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Bain AR, Barak OF, Hoiland RL, Drvis I, Bailey DM, Dujic Z, Mijacika T, Santoro A, DeMasi DK, MacLeod DB, Ainslie PN. Forced vital capacity and not central chemoreflex predicts maximal hyperoxic breath-hold duration in elite apneists. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 242:8-11. [PMID: 28288844 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The determining mechanisms of a maximal hyperoxic apnea duration in elite apneists have remained unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that maximal hyperoxic apnea duration in elite apneists is related to forced vital capacity (FVC) but not the central chemoreflex (for CO2). Eleven elite apneists performed a maximal dry static-apnea with prior hyperoxic (100% oxygen) pre-breathing, and a central chemoreflex test via a hyperoxic re-breathing technique (hyperoxic-hypercapnic ventilatory response: HCVR); expressed as the increase in ventilation (pneumotachometry) per increase in arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2; radial artery). FVC was assessed using standard spirometry. Maximal apnea duration ranged from 807 to 1262s (mean=1034s). Average HCVR was 2.0±1.2Lmin-1mmHg-1 PaCO2. The hyperoxic apnea duration was related to the FVC (r2=0.45, p<0.05), but not the HCVR (r2<0.01, p>0.05). These findings were interpreted to suggest that during a hyperoxic apnea, a larger initial lung volume prolongs the time before reaching intolerable discomfort associated with pending lung squeeze, while CO2 sensitivity has little impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Bain
- Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Colorado University, Boulder, United States.
| | - Otto F Barak
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan Drvis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Sripornsawan P, Okamoto Y, Nishikawa T, Kodama Y, Yamaki Y, Kurauchi K, Tanabe T, Nakagawa S, Shinkoda Y, Imuta N, Kawano Y. Gene expression ratio as a predictive determinant of nelarabine chemosensitivity in T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:250-253. [PMID: 27576612 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nelarabine has been used for the treatment of T-cell malignancies including T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. However, the mechanisms that underlie the susceptibility or resistance to nelarabine have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of nelarabine transport and metabolism in the context of nelarabine cytotoxicity. PROCEDURE The expression profiles of six genes in the nelarabine pathway were analyzed in blast cells from six patients with T-ALL as well as in three T-ALL cell lines. In vitro cytotoxicity (LC50 of 9-β-d-arabinofuranosylguanine [ara-G]) was evaluated. RESULTS The mRNA expression of ENT1, DCK, CDA, NT5C2, RRM1, and RRM2 in patients showed inter-individual variability and was not correlated with the LC50 of ara-G. However, the ratio of (ENT1 × DCK)/(CDA × RRM1) expression was significantly correlated with LC50 (r = -0.831, P = 0.0405). CONCLUSIONS Chemosensitivity to nelarabine is influenced by the balance of the expression of these four genes, and the ratio of their expression predicts the response of T-cell malignancies to nelarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpun Sripornsawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuni Yamaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kurauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shinkoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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253
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Simon A, Kourie HR, Kerger J. Is there still a role for cytotoxic chemotherapy after targeted therapy and immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma? A case report and literature review. Chin J Cancer. 2017;36:10. [PMID: 28086948 PMCID: PMC5237156 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma has long been considered to have a very poor prognosis and to be chemo-resistant. However, a subgroup of patients with metastatic melanoma presents remarkable responses to chemotherapeutic agents, even in the absence of a response to modern targeted therapies and immunotherapies; accordingly, determining predictive biomarkers of the response to chemotherapies for metastatic melanoma remains a priority to guide treatment in these patients. We report a case study of a patient with B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase-mutated metastatic melanoma harbouring many genetic mutations. The patient did not respond to prior targeted therapies or immunotherapies but experienced a dramatic objective radiological and clinical response to subsequent dacarbazine-based chemotherapy. In the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, cytotoxic chemotherapies may still represent an interesting therapeutic weapon in a well-defined subgroup of patients presenting with specific genetic and molecular features.
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254
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Kwon WS, Rha SY, Jeung HC, Ahn JB, Jung JJ, Ki DH, Kim TS, Chung HC. ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant enhances chemosensitivity to anti-cancer agents acting on microtubule dynamics through LAMP1 inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 123:73-84. [PMID: 27832934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ABCB1 associated with single nucleotide variants in cancers was reported to encode a protein responsible for drug resistance. We studied chemosensitivity-related genes associated with ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant. The associated genes were identified based on the results of the significance analysis of microarray, and then prediction accuracy was evaluated using the prediction analysis of microarray. Functional assay of the selected gene was performed by using siRNA and drug accumulation study. A higher frequency of chemoresistance to microtubule-modulating agents was found in cell lines with wild-type ABCB1 compared to cell lines with 2677G>T/A ABCB1 variant. Based on the pharmacogenetic association study with 2677 variant, we identified seven genes that could predict chemosensitivity to microtubule dynamics modulators. The classification accuracy with these seven genes was 90.0%, and the predicted probability was 0.73. LAMP1 was the only gene that was commonly related to chemosensitivity. LAMP1 expression levels were relatively higher in chemoresistant ABCB1 wild-type compared to chemosensitive polymorphic cells. But, there was no difference in ABCB1 expression levels between the two groups. Following LAMP1 siRNA, chemosensitivity was restored due to increased intracellular drug accumulation in wild type cell line. In conclusion, ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant enhances chemosensitivity on microtubule dynamics through LAMP1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sun Kwon
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Ki
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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255
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Li H, Lu Y, Pang Y, Li M, Cheng X, Chen J. Propofol enhances the cisplatin-induced apoptosis on cervical cancer cells via EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:324-333. [PMID: 28011380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to evaluate propofol and its combined effect with cisplatin on apoptosis of cervical cancer cells and molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon. METHODS The effects of propofol and cisplatin on cell viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry assay. Besides, protein expression of EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway was determined by western blot. STAT3 was over-expressed in cervical cancer cells by STAT3 cDNA. Expression of EGFR and STAT3 protein of human tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that not only propofol alone could inhibit cervical cancer cells viability but also could increase the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on cervical cancer cells growth. Meanwhile, propofol sensitized cervical cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis but not affected normal cervical cells. In genetic level, propofol could enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin through EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Further studies indicated that overexpression of EGFR and STAT3 is related to poor prognoses in cervical cancer patients, which contributed to confirm the clinical role of combined application of propofol and cisplatin. CONCLUSION Propofol enhances the cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis cervical cancer cells via EGFR/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent to treat cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Davidson BA, Foote J, Brower SL, Tian C, Havrilesky LJ, Secord AA. Analysis of in vitro chemoresponse assays in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma: an observational ancillary analysis. Gynecol Oncol Res Pract 2016; 3:13. [PMID: 27980799 PMCID: PMC5134103 DOI: 10.1186/s40661-016-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy plays a role in the treatment of endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC); however, tumor grade may affect response. Our objective was to evaluate associations between tumor grade and in vitro chemoresponse. Methods We conducted an analysis of primary tumor samples from women with EEC undergoing in vitro chemoresponse testing. Results were classified as sensitive (S), intermediate (I), or resistant (R) to each drug tested. Correlations between tumor grade and response were examined. Results Data was collected from 159 patients: 28 with grade 1 (18%), 52 with grade 2 (32%), and 79 (50%) with grade 3 tumors. Median age of patients was 62 (range 31–92). Most patients were Caucasian (83%) with advanced disease (Stage III: 50.9%; Stage IV: 13.2%). Overall chemoresponse was similar across all grades. Fifty percent, 56 and 51% for grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively, demonstrated S results to at least 1 agent. There was no association between grade and in vitro response to chemotherapy agents (p > 0.05) except a marginal association between grade and doxorubicin response (p = 0.08). Grade 1 and 2 cancers were more likely to demonstrate R results for doxorubicin compared to grade 3 cancers (G1: 19% vs G2: 25% vs G3: 8%; p = 0.08). In a subset tested for all 7 agents, only one patient tumor was pan-R and 4 were pan-S. Conclusions Based on our data, grades 1–3 EEC have similar in vitro chemoresponse. These findings suggest that chemotherapy may be useful in advanced low grade EECs, but further clinical correlation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Davidson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, DUMC Box 3079, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Jonathan Foote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, DUMC Box 3079, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Stacey L Brower
- Product Development, Helomics Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chunqiao Tian
- Product Development, Helomics Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Laura J Havrilesky
