201
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Abstract
Halothane MAC in dogs was not significantly changed by phenobarbital (PB) therapy. Following 10 consecutive days of oral PB (10 mg/kg), halothane MAC was 0.95 +/- 0.05 vol/dl (mean +/- SE) compared with a halothane MAC of 1.05 +/- 0.03 vol/dl in another group not given PB. The absence of change in MAC may reflect either the development of tolerance to CNS sedative effects of PB or the masking of antanalgesia effects of the barbiturate by associated sedation and/or analgesia.
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202
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Knights KM, Armstrong RF, Strunin L. Proceedings: Halothane 1 p.p.m--is it practical? Br J Anaesth 1976; 48:815-6. [PMID: 947354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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203
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Abstract
The katharometer detector is better suited to the analysis of gaseous halothane (0.2-4%) than is the flame ionization detector, since the peak heights are directly proportional to concentration, and are more reproducible.
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204
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Göthe CJ, Ovrum P, Hallen B. Exposure to anesthetic gases and ethanol during work in operating rooms. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2:96-106. [PMID: 959795 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of halothane and ethanol in operating rooms was measured during 37 routine operations performed in nine different departments of surgery at six different hospitals. The time-weighted halothane concentrations in the respiratory zones of anesthetic and surgical nurses were 0.3--34.0 ppm (time-weighted average 7.2 ppm) and 0.1--9.2 ppm (time-weighted average 2.5 ppm), respectively, in the different operating departments. The corresponding ethanol concentrations were 0.3--36.5 ppm (time-weighted average 12.5 ppm) for anesthetic nurses and 1.5--46.6 ppm (time-weighted average 15.3 ppm) for surgical nurses. The anesthetic technique influences the exposure of the operating staff to anesthetic gases, but it does not affect exposure to ethanol. In controlled experiments volunteers were exposed to low concentrations of halothane or ethanol. About 60% of both substances was retained. The content of ethanol in the end-expired air approached zero within a few minutes after the end of exposure, while low residual concentrations of halothane were demonstrable for more than 1 h. Although exposure to ethanol is insignificant in relation to the metabolic capacity of the body, ethanol indicates the presence of volatile disinfectant components, and its spread through the room atmosphere should be kept in mind when the ventilation of operating rooms is designed. The effective elimination of airborne pollutants in operating rooms calls for good general ventilation in conjunction with local exhaust close to the sources of anesthetic gas leakage. General ventilation mainly affects the concentration of substances well-mixed with the room atmosphere, such as volatile disinfectant components and anesthetic vapor that has spread beyond the actual work zones of the medical staff. For a significant reduction in the concentration of anesthetic gases in the respiratory zones of the medical staff, the gases must be vented at the source of leakage. Since airborne anesthetics occur not only in operating rooms, general ventilation has to meet certain minimum requirements also in anesthetic induction rooms and recovery rooms. Operating rooms and anesthetic induction rooms must also be supplied with local exhaust systems.
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205
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Coté CJ, Kenepp NB, Reed SB, Strobel GE. Trace concentrations of halothane in human breast milk. Br J Anaesth 1976; 48:541-3. [PMID: 986147 DOI: 10.1093/bja/48.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halothane concentrations of 2 p.p.m. have been found in the breast milk of a lactating, practising anaesthetist. This concentration was consistent with the operating theatre environment. The authors fell that, in spite of the limited scope of the study, this is an additional reason for the elimination of waste anaesthetic agents from the operating theatre.
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206
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Bennetts FE. Closed circuit halothane anaesthesia. Use of the Narkotest as an in-line monitor in a nonpolluting technique. Anaesthesia 1976; 31:644-50. [PMID: 937713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical considerations of closed circuit anaesthesia using oxygen and halothane are examined. Clinical experience has confirmed the value of the Narcotest as a reliable in-line monitor of inspired halothane concentration, while the use of an oxygen analyser is a desirable adjunct. The advantages of economy and elimination of theatre pollution are discussed.
