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Peng LL, Wang Y, Zhu FL, Xu WD, Ji XL, Ni J. IL-23R mutation is associated with ulcerative colitis: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4849-4863. [PMID: 27902482 PMCID: PMC5354875 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since a genome-wide association study revealed that Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene is a candidate gene for Ulcerative Colitis (UC), many studies have investigated the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and UC. However, the results were controversial. The aim of the study was to determine whether the IL-23R polymorphisms confer susceptibility to UC. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out to identify all potentially relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of association. RESULTS A total of 33 studies in 32 articles, including 10,527 UC cases and 15,142 healthy controls, were finally involved in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all UC cases and the rs11209026A allele (OR = 0.665, 95% CI = 0.604~0.733, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analyses of the rs7517847, rs1004819, rs10889677, rs2201841, rs11209032, rs1495965, rs1343151 and rs11465804 polymorphisms also indicated significant association with all UC (all P < 0.05). Stratification by ethnicity revealed that the rs11209026, rs7517847, rs10889677, rs2201841 andrs11465804 polymorphisms were associated with UC in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians, while the rs1004819 and rs11209032 polymorphisms were found to be related to UC for both Caucasian and Asian groups. However, subgroup analysis failed to unveil any association between the rs1495965 and rs1343151 polymorphisms and UC in Caucasians or Asians. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggests significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and UC, especially in Caucasians.
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Brant SR, Okou DT, Simpson CL, Cutler DJ, Haritunians T, Bradfield JP, Chopra P, Prince J, Begum F, Kumar A, Huang C, Venkateswaran S, Datta LW, Wei Z, Thomas K, Herrinton LJ, Klapproth JMA, Quiros AJ, Seminerio J, Liu Z, Alexander JS, Baldassano RN, Dudley-Brown S, Cross RK, Dassopoulos T, Denson LA, Dhere TA, Dryden GW, Hanson JS, Hou JK, Hussain SZ, Hyams JS, Isaacs KL, Kader H, Kappelman MD, Katz J, Kellermayer R, Kirschner BS, Kuemmerle JF, Kwon JH, Lazarev M, Li E, Mack D, Mannon P, Moulton DE, Newberry RD, Osuntokun BO, Patel AS, Saeed SA, Targan SR, Valentine JF, Wang MH, Zonca M, Rioux JD, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Hakonarson H, Zwick ME, McGovern DPB, Kugathasan S. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies African-Specific Susceptibility Loci in African Americans With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:206-217.e2. [PMID: 27693347 PMCID: PMC5164948 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) cause significant morbidity and are increasing in prevalence among all populations, including African Americans. More than 200 susceptibility loci have been identified in populations of predominantly European ancestry, but few loci have been associated with IBD in other ethnicities. METHODS We performed 2 high-density, genome-wide scans comprising 2345 cases of African Americans with IBD (1646 with CD, 583 with UC, and 116 inflammatory bowel disease unclassified) and 5002 individuals without IBD (controls, identified from the Health Retirement Study and Kaiser Permanente database). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at P < 5.0 × 10-8 in meta-analysis with a nominal evidence (P < .05) in each scan were considered to have genome-wide significance. RESULTS We detected SNPs at HLA-DRB1, and African-specific SNPs at ZNF649 and LSAMP, with associations of genome-wide significance for UC. We detected SNPs at USP25 with associations of genome-wide significance for IBD. No associations of genome-wide significance were detected for CD. In addition, 9 genes previously associated with IBD contained SNPs with significant evidence for replication (P < 1.6 × 10-6): ADCY3, CXCR6, HLA-DRB1 to HLA-DQA1 (genome-wide significance on conditioning), IL12B,PTGER4, and TNC for IBD; IL23R, PTGER4, and SNX20 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with NOD2) for CD; and KCNQ2 (near TNFRSF6B) for UC. Several of these genes, such as TNC (near TNFSF15), CXCR6, and genes associated with IBD at the HLA locus, contained SNPs with unique association patterns with African-specific alleles. CONCLUSIONS We performed a genome-wide association study of African Americans with IBD and identified loci associated with UC in only this population; we also replicated IBD, CD, and UC loci identified in European populations. The detection of variants associated with IBD risk in only people of African descent demonstrates the importance of studying the genetics of IBD and other complex diseases in populations beyond those of European ancestry.