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, DUMC Box 3079, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, DUMC Box 3079, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Yang F, Luo LJ, Zhang L, Wang DD, Yang SJ, Ding L, Li J, Chen D, Ma R, Wu JZ, Tang JH. MiR-346 promotes the biological function of breast cancer cells by targeting SRCIN1 and reduces chemosensitivity to docetaxel. Gene 2016; 600:21-28. [PMID: 27913185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that play pivotal roles at the post-transcriptional level in the biological function of various cancers, including breast cancer. In our study, miR-346 mimic, inhibitor, negative control or si-SRCIN1 were transfected into MCF-7 and MCF-7/Doc cells, respectively. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure miR-346 and SRCIN1 mRNA expressions and western blot was used to detect the expression of SRCIN1 in protein level. CCK-8 and colony formation were employed to verify cell viability and proliferation. Flow cytometry showed the apoptosis. Transwell was performed to detect migration and invasion. The luciferase reporter assay data showed the target correlation of miR-346 and SRCIN1. Firstly, we found that the expression of miR-346 was higher in breast cancer tissues than in their paired corresponding non-cancerous tissues and there was significant inversed correlation between miR-346 and SRCIN1. Overexpression of miR-346 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and reduced apoptosis, sensitivity to Docetaxel (Doc). SRCIN1 was identified as a direct target of miR-346, whose silencing promoted cell proliferation and the IC50 of Doc. Moreover, SRCIN1 silencing reduced the effect of miR-346 down-expression. Taken together, miR-346 may function as an oncogenic miRNA and mediate chemosensitivity to docetaxel through targeting SRCIN1 in breast cancer, targeted modulation of miR-346 expression may became a potential strategy for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Long-Ji Luo
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Ding
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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258
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Vishnubalaji R, Yue S, Alfayez M, Kassem M, Liu FF, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induces growth suppression and enhances chemosensitivity of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27708551 PMCID: PMC5043592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on global gene expression has revealed multiple dysregulated signalling pathways associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. However, the role of BMP2 signaling in CRC is not fully characterised. METHODS Bioinformatics data analysis were conducted on the GSE21510 dataset. Leniviral technology was utilized to stably express BMP2 in the HCT116 CRC model. Gene expression profiling was conducted using Agilent microarray platform while data normalization and bioinformatics were conducted using GeneSpring software. Changes in gene expression were assessed using qRT-PCR. AlamarBlue assay was used to assess cell viability in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted using SCID mice. RESULTS Our data revealed frequent downregulation of BMP2 in primary CRC tissues. Additionally, interrogation of publically available gene expression datasets revealed significant downregulation of BMP2 in metastatic recurrent compared to non-metastatic cancer (p = 0.02). Global gene expression analysis in CRC cells over-expressing BMP2 revealed multiple dysregulated pathways mostly affecting cell cycle and DNA damage response. Concordantly, lentiviral-mediated re-expression of BMP2 inhibited HCT116 CRC growth, sphere formation, clonogenic potential, cell migration, and sensitized CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Additionally, BMP2 inhibited CRC tumor formation in SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed an inhibitory role for BMP2 in CRC, suggesting that restoration of BMP2 expression could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shijun Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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259
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Wang P, Li Z, Liu H, Zhou D, Fu A, Zhang E. MicroRNA-126 increases chemosensitivity in drug-resistant gastric cancer cells by targeting EZH2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:91-6. [PMID: 27622325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic insensitivity is a significant barrier for effective treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critically involved in drug resistance. Here, by a large-scale screen, we noticed low expression of miR-126 in the drug-resistant GC cell lines SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR compared with their parental cell line SGC7901. Ectopic expression of miR-126 increased sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR cells to vincristine (VCR) and adriamycin (ADR). Mechanistically, Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) was identified as a direct target of miR-126. Genetic silencing of EZH2 mirrored the effects of miR-126 in drug resistance, and restoration of EZH2 blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-126 on GC. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-126 is a tumor suppressor by sensitizing GC cells to chemotherapy and provide a potential therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Ziqiu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Rushan City, Rushan, Shandong 264500, PR China
| | - Haide Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Aiqin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China
| | - Enning Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
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Ito T, Matsubara D, Tanaka I, Makiya K, Tanei ZI, Kumagai Y, Shiu SJ, Nakaoka HJ, Ishikawa S, Isagawa T, Morikawa T, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Goto Y, Nakano T, Tsuchiya T, Tsubochi H, Komura D, Aburatani H, Dobashi Y, Nakajima J, Endo S, Fukayama M, Sekido Y, Niki T, Murakami Y. Loss of YAP1 defines neuroendocrine differentiation of lung tumors. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1527-1538. [PMID: 27418196 PMCID: PMC5084673 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1, the main Hippo pathway effector, is a potent oncogene and is overexpressed in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the YAP1 expression pattern in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not yet been elucidated in detail. We report that the loss of YAP1 is a special feature of high‐grade neuroendocrine lung tumors. A hierarchical cluster analysis of 15 high‐grade neuroendocrine tumor cell lines containing 14 SCLC cell lines that depended on the genes of Hippo pathway molecules and neuroendocrine markers clearly classified these lines into two groups: the YAP1‐negative and neuroendocrine marker‐positive group (n = 11), and the YAP1‐positive and neuroendocrine marker‐negative group (n = 4). Among the 41 NSCLC cell lines examined, the loss of YAP1 was only observed in one cell line showing the strong expression of neuroendocrine markers. Immunostaining for YAP1, using the sections of 189 NSCLC, 41 SCLC, and 30 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) cases, revealed that the loss of YAP1 was common in SCLC (40/41, 98%) and LCNEC (18/30, 60%), but was rare in NSCLC (6/189, 3%). Among the SCLC and LCNEC cases tested, the loss of YAP1 correlated with the expression of neuroendocrine markers, and a survival analysis revealed that YAP1‐negative cases were more chemosensitive than YAP1‐positive cases. Chemosensitivity test for cisplatin using YAP1‐positive/YAP1‐negative SCLC cell lines also showed compatible results. YAP1‐sh‐mediated knockdown induced the neuroendocrine marker RAB3a, which suggested the possible involvement of YAP1 in the regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation. Thus, we showed that the loss of YAP1 has potential as a clinical marker for predicting neuroendocrine features and chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ito
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanae Makiya
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zen-Ichi Tanei
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kumagai
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu-Jen Shiu
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki J Nakaoka
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Tsubochi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Endo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang B, Wang J, Liu W, Yin Y, Qian D, Zhang H, Shi B, Li C, Zhu J, Zhang L, Gao L, Wang C. Cytokeratin 18 knockdown decreases cell migration and increases chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2479-87. [PMID: 27601168 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is a structural protein that is normally expressed in many single-layer epithelia. Previous studies have indicated that aberrant CK18 expression is associated with cancer progression. However, the functions of CK18 in lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the roles of CK18 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS CK18 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a lung cancer tissue microarray containing 129 cancer samples, and correlations between CK18 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. We then studied the effects of CK18 knockdown on cell motility and chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells. RESULTS High CK18 expression was detected in 101/129 (78.3 %) lung cancers. CK18 expression was significantly correlated to clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, the number of pathologically positive lymph nodes and recurrence and metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CK18 was a prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.016) and disease-free survival (P = 0.014). In addition, CK18 knockdown decreased cell migration and enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CK18 plays an important role in lung cancer progression and may be a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Zhen N, Yang Q, Zheng K, Han Z, Sun F, Mei W, Yu Y. MiroRNA-127-3p targets XRCC3 to enhance the chemosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to a novel phenanthroline-dione derivative. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:158-67. [PMID: 27590853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with 18-22 nucleotides in length and have been proposed to function in various biological processes by targeting genes for post-transcriptional degradation via their 3' untranslated region. Moreover, they have been suggested to improve the chemosensitivity in a panel of tumors. However, the biological functions of microRNA-127-3p in esophageal carcinogenesis are still enigmatic. Thus, in the study, we firstly analyzed the roles of microRNA-127-3p in regulating the growth of esophageal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Afterwards, using the microRNA-targeted gene prediction software and the dual-luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that microRNA-127-3p specifically reduced the expression of X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 3, one of RAD51 recombinase paralogs, at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, using the homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end joining repair reporter systems, we found that microRNA-127-3p specifically compromised the homologous recombination repair and significantly increased DNA double strand breaks in cells. Besides, it statistically increased the chemosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to a novel phenanthroline-dione derivative in vivo by mechanistically impairing the recruitment of RAD51 to the damage sites. In summary, our findings not only suggest that microRNA-127-3p can be used as a predictor for evaluating the development of esophageal carcinoma, but also show that it can be used to increase the chemosensitivity of esophageal cancer patients to the phenanthroline-dione derivative, which might be a potential anticancer candidate in the future.