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207
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Riabov GA, Semenov VN. [Etran (enflurane) anesthesia (literature survey)]. EKSPERIMENTAL'NAIA KHIRURGIIA I ANESTEZIOLOGIIA 1976:86-90. [PMID: 976185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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208
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Schöntube E, Popp P, Grosse J, Gleisberg F, Oppermann G, Pfeiffer B. [A laboratory device for the continual measurement of halothane concentrations in the operating room]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE HYGIENE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1976; 22:318-25. [PMID: 936686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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209
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Burm A, Spierdijk J, Rejger V. [The environment in the operating room. II. Air pollution by anesthetic gases]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 1976; 120:699-702. [PMID: 1264268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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210
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Hunter L. An occupational health approach to anaesthetic air pollution. Med J Aust 1976; 1:465-8. [PMID: 933919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The principles of occupational health practice as applicable to operating theatre staff are stated. Operating theatre air was samples for halothane at three Sydney hospitals--one in which a scavenging system was in operation and two without such a system. A method giving time-weighted average concentrations over the period of sampling was used. Anaesthetic techniques varied for adults and children. The scavenging system was found to be highly efficient. Less than 0.1 ppm of halothane was found in the air of one theatre in which a flow rate of 4 litres per minute with 0.5% halothane and controlled ventilation were being used for routine anaesthetics in adults. In another theatre in which paediatric surgery was being performed, the anaesthetic technique utilized a flow rate of 6 litres per minute with 0.5% halothane and a T-piece, and the air was found to contain 0.8 ppm of halothane. Concentrations of up to 8 ppm were found in unscavenged theatres. Other possible occupational hazards of the environment, such as exposure to X-rays, viral infection and aerosol sprays, are mentioned. These may be significant.
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211
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Lane GA. Proceedings: The measurement of low concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane by infra-red spectroscopy. Br J Anaesth 1976; 48:274. [PMID: 1259906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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212
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Hövener B, Link J. [The concentrations of halothane in the operating theatre and its dependance on various methods of removal (author's transl)]. Anaesthesist 1976; 25:68-71. [PMID: 1267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of halothane concentrations by means of gas chromatography was used to compare the efficiency of 1) a filtration system and 2) ducting of gases into the exhaust of the ventilation system of our operating threatre. The concentrations were found to be lower when the latter method was used. Measurements made subsequently provided data on halothane concentrations occurring during routine service when different methods of anaesthesia were used, with and without ducting of gases into the ventilation exhaust system.
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213
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Maci U, Banelli G, Delton C. [Gas-chromatographic determination of inhalation anesthetics in the air of operating rooms]. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 1976; 67:50-7. [PMID: 1012143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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214
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Abstract
The adsorptive properties of four charcoals have been examined in relation to their value as adsorbents in filters attached to an anaesthetic trolley. Data for four anaesthetics have been obtained. The test conditions (flow rate, concentration, humidity) were those relevant to the application, and the effect of variation of these conditions was also studied. The air flow resistance of the charcoals was measured. Basic data are thus provided for the design of suitable adsorbers. The performance of two prototype anaesthetic adsorbers has been measured.
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215
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Drupsteen J, van der Hout A, van der Steen C, Massen CH. An instrument for the accurate and continuous measurement of halothane concentrations in nitrous oxide-oxygen mixtures. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47:1331-4. [PMID: 1218175 DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.12.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An instrument is described which measures continuously both the halothane concentration and the composition of the carrier gas when the vaporizer is situated outside the breathing circuit. The instrument is an adapted katharometer in which the out-of-balance voltage is used to measure the concentration of one compound in a three-component mixture, and the total voltage reduction across the constant-current-supplied bridge is used to indicate the proportions of the other two components. Halothane concentrations can be determined with an inaccuracy of 0.1% for concentrations up to 6%. Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, serving as carrier gas, can be determined with an accuracy of 1% over the whole range up to 100% N2O. The 99% response time of the instrument is approximately 1 min.
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216
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Abstract
An expired gas collection and disposal system based on an independent suction pump is described. The halothane concentration in the atmosphere was measured, with and without the system. The increase of halothane concentration was limited to 1 p.p.m. above the theatre basal value with the system in use, and 5 p.p.m. when no venting was used.
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217
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Beneken Kolmer HH, Burm AG, Cramers CA, Ramakers JM, Vader HL. The uptake and elimination of halothane in dogs: a two- or multicompartment system? I: Gas chromatographic determination of halothane in blood and in inspired and end-tidal gases. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47:1049-52. [PMID: 1203137 DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.10.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gas chromatographic determination of volatile organic anaesthetic agents in blood and in respiratory gases is described. The analysis in blood is based on a head space technique. Sampling of inspired and end-tidal gases is carried out by means of a system including a gas sampling valve.
