1351
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Andresen MC, Yang M. Interaction among unitary spike trains: implications for whole nerve measurements. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 256:R997-1004. [PMID: 2539760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.4.r997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interaction among action potential trains was examined in electroneurograms (ENGs) from filaments containing several fibers. In an in vitro preparation, increasing aortic pressure generated trains of action potentials (spikes) from regularly discharging aortic baroreceptors. Multifiber records were electronically sorted, and spikes from each separate baroreceptor were identified. "True" discharge rates, measured as the instantaneous frequency of the sorted records, were compared with the results of three quantitation approaches commonly used for multifiber or whole nerve activity in mass ENGs: "spike" counts per unit time, ENG voltage integration, and normalizations of counts or integration. Even in ENGs containing only two active baroreceptors, numerous interactions of the two spike trains occurred. Of 33 paired recordings (66 baroreceptors), 77.3% of the individual baroreceptors had spike trains that could not be clearly discriminated because of interactions with signals from other baroreceptors. Virtually all baroreceptors (96.3%) in nine three-fiber ENGs (27 baroreceptors) showed evidence of missed spikes. Corrected or true spike rates were always greater than activity rates measured by simple counting. Similarity of discharge frequencies in the different baroreceptors was the most important determinant of the rate of voltage signal interaction. Simple count or integration methods underestimated slopes of pressure-response curves and peak activity values by 20-40% compared with sorted instantaneous frequency. Not all coincidence of action potentials in the ENG resulted in simple additions of peak voltages. We conclude that simple counting and integrative techniques substantially underestimate multifiber nerve activity and such quantitation techniques should be used cautiously, particularly in experimental comparisons across groups of animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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1352
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Xu CJ, Wan DG, Yang M. [A study on traditional processing methods using drug juice]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1989; 14:22-5, 63. [PMID: 2504201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The traditional processing with drug juice has a long history, rich contents, rigid regularities and a variety of method. It is one of the important processing methods in Chinese medicine. To systematize and make better use of the traditional methods of processing drug juices, this paper has conducted an investigation from such angles as historical background, approximate rules of composing and clinical application.
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1353
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Pon LA, Vestweber D, Yang M, Schatz G. Interaction between mitochondria and the nucleus. JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE. SUPPLEMENT 1989; 11:1-11. [PMID: 2693455 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.1989.supplement_11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genome is in part mediated by proteins (and possibly also RNAs) which are encoded in the nucleus and imported into mitochondria. We are beginning to understand how proteins can penetrate across both mitochondrial membranes and how some of these proteins can regulate the expression of specific mitochondrial genes.
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1354
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Yang M, Jensen RE, Yaffe MP, Oppliger W, Schatz G. Import of proteins into yeast mitochondria: the purified matrix processing protease contains two subunits which are encoded by the nuclear MAS1 and MAS2 genes. EMBO J 1988; 7:3857-62. [PMID: 2905264 PMCID: PMC454964 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have purified the metalloprotease which is localized in the soluble matrix space of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria and cleaves the amino-terminal matrix-targeting sequences from imported mitochondrial precursor proteins. The enzyme consists of two loosely associated non-identical subunits of mol. wt 48,000 and 51,000, respectively. Attempts to separate the two subunits from each other caused loss of activity. The smaller subunit had been identified as the product of the nuclear MAS1 gene (Witte et al., 1988). The larger subunit is now identified as the product of the nuclear MAS2 gene.
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1355
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Henner DJ, Yang M, Chen E, Hellmiss R, Rodriguez H, Low MG. Sequence of the Bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:10383. [PMID: 3194218 PMCID: PMC338883 DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.21.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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1356
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Henner DJ, Yang M, Ferrari E. Localization of Bacillus subtilis sacU(Hy) mutations to two linked genes with similarities to the conserved procaryotic family of two-component signalling systems. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:5102-9. [PMID: 3141378 PMCID: PMC211577 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5102-5109.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the sacU region have a pleiotropic phenotype. Certain mutations designated sacU(Hy), for example, express degradative enzymes at high levels, are able to sporulate in the presence of glucose, have severely reduced transformation efficiencies, and are nonmotile. We isolated and sequenced the sacU gene region of Bacillus subtilis. Two open reading frames were found in the sacU region, and sacU(Hy) mutations were localized to both of these open reading frames. The two open reading frames have similarities to two widespread families of proteins that mediate responses to environmental stimuli.
