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Ahmad AA, Ghim M, Toczek J, Neishabouri A, Ojha D, Zhang Z, Gona K, Raza MZ, Jung JJ, Kukreja G, Zhang J, Guerrera N, Liu C, Sadeghi MM. Multimodality Imaging of Aortic Valve Calcification and Function in a Murine Model of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease and Bicuspid Aortic Valve. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1487-1494. [PMID: 37321825 PMCID: PMC10478817 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a prevailing disease with increasing occurrence and no known medical therapy. Dcbld2-/- mice have a high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), spontaneous aortic valve calcification, and aortic stenosis (AS). 18F-NaF PET/CT can detect the aortic valve calcification process in humans. However, its feasibility in preclinical models of CAVD remains to be determined. Here, we sought to validate 18F-NaF PET/CT for tracking murine aortic valve calcification and leveraged it to examine the development of calcification with aging and its interdependence with BAV and AS in Dcbld2-/- mice. Methods: Dcbld2-/- mice at 3-4 mo, 10-16 mo, and 18-24 mo underwent echocardiography, 18F-NaF PET/CT (n = 34, or autoradiography (n = 45)), and tissue analysis. A subset of mice underwent both PET/CT and autoradiography (n = 12). The aortic valve signal was quantified as SUVmax on PET/CT and as percentage injected dose per square centimeter on autoradiography. The valve tissue sections were analyzed by microscopy to identify tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves. Results: The aortic valve 18F-NaF signal on PET/CT was significantly higher at 18-24 mo (P < 0.0001) and 10-16 mo (P < 0.05) than at 3-4 mo. Additionally, at 18-24 mo BAV had a higher 18F-NaF signal than tricuspid aortic valves (P < 0.05). These findings were confirmed by autoradiography, with BAV having significantly higher 18F-NaF uptake in each age group. A significant correlation between PET and autoradiography data (Pearson r = 0.79, P < 0.01) established the accuracy of PET quantification. The rate of calcification with aging was significantly faster for BAV (P < 0.05). Transaortic valve flow velocity was significantly higher in animals with BAV at all ages. Finally, there was a significant correlation between transaortic valve flow velocity and aortic valve calcification by both PET/CT (r = 0.55, P < 0.001) and autoradiography (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Conclusion: 18F-NaF PET/CT links valvular calcification to BAV and aging in Dcbld2-/- mice and suggests that AS may promote calcification. In addition to addressing the pathobiology of valvular calcification, 18F-NaF PET/CT may be a valuable tool for evaluation of emerging therapeutic interventions in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi A Ahmad
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mean Ghim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Afarin Neishabouri
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Devi Ojha
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kiran Gona
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Muhammad Zawwad Raza
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicole Guerrera
- Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut;
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Salarian M, Ghim M, Toczek J, Han J, Weiss D, Spronck B, Ramachandra AB, Jung JJ, Kukreja G, Zhang J, Lakheram D, Kim SK, Humphrey JD, Sadeghi MM. Homeostatic, Non-Canonical Role of Macrophage Elastase in Vascular Integrity. Circ Res 2023; 132:432-448. [PMID: 36691905 PMCID: PMC9930896 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 is highly expressed in abdominal aortic aneurysms and its elastolytic function has been implicated in the pathogenesis. This concept is challenged, however, by conflicting data. Here, we sought to revisit the role of MMP-12 in abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS Apoe-/- and Mmp12-/-/Apoe-/- mice were infused with Ang II (angiotensin). Expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) markers and complement component 3 (C3) levels were evaluated by immunostaining in aortas of surviving animals. Plasma complement components were analyzed by immunoassay. The effects of a complement inhibitor, IgG-FH1-5 (factor H-immunoglobulin G), and macrophage-specific MMP-12 deficiency on adverse aortic remodeling and death from rupture in Ang II-infused mice were determined. RESULTS Unexpectedly, death from aortic rupture was significantly higher in Mmp12-/-/Apoe-/- mice. This associated with more neutrophils, citrullinated histone H3 and neutrophil elastase, markers of NETs, and C3 levels in Mmp12-/- aortas. These findings were recapitulated in additional models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. MMP-12 deficiency also led to more pronounced elastic laminae degradation and reduced collagen integrity. Higher plasma C5a in Mmp12-/- mice pointed to complement overactivation. Treatment with IgG-FH1-5 decreased aortic wall NETosis and reduced adverse aortic remodeling and death from rupture in Ang II-infused Mmp12-/- mice. Finally, macrophage-specific MMP-12 deficiency recapitulated the effects of global MMP-12 deficiency on complement deposition and NETosis, as well as adverse aortic remodeling and death from rupture in Ang II-infused mice. CONCLUSIONS An MMP-12 deficiency/complement activation/NETosis pathway compromises aortic integrity, which predisposes to adverse vascular remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Considering these new findings, the role of macrophage MMP-12 in vascular homeostasis demands re-evaluation of MMP-12 function in diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Salarian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Mean Ghim
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Jinah Han
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Dar Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.S., A.B.R., J.D.H.)
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.S., A.B.R., J.D.H.)
| | - Abhay B. Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.S., A.B.R., J.D.H.)
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
| | | | - Sung-Kwon Kim
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT (D.L., S.-K.K.)
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.S., A.B.R., J.D.H.)
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.)
| | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (M.S., M.G., J.T., J.H., J.-J.J., G.K., J.Z., M.M.S.)