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218
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Turnbull MJ, Watkins JW. Proceedings: Further observations on the change in sensitivity to halothane induced by acute administration of central nervous system depressant drugs in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1975; 55:266P-267P. [PMID: 1201406 PMCID: PMC1666771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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219
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Abstract
Although brain concentration of anaesthetic agents is attractive as a method of expressing anaesthetic potency, both theoretical and practical considerations limit the usefulness of this index. Therefore, the MAC concept has been utilized to develop another expression of potency: the minimum blood concentration. This takes into account the blood/gas solubility coefficient, and the fact that at equilibrium the amount of anaesthetic agent present in brain is reflected in the blood concentration, and it is applicable to both parenteral and to inhalation anaesthetic agents.
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220
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Abstract
In addition to offering further data on the exposure of surgical and recovery-room personnel to low levels of halothane in room air, the authors demonstrate the presence of halothane levels in the blood of some surgical patients managed by other inhalation agents from machines previously used for halothane. The authors concluded that these levels, while low, may be of clinical significance in selected patients.
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221
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Yanagawa F, Fujita T. [Concentration of halothane delivered by Fluotec Mark II and in the vapor of the Dräger vaporizer at the "lock-off" position]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 1975; 24:695-8. [PMID: 1172539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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222
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Mehta S, Cole WJ, Chari J, Lewin K. Operating room air pollution: influence of anaesthetic circuit, vapour concentration, gas flow and ventilation. CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL 1975; 22:265-74. [PMID: 1139371 DOI: 10.1007/bf03004835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric halothane was sampled from three selected operating theatres and anaesthetic rooms during the middle of operating sessions. Two of the operating theatres studied were ventilated with total air exchange once every six minutes; the third operating theatre had no ventilation. End-tidal samples were obtained from anaesthetists. Halothane vapour concentrations were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. The effect of commonly used anaesthetic circuits on the level of contamination in the ambient atmosphere was studied. Concentrations of halothane vapour in the theatre atmosphere were found to vary with sampling site, anaesthetic circuit used, total gas flow and vapour concentration, the scavenging system employed and the efficiency of ventilation system. Although the ventilation system considerably reduced the level of halothane in the operating room atmosphere, it did not totally eliminate the contaminating vapour. A significant reduction in operating-room pollution was obtained by use of simple scavenging equipment. Scavenging of anaesthetic vapours outside the operating room led to 97.3 per cent reduction of overall mean concentration of halothane in the operating room atmosphere and reduction of 72 per cent in end-tidal samples of anaesthetists, with the Magill semiclosed circuit. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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223
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224
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Knights KM, Strunin JM, Strunin L. Proceedings: measurement of low concentrations of halothane in the atmosphere using a portable detector. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47:635-6. [PMID: 1138791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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225
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Knights KM, Strunin JM, Strunin L. Measurement of low concentrations of halothane in the atmosphere using a portable detector. Lancet 1975; 1:727-8. [PMID: 47487 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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226
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Barton F, Nunn JF. Use of refractometry to determine nitrogen accumulation in close d circuits. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47:346-9. [PMID: 166648 DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have described a technique by which a portable interference refractometer may be used to determine the accumulation of nitrogen in a totally closed anaesthetic circuit. The inspired mixture contained halothane, oxygen, nitrous oxide and nitrogen. The concentrations of the first two were controlled with u.v. paramagnetic analysers respectively. It was then possible to determine the percentage of nitrous oxide replaced by nitrogen by measuring the refractive power of the mixture.
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227
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Miller RD, Eger EI, Stevens WC, Gibbons R. Pancuronium-induced tachycardia in relation to alveolar halothane, dose of pancuronium, and prior atropine. Anesthesiology 1975; 42:352-5. [PMID: 1115388 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197503000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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228
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Davis NL, Nunnally RL, Malinin TI. Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane in the white New Zealand rabbit. Br J Anaesth 1975; 47:341-5. [PMID: 1138742 DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in rabbits as the mean of the lowest alveolar halothane concentration preventing and the highest permitting a response to stimulus. MAC for the rabbit was 0.8 plus or minus 0.3 per cent. The measurement of MAC in the rabbit appears to reflect the arterial and brain anaesthetic concentrations.
