumarate and beclomethasone dipropionate with extra fine part size of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers. Particle size distribution of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers was evaluated using Twin Stage Glass Impinger and Anderson Cascade Impactor. A tetrafluoroethane and/or heptafluoropropane were evaluated for preparation of hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered dose inhalers. The fine particle fractions delivered from hydrofluoroalkane propellant suspension pressurized metered dose inhalers can be predicted on the basis of formulation parameters and is dependent of metering chamber of valve and orifice size of actuators. The results presented in investigation showed the importance of formulation excipients with formulation of pressurized metered dose inhalers viz, canister, valve and actuators used in formulations.
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104
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Chawla S, Wee DTH, Arora V. Adult chiari malformation presenting as bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 60:382-3. [PMID: 23120588 PMCID: PMC3476810 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-008-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Chiari malformations, herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal can often result in headaches and spinal cord deficits. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis has been reported as a result of Chiari malformation but is rare and the vast majority of reports have been in the paediatric population. We report a case in a 68-year-old man with adult Chiari malformation where aspiration pneumonia from bilateral vocal cord palsy was the only manifestation of this malformation.
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105
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Arora H, Arora V. Effects of Hamycin, a New Antifungal Antibiotic, on the Electrolytes in the Rat Heart. Pharmacology 2008. [DOI: 10.1159/000135235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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106
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Arora V, Nijjar IBS, Multani AS, Singh JP, Abrol R, Chopra R, Attri R. MRI findings in methanol intoxication: a report of two cases. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:e243-6. [PMID: 17959915 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/40137535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is a highly toxic substance and acute methanol poisoning produces severe metabolic acidosis and serious neurological symptoms, including severe visual impairment, extrapyramidal signs and coma. Its similarity to ethanol in appearance and odour leads to accidental use. We present two cases of accidental methanol intoxication and discuss the MRI findings.
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LNU P, Ahmed SM, Choudhary J, Ahmed M, Arora V, Ali S. Treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with piperacillin-tazobactum and amikacin vs cefepime and levofloxacin: A randomized prospective study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.35084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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108
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Pamarthi M, Taylor G, Scuderi P, Arora V. Subcutaneous Bioavailability of Gamunex® in Rabbits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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109
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Upadhyay SK, Kumar P, Arora V. Complexes of quinolone drugs norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin with alkaline earth metal perchlorates. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-006-0428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Kakumanu VK, Arora V, Bansal AK. Investigation on physicochemical and biological differences of cefpodoxime proxetil enantiomers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 64:255-9. [PMID: 16797950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) is a prodrug of cefpodoxime acid (CA), and is supplied as racemic mixture of R- and S-enantiomers. CP has only 50% absolute bioavailability, and the reasons responsible for low bioavailability remain poorly understood. The present work ascertains physicochemical and biological properties of individual isomers of CP and explores their capacity to optimize delivery of CP. Both isomers showed similar pH stability behavior, but R-isomer was more susceptible to enzymatic metabolism compared to S-isomer, when incubated with enzymes collected from various segments of GIT. Based on the in vitro and in vivo results, use of S-isomer for development of a dosage form such as gastro-retentive dosage form can improve oral bioavailability of CP.
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Kakumanu VK, Arora V, Bansal AK. Investigation of factors responsible for low oral bioavailability of cefpodoxime proxetil. Int J Pharm 2006; 317:155-60. [PMID: 16621365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Learning about the behavior of a drug in biological environment enables application of better formulation strategies to improve bioavailability of the same. Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) is a prodrug, which is orally administered cephalosporin with only 50% absolute bioavailability. Despite previous studies, reasons responsible for low bioavailability of CP remain poorly understood. The present study tries to ascertain reasons for the low oral bioavailability of CP. The in vitro, in situ and ex vivo studies showed interesting results, where metabolism of CP into cefpodoxime acid (CA) inside the intestinal epithelial cell and preferential efflux of CA into lumen was identified as primary reason for low oral bioavailability of CP. Presence of specific carriers or transportation mechanism on the apical side membrane of enterocyte, than basal side of the same was observed.
