Validation of the Chinese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: evidence from a three-wave longitudinal study

BACKGROUND

The 10-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a widely used tool for individuals to self-report their self-esteem; however, the factorial structures of translated versions of the RSES vary across different languages. This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the RSES in the Chinese mainland using a longitudinal design.

METHODS

A group of healthcare university students completed the RSES across three waves: baseline, 1-week follow-up, and 15-week follow-up. A total of 481 valid responses were collected through the three-wave data collection process. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the baseline data to explore the potential factorial structure, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the follow-up data to determine the best-fit model. Additionally, the cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariances were tested to assess the measurement properties of the RSES for different groups, such as gender and age, as well as across different time points. Convergent validity was assessed against the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ) using Spearman's correlation. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

The results of EFA revealed that Items 5, 8, and 9 had inadequate or cross-factor loadings, leading to their removal from further analysis. Analysis of the remaining seven items using EFA suggested a two-factor solution. A comparison of several potential models for the 10-item and 7-item RSES using CFA showed a preference for the 7-item form (RSES-7) with two factors. Furthermore, the RSES-7 exhibited strict invariance across different groups and time points, indicating its stability and consistency. The RSES-7 also demonstrated adequate convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, which further supported its robustness as a measure of self-esteem.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that the RSES-7 is a psychometrically sound and brief self-report scale for measuring self-esteem in the Chinese context. More studies are warranted to further verify its usability.

Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a digital questionnaire for the evaluation of perinatal psychosocial needs

BACKGROUND

If the purpose of maternal education is for women to take control of their own health and that of their family in the process, it is essential to have a simple instrument that allows them to self-assess, globally, how prepared they are to face future childbirth and maternity. As there is nothing similar in our area, the objective of this study was to design a complete, specific measurement questionnaire, with good metric quality and in digital format, for the assessment of perinatal psychosocial needs.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was carried out, to evaluate the psychometric properties of a digital measurement questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in 4 steps following the recommendations of the International Test Commission. The participants were 263 pregnant women who were recruited in primary health care appointments in the Basque Healthcare Service (Osakidetza); they completed the newly created questionnaire and all the test selected as gold standard. Their mean age was 33.55 (SD = 4.73). The analysis of the psychometric characteristics was based on mixed expert judgment procedures (focus group of healthcare professionals, item assessment questionnaire and interviews with users) and quantitative procedures (EFA, CFA, association with the gold standard and classification agreement index, ordinal alpha and McDonald's omega).

RESULTS

The final version of the questionnaire was made up of 55 items that evaluate 8 aspects related to perinatal psychosocial well-being (anxious-depressive symptoms, pregnancy acceptance, partner support, coping, internal locus of control, childbirth self-efficacy, perception of childbirth as a medicalized event, and fear of childbirth). Various tests were made of the validity and reliability of the scores, providing metric guarantees for their use in our context.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of this complete, quick-to-use tool with good psychometric properties will allow pregnant women to take stock of their situation, assess whether they have the necessary resources in the psychological and social sphere, and work together with midwives and other health professionals in the areas that are lacking.

Psychometric analysis of the revised CompLEC test to measure reading speed and reading comprehension in university students

BACKGROUND

At university level, reading comprehension is one of the most important linguistic competences in the professional training of students because it is an instrument that enables the acquisition and production of scientific knowledge. Likewise, at this level of education, speed reading becomes a technique that allows to make the most of the time devoted to reading and to develop the ability to concentrate. However, there are not many instruments in the scientific literature that measure these two variables; therefore, the objective of this study was: To determine the psychometric properties of the revised compLEC test to measure reading comprehension and speed in university students.

METHOD

The study was conducted under the quantitative approach, applied type, with non-experimental design. The type of sampling used was non-probabilistic and the sample consisted of 441 university students of both genders. The instrument prepared and applied was the Reading Speed and Reading Comprehension Test for Higher Education, which is an adaptation of the CompLEC test.

RESULTS

In the study, all the items had values above 0.80, which shows that the items were rated positively in terms of pertinence, relevance, and clarity. It was also evidenced that the model of three related factors presents adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.91; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.034 [IC90% 0.021 ‒ 0.046]; SRMR = 0.072). On the other hand, only the Recovery dimension (ordinal α = 0.62) presented acceptable reliability indices.