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3
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Jung JJ, Ahmad AA, Rajendran S, Wei L, Zhang J, Toczek J, Nie L, Kukreja G, Salarian M, Gona K, Ghim M, Chakraborty R, Martin KA, Tellides G, Heistad D, Sadeghi MM. Differential BMP Signaling Mediates the Interplay Between Genetics and Leaflet Numbers in Aortic Valve Calcification. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:333-345. [PMID: 35540096 PMCID: PMC9079798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a neuropilin-like protein, DCBLD2, is reduced in human calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). DCBLD2-deficient mice develop bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and CAVD, which is more severe in BAV mice compared with tricuspid littermates. In vivo and in vitro studies link this observation to up-regulated bone morphogenic protein (BMP)2 expression in the presence of DCBLD2 down-regulation, and enhanced BMP2 signaling in BAV, indicating that a combination of genetics and BAV promotes aortic valve calcification and stenosis. This pathway may be a therapeutic target to prevent CAVD progression in BAV.
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Key Words
- BAV, bicuspid aortic valve
- BMP, bone morphogenic protein
- CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease
- DCBLD2, discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2
- EC, endothelial cell
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SMAD, homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans Sma and the Drosophila mad, mothers against decapentaplegic
- TAV, tricuspid aortic valve
- VIC, valvular interstitial cell
- WT, wild type
- aortic stenosis
- aortic valve
- bicuspid aortic valve
- calcification
- mouse models
- pVIC, porcine valvular interstitial cell
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Azmi A. Ahmad
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Saranya Rajendran
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linyan Wei
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mani Salarian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kiran Gona
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mean Ghim
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Donald Heistad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Mehran M. Sadeghi, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 770G, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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4
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Toczek J, Boodagh P, Sanzida N, Ghim M, Salarian M, Gona K, Kukreja G, Rajendran S, Wei L, Han J, Zhang J, Jung JJ, Graham M, Liu X, Sadeghi MM. Computed tomography imaging of macrophage phagocytic activity in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Theranostics 2021; 11:5876-5888. [PMID: 33897887 PMCID: PMC8058712 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of several vascular pathologies, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Evaluating the role of inflammation in AAA pathobiology and potentially outcome in vivo requires non-invasive tools for high-resolution imaging. We investigated the feasibility of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging of phagocytic activity using nanoparticle contrast agents to predict AAA outcome. Methods: Uptake of several nanoparticle CT contrast agents was evaluated in a macrophage cell line. The most promising agent, Exitron nano 12000, was further characterized in vitro and used for subsequent in vivo testing. AAA was induced in Apoe-/- mice through angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for up to 4 weeks. Nanoparticle biodistribution and uptake in AAA were evaluated by CT imaging in Ang II-infused Apoe-/- mice. After imaging, the aortic tissue was harvested and used from morphometry, transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis. A group of Ang II-infused Apoe-/- mice underwent nanoparticle-enhanced CT imaging within the first week of Ang II infusion, and their survival and aortic external diameter were evaluated at 4 weeks to address the value of vessel wall CT enhancement in predicting AAA outcome. Results: Exitron nano 12000 showed specific uptake in macrophages in vitro. Nanoparticle accumulation was observed by CT imaging in tissues rich in mononuclear phagocytes. Aortic wall enhancement was detectable on delayed CT images following nanoparticle administration and correlated with vessel wall CD68 expression. Transmission electron microscopy ascertained the presence of nanoparticles in AAA adventitial macrophages. Nanoparticle-induced CT enhancement on images obtained within one week of AAA induction was predictive of AAA outcome at 4 weeks. Conclusions: By establishing the feasibility of CT-based molecular imaging of phagocytic activity in AAA, this study links the inflammatory signal on early time point images to AAA evolution. This readily available technology overcomes an important barrier to cross-sectional, longitudinal and outcome studies, not only in AAA, but also in other cardiovascular pathologies and facilitates the evaluation of modulatory interventions, and ultimately upon clinical translation, patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Parnaz Boodagh
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Nowshin Sanzida
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Mean Ghim
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Mani Salarian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Saranya Rajendran
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Linyan Wei
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Morven Graham
- CCMI Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Xinran Liu
- CCMI Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
| | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (USA)
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (USA)
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5
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Gona K, Toczek J, Ye Y, Sanzida N, Golbazi A, Boodagh P, Salarian M, Jung JJ, Rajendran S, Kukreja G, Wu TL, Devel L, Sadeghi MM. Hydroxamate-Based Selective Macrophage Elastase (MMP-12) Inhibitors and Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15037-15049. [PMID: 33206510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage elastase [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12] is the most upregulated MMP in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and, hence, MMP-12-targeted imaging may predict AAA progression and rupture risk. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of three novel hydroxamate-based selective MMP-12 inhibitors (CGA, CGA-1, and AGA) and the methodology to obtain MMP-12 selectivity from hydroxamate-based panMMP inhibitors. Also, we report two 99mTc-radiotracers, 99mTc-AGA-1 and 99mTc-AGA-2, derived from AGA. 99mTc-AGA-2 displayed faster blood clearance in mice and better radiochemical stability compared to 99mTc-AGA-1. Based on this, 99mTc-AGA-2 was chosen as the lead tracer and tested in murine AAA. 99mTc-AGA-2 uptake detected by autoradiography was significantly higher in AAA compared to normal aortic regions. Specific binding of the tracer to MMP-12 was demonstrated through ex vivo competition. Accordingly, this study introduces a novel family of selective MMP-12 inhibitors and tracers, paving the way for further development of these agents as therapeutic and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Nowshin Sanzida