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229
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Abstract
Totally closed circuit anaesthesia has been used with nitrous oxide/oxygen gas mixtures, supplemented by halothane for spontaneous breathing, or by opiates for artificial ventilation. Oxygen expenditure averaged 227 ml/min, while nitrous oxide expenditure declined exponentially from an initial value of 462 ml/min to 110 ml/min after 2 hr. These flow rated included gas sampled for analysis. Inspired oxygen concentration was maintained at 30 per cent by monitoring with a paramagnetic analyser. Halothane expenditure average 3.5 ml (liquid) per hr. Halothane concentrations in the operating theatre atmosphere did not increase above 0.03 p.p.m.
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230
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231
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Cascorbi HF. [Letter: Liver lesions due to halothane]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1975; 100:30. [PMID: 1112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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232
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Murrin KR. Atmospheric pollution with halothane in operating theatres. A clinical study using activated charcoal. Anaesthesia 1975; 30:12-7. [PMID: 1115332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1975.tb00788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Considerable reductions of halothane pollution in the operating theatre environment can be achieved with canisters containing activated charcoal attached to the expiratory limb of the anaesthetic circuit. This study indicates that the efficiency is greatest with cases requiring endotracheal intubation. If the facemask is employed, it is essential to achieve a tight seal with the contours of the face to eliminate unnecessary pollution.
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233
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Reynolds RC. Effects of halothane, methoxyflurane, and cyclopropane on activation of phosphorylase in skeletal muscle by epinephrine. Anesthesiology 1974; 41:444-51. [PMID: 4429214 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197411000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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234
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Langley DR, Steward A. The effect of ventilation system design on air contamination with halothane in operating theatres. Br J Anaesth 1974; 46:736-41. [PMID: 4621196 DOI: 10.1093/bja/46.10.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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235
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236
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Lane JR. Anaesthetic pollution and its prevention. Proc R Soc Med 1974; 67:992-4. [PMID: 4427917 PMCID: PMC1646107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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237
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Johnston RR, Miller RD, Way WL. The interaction of ketamine with d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, and succinylcholine in man. Anesth Analg 1974; 53:496-501. [PMID: 4858244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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238
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239
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Mallios CC, Strunin JM, Strunin L. Influence of patient position on atmospheric pollution with halothane during out-patient dental anaesthesia. Br Dent J 1974; 136:449-52. [PMID: 4531935 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4803211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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240
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Letter: Investigating acupuncture. Anesthesiology 1974; 40:611-3. [PMID: 4829734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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241
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Simpson R, Walton B, Strunin L. Letter: Jaundice after halothane. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1974; 2:118. [PMID: 4824932 PMCID: PMC1610677 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5910.118-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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242
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White DC, Halsey MJ. Effects of changes in temperature and pressure during experimental anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1974; 46:196-201. [PMID: 4851732 DOI: 10.1093/bja/46.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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243
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Amaranath L, Andersen NB. The effects of anesthetics on permeability to water of the inactivated toad bladder. Anesthesiology 1974; 40:168-74. [PMID: 4204762 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197402000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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244
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Salem MR, Wong AY, Mani M, Sellick BA. Efficacy of cricoid pressure in preventing gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology 1974; 40:96-8. [PMID: 4589511 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197401000-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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245
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Wickett RE, Jenkins LC, Root LS. Downstream contamination of in-series vapourizers. CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL 1974; 21:114-6. [PMID: 4809372 DOI: 10.1007/bf03004587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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246
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Kemi C, Yanagida H, Miyata S, Yamamura H. [Concentration of halothane in the operating room--effects of air conditioning]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 1973; 22:1487-92. [PMID: 4799485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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247
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Zwart A, Oostveen G. Calibration unit for halothane analysers. MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1973; 11:789-91. [PMID: 4787940 DOI: 10.1007/bf02478671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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248
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Waizer PR, Baez S, Orkin LR. A method for determining minimum alveolar concentration of anesthetic in the rat. Anesthesiology 1973; 39:394-7. [PMID: 4758347 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197310000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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249
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Porsius AJ, van Zwieten PA. Quantitative evaluation of the cardiodepressive action of halothane and some related drugs in isolated heart muscle comparison with in vivo circumstances. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1973; 205:134-43. [PMID: 4757843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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250
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Monk IB, MacDonald I, Parbrook GD. Proceedings: A simple technique for producing parts per million concentrations of halothane in oxygen. Br J Anaesth 1973; 45:923. [PMID: 4753692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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