CONCLUSION

The results show that the Reading Speed and Reading Comprehension Test for Higher Education has adequate psychometric characteristics in terms of content validity and internal structure of the scale. However, further studies are required to confirm the reliability of the scale.

Validation of the Arabic version of the resilience scale for adolescents (READ)

INTRODUCTION

Adolescents react differently to challenging negative life events. Resilience, a dynamic characteristic of individuals, was studied to be a protective factor against such events. In order to study the resilience among Arabic-speaking adolescent populations, age-appropriate measures that are fully apprehended by younger respondents are needed. In this context, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) in a community sample of native Arabic-speaking adolescents aged 13-18 years.

METHODS

A sample of 546 community Arabic-speaking adolescents from Lebanon was recruited (n = 328 females, with a mean age of 15.76 ± 1.65 years). Through an online questionnaire, participants were requested to complete the READ, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the 13-item Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13).

RESULTS

Following the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-to-CFA) strategy, a unidimensional model of the Arabic version of the READ was met after 10 items were removed from the scale, and showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.943). Additionally, the one-factor solution of the Arabic version of the READ was identical across male and female adolescents at the three levels of invariance (Configural, Metric and Scalar). Finally, higher resilience scores were significantly correlated with lower levels of psychopathology, namely depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD, thus attesting to the concurrent validity of the Arabic READ.

CONCLUSION

Findings lend support to the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the READ, and therefore its suitability for use among Arabic-speaking adolescents. The availability of this tool facilitates the implementation of interventions that foster resilience, especially in adolescents who have faced a number of negative life events.

Psychometric properties of Iowa Anesthesia Satisfaction Scale Turkish version

BACKGROUND

The Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) is a valid and reliable measurement tool developed to evaluate patient satisfaction with anesthesia care during different surgical interventions. It is adapted to various languages and used in many studies. Considering the satisfaction of the patient with anesthesia applied in surgical procedures, the presence of such a measurement tool is crucial.

AIM

From this point of view, the study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the ISAS by adapting it to Turkish culture.

METHODS

In this study, a descriptive, methodological and cross-sectional design was used. A total of 210 patients who underwent surgery under general or regional anesthesia were in the study.

RESULTS

ISAS Turkish version (ISAS-T) shows good reliability which is obvious with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.80. The correlation levels of the items with the ISAS total score were calculated between .45 and .73. Test-retest reliability was calculated as 0.83. CFA analysis was applied to the one-dimensional 11-item final version of ISAS. The uni-dimensionality of the 11-item scale was confirmed on a Turkish patient sample. The fit indices for the model obtained were calculated as χ2/sd = 2.342, RMSEA = .80, SRMR = .04, CFI = .90, GFI = .92. The fit indices of the model have good and acceptable fit values.

CONCLUSION

Based on the psychometric evaluation, ISAS-T is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring patient satisfaction with anesthesia applied during different surgical procedures.

Neuropsychological instruments for bipolar disorders: A systematic review on psychometric properties

BACKGROUND

Cognitive deficits are a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that persist during the euthymic phase and affect global functioning. However, nowadays, there is no consensus on the optimal tool to capture cognitive deficits in BD. Therefore, this review aims to examine the psychometric properties of tools commonly used to assess cognitive functioning in BD.

METHODS

Literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases on August 1, 2022 and on April 20, 2023, yielding 1758 de-duplicated records. Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.

RESULTS

All tools examined showed acceptable-to-good psychometric properties suggesting that both brief cognitive screeners and comprehensive batteries may be appropriate for detecting or monitoring cognitive changes in BD.

LIMITATIONS

Methodological differences between the included studies precluded a direct comparison of the results. Further research is needed to investigate the psychometric properties of cognitive tools that assess also affective and social cognition.

CONCLUSIONS

The tools examined appear sensitive enough to distinguish between BD patients with versus without cognitive deficits, however, an optimal tool has not yet been identified. The applicability and clinical utility of the tools may depend on multiple factors such as available resources. That said, web-based instruments are expected to become the first-choice instrument for cognitive screening as they can be applied on a large scale and at an affordable cost. As for second-level assessment instruments, the BACA shows robust psychometric properties and tests both affective and non-affective cognition.