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Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which is a member of the IL-10 family, is produced exclusively by immune cells and activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in nonimmune cells, such as hepatocytes, keratinocytes, and colonic epithelial cells, to drive various processes central to tissue homeostasis and immunosurveillance. Dysregulation of IL-22 signaling causes inflammatory diseases. IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP; encoded by IL22RA2) is a soluble IL-22 receptor, which antagonizes IL-22 activity and has genetic associations with autoimmune diseases. Humans have three IL-22BP isoforms, IL-22BPi1 to IL-22BPi3, which are generated by alternative splicing; mice only have an IL-22BPi2 homolog. We showed that, although IL-22BPi3 had less inhibitory activity than IL-22BPi2, IL-22BPi3 was more abundant in various human tissues under homeostatic conditions. IL-22BPi2 was more effective than IL-22BPi3 at blocking the contribution of IL-22 to cooperative gene induction with the inflammatory cytokine IL-17, which is often present with IL-22 in autoimmune settings. In addition, we found that IL-22BPi1 was not secreted and therefore failed to antagonize IL-22 signaling. Furthermore, IL-22BPi2 was the only isoform that was increased in abundance when myeloid cells were activated by Toll-like receptor 2 signaling or retinoic acid, a maturation factor for myeloid cells. These data suggest that the human IL-22BP isoforms have distinct spatial and temporal roles and coordinately fine-tune IL-22-dependent STAT3 responses in tissues as a type of rheostat.
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104
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Qin X, Xu J, Wu Z, Sun F, Chen H, Zheng W, Li S, Li P, Chen S, Shen M, Zhang W, You X, Wu Q, Zhang F, Li YZ. Association study of rs924080 and rs11209032 polymorphisms of IL23R-IL12RB2 in a Northern Chinese Han population with Behcet's disease. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1284-1290. [PMID: 27660093 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the IL-23 receptor- IL-12 receptor β2 (IL23R-IL12RB2) as the susceptibility genetic region in Turkish and Japanese population with Behçet's disease (BD). We investigated the association of this region with BD in a Northern Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 407 patients with BD and 421 healthy controls were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs924080 and rs11209032 using the Sequenom MassArray system. RESULTS Statistically significant associations with BD were detected at two SNPs namely, rs924080 and rs11209032, both, by allele analysis (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.25-2.00, Pc=2.52×10-4, and OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.19-1.76, Pc=3.46×10-4, respectively), and genotype analysis (Pc=1.22×10-3andPc=1.77×10-3, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the genotype frequency distribution for these SNPs under the additive, dominant and recessive models (all Pc<0.05). The haplotypes (AT and GC) formed by the two SNPs were associated with BD (all permutation P<0.05). A meta-analysis also appeared to support the association of the two SNPs with BD. CONCLUSION SNPs (rs924080 and rs11209032) of the IL23R-IL12RB2 region were found to be associated with BD in a Northern Chinese Han population.
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105
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Su SS, Wang SL, Lu LJ, Lin L. Association of Interleukin-23 Receptor Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Ankylosing Spondylitis. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2016; 46:470-473. [PMID: 27650612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been shown previously that the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) variants are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It is unknown whether IL-23R is associated with AS in the Chinese population. The present study was performed to examine the association of IL-23R gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to AS in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 157 Chinese Han patients with AS and 150 ethnically matched healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were diagnosed with AS according to the modified New York criteria. 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-23R gene cluster were genotyped. RESULTS None of the 8 IL-23R SNPs were found to be associated with AS in the Chinese population. CONCLUSION The association of IL-23R and AS that is seen in Caucasian patients with AS is not present in Chinese patients with AS.
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Aden K, Rehman A, Falk-Paulsen M, Secher T, Kuiper J, Tran F, Pfeuffer S, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Breuer A, Luzius A, Jentzsch M, Häsler R, Billmann-Born S, Will O, Lipinski S, Bharti R, Adolph T, Iovanna JL, Kempster SL, Blumberg RS, Schreiber S, Becher B, Chamaillard M, Kaser A, Rosenstiel P. Epithelial IL-23R Signaling Licenses Protective IL-22 Responses in Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2208-2218. [PMID: 27524624 PMCID: PMC5443566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of functional and genetic studies have suggested a key role for the IL-23 pathway in chronic intestinal inflammation. Currently, pathogenic actions of IL-23 have been ascribed to specific effects on immune cells. Herein, we unveil a protective role of IL-23R signaling. Mice deficient in IL-23R expression in intestinal epithelial cells (Il23R(ΔIEC)) have reduced Reg3b expression, show a disturbed colonic microflora with an expansion of flagellated bacteria, and succumb to DSS colitis. Surprisingly, Il23R(ΔIEC) mice show impaired mucosal IL-22 induction in response to IL-23. αThy-1 treatment significantly deteriorates colitis in Il23R(ΔIEC) animals, which can be rescued by IL-22 application. Importantly, exogenous Reg3b administration rescues DSS-treated Il23R(ΔIEC) mice by recruiting neutrophils as IL-22-producing cells, thereby restoring mucosal IL-22 levels. The study identifies a critical barrier-protective immune pathway that originates from, and is orchestrated by, IL-23R signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Hildner K, Punkenburg E, Abendroth B, Neurath MF. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Batf as a Key Driver of Disease Activity. Dig Dis 2016; 34 Suppl 1:40-7. [PMID: 27548324 DOI: 10.1159/000447281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represent a group of chronic immune-mediated disorders that are influenced by a genetic predisposition and additional environmental triggers. Genome-wide association studies strongly implicate that a number of immune system-related genetic variations are critically contributing to the initiation and promotion of intestinal inflammation. Especially the identification of the strong association of a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms including interleukin (IL)-23R, CCR6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and Stat4 with IBD susceptibility point at a critical involvement of T cells and especially of IL-17a-producing Th17 cells in the immune pathogenesis of IBD. In line with this hypothesis, a series of preclinical studies have unequivocally established that T cells are key drivers of immune-mediated colitis. Interestingly, especially Th17 cells were identified to be highly prevalent in inflamed IBD tissues, a finding that seems to be functionally relevant as genetic inactivation studies in the mouse resulted in almost complete suppression of colitis development. KEY MESSAGES While targeting Th17 cell differentiation regulating transcription factors, as retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) is effective in preventing murine colitis, one concern of drugs targeting RORγt in a clinical setting represents the large body of murine data unambiguously demonstrating that additional pathways within and outside the immune system are equally RORγt-dependent increasing the risk of undesirable side effects. The AP1 transcription factor Batf (B cell-activating transcription factor) appears to exclusively regulate pathways within lymphocytes. Importantly, Batf represents a central regulator of Th17 cell development and is strongly upregulated within IBD-affected tissues. Employing 2 acute colitis models, we demonstrate in this study that Batf-expressing T cells are critical drivers of T cell-mediated colitis while in contrast to Stat3 loss of Batf does not affect intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Batf in IBD emerges as an attractive therapeutic approach disabling colitogenic T cell activities while sparing off-target effects in the intestinal epithelial cell compartment.
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Ortiz-Fernández L, Carmona FD, Montes-Cano MA, García-Lozano JR, Conde-Jaldón M, Ortego-Centeno N, Castillo MJ, Espinosa G, Graña-Gil G, Sánchez-Bursón J, Juliá MR, Solans R, Blanco R, Barnosi-Marín AC, Gómez de la Torre R, Fanlo P, Rodríguez-Carballeira M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez L, Camps T, Castañeda S, Alegre-Sancho JJ, Martín J, González-Escribano MF. Genetic Analysis with the Immunochip Platform in Behçet Disease. Identification of Residues Associated in the HLA Class I Region and New Susceptibility Loci. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161305. [PMID: 27548383 PMCID: PMC4993481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is an immuno-mediated vasculitis in which knowledge of its etiology and genetic basis is limited. To improve the current knowledge, a genetic analysis performed with the Immunochip platform was carried out in a population from Spain. A discovery cohort comprising 278 BD cases and 1,517 unaffected controls were genotyped using the Immunochip platform. The validation step was performed on an independent replication cohort composed of 130 BD cases and 600 additional controls. The strongest association signals were observed in the HLA class I region, being HLA-B*51 the highest peak (overall P = 6.82E-32, OR = 3.82). A step-wise conditional logistic regression with classical alleles identified HLA-B*57 and HLA-A*03 as additional independent markers. The amino acid model that best explained the association, includes the position 97 of the HLA-B molecule and the position 66 of the HLA-A. Among the non-HLA loci, the most significant in the discovery analysis were: IL23R (rs10889664: P = 3.81E-12, OR = 2.00), the JRKL/CNTN5 region (rs2848479: P = 5.00E-08, OR = 1.68) and IL12A (rs1874886: P = 6.67E-08, OR = 1.72), which were confirmed in the validation phase (JRKL/CNTN5 rs2848479: P = 3.29E-10, OR = 1.66; IL12A rs1874886: P = 1.62E-08, OR = 1.61). Our results confirm HLA-B*51 as a primary-association marker in predisposition to BD and suggest additional independent signals within the class I region, specifically in the genes HLA-A and HLA-B. Regarding the non-HLA genes, in addition to IL-23R, previously reported in our population; IL12A, described in other populations, was found to be a BD susceptibility factor also in Spaniards; finally, a new associated locus was found in the JRKL/CNTN5 region.