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112
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Arora V, Luckas MJM. Pseudomembranous colitis, a complication of erythromycin and preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. BJOG 2006; 113:489-90. [PMID: 16553659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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113
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Arora V, Johnson J, Lovinger D, Humphrey HJ, Meltzer DO. Communication failures in patient sign-out and suggestions for improvement: a critical incident analysis. Qual Saf Health Care 2006; 14:401-7. [PMID: 16326783 PMCID: PMC1744089 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2005.015107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfer of care for hospitalized patients between inpatient physicians is routinely mediated through written and verbal communication or "sign-out". This study aims to describe how communication failures during this process can lead to patient harm. METHODS In interviews employing critical incident technique, first year resident physicians (interns) described (1) any adverse events or near misses due to suboptimal preceding patient sign-out; (2) the worst event due to suboptimal sign-out in which they were involved; and (3) suggestions to improve sign-out. All data were analyzed and categorized using the constant comparative method with independent review by three researchers. RESULTS Twenty six interns caring for 82 patients were interviewed after receiving sign-out from another intern. Twenty five discrete incidents, all the result of communication failures during the preceding patient sign-out, and 21 worst events were described. Inter-rater agreement for categorization was high (kappa 0.78-1.00). Omitted content (such as medications, active problems, pending tests) or failure-prone communication processes (such as lack of face-to-face discussion) emerged as major categories of failed communication. In nearly all cases these failures led to uncertainty during decisions on patient care. Uncertainty may result in inefficient or suboptimal care such as repeat or unnecessary tests. Interns desired thorough but relevant face-to-face verbal sign-outs that reviewed anticipated issues. They preferred legible, accurate, updated, written sign-out sheets that included standard patient content such as code status or active and anticipated medical problems. CONCLUSION Communication failures during sign-out often lead to uncertainty in decisions on patient care. These may result in inefficient or suboptimal care leading to patient harm.
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Arora V, Jha U, Bandhopadhyay P, Kumar S. An investigation of the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality of Kedla and Rajrappa Washeries, Jharkhand, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2006; 78:392-404. [PMID: 16171927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality in two coking coal washeries of Central Coalfields Limited, Kedla and Rajrappa in Jharkhand State, India. Coal samples-raw coal feed, washed fine clean coal, washed coarse clean coal, middlings and rejects were collected. Similarly, raw water (intake to washery) and effluent samples generated in the washeries, namely, fine coal jig under water, coarse coal jig under water and slurry pond water were also collected over a period of 6 months. Parameters outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Schedule VI Indian standards were determined, both in coal samples and water/washery effluent samples. Apart from the parameters listed in the standard, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride found to be present in coal were also determined in coal and water samples. The processing results essentially in production of huge quantities of suspended material, which is beyond the stipulated limit of 100mg/l as specified in the Standard. Lowering of pH was observed in both the washeries. The trace/heavy elements were found to be concentrated in the heavier fractions in rejects produced from the washery. The concentrations of major elements in coal-Na, K, Ca, Mg, and minor elements in coal-Mn; F, SO4 and Cl were found to be higher in process water than in raw water indicating that these elements are transferred from coal to the water in washeries. However, only in the case of Mn, the stipulated limit of the effluent standard was exceeded. Trace elements like As, Se, Hg, Cd, though found to be present in coal, were absent in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing.