GOunder/Desmoid Tumor Research Foundation DEsmoid Symptom/Impact Scale (GODDESS©): psychometric properties and clinically meaningful thresholds as assessed in the Phase 3 DeFi randomized controlled clinical trial

PURPOSE

The GODDESS© tool was developed to assess Desmoid Tumor/Aggressive Fibromatosis (DT/AF) symptom severity and impact on patients' lives. This study evaluated GODDESS©'s cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement properties.

METHODS

The Phase 3, randomized placebo-controlled, DeFi study (NCT03785964) of nirogacestat in DT/AF was used to assess GODDESS©'s reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, and estimate of meaningful change thresholds (MCTs). Other patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures included Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGIS) in DT/AF symptoms, EORTC QLQ-C30, Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, and PROMIS Physical Function short-form 10a v2.0 plus 3 items.

RESULTS

DeFi participants (N = 142) had a median age of 34 years (range: 18-76) and were mostly female (64.8%), with extra-abdominal (76.8%) or intra-abdominal tumors (23.2%). The GODDESS© symptom/impact scales showed internal consistency at baseline, cycles 4 and 7 (Cronbach's α > 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient > 0.85). GODDESS© scales correlated moderately to highly with PRO measures capturing similar content and differentiated among PGIS and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group groups. GODDESS© scales detected improvement over time. For the total symptom score, a 1.30-point decrease was estimated as the within-person MCT and a 1.00-point decrease as the between-group MCT. For the physical functioning impact score, estimated within- and between-group MCTs were 0.60-point and 0.50-point decreases, respectively. Few participants exhibited symptom worsening.

CONCLUSION

GODDESS© was found to be reliable, valid, responsive, and interpretable as a clinical trial endpoint in the pooled sample of DT/AF patients. Estimated MCTs can be used to define responders and assess group-level differences in future, unblinded, efficacy analyses.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND REGISTRATION DATE

NCT03785964; December 24, 2018.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the moral distress-appraisal scale for nurses

Moral distress causes frustration, guilt, anger, stress, sadness, anxiety, fear, burnout, insecurity, and depression in nurses, and this is reflected in their work performances. Therefore, internationally validated tools and methodological studies are needed to measure moral distress among nurses. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Moral Distress-Appraisal Scale (MD-APPS) among nurses in Turkey. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Moral Distress-Appraisal Scale (MD-APPS), which included internal consistency reliability and construct validity with factor analysis, were examined in a sample of 420 nurses working in different hospitals in Turkey completed the study between February and July 2022. The content validity index of the Turkish version of the MD-APPS based on expert opinions was 0.90. Through exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, a two-factor structure was obtained as in the original scale. The variance explained by these two factors was 56.67 %. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale was valid, while internal consistency coefficient and test-retest results demonstrated that the scale was reliable. The Turkish version of the MD-APPS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating moral distress among nurses.

Introducing an interview-based cognitive assessment tool for people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia

Assessment of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia (PWS) is limited in low and middle-income countries due to lack of context-appropriate measures. This study aimed to select, adapt, and evaluate an interview-based cognitive tool for PWS in Ethiopia. The study was carried out in three phases. In the first phase, we followed a rigorous instrument selection procedure to select a tool for adaptation. We then applied a rigorous instrument adaption procedure, including interviews with 24 participants. Finally, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the adapted tool with 208 PWS and 208 matched controls. The Cognitive Assessment Interview was selected as the appropriate tool for adaptation. This tool is practical and tolerable, with short time of administration. We reported high inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability for the adapted scale. One-factor structure better represented the data with excellent internal consistency. Weak but significant correlation with a performance-based battery was reported. At a cut-off value of > 13, the tool significantly differentiated PWS from controls (62 % sensitivity and 82 % specificity). Item Response Theory-based analysis showed that the tool gives much information among severely impaired participants. The findings show that the tool is reliable, valid, and practical in resource-scarce settings.