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Metz HE, Kargl J, Busch SE, Kim KH, Kurland BF, Abberbock SR, Randolph-Habecker J, Knoblaugh SE, Kolls JK, White MF, Houghton AM. Insulin receptor substrate-1 deficiency drives a proinflammatory phenotype in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8795-800. [PMID: 27439864 PMCID: PMC4978299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601989113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adaptor protein that interfaces with many pathways activated in lung cancer. It has been assumed that IRS-1 promotes tumor growth through its ability to activate PI3K signaling downstream of the insulin-like growth factor receptor. Surprisingly, tumors with reduced IRS-1 staining in a human lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray displayed a significant survival disadvantage, especially within the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutant subgroup. Accordingly, adenoviral Cre recombinase (AdCre)-treated LSL-Kras/Irs-1(fl/fl) (Kras/Irs-1(-/-)) mice displayed increased tumor burden and mortality compared with controls. Mechanistically, IRS-1 deficiency promotes Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling via the IL-22 receptor, resulting in enhanced tumor-promoting inflammation. Treatment of Kras/Irs-1(+/+) and Kras/Irs-1(-/-) mice with JAK inhibitors significantly reduced tumor burden, most notably in the IRS-1-deficient group.
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Huang YM, Liu X, Steffensen K, Sanna A, Arru G, Fois ML, Rosati G, Sotgiu S, Link H. Immunological heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis in Sardinia and Sweden. Mult Scler 2016; 11:16-23. [PMID: 15732262 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1127oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Subjects from Sardinia, Italy, are relatively homogeneous compared to Swedes. Although ethnically distant, both populations have similarly high multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rates. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, signalling molecules and other immune response-associated factors might influence MS pathogenesis, though definite proof is missing. The study of populations with similar MS incidence but different genetic and environmental background could make possible the definition of factors that relate to such background differences. We selected untreated female MS patients from Sassari, Sardinia, and Stockholm, Sweden, and corresponding sexand age-matched healthy controls (HC), to study blood mononuclear cells (MNC) for mRNA expression of 20 immune response-related genes considered relevant in MS, employing real-time PCR. Higher expression of IL-12p40 mRNA was confined to MS from both Sassari and Stockholm, compared to corresponding HC. MS patients from Sassari, but not Stockholm, expressed higher TNF-a compared to corresponding HC. MS patients from Stockholm, but not Sassari, expressed higher IL-6. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), a molecule necessary in tolerance induction, was lower in MS from Stockholm compared to corresponding HC. This was not observed in Sassari. No differences were detected for other members of the IL-12 family, other Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and the signalling molecules Stat 4 and 6. The results corroborate a pro-inflammatory state in MS as reflected by high expression of IL-12, TNF-a and IL-6, although the extent of expression of TNF-a, IL-6 and IDO differs between strictly matched MS patients from different high-incidence areas. This might result from genetic and/or environmental differences. They may account for some of the discrepancies regarding immune response-related molecules previously reported in MS. In conclusion, a pro-inflammatory state exists in MS patients from Sassari as well as Stockholm. The changes of pro-inflammatory and other immune response-related variables differ however between the two MS populations. This may be attributed to the genetic and/or environmental background.
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111
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Wang X, Dong Z, Zhu DD, Guan B. Expression Profile of Immune-Associated Genes in Nasal Polyps. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 115:450-6. [PMID: 16805377 DOI: 10.1177/000348940611500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We performed this study to investigate the expression profile of immune-associated genes and to probe the role of related genes in the immune pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Methods: Microarray analysis was used to find the expression profile of 491 immune-associated genes in nasal polyps. In validation studies, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to detect interleukin (IL)–17 and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) in nasal polyps and controls. Results: Eighty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the immune-associated gene profile of nasal polyps, and 15 genes showed differential expression in both chips. In nasal polyp tissues, IL-17 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of plasma cells and to a lesser degree in the prickle cell layer of the epithelium and the acinus of the serous gland. In turbinates, IL-17 was also expressed in the same location, but the expression of IL-17 in nasal polyps and that in turbinates differed significantly (p > .05). Both IL-17 and IL-17R displayed specific bands in nasal polyps and turbinates, but the bands of IL-17 and IL-17R in nasal polyps were stronger than those in turbinates. Conclusions: The differentially expressed genes in immune-associated gene chips will provide clues about, and a theoretical foundation for, the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Furthermore, IL-17 may play an important role in the occurrence of nasal polyps by overexpression.
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112
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Xiao Y, Wang XQ, Yu Y, Guo Y, Xu X, Gong L, Zhou T, Li XQ, Xu CD. Comprehensive mutation screening for 10 genes in Chinese patients suffering very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5578-88. [PMID: 27350736 PMCID: PMC4917618 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To perform sequencing analysis in patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) to determine the genetic basis for VEO-IBD in Chinese pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 13 Chinese pediatric patients with VEO-IBD were diagnosed from May 2012 and August 2014. The relevant clinical characteristics of these patients were analyzed. Then DNA in the peripheral blood from patients was extracted. Next generation sequencing (NGS) based on an Illumina-Miseq platform was used to analyze the exons in the coding regions of 10 candidate genes: IL-10, IL-10RA, IL-10RB, NOD2, FUT2, IL23R, GPR35, GPR65, TNFSF15, and ADAM30. The Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variations detected in NGS. RESULTS Out of the 13 pediatric patients, ten were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and three diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB were detected in five patients. There were four patients who had single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IBD. Two patients had IL-10RA and FUT2 polymorphisms, and two patients had IL-10RB and FUT2 polymorphisms. Gene variations were not found in the rest four patients. Children with mutations had lower percentile body weight (1.0% vs 27.5%, P = 0.002) and hemoglobin (87.4 g/L vs 108.5 g/L, P = 0.040) when compared with children without mutations. Although the age of onset was earlier, height was shorter, and the response to treatment was poorer in the mutation group, there was no significant difference in these factors between groups. CONCLUSION IL-10RA and IL-10RB mutations are common in Chinese children with VEO-IBD. Patients with mutations have an earlier disease onset, lower body weight and hemoglobin, and poorer prognosis.