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Arvene Golbazi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Parnaz Boodagh
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Mani Salarian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Saranya Rajendran
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Gunjan Kukreja
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Terence L Wu
- Yale West Campus Analytical Core, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Sante (MTS), SIMoS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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6
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Toczek J, Bordenave T, Gona K, Kim HY, Beau F, Georgiadis D, Correia I, Ye Y, Razavian M, Jung JJ, Lequin O, Dive V, Sadeghi MM, Devel L. Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 Selective Radiotracers for Vascular Molecular Imaging. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9743-9752. [PMID: 31603669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is highly upregulated in several inflammatory diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Here we report four novel 99mTc-labeled radiotracers derived from a highly selective competitive MMP-12 inhibitor. These tracers in their 99gTc version were assessed in vitro on a set of human metalloproteases and displayed high affinity and selectivity toward MMP-12. Their radiolabeling with 99mTc was shown to be efficient and stable in both buffer and mouse blood. The tracers showed major differences in their biodistribution and blood clearance. On the basis of its in vivo performance, [99mTc]-1 was selected for evaluation in murine AAA, where MMP-12 gene expression is upregulated. Autoradiography of aortae at 2 h postinjection revealed high uptake of [99mTc]-1 in AAA relative to adjacent aorta. Tracer uptake specificity was demonstrated through in vivo competition. This study paves the way for further evaluation of [99mTc]-1 for imaging AAA and other MMP-12-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Thomas Bordenave
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Fabrice Beau
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 , France
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7
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Ye Y, Toczek J, Gona K, Kim HY, Han J, Razavian M, Golestani R, Zhang J, Wu TL, Ghosh M, Jung JJ, Sadeghi MM. Novel Arginine-containing Macrocyclic MMP Inhibitors: Synthesis, 99mTc-labeling, and Evaluation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11647. [PMID: 30076321 PMCID: PMC6076275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tissue remodeling. Accordingly, MMP inhibitors and related radiolabeled analogs are important tools for MMP-targeted imaging and therapy in a number of diseases. Herein, we report design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new Arginine-containing macrocyclic hydroxamate analog, RYM, its hydrazinonicotinamide conjugate, RYM1 and 99mTc-labeled analog 99mTc-RYM1 for molecular imaging. RYM exhibited potent inhibition against a panel of recombinant human (rh) MMPs in vitro. RYM1 was efficiently labeled with 99mTcO4- to give 99mTc-RYM1 in a high radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. RYM1 and its decayed labeling product displayed similar inhibition potencies against rhMMP-12. Furthermore, 99mTc-RYM1 exhibited specific binding with lung tissue from lung-specific interleukin-13 transgenic mice, in which MMP activity is increased in conjunction with tissue remodeling and inflammation. The results support further development of such new water-soluble Arginine-containing macrocyclic hydroxamate MMP inhibitors for targeted imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ye
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reza Golestani
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terence L Wu
- Yale West Campus Analytical Core, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- Yale West Campus Analytical Core, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) can progress to symptomatic aortic stenosis in a subset of patients. The severity of aortic stenosis and the extent of valvular calcification can be evaluated readily by echocardiography, CT, and MRI using well-established imaging protocols. However, these techniques fail to address optimally other important aspects of CAVD, including the propensity for disease progression, risk of complications in asymptomatic patients, and the effect of therapeutic interventions on valvular biology. These gaps may be addressed by molecular imaging targeted at key biological processes such as inflammation, remodeling, and calcification that mediate the development and progression of CAVD. In this review, recent advances in valvular molecular imaging, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET, and matrix metalloproteinase-targeted SPECT imaging in the preclinical and clinical settings are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Farid Jadbabaie
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, #770G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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9
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Toczek J, Ye Y, Gona K, Kim HY, Han J, Razavian M, Golestani R, Zhang J, Wu TL, Jung JJ, Sadeghi MM. Preclinical Evaluation of RYM1, a Matrix Metalloproteinase-Targeted Tracer for Imaging Aneurysm. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1318-1323. [PMID: 28360209 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.188656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Accordingly, MMP-targeted imaging provides important information regarding vessel wall biology in the course of aneurysm development. Given the small size of the vessel wall and its proximity with blood, molecular imaging of aneurysm optimally requires highly sensitive tracers with rapid blood clearance. To this end, we developed a novel hydrosoluble zwitterionic MMP inhibitor, RYM, on the basis of which a pan-MMP tracer, RYM1, was designed. Here, we describe the development and preclinical evaluation of RYM1 in comparison with RP805, a commonly used pan-MMP tracer in murine models of aneurysm. Methods: The macrocyclic hydroxamate-based pan-MMP inhibitor coupled with 6-hydrazinonicotinamide, RYM1, was synthesized and labeled with 99mTc. Radiochemical stability of 99mTc-RYM1 was evaluated by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Tracer blood kinetics and biodistribution were compared with 99mTc-RP805 in C57BL/6J mice (n = 10). 99mTc-RYM1 binding to aneurysm and specificity were evaluated by quantitative autoradiography in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice with CaCl2-induced carotid aneurysm (n = 11). Angiotensin II-infused apoE-/- (n = 16) mice were used for small-animal SPECT/CT imaging. Aortic tissue MMP activity and macrophage marker CD68 expression were assessed by zymography and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: RYM1 showed nanomolar range inhibition constants for several MMPs. 99mTc-RYM1 was radiochemically stable in mouse blood for 5 h and demonstrated rapid renal clearance and lower blood levels in vivo compared with 99mTc-RP805. 99mTc-RYM1 binding to aneurysm and its specificity were shown by autoradiography in carotid aneurysm. Angiotensin II infusion in apoE-/- mice for 4 wk resulted in AAA formation in 36% (4/11) of surviving animals. In vivo 99mTc-RYM1 small-animal SPECT/CT images showed higher uptake of the tracer in AAA than nondilated aortae. Finally, aortic uptake of 99mTc-RYM1 in vivo correlated with aortic MMP activity and CD68 expression. Conclusion: The newly developed pan-MMP inhibitor-based tracer 99mTc-RYM1 displays favorable pharmacokinetics for early vascular imaging and enables specific detection of inflammation and MMP activity in aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Kiran Gona