A systematic review of the psychometric properties of pressure pain detection threshold in evaluating mechanical pain threshold in people with hand or wrist injuries

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the psychometric properties of Pressure Pain Detection Threshold (PPDT) measures in people with hand or wrist injuries.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify eligible studies evaluating psychometric properties of PPDT in samples composed of at least 50% of people with hand or wrist injury. The Consensus-based Standards for the Measurement of Health Instruments' risk of bias checklist was used to critically appraise the included studies, and qualitative synthesis was performed by pooling the results of all studies that presented the same measurement property using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

RESULTS

From 415 studies, 11 relevant studies were identified. Of the 11 studies, four hand or wrist injuries were represented; carpal tunnel syndrome, distal radius fractures, osteoarthritis, and complex regional pain syndrome. Intra-rater reliability was considered sufficient (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.64-0.94), with small reported standard error of the mean values (5.3-39.2 kPa). Results of validity and responsiveness could not be synthesized due to heterogeneity. Risk of bias for reliability and measurement error was assessed as very good or adequate, whereas validity and responsiveness were doubtful or inadequate. Overall quality of evidence was low or very low for all measurement properties.

CONCLUSIONS

Inconsistent results and low quality evidence provide little confidence in the overall measurement properties of PPDT in a hand or wrist injury population. No criterion standard for pain further highlights complexities around pain measurement such that the results obtained from PPDT measures in clinical practice cannot be compared to a gold standard measure.

Psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management (SEMCD-S) in older Colombian adults

BACKGROUND

Self-efficacy alludes to personal competence in an individual's effectiveness when facing stressful situations. This construct has been related to different domains of the health field, finding that high levels of self-efficacy benefit human functioning and enhance well-being.

METHODS

The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for managing chronic diseases (SEMCD-S) by assessing factorial, convergent and divergent validity, reliability, and measurement invariance. Likewise, the comparison of self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics was proposed by contrasting latent factors. An instrumental, transactional, descriptive, and non-experimental design study was carried out with the participation of 325 Colombian senior citizens.

RESULTS

The findings suggest that the scale has appropriate psychometric properties. The one-factor structure exhibited a satisfactory fit, the mean-variance extracted reported acceptable figures and the correlation analysis with other constructs supported this instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Likewise, it was invariant to the different socio-demographic aspects examined, while the internal consistency figures were high. Differences in the means of the latent factors were only detected in the academic grade. In this case, older adults with a primary school level attained higher self-efficacy values than those who had completed high school or university studies.

CONCLUSIONS

It is concluded that the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in the Colombian context to measure and compare this construct.

Item response theory-based psychometric analysis of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) among adolescents in the UK

BACKGROUND

Middle and late adolescence is the period in a person's life that is most vulnerable to mental health problems. To enable an evidence base that can support policies to prevent such problems, it is crucial to have good quality, reliable, and accurate measurement tools for mental well-being. One of them is the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS). This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS on a large sample of adolescents aged 16 to 19 from the United Kingdom (UK) (N = 8,090). Data were from four waves of the longitudinal panel study Understanding Society.

METHODS

The analysis was conducted using Item Response Theory (IRT), which is the most appropriate method for testing psychometric properties. The Graded Response Model (GRM) was applied to the data. The reliability and criterion validity of the SWEMWBS were also examined.

RESULTS

The presented results confirm the very good psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS amongst adolescents aged 16 to 19 years. The assumptions for the use (unidimensionality, local non-independence, monotonicity) of IRT were met. The results of GRM showed very high discriminant power for all items. The five-category response scale performed optimally; however, differences were found between points on the response scale both between and within items. In general, the scale as a whole showed very good functioning, but particularly in the negative values of mental well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

The SWEMWBS was confirmed as a concise, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring mental well-being among older UK adolescents.

Validation of the Arabic version of the brief irritability test (Ar-BITe) in non-clinical adolescents

BACKGROUND

Despite the substantial clinical relevance of irritability in the development and maintenance of several mental disorders and its negative effects on functioning, no valid and reliable measures are available yet to identify the presence and consequences of irritability as a distinct construct among the Arabic-speaking populations. To bridge this gap, and help advance this field in the under-researched Arab region, we aimed to validate an Arabic-language version of the Brief Irritability Test (BITe).

METHODS

Eligible participants were native Arabic-speaking non-clinical adolescents from Lebanon; 527 participants aged 15.73 ± 1.81 years (56% females) completed the survey.