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263
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Droeser RA, Mechera R, Däster S, Weixler B, Kraljević M, Delko T, Güth U, Stadlmann S, Terracciano L, Singer G. MPO density in primary cancer biopsies of ovarian carcinoma enhances the indicative value of IL-17 for chemosensitivity. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:639. [PMID: 27531373 PMCID: PMC4988007 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer of the ovary is mostly discovered at a late stage and cannot be removed by surgery alone. Therefore surgery is usually followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, few reliable biomarkers exist to predict response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. Previously, we could demonstrate that IL-17 density is indicative for chemosensitivity. This study focuses on the predictive value of myeloperoxidase (MPO) concerning response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. METHODS Biopsies of mostly high-grade primary serous ovarian carcinomas and their matched recurrences were stained with MPO after fixation in formalin and embedding in paraffin. For this staining the technique of tissue-microarray was used. Recurrence within 6 months of the completion of platinum-based chemotherapy was defined as chemoresistance as previously publised. Data for MPO could be analyzed in 92 biopsies. RESULTS MPO and IL-17 positive immune cells correlated significantly in biopsies of primary and recurrent carcinomas (r s = 0.41; p = 0.004 and r s = 0.40; p = 0.007, respectively). MPO expression alone did not predict response to chemotherapy, but in multivariate cox regression analysis including age, residual disease, number of chemotherapy cycles, FIGO classification and combined categorized MPO and IL-17 cell densities of primary cancer biopsies, the combination of both immune markers was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (p = 0.013, HR = .23, 95CI = 0.07-0.73). There was no chemoresistant patient in the subgroup of MPO + IL-17+, neither in primary nor in recurrent cancer biopsies. CONCLUSIONS High MPO positive cell density enhances the indicative value of IL-17 for response to chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma. Although, these results have to be validated in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute for Surgical Research and Hospital Management ICFS, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Kraljević
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Güth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Stadlmann
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gad Singer
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Ai J, Li W, Zeng R, Xie Z, Liu H, Hou M, Tan G. Blockage of SSRP1/Ets-1/Pim-3 signalling enhances chemosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to docetaxel in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1022-1031. [PMID: 27525970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer in most parts of the world, but is prevalent in South China area. Besides, therapeutic outcome is still unsatisfactory for patients with refractory and relapsed NPC, even though receiving a second line of docetaxel-based chemotherapy. These reasons require a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis, malignancy and chemoresistance. In the basis of our previous finding of SSRP1 over-expression in NPC cell lines, this study continuously discovered up-regulated Ets-1, phosphor-Ets-1 and Pim-3 in NPC tissues with immunohistochemistry assay and revealed a close correlation of these up-regulated proteins with NPC proliferation and invasion. Using gene-silencing technology followed by western blot and immunocytochemistry detections, SSRP1 was found to facilitate the translocation of phosphor-Ets-1 from cytoplasm to cell nucleus, but have marginal effect on Ets-1 expression and phosphorylation. Pim-3 was positively regulated by Ets-1. In NPC HNE-1 cells, all SSRP1, Ets-1 and Pim-3 knockdown diminished the cell proliferation, enhanced the apoptosis, as well as inhibited the autophagy, invasion and clonogenicity in the presence or absence of docetaxel at IC25. Exposure of HNE-1 cells to docetaxel (IC25) alone had modest effect on cell proliferation and autophagy, and was not as effective as docetaxel treatment after knockdown of SSRP1, Ets-1 or Pim-3 on induction of the apoptosis and on inhibition of the invasion and clonogenicity. Our data indicate that SSRP1/Ets-1/Pim-3 signalling is tightly associated with the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion and clonogenicity of NPC cells, and blockage of this signalling facilitates chemosensitivity of the cells to docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Ai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ruifang Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zuozhong Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Minghua Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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McKay JAA, McCulloch CL, Querido JS, Foster GE, Koehle MS, Sheel AW. The effect of consistent practice of yogic breathing exercises on the human cardiorespiratory system. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 233:41-51. [PMID: 27453559 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular effects of two common yogic breathing exercises (YBE): bhastrika and chaturbhuj; and to determine the effect of their consistent practice on chemosensitivity. The first study was cross-sectional and compared experienced yogic breathers (YB) with matched controls; whereas the second was a 10-week longitudinal training study. The results support four major findings. First chaturbhuj resulted in a hypoxic stimulus in experienced YB compared to control [end-tidal oxygen tension (PETO2), YB: 77.5±5.7mmHg, P<0.05; control: 94.3±12.0mmHg]. Second, performance of chaturbhuj resulted in cyclic oscillations of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) consistent with the phases of respiration. Third, post training, performance of bhastrika reduced PETO2 (end breath-hold: 90.8 8±12.1mmHg) compared to rest (100.1±7.4, P<0.05); it also resulted in significantly increased MAP at end breath-hold (96.7±13.0mmHg) compared to rest (83.0±6.6mmHg, P<0.05) and significantly increased mean MCAv (end breath-hold: 87.4±23.0cm/s, P<0.05; rest: 55.8±26.3cm/s). Fourth, experienced YB had lower central chemosensitivity than controls (YB: 3.4±0.4; control: 4.6±1.2L/min/mmHg; P<0.05). In conclusion, YBE significantly alter end-tidal gases, resulting in complex oscillations of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular variables, and if practiced consistently, may reduce chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A A McKay
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cara L McCulloch
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jordan S Querido
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glen E Foster
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A William Sheel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Zena LA, Fonseca EM, Santin JM, Porto L, Gargaglioni LH, Bícego KC, Hartzler LK. Effect of temperature on chemosensitive locus coeruleus neurons of savannah monitor lizards, Varanus exanthematicus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:2856-2864. [PMID: 27401762 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) are unusual among ectothermic vertebrates in maintaining arterial pH nearly constant during changes in body temperature in contrast to the typical α-stat regulating strategy of most other ectotherms. Given the importance of pH in the control of ventilation, we examined the CO2/H+ sensitivity of neurons from the locus coeruleus (LC) region of monitor lizard brainstems. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to record membrane voltage in LC neurons in brainstem slices. Artificial cerebral spinal fluid equilibrated with 80% O2, 0.0-10.0% CO2, balance N2, was superfused across brainstem slices. Changes in firing rate of LC neurons were calculated from action potential recordings to quantify the chemosensitive response to hypercapnic acidosis. Our results demonstrate that the LC brainstem region contains neurons that can be excited or inhibited by, and/or are not sensitive to CO2 in V. exanthematicus While few LC neurons were activated by hypercapnic acidosis (15%), a higher proportion of the LC neurons responded by decreasing their firing rate during exposure to high CO2 at 20°C (37%); this chemosensitive response was no longer exhibited when the temperature was increased to 30°C. Further, the proportion of chemosensitive LC neurons changed at 35°C with a reduction in CO2-inhibited (11%) neurons and an increase in CO2-activated (35%) neurons. Expressing a high proportion of inhibited neurons at low temperature may provide insights into mechanisms underlying the temperature-dependent pH-stat regulatory strategy of savannah monitor lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Zena
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT Fisiologia Comparada), Brazil
| | - Elisa M Fonseca
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT Fisiologia Comparada), Brazil
| | - Joseph M Santin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Lays Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT Fisiologia Comparada), Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT Fisiologia Comparada), Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT Fisiologia Comparada), Brazil
| | - Lynn K Hartzler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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267
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Li XY, Feng YY, Dan W, Pan D, Zhang GF, Wang XL, Hou GJ. Study on the influence of curcumin on chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:801-5. [PMID: 27569892 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of curcumin on chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma cells. METHODS Human nephroblastoma cells line SK-NEP-1 was transplanted to the nude mice subcutaneously to establish the implantation tumor model of human nephroblastoma cells. A total of 30 tumor-bearing mice were divided into three groups of ten randomly. The routine chemotherapy group was given vincristine (0.05 mg/mL·0.2 mL/d) and actinomycin D (15 ng/mL·0.2 mL/d) combined chemotherapy regime. The curcumin chemotherapy group was given the same combined chemotherapy regimens and curcumin (30 mg/kg/d) by intraperitoneal injection. The control group was given normal saline (NS) of the same volume by intraperitoneal injection. Continuous administration would be kept for 4 weeks and 3 days a week. The volumetric changes of every group were recorded. The serum of every group in different time was collected and the VEGF content was detected by ELISA. All mice were cercrificed and the tumor tissues were stripped and weighed after 4 weeks' treatment. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and flow cytometry method. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0. RESULTS The tumor volume, serum VEGF content, tumor inhibition rate, cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate of routine chemotherapy group and curcumin chemotherapy group had significant differences comparing with the control group (P < 0.05) after 4-week's treatment. The cancer growth of curcumin chemotherapy group was obviously decreased and even tended to shrink comparing with routine chemotherapy group (χ(2) = 15.732, P = 0.007). The cell proliferation activity was significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate was significantly higher, (χ(2) = 9.427, P = 0.012) which showing the effect of chemotherapy was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS The chemosensitivity of nephroblastoma cells could be improved by curcumin, then the effect of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy scheme would be enhanced, the growth of nephroblastoma cells would be inhibited and the surgical risk of nephroblastoma would be reduced.
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268
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Liu Y, Gao S, Chen X, Liu M, Mao C, Fang X. Overexpression of miR-203 sensitizes paclitaxel (Taxol)-resistant colorectal cancer cells through targeting the salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2). Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12231-12239. [PMID: 27236538 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through the endogenous RNA interference machinery. Treatments with combination of chemotherapy with surgery are essential for advanced-stage colorectal cancer. However, the development of chemoresistance is a major obstacle for clinical application of anticancer drugs. In this study, we report a miR-203-SIK2 axis that involves in the regulation of Taxol sensitivity in colon cancer cells. MiR-203 is downregulated in human colon tumor specimens and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. We report miR-203 is correlated with Taxol sensitivity: overexpression of miR-203 sensitizes colon cancer cells and the Taxol-resistant cells display downregulated miR-203 compared with Taxol-sensitive cells. We identify SIK2 as a direct target of miR-203 in colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-203 complementary pairs to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SIK2, leading to the sensitization of Taxol resistant cells. In addition, miR-203 and the salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) are reverse expressed in human colorectal tumors. Finally, we demonstrate recovery of SIK2 by overexpression of SIK2-desensitized Taxol-resistant cells, supporting the miR-203-mediated sensitization to Taxol, is through the inhibition of SIK2. In general, our study will provide mechanisms of the microRNA-based anti-tumor therapy to develop anti-chemoresistance drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Cuiying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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Karube Y, Kobayashi S, Maeda S, Sado T, Ishihama H, Chida M. Tumor-related gene expression levels in thymic carcinoma and Type B3 thymoma. J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 11:85. [PMID: 27387303 PMCID: PMC4937531 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-016-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare type of malignant neoplasm that develops in the anterior mediastinum and associated with poor prognosis. Type B3 thymoma (B3) occasionally demonstrates malignant tumor characteristics, especially in the advanced stage. We investigated the expressions of tumor-related genes in resected TC and B3 specimens. METHODS TC and B3 specimens resected from 1999 through 2012 were investigated. Tumor segments were collected from the specimens by micro-dissection to extract mRNA, then RT-PCR was performed according to Dannenberg's tumor profile method for semi-quantitation of tumor-related gene mRNA. To compare with other types of cancer, data from lung cancer (LC) cases in our database were also examined. RESULTS The gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase were significantly higher in TC and B3 as compared to LC specimens (p < 0.02), while no difference were observed between TC and B3 tumors. The ratio of folypolyglutamyl synthase (FPGS) to gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) mRNA was significantly lower in TC than in B3 (p < 0.05), with lower FPGS/GGH in those tumors related to overall survival. Also, the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly higher in TC as compared to B3 (p = 0.04), with higher VEGF gene expression in TC and B3 specimens related to overall survival of affected patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression was significantly higher in B3 as compared to both TC and LC specimens (p < 0.01). However, there were no EGFR gene mutations detected in any of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that elevated expressions of the tumor-related genes FPGS/GGH and VEGF are correlated with malignancy of TC and B3 tumors. Additional examinations will be necessary to investigate their chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Karube
- Deparment of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0294, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Deparment of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0294, Japan.