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Reza Golestani
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Terence L Wu
- Yale West Campus Analytical Core, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut .,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; and
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10
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Kwon WS, Rha SY, Jeung HC, Ahn JB, Jung JJ, Ki DH, Kim TS, Chung HC. ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant enhances chemosensitivity to anti-cancer agents acting on microtubule dynamics through LAMP1 inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 123:73-84. [PMID: 27832934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ABCB1 associated with single nucleotide variants in cancers was reported to encode a protein responsible for drug resistance. We studied chemosensitivity-related genes associated with ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant. The associated genes were identified based on the results of the significance analysis of microarray, and then prediction accuracy was evaluated using the prediction analysis of microarray. Functional assay of the selected gene was performed by using siRNA and drug accumulation study. A higher frequency of chemoresistance to microtubule-modulating agents was found in cell lines with wild-type ABCB1 compared to cell lines with 2677G>T/A ABCB1 variant. Based on the pharmacogenetic association study with 2677 variant, we identified seven genes that could predict chemosensitivity to microtubule dynamics modulators. The classification accuracy with these seven genes was 90.0%, and the predicted probability was 0.73. LAMP1 was the only gene that was commonly related to chemosensitivity. LAMP1 expression levels were relatively higher in chemoresistant ABCB1 wild-type compared to chemosensitive polymorphic cells. But, there was no difference in ABCB1 expression levels between the two groups. Following LAMP1 siRNA, chemosensitivity was restored due to increased intracellular drug accumulation in wild type cell line. In conclusion, ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant enhances chemosensitivity on microtubule dynamics through LAMP1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sun Kwon
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Ki
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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12
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Jung JJ, Razavian M, Kim HY, Ye Y, Golestani R, Toczek J, Zhang J, Sadeghi MM. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, doxycycline and progression of calcific aortic valve disease in hyperlipidemic mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32659. [PMID: 27619752 PMCID: PMC5020643 DOI: 10.1038/srep32659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common cause of aortic stenosis. Currently, there is no non-invasive medical therapy for CAVD. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in CAVD and play a role in its pathogenesis. Here, we evaluated the effect of doxycycline, a nonselective MMP inhibitor on CAVD progression in the mouse. Apolipoprotein (apo)E−/− mice (n = 20) were fed a Western diet (WD) to induce CAVD. After 3 months, half of the animals was treated with doxycycline, while the others continued WD alone. After 6 months, we evaluated the effect of doxycycline on CAVD progression by echocardiography, MMP-targeted micro single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT), and tissue analysis. Despite therapeutic blood levels, doxycycline had no significant effect on MMP activation, aortic valve leaflet separation or flow velocity. This lack of effect on in vivo images was confirmed on tissue analysis which showed a similar level of aortic valve gelatinase activity, and inflammation between the two groups of animals. In conclusion, doxycycline (100 mg/kg/day) had no effect on CAVD progression in apoE−/− mice with early disease. Studies with more potent and specific inhibitors are needed to establish any potential role of MMP inhibition in CAVD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Reza Golestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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13
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Golestani R, Razavian M, Ye Y, Zhang J, Jung JJ, Toczek J, Gona K, Kim HY, Elias JA, Lee CG, Homer RJ, Sadeghi MM. Matrix Metalloproteinase-Targeted Imaging of Lung Inflammation and Remodeling. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:138-143. [PMID: 27469361 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.176198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques for detection of molecular and cellular processes that precede or accompany lung diseases are needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in the development of pulmonary pathology. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of in vivo MMP-targeted molecular imaging for detection of lung inflammation and remodeling. METHODS Lung-specific IL-13 transgenic (Club cell 10-kDa protein [CC10]-IL-13 Tg) mice and wild-type littermates were used in this study. Lung structure, gene expression, and MMP activity were assessed by histology, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and zymography. MMP activation was imaged by in vivo small-animal SPECT/CT followed by ex vivo planar imaging. Signal specificity was addressed using a control tracer. The correlation between in vivo MMP signal and gene expression was addressed. RESULTS CC10-IL-13 Tg mice developed considerable pulmonary tissue remodeling and inflammation. CD68, MMP-12, and MMP-13 were significantly higher in CC10-IL-13 Tg lungs. On in vivo small-animal SPECT/CT and ex vivo planar images, the MMP signal was significantly higher in the lungs of CC10-IL-13 Tg mice than wild-type animals. Furthermore, a nonbinding analog tracer showed significantly lower accumulation in CC10-IL-13 Tg lungs relative to the specific tracer. There was a significant correlation between small-animal SPECT/CT-derived MMP signal and CD68 expression in the lungs (r = 0.70, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Small-animal SPECT/CT-based MMP-targeted imaging of the lungs is feasible and reflects pulmonary inflammation. If validated in humans, molecular imaging of inflammation and remodeling can potentially help early diagnosis and monitoring of the effects of therapeutic interventions in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Golestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kiran Gona
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Robert J Homer
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut .,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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14