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115
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Arora V, Nijjar IS, Sandhu PS, Singh J, Abrol R, Roopa. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration following trauma - a case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.32327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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116
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Arora V, Nijjar IS, Abrol R, Chopra R, Roopa. Twin-Twin transfusion syndrome: - A case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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117
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Arora V, Johnson J, Lovinger D, Humphrey HJ, Meltzer DO. Communication failures in patient sign-out and suggestions for improvement: a critical incident analysis. Qual Saf Health Care 2005. [PMID: 16326783 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2005.015107.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfer of care for hospitalized patients between inpatient physicians is routinely mediated through written and verbal communication or "sign-out". This study aims to describe how communication failures during this process can lead to patient harm. METHODS In interviews employing critical incident technique, first year resident physicians (interns) described (1) any adverse events or near misses due to suboptimal preceding patient sign-out; (2) the worst event due to suboptimal sign-out in which they were involved; and (3) suggestions to improve sign-out. All data were analyzed and categorized using the constant comparative method with independent review by three researchers. RESULTS Twenty six interns caring for 82 patients were interviewed after receiving sign-out from another intern. Twenty five discrete incidents, all the result of communication failures during the preceding patient sign-out, and 21 worst events were described. Inter-rater agreement for categorization was high (kappa 0.78-1.00). Omitted content (such as medications, active problems, pending tests) or failure-prone communication processes (such as lack of face-to-face discussion) emerged as major categories of failed communication. In nearly all cases these failures led to uncertainty during decisions on patient care. Uncertainty may result in inefficient or suboptimal care such as repeat or unnecessary tests. Interns desired thorough but relevant face-to-face verbal sign-outs that reviewed anticipated issues. They preferred legible, accurate, updated, written sign-out sheets that included standard patient content such as code status or active and anticipated medical problems. CONCLUSION Communication failures during sign-out often lead to uncertainty in decisions on patient care. These may result in inefficient or suboptimal care leading to patient harm.
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Grant R, Arain A, Arora V, Barr A, Black T, Chen J, Wang S, Yuan F, Zhang Y. Intercomparison of techniques to model high temperature effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal coniferous forests. Ecol Modell 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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119
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Madan J, Chawla G, Arora V, Malik R, Bansal AK. Unbiased membrane permeability parameters for gabapentin using boundary layer approach. AAPS JOURNAL 2005; 7:E224-30. [PMID: 16146343 PMCID: PMC2751511 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the relative contribution of both passive and nonpassive transport processes in jejunal absorption of gabapentin. The oral absorption of gabapentin was studied using in situ single pass intestinal perfusion technique in fasted rats. Unbiased intrinsic membrane absorption parameters such as maximal flux, Michaelis constant, carrier permeability, and membrane permeability were calculated using a modified boundary layer model. Gabapentin intestinal perfusion results indicate that its jejunal absorption in rats occurs via a nonpassive process, with no significant passive absorption component, as demonstrated by saturable absorption kinetics and its concentration-dependent permeability. A good correlation (r2 = 0.88) between observed human absorption fraction and calculated (from in situ rat intestine) human absorption fraction was obtained.
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Nijjar IBS, Singh JP, Arora V, Abrol R, Sandhu PS, Chopra R, Roopa. MRI in intraocular cysticercosis - A case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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121
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Arora V, Nijjar IBS, Mahajan DS, Sandhu PS, Singh JP, Chopra R. MRI in seizure disorder - a pictorial essay. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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122
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Arora V, Nijjar IS, Thukral H, Roopa. Bilateral putaminal necrosis caused by methanol intoxication- A case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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123
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Sharma D, Gupta A, Jain BK, Agrawal V, Dargan P, Upreti L, Arora V. Tuberculous gastric perforation: report of a case. Surg Today 2004; 34:537-41. [PMID: 15170553 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-004-2745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2002] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of acute abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a perforation in the lesser curve of the stomach. The patient suffered a bout of hematemesis, following which an endoscopy showed a bleeding blood vessel at the edge of the perforation. We performed an emergency distal gastrectomy, including the ulcer site. Histopathological examination revealed tuberculous granulation tissue and acid-fast bacilli in the ulcer. The patient was given antituberculosis therapy (ATT) postoperatively, and was well when last seen 1 year 5 months after surgery. We analyzed the clinical data of five cases of tuberculous gastric perforation (TGP), reported between 1948 and 2003, including our patient. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 45 years, with a mean age of 36.8 years (SD +/- 10.21), and a male to female ratio of 3 : 2. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery or autopsy. Abdominal lymphadenopathy was present in all patients. Gastrectomy was performed in four patients, and two were given ATT. All four patients in the previous reports died of their disease.
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Kumar A, Arora V, Mathur M. Toxoplasma Antibody Levels in Females with Habitual or Sporadic Abortions and Normal Pregnancies. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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125
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Kumar A, Arora V, Mathur M. Toxoplasma antibody levels in females with habitual or sporadic abortions and normal pregnancies. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:276-7. [PMID: 17642759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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