| | - Sumiko Maeda
- Deparment of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0294, Japan
| | - Tetsu Sado
- Deparment of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0294, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ishihama
- Tumor Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chida
- Deparment of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0294, Japan
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270
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Gautam P, Karhinen L, Szwajda A, Jha SK, Yadav B, Aittokallio T, Wennerberg K. Identification of selective cytotoxic and synthetic lethal drug responses in triple negative breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:34. [PMID: 27165605 PMCID: PMC4862054 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive type of cancer that lacks effective targeted therapy. Despite detailed molecular profiling, no targeted therapy has been established. Hence, with the aim of gaining deeper understanding of the functional differences of TNBC subtypes and how that may relate to potential novel therapeutic strategies, we studied comprehensive anticancer-agent responses among a panel of TNBC cell lines. Method The responses of 301 approved and investigational oncology compounds were measured in 16 TNBC cell lines applying a functional profiling approach. To go beyond the standard drug viability effect profiling, which has been used in most chemosensitivity studies, we utilized a multiplexed readout for both cell viability and cytotoxicity, allowing us to differentiate between cytostatic and cytotoxic responses. Results Our approach revealed that most single-agent anti-cancer compounds that showed activity for the viability readout had no or little cytotoxic effects. Major compound classes that exhibited this type of response included anti-mitotics, mTOR, CDK, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as many agents selectively inhibiting oncogene-activated pathways. However, within the broad viability-acting classes of compounds, there were often subsets of cell lines that responded by cell death, suggesting that these cells are particularly vulnerable to the tested substance. In those cases we could identify differential levels of protein markers associated with cytotoxic responses. For example, PAI-1, MAPK phosphatase and Notch-3 levels associated with cytotoxic responses to mitotic and proteasome inhibitors, suggesting that these might serve as markers of response also in clinical settings. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity readout highlighted selective synergistic and synthetic lethal drug combinations that were missed by the cell viability readouts. For instance, the MEK inhibitor trametinib synergized with PARP inhibitors. Similarly, combination of two non-cytotoxic compounds, the rapamycin analog everolimus and an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor dactolisib, showed synthetic lethality in several mTOR-addicted cell lines. Conclusions Taken together, by studying the combination of cytotoxic and cytostatic drug responses, we identified a deeper spectrum of cellular responses both to single agents and combinations that may be highly relevant for identifying precision medicine approaches in TNBC as well as in other types of cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0517-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Karhinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Szwajda
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sawan Kumar Jha
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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271
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Ethiraj P, Veerappan K, Samuel S, Sivapatham S. Interferon β improves the efficacy of low dose cisplatin by inhibiting NF-κB/p-Akt signaling on HeLa cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:124-32. [PMID: 27470347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of interferon β in combination with low dose of cisplatin on human cervical cancer progression, as well as its principal action mechanism. The combination treatment synergistically potentiated the effect of interferon β on cell growth inhibition and DNA damage on HeLa cells by repressing NF-κB/p-Akt signaling. Synergistic targeting of these pathways has a therapeutic potential. Further, the combination treatment ameliorated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Additionally, the expression of active PARP was significantly increased and MMP-9 level was decreased in combination group as compared to the expression seen for the treatment with interferon β or cisplatin alone. Results demonstrate that the synergistic inhibitory effects of interferon β and low dose of cisplatin on human cervical cancer cells and also suggest that the inhibition of NF-κB/p-Akt signaling pathway plays a critical role in the anticancer effects of combination treatment along with the induction of PARP. Therefore, the combination of interferon β and cisplatin may be a useful treatment for human cervical cancer, with a greater effectiveness than other treatments.
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272
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Liang B, Liu X, Liu Y, Kong D, Liu X, Zhong R, Ma S. Inhibition of autophagy sensitizes MDR-phenotype ovarian cancer SKVCR cells to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:98-105. [PMID: 27470344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED AUTOPHAGY: is an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway where its primary function is to allow cells to survive under stressful conditions. Autophagy is, however, a double-edge sword that can either promote cell survival or cell death. CHEMORESISTANCE: is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer, of which the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to explore the role of autophagy in vincristine (VCR) resistant ovarian cancer cells. METHODS The SKOV3 parental cell line and SKVCR, the VCR-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells were used. 3-MA (3-Methyladenine) and CQ (Chloroquine) were also used as autophagy inhibitors. CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) was used to detect cell viability, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of mRNA and protein, MDC staining and flow cytometry were used to detect autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS Compared with parental SKOV3 cells, SKVCR cells showed Multidrug Resistance (MDR). SKVCR cells demonstrated higher autophagy levels than SKOV3 cells, which could be inhibited by 3-MA and CQ. In SKVCR cells, VCR increased apoptosis levels further, 3-MA and CQ inhibited autophagy and potentiated the cytotoxicity by VCR. Moreover, 3-MA and CQ overcame the acquired VCR resistance in SKVCR cells by enhancing VCR-induced cytotoxicity, and promote apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that autophagy has a protective role in the multi-drug resistant SKVCR cells. The inhibition of autophagy increases the killing effects of VCR by increasing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy, suggesting a better strategy for the treatment of drug-resistant SKVCR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Care, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Center for Radiological Research, Changchun, 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pediatric Ultrasound, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Liu L, Chen L, Wu X, Li X, Song Y, Mei Q, Nie J, Han W. Low-dose DNA-demethylating agent enhances the chemosensitivity of cancer cells by targeting cancer stem cells via the upregulation of microRNA-497. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1431-9. [PMID: 27075177 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The DNA-demethylating agent decitabine has shown clinical response for the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors, while the mechanisms underlying its antitumor capacity are not fully understood. METHODS The sensitivities of cancer cells to different chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-FU, were detected. The tumor sphere formation assay was used to evaluate the effects of low-dose decitabine on cancer-initiating stem cells. RESULTS We observed that the chemotherapy sensitivity of various cancer cells was enhanced following non-toxic low-dose decitabine treatment. Moreover, low-dose decitabine treatment suppressed the self-renewal of cancer-initiating cells and inhibited the expression of pluripotency markers. Strikingly, low-dose decitabine was able to augment chemosensitivity in cancer stem cells, likely by the upregulation of miRNA-497, which was reported to be downregulated and to have promoted cell apoptosis in multiple cancers. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the DNA-demethylating agent could target cancer stem cells and reverse their chemotherapeutic resistance by regulating the endogenous expression of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Microbiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Vachirayonstien T, Yan B. MicroRNA-30c-1-3p is a silencer of the pregnane X receptor by targeting the 3'-untranslated region and alters the expression of its target gene cytochrome P450 3A4. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1859:1238-1244. [PMID: 27085140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master regulator of genes involved in drug elimination. Recently, activation of PXR has also been linked to the development of many disease conditions such as metabolic disorders and malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRs) emerge as important molecular species involved in these conditions. This study was undertaken to test a large number of miRs for their ability to regulate PXR expression. As many as 58 miRs were tested and miR-30c-1-3p was identified to suppress PXR expression. The suppression was achieved by targeting the 3'-untranslated region, 438 nucleotides from the stop codon. The suppression was detected in multiple cell lines from different organ origins. In addition, miR-30c-1-3p altered basal and induced expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), a prototypical target gene of PXR. The alteration varied depending on the time and amounts of miR-30c-1-3p. CYP3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% medicines. The interconnection between miR-30c-1-3p and PXR signifies a role of miRs in drug-drug interactions and chemosensitivity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaveechai Vachirayonstien
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Integrated Drug Development, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Integrated Drug Development, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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Koerfer J, Kallendrusch S, Merz F, Wittekind C, Kubick C, Kassahun WT, Schumacher G, Moebius C, Gaßler N, Schopow N, Geister D, Wiechmann V, Weimann A, Eckmann C, Aigner A, Bechmann I, Lordick F. Organotypic slice cultures of human gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1444-53. [PMID: 27073068 PMCID: PMC4944870 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors with an unpredictable response to cytotoxic treatment. New methods allowing for the analysis of drug resistance are needed. Here, we describe a novel technique by which human tumor specimens can be cultured ex vivo, preserving parts of the natural cancer microenvironment. Using a tissue chopper, fresh surgical tissue samples were cut in 400 μm slices and cultivated in 6-well plates for up to 6 days. The slices were processed for routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin stains (CK8, AE1/3) were applied for determining tumor cellularity, Ki-67 for proliferation, and cleaved caspase-3 staining for apoptosis. The slices were analyzed under naive conditions and following 2-4 days in vitro exposure to 5-FU and cisplatin. The slice culture technology allowed for a good preservation of tissue morphology and tumor cell integrity during the culture period. After chemotherapy exposure, a loss of tumor cellularity and an increase in apoptosis were observed. Drug sensitivity of the tumors could be assessed. Organotypic slice cultures of gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers were successfully established. Cytotoxic drug effects could be monitored. They may be used to examine mechanisms of drug resistance in human tissue and may provide a unique and powerful ex vivo platform for the prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Koerfer