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Li X, Jung JJ, Nie L, Razavian M, Zhang J, Samuel V, Sadeghi MM. The neuropilin-like protein ESDN regulates insulin signaling and sensitivity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1184-93. [PMID: 26921437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00782.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin effects on cell metabolism, growth, and survival are mediated by its binding to, and activation of, insulin receptor. With increasing prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes there is considerable interest in identifying novel regulators of insulin signal transduction. The transmembrane protein endothelial and smooth muscle cell-derived neuropilin-like protein (ESDN) is a novel regulator of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. Here, we investigate a potential role of ESDN in insulin signaling, demonstrating that Esdn gene deletion promotes insulin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This is associated with enhanced protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation as well as insulin receptor phosphorylation. Likewise, insulin signaling in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue is enhanced in Esdn(-/-) mice, and these animals exhibit improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in vivo. The effect of ESDN on insulin signaling is traced back to its interaction with insulin receptor, which alters the receptor interaction with regulatory adaptor protein-E3 ubiquitin ligase pairs, adaptor protein with pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2 domain-c-Cbl and growth factor receptor bound protein 10-neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4. In conclusion, our findings establish ESDN as an inhibitor of insulin receptor signal transduction through a novel regulatory mechanism. Loss of ESDN potentiates insulin's metabolic and mitotic effects and provides insights into a novel therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; and
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Varman Samuel
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut;
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15
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Jung JJ, Razavian M, Challa AA, Nie L, Golestani R, Zhang J, Ye Y, Russell KS, Robinson SP, Heistad DD, Sadeghi MM. Multimodality and molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activation in calcific aortic valve disease. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:933-8. [PMID: 25908827 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.152355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common cause of aortic stenosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in CAVD and contribute to valvular remodeling and calcification. We investigated the feasibility and correlates of MMP-targeted molecular imaging for detection of valvular biology in CAVD. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 3, 6, and 9 mo (n = 108) to induce CAVD. Wild-type mice served as the control group (n = 24). The development of CAVD was tracked with CT, echocardiography, MMP-targeted small-animal SPECT imaging using (99m)Tc-RP805, and histologic analysis. RESULTS Key features of CAVD—leaflet thickening and valvular calcification—were noted after 6 mo of WD and were more pronounced after 9 mo. These findings were associated with a significant reduction in aortic valve leaflet separation and a significant increase in transaortic valve flow velocity. On in vivo SPECT/CT images, MMP signal in the aortic valve area was significantly higher at 6 mo in WD mice than in control mice and decreased thereafter. The specificity of the signal was demonstrated by blocking, using an excess of nonlabeled precursor. Similar to MMP signal, MMP activity as determined by in situ zymography and valvular inflammation by CD68 staining were maximal at 6 mo. In vivo (99m)Tc-RP805 uptake correlated significantly with MMP activity (R(2) = 0.94, P < 0.05) and CD68 expression (R(2) = 0.98, P < 0.01) in CAVD. CONCLUSION MMP-targeted imaging detected valvular inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of CAVD. If this ability is confirmed in humans, the technique may provide a tool for tracking the effect of emerging medical therapeutic interventions and for predicting outcome in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Azariyas A Challa
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Reza Golestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kerry S Russell
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Donald D Heistad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Golestani R, Razavian M, Nie L, Zhang J, Jung JJ, Ye Y, de Roo M, Hilgerink K, Liu C, Robinson SP, Sadeghi MM. Imaging vessel wall biology to predict outcome in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:e002471. [PMID: 25550400 PMCID: PMC4284949 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk is currently determined based on size and symptoms. This approach does not address the rupture risk associated with small aneurysms. Given the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in AAA weakening and rupture, we investigated the potential of MMP-targeted imaging for detection of aneurysm biology and prediction of outcome in a mouse model of AAA with spontaneous rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen-week-old mice (n=66) were infused with angiotensin II for 4 weeks to induce AAA. Saline-infused mice (n=16) served as control. The surviving animals underwent in vivo MMP-targeted micro-single photon emission computed tomographic/computed tomographic imaging, using RP805, a technetium-99m-labeled MMP-specific tracer, followed by ex vivo planar imaging, morphometry, and gene expression analysis. RP805 uptake in suprarenal aorta on micro-single photon emission computed tomographic images was significantly higher in animals with AAA when compared with angiotensin II-infused animals without AAA or control animals. CD68 expression and MMP activity were increased in AAA, and significant correlations were noted between RP805 uptake and CD68 expression or MMP activity but not aortic diameter. A group of angiotensin II-infused animals (n=24) were imaged at 1 week and were followed up for additional 3 weeks. RP805 uptake in suprarenal aorta at 1 week was significantly higher in mice that later developed rupture or AAA. Furthermore, tracer uptake at 1 week correlated with aortic diameter at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS MMP-targeted imaging reflects vessel wall inflammation and can predict future aortic expansion or rupture in murine AAA. If confirmed in humans, this may provide a new paradigm for AAA risk stratification.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Rupture/diagnosis
- Aortic Rupture/etiology
- Aortic Rupture/metabolism
- Aortography
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme Activation
- Feasibility Studies
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Imaging/methods
- Multimodal Imaging
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Golestani
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Lei Nie
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Yunpeng Ye
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Michelle de Roo
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Koen Hilgerink
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Chi Liu
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Simon P Robinson
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.)
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (R.G., M.R., L.N., J.Z., J.-J.J., Y.Y, M.d.R., K.H., M.M.S.); and Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.P.R.).