RESULTS

Utilizing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach, we found that the five items of the Arabic BITe loaded into a single factor structure. The scale showed excellent reliability, as both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficient values were of 0.88. Multi-group analyses showed invariance across sex groups in our sample at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Female adolescents exhibited higher BITe scores than their male counterparts (14.01 vs. 13.25), but this difference did not reach the statistical significance. Good concurrent validity was supported based on positive correlations between irritability scores and measures of aggression, anger and hostility (r Pearson's coefficients ranging from 0.35 to 0.42), as well as positive correlations with insomnia symptoms scores.

CONCLUSION

The present findings allow us to conclude that the Arabic version of the BITe is a unidimensional, reliable, valid, brief, and economic self-report measure of the irritability construct for both male and female Arabic-speakers. Providing an Arabic validated version of the BITe will hopefully foster the research efforts of the Arab scientific community in this area, and promote the implementation of timely, evidence-informed and culturally-sensitive mental health interventions that appropriately address irritability-related problems and consequences among Arab young populations.

Validation of the Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) primarily presents with symptoms of pain and compromised functionality. Pain is a subjective manifestation that necessitates the employment of reliable evaluation tools for practical assessment, thereby enabling the formulation of appropriate interventional strategies. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a widely utilized questionnaire for evaluating the status of chronic pain. The purpose of the present study is to translate the short form of BPI into Chinese version (BPI-CV) and conduct cross-cultural adaptation to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of BPI-CV in KOA patients.

METHODS

BPI-CV was translated and cross-culturally adapted according to internationally recognized guidelines. A cohort comprising 150 patients diagnosed with KOA successfully completed the demographic questionnaire, BPI-CV, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the EuroQoL Group's five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Internal consistency and test-retest analysis were used to evaluate the reliability. The internal consistency of the scale items was evaluated by calculating the Cronbach's α value (> 0.7). We chose to employ two scales commonly used in the evaluation of KOA patients: the disease-specific WOMAC scale and the universal EQ-5D scale. Construct validity was determined through Pearson correlation analysis, comparing BPI scores with those obtained from the WOMAC and EQ-5D scales. Exploratory factor analysis was used to structural validity.

RESULTS

The BPI-CV was well accepted with no ceiling or floor effect. Cronbach's α for assessing internal consistency was 0.894. Test-retest reliability was excellent with an ICC of 0.852 (95%CI 0.785-0.905). The BPI-CV showed moderate to strong correlations with the pain dimension (r = 0.496-0.860) and the functional interference dimension (r = 0.517-0.712) of the WOMAC and the EQ-5D (r = 0.527-0.743). Three factors resulted using exploratory factor analysis: pain severity, activity interference, and emotional interference, accounting for 79.0% of the total variance. Standard error of measurement was 0.539.

CONCLUSION

BPI-CV has good feasibility, reliability, and validity. It can be recommended for KOA patients in mainland China.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the short 9-item drive for muscularity scale (DMS-9)

BACKGROUND

After the original 15-item Drive for Muscularity Scale developed by McCreary et al. in 2004, a more theoretically based scale that replicates the original DMS subscales with a better conceptual clarity and a shorter number of items, i.e., the DMS-9, has recently been developed by Chaba et al. in 2018. We sought to contribute to the literature especially under the Arab context, by investigating the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the DMS-9 in a sample of Arabic-speaking Lebanese university students of both genders.

METHODS

University students (N = 402; 55.2% females) from multiple universities in Lebanon were invited to fill the survey in this cross-sectional designed study (December 2022 and January 2023). Our sample was chosen using the snowball technique; a soft copy of the questionnaire was created using google forms software, and an online approach was conceived to proceed with the data collection.

RESULTS

Using an Exploratory Factor Analysis-to- Confirmatory Factor Analysis strategy, we found that the original two-factor model of the DMS proposed in the parent study was adequately replicated in our sample. The two DMS-9 factor scores showed very good McDonald's omega values (ω > 0.8). Findings also showed that gender invariance was achieved at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Additionally, drive for muscularity scores correlated in the expected way with other study variables, providing support for the convergent and divergent validity of the Arabic DMS-9. Specifically, we found that greater drive for muscularity attitudes and behaviors significantly correlated with more severe muscle dysmorphic symptoms, inappropriate eating attitudes, muscle bias internalization, and lower body appreciation.