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Merz
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wittekind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Kubick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Woubet T Kassahun
- Department for Visceral, Transplantation Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Schumacher
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Moebius
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Braunschweig, Celler Straße 38, 38114, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolas Schopow
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Geister
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Wiechmann
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Eckmann
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Virchowstraße 8, 31226, Peine, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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276
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Gopal R, Rani U, Murugesan R, Kumar K, Sanjeev G, Ganesan K. Functional Genomic Investigation of the Molecular Biological Impact of Electron Beam Radiation in Lymphoma Cells. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2016; 16:253-263.e6. [PMID: 27061493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The biological response of electron beam radiation (EBR) in tumors remains underexplored. This study describes the molecular biological and genomic impact of EBR on tumor cells. METHODS A mouse model bearing Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells was exposed to an 8-MeV pulsed electron beam, at a dose rate of 2 Gy/min using a microtron, a linear accelerator. The radiation-induced changes were assessed by histopathology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, signaling pathway-focused reporter assays, and gene expression by microarray analysis. RESULTS EBR was found to increase apoptosis and G2-M cell cycle arrest with concomitant tumor regression in vivo. The microarray data revealed that EBR induced tumor regression, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest mediated by p53, PPAR, and SMAD2/3/4 signaling pathways. Activation of interferon regulatory factor and NFkB signaling were also found upon EBR. Chemo-genomics exploration revealed the possibility of drugs that can be effectively used in combination with EBR. CONCLUSION For the first time, an 8-MeV pulse EBR induced genomic changes, and their consequence in molecular and biological processes were identified in lymphoma cells. The comprehensive investigation of radiation-mediated responses in cancer cells also revealed the potential therapeutic features of EBR.
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277
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Brieau B, Auzolle C, Pozet A, Tougeron D, Bouché O, Soibinet P, Coriat R, Prieux C, Lecomte T, Goujon G, Marthey L, Rougier P, Bonnetain F, Ducreux M, Taieb J, Zaanan A. Efficacy of modern chemotherapy and prognostic factors in patients with ovarian metastases from gastric cancer: A retrospective AGEO multicentre study. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:441-5. [PMID: 26775096 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian metastases from gastrointestinal tumours frequently lead to locoregional complications and undermine quality of life. The chemosensitivity of ovarian metastases from gastric cancer is unknown. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of modern chemotherapy regimens in first-line treatment for patients with ovarian metastases from gastric cancer. METHODS All consecutive patients with ovarian metastases from gastric cancer who received at least one cycle of chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were included (median age, 50.5 years; synchronous ovarian metastases, 60%). Seventeen patients (48.6%) underwent oophorectomy. Patients were treated with first-line chemotherapy based on platinum (n=14), irinotecan (n=8), taxane plus platinum (n=4) or epirubicin plus platinum (n=9). The median PFS and OS were 6.8 and 18.8 months, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) for extra-ovarian (13.6%) and ovarian (20.9%) metastatic sites was not significantly different (p=0.55). There was no significant difference in terms of ORR on ovarian metastatic site according to the first-line chemotherapy (p=0.21). In multivariate analysis, oophorectomy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ovarian metastases from gastric cancer are not more resistant than extra-ovarian metastases, and that oophorectomy is an independent prognostic factor significantly linked to OS. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Brieau
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Cochin University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Auzolle
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Astrid Pozet
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit (EA 3181), Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - David Tougeron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France; Poitiers University, Laboratory "Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines EA 4331", Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Bouché
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Pauline Soibinet
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Romain Coriat
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Cochin University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Prieux
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Lecomte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; Francois Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Gael Goujon
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lysiane Marthey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Clamart, APHP, France
| | - Philippe Rougier
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bonnetain
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit (EA 3181), Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Ducreux
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Zaanan
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
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Sato S, Itamochi H, Oumi N, Chiba Y, Oishi T, Shimada M, Sato S, Chikumi J, Nonaka M, Kudoh A, Komatsu H, Harada T, Sugiyama T. Establishment and characterization of a novel ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line, TU-OC-2, with loss of ARID1A expression. Hum Cell 2016; 29:181-7. [PMID: 26960408 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line of human ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC), TU-OC-2, was established and characterized. The cells were polygonal in shape, grew in monolayers without contact inhibition and were arranged in islands like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The chromosome numbers ranged from 41 to 96. A low rate of proliferation was observed and the doubling time was 37.5 h. The IC50 values of cisplatin, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), which is an active metabolite of camptothecin, and paclitaxel were 7.7 μM, 17.7 nM and 301 nM, respectively. The drug sensitivity assay indicated that TU-OC-2 was sensitive to SN38, but resistant to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Mutational analysis revealed that TU-OC-2 cells have no mutations of PIK3CA in exons 9 and 20 and of TP53 in exons 4-9. We observed the loss of ARID1A protein expression in TU-OC-2 cells by western blot analysis and in the original tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. This cell line may be useful for studying the chemoresistant mechanisms of CCC and exploring novel therapeutic targets such as the ARID1A-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-City, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-City, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.
| | - Nao Oumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Youhei Chiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-City, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Jun Chikumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Michiko Nonaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akiko Kudoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Komatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago-City, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-City, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
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Bradford EM, Vairamani K, Shull GE. Differential expression of pancreatic protein and chemosensing receptor mRNAs in NKCC1-null intestine. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:138-149. [PMID: 26909237 PMCID: PMC4753180 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the intestinal functions of the NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter (SLC12a2 gene), differential mRNA expression changes in NKCC1-null intestine were analyzed.
METHODS: Microarray analysis of mRNA from intestines of adult wild-type mice and gene-targeted NKCC1-null mice (n = 6 of each genotype) was performed to identify patterns of differential gene expression changes. Differential expression patterns were further examined by Gene Ontology analysis using the online Gorilla program, and expression changes of selected genes were verified using northern blot analysis and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Histological staining and immunofluorescence were performed to identify cell types in which upregulated pancreatic digestive enzymes were expressed.
RESULTS: Genes typically associated with pancreatic function were upregulated. These included lipase, amylase, elastase, and serine proteases indicative of pancreatic exocrine function, as well as insulin and regenerating islet genes, representative of endocrine function. Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that differential expression of exocrine pancreas mRNAs was specific to the duodenum and localized to a subset of goblet cells. In addition, a major pattern of changes involving differential expression of olfactory receptors that function in chemical sensing, as well as other chemosensing G-protein coupled receptors, was observed. These changes in chemosensory receptor expression may be related to the failure of intestinal function and dependency on parenteral nutrition observed in humans with SLC12a2 mutations.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of NKCC1 affects not only secretion, but also goblet cell function and chemosensing of intestinal contents via G-protein coupled chemosensory receptors.