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Meyer Zu Horste G, Wu C, Wang C, Cong L, Pawlak M, Lee Y, Elyaman W, Xiao S, Regev A, Kuchroo VK. RBPJ Controls Development of Pathogenic Th17 Cells by Regulating IL-23 Receptor Expression. Cell Rep 2016; 16:392-404. [PMID: 27346359 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells (Th17 cells) play an important role in autoimmune diseases. However, not all Th17 cells induce tissue inflammation or autoimmunity. Th17 cells require IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling to become pathogenic. The transcriptional mechanisms controlling the pathogenicity of Th17 cells and IL-23R expression are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical Notch signaling mediator RBPJ is a key driver of IL-23R expression. In the absence of RBPJ, Th17 cells fail to upregulate IL-23R, lack stability, and do not induce autoimmune tissue inflammation in vivo, whereas overexpression of IL-23R rescues this defect and promotes pathogenicity of RBPJ-deficient Th17 cells. RBPJ binds and trans-activates the Il23r promoter and induces IL-23R expression and represses anti-inflammatory IL-10 production in Th17 cells. We thus find that Notch signaling influences the development of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 cells by reciprocally regulating IL-23R and IL-10 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein/physiology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Qiao YY, Liu XQ, Xu CQ, Zhang Z, Xu HW. Interleukin-22 ameliorates acute severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5023-32. [PMID: 27275094 PMCID: PMC4886377 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential protective effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-22 (rIL-22) on L-arginine-induced acute severe pancreatitis (SAP)-associated lung injury and the possible signaling pathway involved. METHODS Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with L-arginine to induce SAP. Recombinant mouse IL-22 was then administered subcutaneously to mice. Serum amylase levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue were measured after the L-arginine administration. Histopathology of the pancreas and lung was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xL and IL-22RA1 mRNAs in the lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Serum amylase levels and MPO activity in the lung tissue in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the animals in the SAP group showed significant pancreatic and lung injuries. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNAs in the SAP group was decreased markedly, while the IL-22RA1 mRNA expression was increased significantly relative to the normal control group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with PBS did not significantly affect the serum amylase levels, MPO activity or expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL or IL-22RA1 mRNA (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences in the degrees of pancreatic and lung injuries were observed between the PBS and SAP groups. However, the serum amylase levels and lung tissue MPO activity in the rIL-22 group were significantly lower than those in the SAP group (P < 0.05), and the injuries in the pancreas and lung were also improved. Compared with the PBS group, rIL-22 stimulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and IL-22RA1 mRNAs in the lung (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of p-STAT3 to STAT3 protein in the rIL-22 group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exogenous recombinant IL-22 protects mice against L-arginine-induced SAP-associated lung injury by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptosis genes through the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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115
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Corneth OBJ, Reijmers RM, Mus AMC, Asmawidjaja PS, van Hamburg JP, Papazian N, Siegers JY, Mourcin F, Amin R, Tarte K, Hendriks RW, Cupedo T, Lubberts E. Loss of IL-22 inhibits autoantibody formation in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1404-14. [PMID: 27067635 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 22 (IL-22) expression is associated with increased joint destruction and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IL-22 is considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine, its mechanism of action in RA remains incompletely understood. Here, we used the collagen-induced arthritis model in IL-22 deficient (IL-22(-/-) ) mice to study the role of IL-22 in RA. In spite of normal disease incidence, disease severity is significantly diminished in IL-22(-/-) mice. Moreover, pathogenicity of Th17 cells and development and function of B cells are unaffected. In contrast, splenic plasma cells, as well as serum autoantibody titers, are reduced in the absence of IL-22. At the peak of disease, germinal centers (GCs) are severely reduced in the spleens of IL-22(-/-) mice, correlating with a decline in GC B-cell numbers. Within the GC, we identified IL-22R1 expressing follicular dendritic cell-like stromal cells. Human lymphoid stromal cells respond to IL-22 ex vivo by inducing transcription of CXCL12 and CXCL13. We therefore postulate IL-22 as an important enhancer of the GC reaction, maintaining chemokine levels for the persistence of GC reactions, essential for the production of autoantibody-secreting plasma cells. Blocking IL-22 might therefore prevent immune-complex deposition and destruction of joints in RA patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/genetics
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Interleukins/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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116
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Zhou H, Liu X, Yu R, Long T, Zhao R, Liu H, Xu Y, Liang JG, Liang P. Alternative splicing directs two IL-20R2 isoforms and is responsible for the incomplete gene knockout via the exon I ablation. Genes Immun 2016; 17:220-7. [PMID: 27009487 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two heterodimeric receptors consisting of interleukin (IL)-20R2 are shared by three of the IL-20 family of cytokines, IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24. Along with IL-22, these cytokines are downstream effectors of IL-23 and have been implicated in keratinocyte functions and the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Surprisingly, whereas knocking out either the IL-23 or IL-22 gene abolished imiquimod-induced psoriatic phenotypes in mice, similar attempt for IL-20R2 had little effect. Here, we report that the apparent disparity may result from a new IL-20R2 isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript which survived the previous attempt for IL-20R2 gene knockout via the exon I deletion.