CONCLUSION

Findings preliminarily suggest that the Arabic DMS-9 is psychometrically sound and suitable tool to assess the drive for muscularity construct among Arabic-speaking community adults. Making the Arabic DMS-9 available will hopefully benefit the scientific community working in Arab settings, promote local and international research in this area, and offer descriptive data on how drive for muscularity may interfere with health indicators in the general Arab population.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the body appreciation scale (BAS-2) and its short forms (BAS-2SF) in a community sample of Lebanese adults

OBJECTIVES

The present study sought to examine the factor structure, reliability, validity and gender invariance of the Arabic Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), and its two short forms (the 3-item and 2-item BAS-2SF) among community Lebanese Arabic-speaking adults.

METHODS

We carried-out an online cross-sectional survey. The 10-item BAS-2, the functionality appreciation scale and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 were completed by 826 Lebanese community adults (57.9% females, aged 25.42 ± 8.44 years).

RESULTS

The Arabic 10-item, 3-item and 2-item BAS-2 converged on a one-factor solution, and demonstrated high internal consistency (McDonald's ω value of .92, .88, and .86 respectively). All indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender. The 3-item and 2-item BAS-2SF were highly correlated with the original BAS-2 (r > 0.9). Higher 10-item, 3-item and 2-item BAS-2 scores correlated significantly and strongly with more positive eating attitudes and greater functionality appreciation, and higher 10-item BAS-2 scores correlated positively and weakly with BMI, supporting convergent validity.

CONCLUSION

The present work contributes to the literature by providing a psychometrically sound Arabic-translation of the BAS-2 and short-forms, benefitting both researchers and clinicians.

The Perceived Stress Scale as a Measure of Stress: Decomposing Score Variance in Longitudinal Behavioral Medicine Studies

BACKGROUND

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a widely used measure designed to assess perceptions of recent stress. However, it is unclear to what extent the construct assessed by the PSS represents factors that are stable versus variable within individuals, and how these components might vary over time.

PURPOSE

Determine the degree to which variability in repeated PSS assessments is attributable to between-person versus within-person variance in two different studies and populations.

METHODS

Secondary analyses utilized data from two studies with up to 13 PSS assessments: An observational study of 127 patients with heart failure followed over 39 months (Study 1), and an experimental study of 73 younger, healthy adults followed over 12 months (Study 2). Multilevel linear mixed modeling was used to estimate sources of variance in the PSS total and subscale scores across assessments.

RESULTS

Between-person variance accounted for a large proportion of the total variance in PSS total scores in Study 1 (42.3%) and Study 2 (51.1%); within-person variance comprised the remainder. Between-person variance was higher for shorter assessment periods (e.g., 1 week), and was comparable when examining only the first 12 months of assessments in each study (52.9% vs. 51.1%).

CONCLUSIONS

Within two samples differing in age and health status, between-person variance accounted for approximately half of the total variation in PSS scores over time. While within-person variance was observed, the construct assessed by the PSS may substantially reflect a more stable characteristic of how an individual perceives stressful life circumstances than previously appreciated.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Person-Centered Maternity Care Scale

BACKGROUND

Increasing evidence show that women across the world face unacceptable mistreatment during childbirth. Person-centered maternity care is fundamental and essential to quality of healthcare services. The aim of this study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) Scale among Chinese postpartum women.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1235 post-partum women in China. The cross-cultural adaptation process followed the Beaton intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 1235 women were included to establish the psychometric properties of the PCMC. A demographic characteristics form and the PCMC were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the PCMC were evaluated by examining item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, known-groups discriminant validity, and internal consistency.

RESULTS

The number of extracted common factors was limited to three (dignity & respect, communication & autonomy, supportive care), explaining a total variance of 40.8%. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability of the full PCMC score were 0.989 and 0.852, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The Chinese version of the PCMC is a reliable and valid tool to assess person-centered care during childbirth in China.

Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Chinese Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) and DASS-21

BACKGROUND

In recognizing the need for a reliable and valid instrument to assess psychological distress among children and adolescents, the present study translated the newly developed Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) into Chinese, while also comparing its psychometric properties with those of the well-established DASS-21 within a primary and middle school demographic.