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280
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Alba E, Lluch A, Ribelles N, Anton-Torres A, Sanchez-Rovira P, Albanell J, Calvo L, García-Asenjo JAL, Palacios J, Chacon JI, Ruiz A, De la Haba-Rodriguez J, Segui-Palmer MA, Cirauqui B, Margeli M, Plazaola A, Barnadas A, Casas M, Caballero R, Carrasco E, Rojo F. High Proliferation Predicts Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer. Oncologist 2016; 21:150-5. [PMID: 26786263 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the neoadjuvant setting, changes in the proliferation marker Ki67 are associated with primary endocrine treatment efficacy, but its value as a predictor of response to chemotherapy is still controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 262 patients with centralized basal Ki67 immunohistochemical evaluation derived from 4 GEICAM (Spanish Breast Cancer Group) clinical trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The objective was to identify the optimal threshold for Ki67 using the receiver-operating characteristic curve method to maximize its predictive value for chemotherapy benefit. We also evaluated the predictive role of the defined Ki67 cutoffs for molecular subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). RESULTS A basal Ki67 cutpoint of 50% predicted pathological complete response (pCR). Patients with Ki67 >50% achieved a pCR rate of 40% (36 of 91) versus a pCR rate of 19% in patients with Ki67 ≤ 50% (33 of 171) (p = .0004). Ki67 predictive value was especially relevant in ER-HER2- and ER-HER2+ patients (pCR rates of 42% and 64%, respectively, in patients with Ki67 >50% versus 15% and 45%, respectively, in patients with Ki67 ≤ 50%; p = .0337 and .3238, respectively). Both multivariate analyses confirmed the independent predictive value of the Ki67 cutpoint of 50%. CONCLUSION Basal Ki67 proliferation index >50% should be considered an independent predictive factor for pCR reached after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that cell proliferation is a phenomenon closely related to chemosensitivity. These findings could help to identify a group of patients with a potentially favorable long-term prognosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The use of basal Ki67 status as a predictive factor of chemotherapy benefit could facilitate the identification of a patient subpopulation with high probability of achieving pathological complete response when treated with primary chemotherapy, and thus with a potentially favorable long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Alba
- Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Valencia University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Ribelles
- Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Albanell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques and Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Calvo
- A Coruña University Hospital Complex, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Amparo Ruiz
- Valencian Institute of Oncology, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mireia Margeli
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maribel Casas
- GEICAM-Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva Carrasco
- GEICAM-Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Fundación Jiménez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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281
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Wang R, Ye X, Bhattacharya R, Boulbes DR, Fan F, Xia L, Ellis LM. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 17 Regulates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Chemosensitivity Via Notch1 Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:331-8. [PMID: 26744411 PMCID: PMC4807666 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) regulates the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in colorectal cancer (CRC) and elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism mediating cancer stem-ness. The results showed that ADAM17 has a role in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells. Drugs that inhibit ADAM17 activity might increase the therapeutic benefit to metastatic CRC and, potentially, other solid malignancies. Evidence is accumulating for the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in mediating chemoresistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17; also known as tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme [TACE]) was shown to be overexpressed and to mediate cell proliferation and chemoresistance in CRC cells. However, its role in mediating the CSC phenotype in CRC has not been well-characterized. The objective of the present study was to determine whether ADAM17 regulates the CSC phenotype in CRC and to elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism that mediates cancer stemness. We treated established CRC cell lines and a newly established human CRC cell line HCP-1 with ADAM17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the synthetic peptide inhibitor TAPI-2. The effects of ADAM17 inhibition on the CSC phenotype and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cells were examined. siRNA knockdown and TAPI-2 decreased the protein levels of cleaved Notch1 (Notch1 intracellular domain) and HES-1 in CRC cells. A decrease in the CSC phenotype was determined by sphere formation and ALDEFLUOR assays. Moreover, TAPI-2 sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU by decreasing cell viability and the median lethal dose of 5-FU and increasing apoptosis. We also showed the cleavage and release of soluble Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells. Our studies have elucidated a role of ADAM17 in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells. The use of drugs that inhibit ADAM17 activity might increase the therapeutic benefit to patients with mCRC and, potentially, those with other solid malignancies. Significance The present study has demonstrated the role of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) in regulating cancer stemness and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In addition, a previously unknown cleavage of the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells is reported. These findings will have an impact on future studies of the regulation of cancer stem cells in CRC and, potentially, other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Delphine R Boulbes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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282
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Wang T, Han P, He Y, Zhao C, Wang G, Yang W, Shan M, Zhu Y, Yang C, Weng M, Wu D, Gao L, Jin X, Wei Y, Cui B, Shen G, Li X. Lin28A enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU by promoting apoptosis in a let-7 independent manner. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7657-65. [PMID: 26687759 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Lin28A is frequently over-expressed in human malignant tumors and is associated with tumor advance and poor prognosis. However, the expression pattern and functions of Lin28A in colon cancer are unknown. In this study, we detected the expression of Lin28A in colon cancer patients and tested the effect of Lin28A on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). As expected, we showed that Lin28A is up-regulated in 73.3 % of colon cancer patients. However, to our surprise, we found that oncogenic protein Lin28A-enforced expression in colon cancer cells enhanced the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU via promoting the cell apoptosis. Further mechanisms study revealed that the effect of Lin28A increasing chemosensitivity of cancer cells is in a let-7 independent manner, but which is associated with decreasing the expression of DNA damage repair protein H2AX. Conclusively, here we reported an unexpected function of Lin28A, which may shed lights on fully understanding the physiological and pathological roles of this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ci Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - BinBin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guomin Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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283
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Park C, Yoon KH, Lee YJ, Kim YK, Choi YC, Shin JH, Cho JH, Park R. 5-FU Induces Apoptosis of Fas (+), HepG2 Cells Via Activation of Fas-mediated Caspase and Mitochondria Dysfunction. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 34:128-38. [PMID: 26680854 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2002.34.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to investigate the role of Fas on the chemosensitivity of cancer cells in regards to chemotherapeutic agents, the Fas/FasL signaling pathway of apoptosis was explored in human hepatoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fas expression of hepatoma cells including Chang, Huh7, HepG2, and Hep3B cells, was determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation assay. The catalytic activity of the caspase-family proteases including caspase-3, 6, 8, and 9 proteases, was tested using fluorogenic biosubstrates. The expression of apoptotic mediators including cytochrome c, PARP, and Bcl2 family proteins were measured from cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by fluorescence staining with JC-1, rhodamine 123. RESULTS Fas mRNA was constitutively expressed in Chang and HepG2 as defined as Fas (+) cells, but not in Huh7 and Hep3B cells, defined as Fas (-) cells. Fas (+) cells were markedly sensitive to 5-FU whereas Fas (-) cells were resistant and able to survive. 5-FU increased Fas expression of Fas (+) HepG2 cells and simultaneously resulted in apoptotic death, characterized by the ladder-pattern fragmentation of genomic DNA. Moreover, it increased the catalytic activity of caspase-8 protease, which eventually cleaved the Bid into truncated Bid which translocated into mitochondria only in Fas (+) cells. It also increased the caspase-9 protease activity with Bax expression, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and mytochondrial dysfunction only in Fas (+) HepG2 cells. Furthermore, 5-FU increased the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 protease with PARP digestion in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION 5-FU exerted cytotoxicity against hepatoma cells via activation of Fas-mediated apoptotic signaling including caspase cascades and mytochondrial dysfunction. Our data suggests that Fas may be an important modulator of the chemosensitivity of cancer cells vis- -vis anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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284
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Zhang F, Yang R, Zhang G, Cheng R, Bai Y, Zhao H, Lu X, Li H, Chen S, Li J, Wu S, Li P, Chen X, Sun Q, Zhao G. Anticancer function of α-solanine in lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing microRNA-138 expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6437-46. [PMID: 26631041 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, lung cancer is still a main cause of malignancy-associated death worldwide. Even though various methods for prevention and treatment of lung cancer have been improved in recent decades, the 5-year survival rate has remained very low. Insights into the anticancer function of small-molecule anticancer compounds have opened our visual field about cancer therapy. α-Solanine has been well studied for its antitumor properties, but its effect in lung cancer and associated molecular mechanisms have not yet been evaluated. To explore the anticancer function of α-solanine, we performed an MTT assay, Transwell arrays, colony-forming survival assay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and dual luciferase reporter assays in A549 and H1299 cells. We found that α-solanine not only inhibited cell migration and invasion ability but also enhanced the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. Moreover, we discovered that α-solanine could affect the expression of miR-138 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), both of which were also found to affect the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. In conclusion, α-solanine could affect miR-138 and FAK expression to restrict cell migration and invasion and enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. The α-solanine/miR-138/FAK cascade can probably be a potential therapy target against lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ruirui Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huasi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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285
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Chang JW, Gwak SY, Shim GA, Liu L, Lim YC, Kim JM, Jung MG, Koo BS. EZH2 is associated with poor prognosis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma via regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and chemosensitivity. Oral Oncol 2015; 52:66-74. [PMID: 26604082 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation is responsible for tumor initiation and progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although the polycomb group protein enhancer zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is upregulated and a key epigenetic modifier implicated in various cancers, its molecular mechanism in HNSCC remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of EZH2 in HNSCC progression and its clinical implication as an HNSCC risk predictor. MATERIALS AND METHOD A retrospective analysis was performed on 90 HNSCC patients who had curative surgery between 1999 and 2011. Patients with high and low EZH2 expression were compared by the various clinicopathological factors. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used to determine significance. For functional in vitro analysis, migration/invasion assay and Western blotting were performed after EZH2 knockdown using siRNA. In addition, cell proliferation was measured to clarify the role of EZH2 on cisplatin chemotherapy. RESULTS In patients with HNSCC, high EZH2 expression was correlated with advanced T stage and poor survival outcome. RNAi analysis revealed that EZH2 silencing increased E-cadherin expression while decreasing that of N-cadherin and Vimentin without altering Snail/Slug signaling, which led to decreased cell migration/invasion. EZH2 is also associated with tumor aggressiveness via regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we show that high EZH2 expression decreases sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EZH2 may not be only a predictive and prognostic biomarker but also a potential personalized therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Gwak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ae Shim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences and Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Jung