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117
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Chen F, Cao A, Yao S, Evans-Marin HL, Liu H, Wu W, Carlsen ED, Dann SM, Soong L, Sun J, Zhao Q, Cong Y. mTOR Mediates IL-23 Induction of Neutrophil IL-17 and IL-22 Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4390-9. [PMID: 27067005 PMCID: PMC4868807 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown recently that neutrophils are able to produce IL-22 and IL-17, which differentially regulate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, it is still largely unknown how the neutrophil production of IL-22 and IL-17 is regulated, and their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we found that IL-23 promoted neutrophil production of IL-17 and IL-22. IL-23 stimulated the neutrophil expression of IL-23R as well as rorc and ahr. Retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ t and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor differentially regulated IL-23 induction of neutrophil IL-17 and IL-22. In addition, IL-23 induced the activation of mTOR in neutrophils. Blockade of the mTOR pathway inhibited IL-23-induced expression of rorc and ahr, as well as IL-17 and IL-22 production. By using a microbiota Ag-specific T cell-mediated colitis model, we demonstrated that depletion of neutrophils, as well as blockade of IL-22, resulted in a significant increase in the severity of colitis, thereby indicating a protective role of neutrophils and IL-22 in chronic colitis. Collectively, our data revealed that neutrophils negatively regulate microbiota Ag-specific T cell induction of colitis, and IL-23 induces neutrophil production of IL-22 and IL-17 through induction of rorc and ahr, which is mediated by the mTOR pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cecum/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Colon/pathology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Interleukin-23/pharmacology
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Interleukin-22
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118
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Lin Y, Fang J, Zou W, Frankel T. Biological and pathological activities of interleukin-22. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:523-34. [PMID: 26923718 PMCID: PMC4860114 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22, a member of the IL-10 family, is a cytokine secreted by several types of immune cells including IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells (Th22) and IL-22 expressing innate leukocytes (ILC22). Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-22 is a key component in mucosal barrier defense, tissue repair, epithelial cell survival, and proliferation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has defined both protective and pathogenic properties of IL-22 in a number of conditions including autoimmune disease, infection, and malignancy. In this review, we summarize the expression and signaling pathway and functional characteristics of the IL-22 and IL-22 receptor axis in physiological and pathological scenarios and discuss the potential to target IL-22 signaling to treat human diseases.