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Razavian M, Nie L, Challa A, Zhang J, Golestani R, Jung JJ, Robinson S, Sadeghi MM. Lipid lowering and imaging protease activation in atherosclerosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:319-328. [PMID: 24368425 PMCID: PMC3991560 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid lowering is a mainstay of modern therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis. We sought to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-targeted microSPECT imaging for tracking of the effect of lipid-lowering interventions on plaque biology in atherosclerotic mice in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice fed on a high fat diet (HFD) for 2 months were randomly assigned to continuation of HFD, HFD plus simvastatin, HFD plus fenofibrate and high fat withdrawal (HFW). The animals underwent serial microSPECT/CT imaging using RP805, a (99m)Tc-labeled MMP-targeted tracer at 1 and 4 weeks after randomization. All three interventions reduced total blood cholesterol by 4 weeks. In animals on HFD, aortic arch RP805 uptake significantly increased from 1 week to 4 weeks. Tracer uptake in fenofibrate and HFW groups was significantly lower than uptake in the HFD group at 4 weeks. Similarly, CD 68 gene expression, reflecting plaque inflammation, was significantly lower in fenofibrate and HFW groups compared to HFD group. MMP tracer uptake significantly correlated with aortic CD68, but not VE-cadherin or smooth muscle α-actin expression. CONCLUSIONS MMP tracer uptake paralleled the effect of lipid-lowering interventions on plaque inflammation in atherosclerotic mice. MMP-targeted imaging may be used to track the effect of therapeutic interventions in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Razavian
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Lei Nie
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Azariyas Challa
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Reza Golestani
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | | | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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18
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Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Tiwari A, Ye D, Lin F, Choudhury A. Syntaxin 16 regulates lumen formation during epithelial morphogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61857. [PMID: 23626741 PMCID: PMC3633931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of cell-cell junctions, both under physiological and pathological conditions, requires the targeting and trafficking of junctional proteins. Proteins of the syntaxin (Stx)-family localize to a variety of subcellular membranes and contribute to intracellular transport of cargo by regulating vesicle fusion events at these sites. Unlike plasma membrane localized Stxs, the roles of endosome- and Golgi-localized stx proteins in epithelial morphogenesis are less understood. Here we show that Stx16- an endosome- and Golgi-localized target-membrane soluble N-ethylmaleimide attachment protein receptor (t-SNARE) that plays a role in membrane trafficking between these compartments - is essential for lumen development. In cultured Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, Stx16 was selectively upregulated as sparsely plated cells attained confluency. Stx16-depleted confluent monolayers consistently showed lower transepithelial resistance than control monolayers, and failed to maintain endogenous and ectopically expressed E-cadherin at the adherens junctions due to decreased recycling. We further found that whereas cysts formed by MDCK cells cultured in Matrigel have a single hollow lumen, those formed by stx16-depleted counterparts had multiple lumens, due to abnormal orientiation of the mitotic spindle. Finally, a similar role for stx16 function in vivo is indicated by our analysis of pronephric-duct development in zebrafish expressing the claudinB:lynGFP transgene; lack of stx16 function in this structure (in stx16-morphant embryos) led to the development of enlarged, torturous pronephric ducts with more than one lumen. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo studies establish a role for Stx16 in maintaining the integrity of cell-cell junctions, and thereby in morphogenesis of the kidney epithelial lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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19
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Tiwari A, Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Nihalani D, Choudhury A. The myosin motor Myo1c is required for VEGFR2 delivery to the cell surface and for angiogenic signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H687-96. [PMID: 23262137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00744.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates angiogenic signal transduction under both physiological and pathological conditions. VEGFR2 turnover at the plasma membrane (PM) is regulated by its transport through endocytic and secretory transport pathways. Short-range cargo trafficking along actin filaments is commonly regulated by motor proteins of myosin superfamily. In the current study, performed in primary human endothelial cells, we demonstrate that unconventional myosin 1c (Myo1c; class I family member) regulates the localization of VEGFR2 at the PM. We further demonstrate that the recruitment of VEGFR2 to the PM and its colocalization with Myo1c and caveolin-1 occur in response to VEGF-A (VEGF) stimulation. In addition, VEGF-induced delivery of VEGFR2 to the cell surface requires Myo1c; surface VEGFR2 levels are reduced in the absence of Myo1c and, more importantly, are restored by the overexpression of wild-type but not mutant Myo1c. Subcellular density gradient fractionation revealed that partitioning of VEGFR2 into caveolin-1- and Myo1c-enriched membrane fractions is dependent on VEGF stimulation. Myo1c depletion resulted in increased VEGF-induced VEGFR2 transport to the lysosomes for degradation and was rescued by applying either brefeldin A, which blocks trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, or dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin-mediated endocytosis. Myo1c depletion also reduced VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y1175 and phosphorylation-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and c-Src kinase, leading to reduced cell proliferation and cell migration. This is the first report demonstrating that Myo1c is an important mediator of VEGF-induced VEGFR2 delivery to the cell surface and plays a role in angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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20
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Noh S, Jung JJ, Jung M, Kim TS, Park CH, Lim SJ, Jeung HC, Cheol H, Chung HC, Rha SY. MMP-2 as a putative biomarker for carcinomatosis in gastric cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:2015-9. [PMID: 22024074 DOI: 10.5754/hge11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 as novel biomarkers in the body fluid of advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal and pulmonary metastasis. METHODOLOGY MMPs activity from zymography was quantified with ELISA to determine the cut-off expression levels of MMPs. The expression of MMPs in patient samples were evaluated with ELISA and compared with clinical parameters. Ascitic CEA (aCEA) and pleural CEA (pCEA) were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS MMP-2 and -9 cut-off levels were 8.6ng/mL and 0.14ng/mL, respectively. Ascitic fluid cytology of 93 patients revealed a positivity of 55.9% while for MMP-2 it was 93.3%, for MMP-9 35.2% and for aCEA 86.7%. Combining biomarkers, the positivity increased to 99.1% in patients with MMP-2 or aCEA expression. We found a negative correlation between MMP-2 expression and survival when a new prognostic cut-off of 22.6ng/mL was used. Patients with high MMP-2 expression (≥22.6ng/mL) had a median survival of 45 days and those with low MMP-2 expression (<22.6ng/mL) had a median survival of 69 days (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MMPs could be used as diagnostic markers in body fluid and MMP-2 might be a prognostic marker in ascites of advanced gastric patients with disseminated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Noh