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences and Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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286
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Wu Y, Qi Y, Liu H, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang Z. AMPK activator AICAR promotes 5-FU-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:299-305. [PMID: 26497305 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). SGC-7901 cells were treated with AICAR (0.2-5 mM, for 24-48 h) with or without 5-FU. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, while apoptosis were measured through the evaluation of active caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the expression of tumor suppressor and multi-drug resistant (mdr1) gene. Cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were measured by Western blot. AICAR significant reduced cellular viability but increased apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which is associated with an increase in p-AMPK levels. Importantly, AICAR enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU-induced reduction of cellular viability and increased apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, AICAR increased tumor suppressor genes [F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), semaphorin III/F (SEMA3F), and p21(Cip1) (p21)] but reduced mdr1 expression. Finally, p-AMPK levels were reduced in 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells compared to human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line and 5-FU-sensitive gastric cancer cells. AICAR not only induces apoptosis alone but also enhances pro-apoptotic effect of 5-FU in SGC-7901 cells, which lays an experimental foundation to develop AICAR as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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287
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Doan CC, Doan NT, Nguyen QH, Nguyen MH, Do MS, Le VD. Downregulation of Kinesin spindle protein inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and increases chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Iran Biomed J 2015; 19:1-16. [PMID: 25605484 PMCID: PMC4322227 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1386.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis. Inhibition of KSP function leads to cell cycle arrest at mitosis and ultimately to cell death. The aim of this study was to suppress KSP expression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in Hep3B cells and evaluate its anti-tumor activity. Methods: Three siRNA targeting KSP (KSP-siRNA #1-3) and one mismatched-siRNA (Cont-siRNA) were transfected into cells. Subsequently, KSP mRNA and protein levels, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined in both Hep3B cells and THLE-3 cells. In addition, the chemosensitivity of KSP-siRNA-treated Hep3B cells with doxorubicin was also investigated using cell proliferation and clonogenic survival assays. Results: The expression of endogenous KSP at both mRNA and protein levels in Hep3B cells was higher than in THLE-3 cells. In Hep3B cells, KSP-siRNA #2 showed a further downregulation of KSP as compared to KSP-siRNA #1 or KSP-siRNA #3. It also exhibited greater suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis than KSP-siRNA #1 or KSP-siRNA #3; this could be explained by the significant downregulation of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and survivin. In contrast, KSP-siRNAs had no or lower effects on KSP expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in THLE-3 cells. We also noticed that KSP-siRNA transfection could increase chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in Hep3B cells, even at low doses compared to control. Conclusion: Reducing the expression level of KSP, combined with drug treatment, yields promising results for eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro. This study opens a new direction for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Chung Doan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Trung Doan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Si Do
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Dong Le
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Dept. of Immunology, Vietnam Military Medical University,
160 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
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288
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Lei KF, Wu ZM, Huang CH. Impedimetric quantification of the formation process and the chemosensitivity of cancer cell colonies suspended in 3D environment. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:878-85. [PMID: 26241736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In cancer research, colony formation assay is a gold standard for the investigation of the development of early tumors and the effects of cytotoxic agents on tumors in vitro. Quantification of cancer cell colonies suspended in hydrogel is currently achieved by manual counting under microscope. It is challenging to microscopically quantify the colony number and size without subjective bias. In this work, impedimetric quantification of cancer cell colonies suspended in hydrogel was successfully developed and provides a quantitative and objective method to describe the colony formation process and the development of colony size during the culture course. A biosensor embedded with a pair of parallel plate electrodes was fabricated for the impedimetric quantification. Cancer cell (cell line: Huh-7) were encapsulated in methyl cellulose hydrogel and cultured to gradually form cancer cell colonies suspended in 3D environment. At pre-set schedule during the culture course, small volume (50 μL) of colonies/MC hydrogel was collected, mixed with measurement hydrogel, and loaded to the biosensor for measurement. Hence, the colony formation process could be quantitatively represented by a colony index and a colony size index calculated from electrical impedance. Based on these developments, chemosensitivity of cancer cell colonies under different concentrations of anti-cancer drug, i.e., doxorubicin, was quantitatively investigated to study the efficacy of anti-cancer drug. Also, dose-response curve was constructed to calculate the IC50 value, which is an important indicator for chemosensitivity assay. These results showed the impedimetric quantification is a promising technique for the colony formation assay.
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289
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Bao W, Zhu F, Duan Y, Yang Y, Cai H. HtrA1 resensitizes multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting XIAP. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:97-102. [PMID: 25776486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to clarify the relation between chemosensitivity and HtrA1 expression, and the possible way HtrA1 works. Drug-resistant cell line HepG2/ADM was induced by increasing adriamycin (ADM), and eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-HtrA1 was constructed using BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzymes, after which, HepG2/ADM was transfected with pEGFP-N1-HtrA1. Resistance index (RI) of the hepatoma cell lines to different anti-cancer drugs (ADM, 5-Fu, MMC, L-OHP and VCR) was determined by MTT assay before and after HtrA1 high expression. After an HtrA1 inhibitor, NVP-LEB748 was adopted in the HtrA1 overexpressing cells, expression of proteins P-gp, MRP and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) in HepG2/ADM cells were analyzed by western blot, and the activities of caspases 3, 7 and 9 were respectively measured using activity assay kits. The results showed that RI was negatively correlated with the expression of HtrA1, upregulated XIAP expression was resulted from the HtrA1 inhibitor, and variance of activities of caspases 3, 7 and 9 were remarkably descended with its increasing concentration. It was concluded that high expression of HtrA1 could significantly reverse multidrug resistance of hepatoma cells by targeting XIAP. HtrA1 is therefore expected to be an effective tool in the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyuan Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yunfei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huihua Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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290
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Abstract
Biliary cancer and pancreatic cancer are considered to be difficult diseases to cure. Although complete resection provides the only means of curing these cancers, the rate of resectability is not high. Therefore, chemotherapy is often selected in patients with advanced unresectable biliary-pancreatic cancer. Many combination chemotherapy regimens have been applied in clinical trials. However, the survival time is not satisfactory. On the other hand, most chemotherapeutic agents induce anti-apoptotic transcriptional factor nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) activation, and agent-induced NF-κB activation is deeply involved in the onset of chemoresistance. Recently, novel approaches to potentiating chemosensitivity in cases of biliary-pancreatic cancer using NF-κB inhibitors with cytotoxic agents have been reported, most of which comprise translational research, although some clinical trials have also been conducted. Nevertheless, to date, there is no breakthrough chemotherapy regimen for these diseases. As some reports show promising data, combination chemotherapy consisting of a NF-κB inhibitor with chemotherapeutic agents seems to improve chemosensitivity and prolong the survival time of biliary-pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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291
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Zhang C, Li HZ, Qian BJ, Liu CM, Guo F, Lin MC. MTDH/AEG-1-based DNA vaccine suppresses metastasis and enhances chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in pelvic lymph node metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:217-26. [PMID: 25776504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MTDH/AEG-1 could act as an oncogene by regulating cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which MTDH/AEG-1 inhibits cancer growth and metastasis and enhances chemosensitivity. METHODS Mouse model was established using orally immunized mice exposed to attenuated Salmonella containing vectors carrying full length MTDH/AEG-1 gene, and we were able to enhance the immune response and inhibit the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through activation of cellular and humoral immunities and induction of CD8+ T cells. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell analysis by flow cytometry, HE staining, RT-PCR analysis, Western-blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed. RESULTS The MTDH/AEG-1 gene vaccine induced the anti-tumor function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. In the therapy model, the MTDH/AEG-1 gene vaccine significantly enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel, inhibited tumor growth, promoted tumor cell apoptosis, and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice without any apparent side effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that MTDH/AEG-1-based DNA vaccines could used for the treatment of prostate cancer in terms of the inhibition of tumor growth, the lifespan of tumor-bearing animals. Combined with chemotherapy, MTDH/AEG-1-based DNA vaccines may produce highly favorable outcomes in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, suggesting the immune efficacy of MTDH/AEG-1-based DNA should be further analyzed in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, China
| | - Hui-Zhang Li
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, China.
| | - Ben-Jiang Qian
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), No. 225, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Miao-Chun Lin
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, China
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292
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Li Y, Wang X, Bi S, Zhao K, Yu C. Inhibition of Mer and Axl receptor tyrosine kinases leads to increased apoptosis and improved chemosensitivity in human neuroblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:461-6. [PMID: 25596315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of Mer and Axl receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are frequently found in various cancers as known to promote oncogenesis by activating antiapoptotic signaling pathways. However, the roles of these receptors in neuroblastoma remain unclear. We found Mer and Axl was co-expressed in neuroblastoma patient samples and cell lines. Ligand-dependent Mer or Axl activation led to an increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2, AKT and FAK indicating roles for these RTKs in multiple oncogenic processes. Furthermore, Mer and Axl knockdown led to apoptosis and inhibition of migration as well as a significant increase in chemosensitivity in response to cisplatin and vincristine treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that inhibition of Mer and Axl improved apoptotic response and chemosensitivity in neuroblastoma, providing new insights into development of novel therapeutic strategies by targeting these oncogenes.