METHODS

Utilizing a combination of convenience sampling and purposive sampling, a cohort comprising 1,507 primary and 1,131 middle school students was recruited. Rasch analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in the data analysis.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed between the DASS-Y and the DASS-21, notably within the anxiety subscale. The proportions of individuals with clinical mood disorders identified by the two scales demonstrated a significant disparity. Both scales, following an adjustment of responses, exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and convergent validity, with the acceptance of a three-factor structure. Furthermore, the DASS-Y showed superior discriminant validity relative to the DASS-21, providing more compelling evidence regarding concurrent validity.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the Chinese version of the DASS-Y demonstrated superior robustness to the DASS-21 in terms of psychometric properties. The findings provide initial evidence for the psychometric properties of the DASS-Y from another culture.

Psychometric properties of the research competencies assessment instrument for nurses (RCAIN) in Greece

Background and Purpose

Evidence-based practice can improve quality of care and patient and system outcomes. Healthcare professionals need certain research competencies to achieve evidence-based practice. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the self-reported 19-item Research Competencies Assessment Instrument for Nurses (RCAIN) with Greek.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included in total, 520 respondents (within 33 health organizations) who completed the 5-point Likert-type RCAIN as well as the 8-item "Research Utilization by Nurses" that was used to assess construct validity. Expert scholars translated both survey questionnaires into the Greek language. A baseline one-factor model was compared against three-factor model (i.e., knowledge, skills, and application of knowledge and skills) that were developed based on the hypothetical design of the instrument.

Results

Participants were females (86.4%) 50 years old or younger (91%). The RCAIN had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.937 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.440 (95% CI 0.403 to 0.480, p < .001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution (i.e., knowledge, skills, application of knowledge & skills). Fit indices for the three-factor model were statistically superior when compared with the baseline model. Reliability and validity of each subscale were acceptable. Further assessment of construct validity using hypothesis testing indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in research utilization by knowledgeable or not participants. Specifically, the effect size between knowledge synthesis and instrumental research use was eta squared = 0.020, meaning that approximately 2.0% of the variance in instrumental research use scores can be explained by knowledge in methods of knowledge synthesis. The predictive validity, based on correlations between the two instruments, showed that increasing levels of instrumental research use were associated with an increasingly positive and statistically significant pattern of correlations.

Conclusions

The RCAIN survey is a psychometrically sound tool for nurses. Providers, educators, and health administrators may use it for professional development and improvement of individual research competencies.

Development and initial psychometric properties of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale-Intellectual Disability version

BACKGROUND

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007) is yet to be validated in the intellectual disability (ID) population. The aim of this study was to report the development process and assess the psychometric properties of a newly adapted version of the WEMWBS and the Short WEMWBS for individuals with mild to moderate IDs (WEMWBS-ID/SWEMWBS-ID).

METHOD

The WEMWBS item wordings and response options were revised by clinicians and researchers expert in the field of ID, and a visual aid was added to the scale. The adapted version was reviewed by 10 individuals with IDs. The measure was administered by researchers online using screenshare, to individuals aged 16+ years with mild to moderate IDs. Data from three UK samples were collated to evaluate the WEMWBS-ID (n = 96). A subsample (n = 22) completed the measure again 1 to 2 weeks later to assess test-retest reliability, and 95 participants additionally completed an adapted version of the adapted Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to examine convergent validity. Additional data from a Canadian sample (n = 27) were used to evaluate the SWEMWBS-ID (n = 123).

RESULTS

The WEMWBS-ID demonstrated good internal consistency (ω = 0.77-0.87), excellent test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .88] and good convergent validity with the self-esteem scale (r = .48-.60) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for a single factor model demonstrated an adequate fit. The SWEMWBS-ID showed poor to good internal consistency (ω = 0.36-0.74), moderate test-retest reliability (ICC = .67) and good convergent validity (r = .48-.60) across samples, and a confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit for a single factor structure.

CONCLUSIONS

The WEMWBS-ID and short version demonstrated promising psychometric properties, when administered virtually by a researcher. Further exploration of the scales with larger, representative samples is warranted.