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Noh S, Jung JJ, Jung M, Kim KH, Lee HY, Wang B, Cho J, Kim TS, Jeung HC, Rha SY. Body fluid MMP-2 as a putative biomarker in metastatic breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:699-703. [PMID: 22740979 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 as novel biomarkers in the body fluid of patients with metastatic breast cancer. We measured the expression of MMPs in 37 samples of body fluid (10 peritoneal and 27 pleural fluids) from metastatic breast cancer patients between 2000 and 2009. Zymography and ELISA assays were used to determine the cut-off level and to quantify MMP expression from a positive control, HT-1080 conditioned media. MMP expression in patient samples was measured with ELISA and compared with other clinical parameters. Ascitic carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and pleural CEA were measured in patient samples with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Body fluid cytology had a positivity of 45% (9/20) for pleural fluid and 28.6% (2/7) for ascites. However, MMP-2 had a positivity of 85.2% (23/27) in 27 pleural fluid samples and 100% (10/10) in ascitic fluid with cut-off levels of 8.6 and 0.14 ng/ml for MMP-2 and -9, respectively. When body fluid CEA and MMP-2 were combined, the positivity improved to 96% in pleural fluid and 100% in ascites. MMP-2 expression in body fluid did not show any significant differences, but MMP-9 expression was lower in ascites than in pleural fluids (p<0.005). Our results suggest that MMP-2 expression in body fluid be used as an additive diagnostic marker for metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Noh
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tiwari A, Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Brown CO, Goel A, Choudhury A. Endothelial cell migration on fibronectin is regulated by syntaxin 6-mediated alpha5beta1 integrin recycling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36749-61. [PMID: 21880737 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.260828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The α5β1 integrin heterodimer regulates many processes that contribute to embryonic development and angiogenesis, in both physiological and pathological contexts. As one of the major adhesion complexes on endothelial cells, it plays a vital role in adhesion and migration along the extracellular matrix. We recently showed that angiogenesis is modulated by syntaxin 6, a Golgi- and endosome-localized t-SNARE, and that it does so by regulating the post-Golgi trafficking of VEGFR2. Here we show that syntaxin 6 is also required for α5β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial cells to, and migration along, fibronectin. We demonstrate that syntaxin 6 and α5β1 integrin colocalize in EEA1-containing early endosomes, and that functional inhibition of syntaxin 6 leads to misrouting of β1 integrin to the degradation pathway (late endosomes and lysosomes) rather transport along recycling pathway from early endosomes; an increase in the pool of ubiquitinylated α5 integrin and its lysosome-dependent degradation; reduced cell spreading on fibronectin; decreased Rac1 activation; and altered Rac1 localization. Collectively, our data show that functional syntaxin 6 is required for the regulation of α5β1-mediated endothelial cell movement on fibronectin. These syntaxin 6-regulated membrane trafficking events control outside-in signaling via haptotactic and chemotactic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Jung JJ, Noh S, Jeung HC, Jung M, Kim TS, Noh SH, Roh JK, Chung HC, Rha SY. Chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1 as a putative biomarker for gastric cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2200-6. [PMID: 20731665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease that is not well detected by current tumor markers. Identifying molecular markers that can predict the potential for tumor progression is important for appropriate individualized therapy. Using the Cancer Metastasis Research Center microarray database (17K cDNA microarray), we identified genes that were differentially expressed between 96 cancer and 98 normal gastric tissues using significant analysis of microarrays. From these, we selected genes that were overexpressed more than twofold in tumor tissues that encode secreted proteins. The selected genes were validated with ELISA using the sera of 96 GC patients and 48 healthy donors. Our first round of selection included 6510 genes that were differentially expressed between 96 cancer and 98 normal gastric tissues with a minimal false discovery rate of 0.005%. Out of those genes, we picked 386 that encoded secreted proteins based on the SOURCE database. Of these genes, we focused on 55 that were overexpressed more than twofold in GC compared to normal tissues. With Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found 34 genes related to cancer. One in particular, chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1, CXCL1, has been linked to cancer progression in various cancer types, but not yet to GC. Levels of CXCL1 in serum samples of GC patients were significantly higher compared with healthy donors (P < 0.05). Within GC patients, CXCL1 serum levels increased according to tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. The CXCL1 gene appears to be a candidate marker for GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon BR, Jung JJ, Jeung HC, Shin KH, Kim TS, Chung HC, Roh JK, Rha SY. Abstract 2541: Anti-tumor efficacy of molecular targeted agents in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone cancer which is characterized by local invasion and distant metastasis. With the use of multi-agent chemotherapy, there have been improvements in the overall survival. However, drug resistance still remains a problem resulting in poor outcome. Currently, targeted agents are being evaluated as a novel method for various cancers, but the efficacy of the agents in OS is not well known.
We examined the protein expression of c-Met, Akt, mTOR and their phosphorylated status in seven OS cell lines (MG-63, HOS, KHOS/NP, SK-ES-1, U-2OS, Saos-2, and G-292) using western blot. In addition, we evaluated the protein expression of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. To determine the efficacy of the targeted agents in OS, PHA-665752 (c-Met inhibitor) and Akti2-1/2 (Akt inhibitor) were evaluated in OS cell lines using the standard MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The drug concentration at which 50% of cells survived (IC50, μM) was calculated using Calcusyn software. Results were expressed as percent cell survival, which is calculated using the following formula: % survival = [(mean absorbance of test wells - standard absorbance) / (mean absorbance of control wells - standard absorbance)] × 100.
Seven OS cell lines had various expression levels of c-Met and p-Met with similar patterns. High levels of the Akt were observed in all the cell lines, but the levels of p-Akt varied. All the cell lines similarly expressed moderate levels of p-mTOR and PTEN. We observed that two cell lines, HOS and KHOS/NP, which both had high expression of c-Met and p-Met were sensitive to PHA-665752, less than 1.0 uM of IC50s. The IC50s of the other five cell lines were higher than 1.0 uM, suggesting resistant to PHA-665752. Especially, Saos-2 c resistant to PHA-665752 (IC50 > 5uM) while showing high c-met and p-met expression with the highest p-Akt expression. The high expression of p-Akt seemed to be an alternative survival factor in the presence of PHA-665752. As we expected, there was a negative correlation between p-Akt and PTEN. Although p-Akt expression in OS cell lines differed, five of seven cell lines were evenly sensitive to Akti2-1/2, probably due to high expression of Akt in all cell lines.
In this study, we presented that osteosarcoma cell lines had various activated status and the targeted agents were effective when the c-Met and Akt were expressed. These targeted agents could be applicable in osteosarcoma by blocking the survival signaling pathway with single or combination treatment.