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119
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de Vor IC, van der Meulen PM, Bekker V, Verhard EM, Breuning MH, Harnisch E, van Tol MJD, Wieringa JW, van de Vosse E, Bredius RGM. Deletion of the entire interferon-γ receptor 1 gene causing complete deficiency in three related patients. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:195-203. [PMID: 26931784 PMCID: PMC4792359 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Complete interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency causing predisposition to severe infection due to intracellular pathogens. Only 36 cases have been reported worldwide. The purpose of this article is to describe a large novel deletion found in 3 related cases, which resulted in the complete removal of the IFNGR1 gene. METHODS Whole blood from three patients was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ to determine production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) and IL-10. Expression of IFN-γR1 on the cell membrane of patients' monocytes was assessed using flow cytometry. IFNGR1 transcript was analyzed in RNA and the gene and adjacent regions were analyzed in DNA. Finally, IL22RA2 transcript levels were analyzed in whole blood cells and dendritic cells. RESULTS There was no expression of the IFN-γR1 on the monocytes. Consistent with this finding, there was no IFN-γ response in the whole blood assay as measured by effect on LPS-induced IL-12p40, TNF and IL-10 production. A 119.227 nt homozygous deletion on chromosome 6q23.3 was identified, removing the IFNGR1 gene completely and ending 117 nt upstream of the transcription start of the IL22RA2 gene. Transcript levels of IL22RA2 were similar in patient and control. CONCLUSIONS We identified the first large genomic deletion of IFNGR1 causing complete IFN-γR1 deficiency. Despite the deletion ending very close to the IL22RA2 gene, it does not appear to affect IL22RA2 transcription and, therefore, may not have any additional clinical consequence.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blood Cells/drug effects
- Blood Cells/immunology
- Blood Cells/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/physiopathology
- Infant
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Opportunistic Infections/genetics
- Opportunistic Infections/immunology
- Opportunistic Infections/physiopathology
- Pedigree
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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120
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Louahchi S, Allam I, Berkani L, Boucharef A, Abdesemed A, Khaldoun N, Nebbab A, Ladjouze A, Djidjik R. Association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL23R and IL17 in rheumatoid arthritis in the Algerian population. ACTA REUMATOLOGICA PORTUGUESA 2016; 41:151-157. [PMID: 27606475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies implicated that IL17/IL23 pathway and TH17 cells play an important role in autoimmune inflammation. Genome wide association studies have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL23R and IL17 genes region associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In this study, we investigated the association of IL23R, IL17A and IL17F genes SNPs with RA susceptibility in the Algerian population. 343 patients with RA and 323 healthy subjects were genotyped for IL23R (rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629), IL17F (rs763780, rs2397084) and IL17A (rs2275913) variants by TaqMan technology. RESULTS There was no evidence of a genetic association between IL23R, IL17F and IL17A SNPs and RA susceptibility in our population. However, IL23R rs1343151 variant enhanced the development of RF IgM and IgG positive (+) RA as compared with RF IgM and IgG negative (-) RA (OR 2.29, p = 0.004 and OR 0.64, p = 0.014 respectively). Also, IL23R rs10489629 was associated with all RF isotypes positive disease (IgM+: OR 2.16, p = 0,006; IgG+: OR 0.64, p = 0,004 and IgA+: OR 1.54, p = 0,013). A moderate association of IL17A rs2275913 with RF IgA- RA subgroup was shown (OR 1.95, p = 0,039). Moreover, our data showed a correlation between IL23R and IL17F variants and the parameters of disease activity such as HAQ score and disease duration. CONCLUSION The current study emphasizes the lack of association of IL23R and IL17 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility in the Algerian population. However, the data showed the relationship between IL23R and IL17A polymorphisms and the production of the different RF isotypes in RA patients.
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121
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Jia Y, Ji KE, Ji J, Hao C, Ye L, Sanders AJ, Jiang WG. IL24 and its Receptors Regulate Growth and Migration of Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Are Potential Biomarkers for IL24 Molecular Therapy. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:1153-1163. [PMID: 26977011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is hard to diagnose and treat due to its asymptomatic development and early metastasis. Supplementary therapy including molecular targeted therapy is needed to improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer. The significance of interleukin 24 (IL24) and its receptors in pancreatic cancer were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out in 200 patient samples of pancreatic cancer. Transcript and protein expression were investigated in pancreatic cancer cells. Impact of IL24 recombinant protein on cell functions was examined. RESULTS High IL20R1 transcript expression was related to early T stage, and advanced N, and M stage. They collectively correlated with the survival of the patients. Treatment with IL24 inhibited cell growth, but its impact on migration varied depending on protein concentration. CONCLUSION IL20R1 correlated with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, and mediates pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. It may be a potential biomarker for IL24 molecular-targeted therapy.
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122
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Martin JC, Bériou G, Heslan M, Bossard C, Jarry A, Abidi A, Hulin P, Ménoret S, Thinard R, Anegon I, Jacqueline C, Lardeux B, Halary F, Renauld JC, Bourreille A, Josien R. IL-22BP is produced by eosinophils in human gut and blocks IL-22 protective actions during colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:539-49. [PMID: 26329427 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), are characterized by high levels of IL-22 production. Rodent studies revealed that this cytokine is protective during colitis but whether this is true in IBDs is unclear. We show here that levels of the soluble inhibitor of IL-22, interleukin 22-binding protein (IL-22BP), are significantly enhanced during IBDs owing to increased numbers of IL-22BP-producing eosinophils, that we unexpectedly identify as the most abundant source of IL-22BP protein in human gut. In addition, using IL-22BP-deficient rats, we confirm that endogenous IL-22BP is effective at blocking protective actions of IL-22 during acute colitis. In conclusion, our study provides new important insights regarding the biology of IL-22 and IL-22BP in the gut and indicates that protective actions of IL-22 are likely to be suboptimal in IBDs thus making IL-22BP a new relevant therapeutic target.