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1357
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Abstract
A high-frequency switching system is demonstrated to exist in Dictyostelium discoideum. Switch phenotypes are distinguished by colony morphology and include changes in developmental timing as well as blocks in morphogenesis. The switching system exhibits the following characteristics: (1) a "low" spontaneous frequency of switching (approximately 10(-2] in the parent strain; (2) stimulation of the basal level of switching roughly fivefold with low doses of ultraviolet light; (3) "high" spontaneous frequencies of switching (as high as 10(-1] in particular variant strains; (4) high spontaneous frequencies of interconvertibility between variant phenotypes; (5) high spontaneous frequencies of reversion to the wild-type phenotype; (6) a set of reproducible switch phenotypes; (7) heritability of switch phenotypes; and (8) a rough correlation between switch phenotype and switching frequency. The extraordinary similarity between the switching systems in D. discoideum and Candida albicans is discussed.
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1358
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Pillion DJ, Yang M, Grizzle WE. Distribution of receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C) in the adrenal gland. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 154:138-45. [PMID: 2969238 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(88)90661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rat adrenal glands contain cell surface high-affinity receptors for several peptide hormones. Receptors for IGF-I were abundant in this tissue, but receptors for insulin were relatively scarce. The behavior of adrenal membrane IGF-I receptors in radioligand binding assays was similar to the behavior of IGF-I receptors from other tissues, with a KD congruent to 6.2 x 10(-9) M. Covalent cross-linking studies with [125I]IGF-I revealed an IGF-I receptor alpha-subunit with Mr congruent to 135,000 on dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, as well as a smaller radiolabeled peptide, Mr = 116,000. In contrast, little binding of [125I]insulin to adrenal membranes was observed and no labeling occurred in cross-linking studies using [125I]insulin. These results contrast with the findings of whole-body autoradiographic studies that indicated substantial binding of [125I]insulin to adrenal glands and suggest that IGF-I, rather than insulin, may play a critical role in the growth and development of the adrenal gland.
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1359
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Abstract
A method is described for calculating age-related centiles which makes no assumption about the nature of the distribution of the measurement at a fixed age.
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1360
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Zhang YF, Zhang ZS, Yang M. [Factors influencing 5-year survival and 6-month mortality after resection of lung cancer]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1987; 25:583-5, 613. [PMID: 3449340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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1361
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Yang M, Yang Y. [Logit analysis for comparison of treatment effects of categorical data]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1987; 18:153-6. [PMID: 3623541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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1362
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Yang M, Reilly J. A reflectron mass spectrometer with UV laser-induced surface ionization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(87)83055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1363
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Yang M, Shimotsu H, Ferrari E, Henner DJ. Characterization and mapping of the Bacillus subtilis prtR gene. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:434-7. [PMID: 3098734 PMCID: PMC211789 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.1.434-437.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A gene from Bacillus natto encoding a 60-amino-acid peptide has been previously described that, when cloned on a high-copy plasmid in B. subtilis, enhances production of alkaline protease, neutral protease, and levansucrase. An identical gene was isolated from B. subtilis and caused a similar phenotype when placed on a high-copy plasmid. Genetic mapping localized this gene near metB, distant from other pleiotropic genes causing similar effects. Deletion of this gene from the B. subtilis chromosome had no obvious phenotypic effect.
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1364
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Rabow L, DeSalles AF, Becker DP, Yang M, Kontos HA, Ward JD, Moulton RJ, Clifton G, Gruemer HD, Muizelaar JP. CSF brain creatine kinase levels and lactic acidosis in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1986; 65:625-9. [PMID: 3772449 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1986.65.5.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The posttraumatic creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme (CKBB) activity and lactate concentration in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been studied in 29 patients with severe head injuries. The CKBB activity reaches its maximum a few hours after trauma, and has a monoexponential drop with a half-time of approximately 10 hours. Ventricular CSF lactate concentration continues to rise in patients with a poor outcome, and decreases only slowly and inconsistently in most of the other patients. Thus, increase of lactate in the ventricular CSF is not, like CKBB, a direct one-stage consequence of the trauma but is due to continuous production from a derangement of metabolism caused by the trauma. Since even higher ventricular CSF lactate levels can be survived when not caused by head injury, and since no significant pH changes were related to the ventricular CSF lactic acidosis in these artificially ventilated patients, it is concluded that ventricular CSF lactic acidosis is indicative of a severe, although not necessarily intractable, disturbance of brain function associated with intracellular lactate production and acidosis.
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1365
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Yang M, Ferrari E, Chen E, Henner DJ. Identification of the pleiotropic sacQ gene of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1986; 166:113-9. [PMID: 3007431 PMCID: PMC214565 DOI: 10.1128/jb.166.1.113-119.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sacQ gene of Bacillus subtilis, a pleiotropic gene affecting the expression of a number of secreted gene products, has been identified as a small 46-amino-acid polypeptide. The increased expression of this polypeptide in strains carrying the sacQ36 allele, or in strains carrying the sacQ gene on a high copy plasmid, appears to be responsible for the phenotype of higher levels of proteases seen in these strains. A deletion of the sacQ gene had no apparent phenotype, indicating that it is not an essential gene.