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293
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Liu C, Huang X, Hou S, Hu B, Li H. Silencing of tripartite motif (TRIM) 29 inhibits proliferation and invasion and increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human lung squamous cancer NCI-H520 cells. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:31-7. [PMID: 26273332 PMCID: PMC4448470 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TRIM29 belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. It has been reported to be a tumor suppressor or have oncogenic function in many cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate whether downregulation of TRIM29 by small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and increase chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human lung squamous cancer NCI-H520 cells in vitro. Methods We transformed TRIM29 siRNA into NCI-H520 cells. Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assay were employed to determine TRIM29 messenger (m)RNA and protein expressions. MTT assay was used to determine the cell proliferation. Transwell invasion assay was used to determine the cell invasion. An Annexin V-propidium iodide (AnnV/PI) staining apoptosis test was used for detecting apoptosis. Results TRIM29 siRNA could specifically and efficiently suppress TRIM29 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Silencing of the TRIM29 by siRNA in NCI-H520 cells inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. TRIM29 knockdown resulted in chemosensitivity enhancement in NCI-H520 cells. Conclusion Downregulation of TRIM29 can lead to potent antitumor activity and chemosensitizing effect in human lung squamous cancer NCI-H520 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
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294
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Cummings KJ. Interaction of central and peripheral chemoreflexes in neonatal mice: evidence for hypo-addition. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 203:75-81. [PMID: 25192642 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential for interaction between the peripheral (PCR) and central (CCR) chemoreflexes has not been studied in the neonatal period, when breathing is inherently unstable. Based on recent work in adult rodents, this study addresses the hypothesis that in neonatal mice there is a hypoadditive interaction between the chemoreflexes. To test this, a mask-pneumotach system was used to expose postnatal day (P) 11-12 mouse pups to square-wave hyperoxia (100% O2; n=8) or hypoxia (10% O2; n=11), administered in normocapnic conditions (inspired CO2 (FICO2)=0.001-0.005), or following an episode of re-breathing to increase FICO2 by 0.015-0.02. The immediate (i.e. PCR-mediated) responses of frequency (fB), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (V˙E) to square-wave hyperoxia and hypoxia were assessed. When given in a normocapnic background, hyperoxia induced an immediate (within the first 20 breaths, or ∼6s) but transient fall in fB (-46±9breaths/min) and V˙E (-149±41μlmin(-1)g(-1)) (P<0.001 for both), with no effect on VT. In contrast, hyperoxia had no influence on breathing when it was administered following re-breathing. Similarly, the hypoxia-induced increase in fB was greater when applied under normocapnic conditions (50±8breaths/min) then when applied following re-breathing (21±5breaths/min) (P=0.02). These data demonstrate a hypo-additive interaction between the PCR and CCR with respect to the immediate frequency response to inhibition or excitation of the PCR. Hypoaddition of the chemoreflexes could cause or mitigate neonatal apnea, depending on the prevailing PCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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295
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Xu S, Xiao Y, Li L, Yu L, Jiang H, Yu A, Zeng S. Three new shRNA expression vectors targeting the CYP3A4 coding sequence to inhibit its expression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:350-7. [PMID: 26579404 PMCID: PMC4629097 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is useful for selective gene silencing. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes approximately 50% of drugs in clinical use, plays an important role in drug metabolism. In this study, we aimed to develop a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to modulate CYP3A4 expression. Three new shRNAs (S1, S2 and S3) were designed to target the coding sequence (CDS) of CYP3A4, cloned into a shRNA expression vector, and tested in different cells. The mixture of three shRNAs produced optimal reduction (55%) in CYP3A4 CDS-luciferase activity in both CHL and HEK293 cells. Endogenous CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells was decreased about 50% at both mRNA and protein level after transfection of the mixture of three shRNAs. In contrast, CYP3A5 gene expression was not altered by the shRNAs, supporting the selectivity of CYP3A4 shRNAs. In addition, HepG2 cells transfected with CYP3A4 shRNAs were less sensitive to Ginkgolic acids, whose toxic metabolites are produced by CYP3A4. These results demonstrate that vector-based shRNAs could modulate CYP3A4 expression in cells through their actions on CYP3A4 CDS, and CYP3A4 shRNAs may be utilized to define the role of CYP3A4 in drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongsheng Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aiming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Su Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 571 88208407.
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296
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Mosher BP, Taylor BE, Harris MB. Intermittent hypercapnia enhances CO₂ responsiveness and overcomes serotonergic dysfunction. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 200:33-9. [PMID: 24874557 PMCID: PMC4167740 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic dysfunction compromises ventilatory chemosensitivity and may enhance vulnerability to pathologies such as the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). We have shown raphé contributions to central chemosensitivity involving serotonin (5-HT)-and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that mild intermittent hypercapnia (IHc) induces respiratory plasticity, due in part to strengthening of GABA mechanisms. Rat pups were IHc-pretreated (eight consecutive cycles; 5 min 5% CO2 - air, 10 min air) or constant normocapnia-pretreated as a control, each day for 5 consecutive days beginning at P12. We subsequently assessed CO2 responsiveness using the in situ perfused brainstem preparation. Hypercapnic responses were determined with and without pharmacological manipulation. Results show IHc-pretreatment induces plasticity sufficient for responsiveness despite removal of otherwise critical ketanserin-sensitive mechanisms. Responsiveness following IHc-pretreatment was absent if ketanserin was combined with GABAergic antagonism, indicating that plasticity depends on GABAergic mechanisms. We propose that IHc-induced plasticity could reduce the severity of reflex dysfunctions underlying pathologies such as SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Mosher
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Biology and Wildlife Department, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Barbara E Taylor
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Biology and Wildlife Department, Fairbanks, AK, United States; Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Michael B Harris
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Biology and Wildlife Department, Fairbanks, AK, United States; Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, United States.
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297
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Iceman KE, Corcoran AE, Taylor BE, Harris MB. CO2-inhibited neurons in the medullary raphé are GABAergic. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 203:28-34. [PMID: 25087734 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported subsets of medullary raphé neurons that are either stimulated or inhibited by CO2/pH in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that medullary raphé CO2-inhibited neurons are GABAergic. Extracellular recordings in unanesthetized juvenile in situ rat preparations showed reversible hypercapnia-induced suppression of 19% (63/323) of medullary raphé neurons, and this suppression persisted after antagonism of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and GABAA receptors. We stained a subset of CO2-inhibited cells and found that most (11/12) had glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity (GAD67-ir). These data indicate that the majority of acidosis-inhibited medullary raphé neurons are GABAergic, and that their chemosensitivity is independent of major fast synaptic inputs. Thus, CO2-sensitive GABAergic neurons may play a role in central CO2/pH chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Iceman
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Andrea E Corcoran
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Barbara E Taylor
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Michael B Harris
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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298
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Zhang YJ, Li AJ, Han Y, Yin L, Lin MB. Inhibition of Girdin enhances chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8229-8236. [PMID: 25009397 PMCID: PMC4081697 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of Girdin knockdown on the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin and the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Four siRNAs targeting Girdin were transfected into the chemoresistant colorectal cancer cell line DLD1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to assess Girdin mRNA expression and the most effective siRNA was chosen for conversion into shRNA. Then, DLD1 cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing the Girdin shRNA and a scramble control, respectively, and Girdin mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, microarray experiments were used to assess global gene expression profile after Girdin suppression in DLD1 cells. Finally, the cytotoxic effect of simultaneous treatment with oxaliplatin and adriamycin (an inhibitor of a significantly downregulated gene after Girdin suppression in DLD1 cells) was examined by MTT assay.
RESULTS: The most effective siRNA suppressed Girdin expression with an inhibition efficiency of 57%. Compared with the scramble control, DLD1 cells infected with the Girdin shRNA displayed decreased Girdin mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05), and Girdin knockdown significantly enhanced chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells (P < 0.05). Microarray data revealed that 381 and 162 genes were upregulated and downregulated in response to Girdin reduction, respectively, with ratios > 1.2 or < 0.8 (P < 0.01). Interestingly, TOP2B (DNA topoisomerase 2-β) was downregulated (ratio = 0.78, P = 0.0001) and oxaliplatin/adriamycin combination resulted in increased cell death compared with treatments with individual agents (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Girdin knockdown enhances chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin via TOP2B down-regulation. These findings provide a promising approach to overcome the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells.
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299
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a field of study in systems biology that involves the identification and quantification of metabolites present in a biological system. Analyzing metabolic differences between unperturbed and perturbed networks, such as cancerous and non-cancerous samples, can provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis. Despite the large number of review articles concerning metabolomics and its application in cancer research, biomarker and drug discovery, these reviews do not focus on a specific type of cancer. Metabolomics may provide biomarkers useful for identification of early stage gastric cancer, potentially addressing an important clinical need. Here, we present a short review on metabolomics as a tool for biomarker discovery in human gastric cancer, with a primary focus on its use as a predictor of anticancer drug chemosensitivity, diagnosis, prognosis, and metastasis.
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300
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Abstract
Membrane transporters play critical roles in moving a variety of anticancer drugs across cancer cell membrane, thereby determining chemotherapy efficacy and/or toxicity. The retention of anticancer drugs in cancer cells is the result of net function of efflux and influx transporters. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are mainly the efflux transporters expressing at cancer cells, conferring the chemo-resistance in various malignant tumors, which has been well documented over the past decades. However, the function of influx transporters, in particular the solute carriers (SLC) in cancer cells, has only been recently well recognized to have significant impact on cancer therapy. The SLC transporters not only directly bring anticancer agents into cancer cells but also serve as the uptake mediators of essential nutrients for tumor growth and survival. In this review, we concentrate on the interaction of SLC transporters with anticancer drugs and nutrients, and their impact on chemo-sensitivity or -resistance of cancer cells. The differential expression patterns of SLC transporters between normal and tumor tissues may be well utilized to achieve specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland USA ; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland USA
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