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123
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Behzadi P, Behzadi E, Ranjbar R. IL-12 Family Cytokines: General Characteristics, Pathogenic Microorganisms, Receptors, and Signalling Pathways. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2016; 63:1-25. [PMID: 27020866 DOI: 10.1556/030.63.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among a wide range of cytokines, the Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family has its unique structural, functional, and immunological characteristics that have made this family as important immunological playmakers. Because of the importance of IL-12 heterodimeric cytokines in microbial infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, the authors of this literature discuss about the general characteristics of IL-12 family members, the interactions between IL-12 cytokines and pathogenic microorganisms, the interleukins receptors and their strategies for selecting different signalling pathways. IL-12 and IL-23 are similar in p40 subunits and both are involved in proinflammatory responses while, IL-27 and IL-35 contribute to anti-inflammatory activities; however, IL-27 is also involved in pro-inflammatory responses. There are some similarities and dissimilarities among IL-12 family members which make them a unique bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems. The bioactivities of IL-12 family indicate a brilliant promise for their applications in different fields of medicine. The members of IL-12 family are candidate for several therapeutics including gene therapy, cancer therapy, tumour therapy, and vaccination. To have an accurate diagnostic technique and definite treatment regarding to infectious diseases, the playmakers of IL-12 family as effective criteria together with microarray technology are the best choices for current and future applications.
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124
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Kol A, Walker NJ, Nordstrom M, Borjesson DL. Th17 Pathway As a Target for Multipotent Stromal Cell Therapy in Dogs: Implications for Translational Research. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148568. [PMID: 26872054 PMCID: PMC4752288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detrimental Th17 driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease such as Crohn’s disease, graft versus host disease and multiple sclerosis remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multipotent stromal/stem cell (MSC) inhibit Th17 polarization and activation in vitro and in rodent models. As such, MSC based therapeutic approaches are being investigated as novel therapeutic approaches to treat Th17 driven diseases in humans. The significance of naturally occurring diseases in dogs is increasingly recognized as a realistic platform to conduct pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutics. Full characterization of Th17 cells in dogs has not been completed. We have developed and validated a flow-cytometric method to detect Th17 cells in canine blood. We further demonstrate that Th17 and other IL17 producing cells are present in tissues of dogs with naturally occurring chronic inflammatory diseases. Finally, we have determined the kinetics of a canine specific Th17 polarization in vitro and demonstrate that canine MSC inhibit Th17 polarization in vitro, in a PGE2 independent mechanism. Our findings provide fundamental research tools and suggest that naturally occurring diseases in dogs, such as inflammatory bowel disease, may be harnessed to translate novel MSC based therapeutic strategies that target the Th17 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
- Dermatitis/immunology
- Dermatitis/pathology
- Dermatitis/therapy
- Dermatitis/veterinary
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Dog Diseases/metabolism
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dog Diseases/therapy
- Dogs
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gingivitis/immunology
- Gingivitis/pathology
- Gingivitis/therapy
- Gingivitis/veterinary
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/veterinary
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/pathology
- Meningoencephalitis/therapy
- Meningoencephalitis/veterinary
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, CCR6/genetics
- Receptors, CCR6/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Translational Research, Biomedical/methods
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125
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Zheng M, Horne W, McAleer JP, Pociask D, Eddens T, Good M, Gao B, Kolls JK. Therapeutic Role of Interleukin 22 in Experimental Intra-abdominal Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2016; 84:782-9. [PMID: 26729763 PMCID: PMC4771339 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01268-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is an IL-10-related cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and other immune cells that signals via IL-22 receptor alpha 1 (IL-22Ra1), which is expressed on epithelial tissues, as well as hepatocytes. IL-22 has been shown to have hepatoprotective effects that are mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. However, it is unclear whether IL-22 can directly regulate antimicrobial programs in the liver. To test this hypothesis, hepatocyte-specific IL-22Ra1 knockout (Il22Ra1(Hep-/-)) and Stat3 knockout (Stat3(Hep-/-)) mice were generated and subjected to intra-abdominal infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, which results in liver injury and necrosis. We found that overexpression of IL-22 or therapeutic administration of recombinant IL-22 (rIL-22), given 2 h postinfection, significantly reduced the bacterial burden in both the liver and spleen. The antimicrobial activity of rIL-22 required hepatic Il22Ra1 and Stat3. Serum from rIL-22-treated mice showed potent bacteriostatic activity against K. pneumoniae, which was dependent on lipocalin 2 (LCN2). However, in vivo, rIL-22-induced antimicrobial activity was only partially reduced in LCN2-deficient mice. We found that rIL-22 also induced serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) and that SAA2 had anti-K. pneumoniae bactericidal activity in vitro. These results demonstrate that IL-22, through IL-22Ra1 and STAT3 singling, can induce intrinsic antimicrobial activity in the liver, which is due in part to LCN2 and SAA2. Therefore, IL-22 may be a useful adjunct in treating hepatic and intra-abdominal infections.
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