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1366
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Wang Y, Cheng MC, Lin LC, Koh VC, Yang M. Structure of 3-benzylidenephthalide, C15H10O2. Acta Crystallogr C 1985. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270185006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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1367
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Yang M. [A method of dissecting mixed samples for estimating the normal value in medicine]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 1983; 17:275-9. [PMID: 6675965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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1368
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Ottinger C, Reichmuth J, Yang M. Luminescent charge transfer of ground-state and metastable B+ ions. Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(83)85050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1369
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Xu Y, Liu J, Yang M. [A study of the prenatal growth and development of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)]. SICHUAN YI XUE YUAN XUE BAO = ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SICHUAN 1983; 14:1-7. [PMID: 6573027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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1370
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Yang M, Galizzi A, Henner D. Nucleotide sequence of the amylase gene from Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic Acids Res 1983; 11:237-49. [PMID: 6186986 PMCID: PMC325711 DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene coding for amylase (EC.3.2.1.1) has been isolated and sequenced from Bacillus subtilis by cloning in lambda Charon4A and pBR322. The entire coding sequence and large preceding and following regions, comprising the presumed transcriptional and translational regulatory regions, were sequenced. The coding sequence shows a large open reading frame with a translated molecular weight of 72,800 and a presumed signal sequence of approximately thirty-two amino acids. When the intact gene is present in Escherichia coli, it confers the ability to degrade starch, indicating that the gene is expressed in a functional state.
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1371
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Sargent TD, Jagodzinski LL, Yang M, Bonner J. Fine structure and evolution of the rat serum albumin gene. Mol Cell Biol 1981; 1:871-83. [PMID: 6287210 PMCID: PMC369375 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.1.10.871-883.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The exons, their boundaries, and approximately half of the intronic deoxyribonucleic acid of the rat serum albumin gene were sequenced. In addition to the 14 exons identified earlier by R-loop analysis, a small exon was detected between the "leader" exon (Z) and exon B. The leader exon encoded the 5'-untranslated portion of albumin messenger ribonucleic acid and the "pre-pro" oligopeptide present on the nascent protein. The sites of initiation and termination of transcription were tentatively identified by comparison of the 5' and 3' gene-flanking sequences with those of other eucaryotic genes. All 28 intron/exon junctions conformed to the "GT-AG rule" (Breathnach et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 75:4853-4857, 1978). The three homologous domains of albumin were encoded by three subgenes that consisted of four exons each and evolved by intragenic duplication of a common ancestor. The second and forth exons of each subgene appeared to be the result of an even earlier duplication event. We propose a model for the evolution of this gene that accounts for the observed patterns of exon size and homology.
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1372
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Jagodzinski LL, Sargent TD, Yang M, Glackin C, Bonner J. Sequence homology between RNAs encoding rat alpha-fetoprotein and rat serum albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:3521-5. [PMID: 6167988 PMCID: PMC319601 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have determined the sequences of the recombinant DNA inserts of three bacterial plasmid cDNA clones containing most of the rat alpha a-fetoprotein mRNA. The resultant nucleotide sequence of alpha-fetoprotein was exhaustively compared to the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding rat serum albumin. These two mRNAs have extensive homology (50%) throughout and the same intron locations. The amino acid sequence of rat alpha-fetoprotein has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence, and its comparison to rat serum albumin's amino acid sequence reveals a 34% homology. The regularly spaced positions of the cysteines found in serum albumin are conserved in rat alpha-fetoprotein, indicating that these two proteins may have a similar secondary folding structure. These homologies indicate that alpha-fetoprotein and serum albumin were derived by duplication of a common ancestral gene and constitute a gene family.
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1373
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Awazawa Y, Hayashi K, Nishimoto H, Tobari H, Yang M. On the entire aspect of the enamel lamella in human tooth enamel examined by parallel grinding close to its location. BULLETIN DU GROUPEMENT INTERNATIONAL POUR LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE EN STOMATOLOGIE & ODONTOLOGIE 1981; 24:11-25. [PMID: 7030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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1374
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Sargent TD, Yang M, Bonner J. Nucleotide sequence of cloned rat serum albumin messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:243-6. [PMID: 7017712 PMCID: PMC319028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the recombinant DNA inserts of three bacterial plasmid clones containing nearly all of the rat serum albumin mRNA have been determined. A statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals a pattern of repeated internal homology that confirms the "intragenic triplication" model of albumin evolution.
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1375
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Pang PK, Yang M, Oguro C, Phillips JG, Yee JA. Hypotensive actions of parathyroid hormone preparations in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 41:135-8. [PMID: 6967035 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(80)90043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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