Reliability and validity of the Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults

OBJECTIVE

The Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) has been used for assessing mobility limitations and predicting falling risk among older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the POMA in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

METHODS

We used data from a cross-sectional study in which a sample of 627 older adults completed the POMA. Reliability was tested using internal consistencies and test-retest reliability analyses, while validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and known-group approach. Floor and ceiling effects were also tested.

RESULTS

The POMA and its two subscales had good internal consistency reliability and interrater reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the POMA had a two-factor structure. The POMA and its subscales exhibited moderate-to-good discriminant validity. A high ceiling effect was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

The POMA had satisfactory reliability and validity among Chinese older adults. Nevertheless, a high ceiling effect may limit its use in community settings.

Oral Health Literacy-Measurement Instruments and their Psychometric Properties: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to provide an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instruments of oral health literacy in adults.

METHODS

An electronic search for instrument studies was performed in the PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases to find articles published up to June 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) Risk of Bias checklist for systematic review.

RESULTS

From an initial sample of 2617 articles, 14 instrument studies were included in the present review. Their sample sizes ranged from 177 to 1405 adults, and the number of items per measurement instrument ranged from 14 to 99. For structural validity, statistical techniques were performed using the classical test theory (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and the item response theory (dichotomous and polytomous models). The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry 30, elaborated in the USA, was the measurement instrument that had the greatest number of cultural adaptations, having been validated in such countries as Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Turkey, and Romania. The evaluation of the risk of bias, undertaken using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, showed that 6 of the 10 parameters had been evaluated.

CONCLUSION

The psychometric properties that were evaluated in the present systematic review were structural validity, internal consistency, reliability (test-retest), and hypothesis testing for construct validity. To date, there is no gold standard measuring instrument to evaluate the criterion validity parameter.

Development and validation of an instrument for measuring junior nurses' recognition and response abilities to clinical deterioration (RRCD)

BACKGROUND

Nurses of all levels are expected to be competent in managing clinical deterioration. Given their limited experience and basic-level knowledge, there is a concern about junior nurses' clinical and patient management skills. However, junior nurses' abilities to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration have not been adequately explored because of the absence of a comprehensive tool.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to develop a new self-assessment scale to assess the junior nurses' recognition and response abilities to clinical deterioration and to examine its reliability and validity.

METHODS

Scale items were based on literature reviews and interviews. The preliminary scale was generated through two rounds of expert review. A panel of five experts evaluated content validity. After a pilot study, the questionnaire was distributed to 168 junior nurses via convenience sampling. Subsequent statistical analysis of results included construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

RESULTS

Six factors were included, and 69.310% of the total variance was explained by the 25 items comprising the scale. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.905 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812-0.979) for the overall scale and 0.655-0.838 for its subscales. The Guttman split-half reliability was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.806-0.894). The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.836-0.911).

CONCLUSION

We developed a scale for measuring the abilities of junior nurses to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration and confirmed its reliability and validity. More experimental studies are needed to further evaluate this instrument.

The self-management instrument for breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy: Development and psychometric testing using the COSMIN methodology

Objective

This study aims to develop and test the self-management instrument for breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy (SMAT-B).

Methods

After a qualitative interview with 29 patients and two rounds of Delphi expert consultation with 15 experts, 49 items were initially generated. Before item reduction, another structured interview was conducted for content validity. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (n ​= ​377) were used for item reduction. After that, internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability (n ​= ​30), measurement error, construct validity, and structural validity (n ​= ​342) were preliminarily evaluated using the COnsesus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurements INstruments guidelines.

Results

The final version of SMAT-B includes 7 dimensions and 31 items after item reduction. The testing results suggested that SMAT-B had good internal consistency (Total Cronbach's α ​= ​0.952), good split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient ​= ​0.904), good stability (Total intraclass correlation coefficient = ​0.797), acceptable measurement error (SEM ​= ​5.28), and acceptable construct validity (Standardized root mean square residual ​= ​0.055). The hypotheses of construct validity were all verified to a certain extent (r ​> ​0.20, P ​< ​0.01).

Conclusions

The 31-item SMAT-B, developed in interviews with patients and consultation with experts, demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be recommended for researchers and clinicians for further validity testing and evaluation of the self-management ability of breast cancer patients.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2100052868.