This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kwon
- 1Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- 2Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- 2Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyoo-Ho Shin
- 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- 2Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Jae Kyung Roh
- 2Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sun Young Rha
- 2Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Yoon SH, Lee ME, Jeung HC, Jung JJ, Kim TS, Chung HC, Shin SJ, Rha SY. Abstract 3957: Identification of activated receptor tyrosine kinases in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve gastric cancer treatment, relevant molecular targets need to be identified. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are multifunctional transmembrane proteins and important mediators of the signaling cascade, determining key roles in diverse biological processes like proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of cancer cells. To determine if any of these RTKs are activated in gastric cancer, we performed phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase array with 25 gastric cancer cell lines using Human Phospho-RTK Antibody Proteome Profiler Array (R&D Systems) which includes 42 different tyrosine kinases. Relative levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of RTKs among these cell lines were determined as a ratio relative to four positive phosphorylated tyrosine kinase control's intensity in each membrane.
We found that various growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases were differentially activated and 15 of 42 RTKs were highly activated with mean intensity >5 among 25 gastric cancer cell lines. The highly activated RTKs were: EGFR (93.2), ErbB2 (33.0), HGFR (27.6), ErbB3 (26.2), IGF-IR (17.2), InsulinR (13.9), Mer (12.9), FGFR2α (11.4), Dtk (10.1), EphA7 (9.5), Tie-2 (8.9), MSPR (6.5), c-Ret (6.4), FGFR3 (5.4), and ErbB4 (5.1). These receptors basically belong to the EGF, HGF, FGF, Insulin, Tie, and Ephrin growth factor gene families_all of which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation or signal transduction. We confirmed that increased RTKs phosphorylation observed by RTK array analysis was correlated with the expression level of each protein by immunoblotting. Additionally, we showed that Met gene amplification by quantitative real-time PCR is associated with Met activation in gastric cancer cell lines. In conclusion, these activated RTKs may work as potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer and helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3957.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tae Soo Kim
- 1Severance hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Jung M, Jung JJ, Noh SW, Jeung HC, Kim TS, Kim HS, Noh SH, Roh J, Chung HC, Rha SY. Abstract B39: CXCL1 as a putative tumor marker for gastric cancer progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-b39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease and current tumor markers are limited in its application. Therefore finding molecular markers that are able to predict the potential of tumor progression is important for appropriate individualized therapy. With the Cancer Metastasis Research Center (CMRC) microarray database (17K cDNA microarray), we identified differentially expressed genes between 96 cancer and 98 normal gastric tissues using Significant Analysis of Microarray (SAM). Among them, more than 2-fold overexpressed genes in tumor tissues which encode secreted proteins were selected. The selected gene was validated with ELISA assay using sera of 96 GC patients and 48 healthy donors. We first selected 6510 genes which were differentially expressed between 96 cancer and 98 normal gastric tissues with minimal false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.005%. Then, out of 6510 genes, we picked 386 genes which encode secreted proteins based on SOURCE database. Among 386 genes, we focused on the 55 genes overexpressed more that 2-fold in GC compared to normal. With Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found 34 genes related to cancer. Especially, CXCL1, chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1, has been known for its relation with cancer progression in various cancer type, but GC. CXCL1 levels in serum samples of GC patients were significantly elevated compared with healthy donors (p<0.05). Within GC patients, CXCL1 serum levels were increased according to the tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. These findings provide that CXCL1 could be a candidate marker for gastric cancer progression.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Jung
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Se Won Noh
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Soo Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung JJ, Jeung HC, Chung HC, Lee JO, Kim TS, Kim YT, Noh SH, Rha SY. In vitro pharmacogenomic database and chemosensitivity predictive genes in gastric cancer. Genomics 2008; 93:52-61. [PMID: 18804159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and there are clinical caveats in predicting tumor response to chemotherapy. This study describes the construction of an in vitro pharmacogenomic database, and the selection of genes associated with chemosensitivity in gastric cancer cell lines. Gene expression and chemosensitivity databases were integrated using the Pearson correlation coefficient to give the GC-matrix. The 85 genes were selected that were commonly associated with chemosensitivity of the major anticancer drugs. We then focused on the genes that were highly correlated with each specific drug. Classification of cell lines based on the set of genes associated with each drug was consistent with the division into resistant or sensitive groups according to the chemosensitivity results. The GC-matrix of the gastric cancer cell line database was used to identify different sets of chemosensitivity-related genes for specific drugs or multiple drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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Jung JJ, Jeung HC, Lee JO, Kim TS, Chung HC, Rha SY. Putative chemosensitivity predictive genes in colorectal cancer cell lines for anticancer agents. Oncol Rep 2007; 18:593-9. [PMID: 17671706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify genes which could predict chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer, gene expression and chemosensitivity were examined in colorectal cancer cell lines. Gene expression profiling of 5 colorectal cancer and 3 normal cell lines was performed using a 22K spotted oligonucleotide microarray. The IC50s of 17 anticancer drugs were determined using the MTT assay for chemosensitivity. The SOURCE database, KEGG Pathway database, and Molecular Diagnosis Score (MDS) were used for data analysis. Two representative colorectal cancer cell lines were identified which were resistant or sensitive to drugs commonly used for colon cancer treatment (5-FU, irinotecan and topotecan). Six hundred and eighty-three genes that were up- or down-regulated by >4-fold between the two cell lines were selected. Pathway analysis was performed with 147 of the 683 genes using the KEGG Pathway database. This analysis revealed 27 genes in the apoptosis, MAPK signaling, and focal adhesion pathways, which could explain the mechanism of chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, the chemosensitivity of other colorectal cancer and normal cell lines was predictable with the selected 27 genes. These genes may act as putative predictive markers for chemosensitivity in chemo-naive colorectal cancer patients following functional analysis and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Jung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Shinchon-Dong, Seoul, Korea
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Jung JJ, Jeung HC, Lee J, Kim T, Chung H, Rha S. Putative chemosensitivity predictive genes in colorectal cancer cell lines for anticancer agents. Oncol Rep 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/or.18.3.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang S, Jeung HC, Jeong HJ, Choi YH, Kim JE, Jung JJ, Rha SY, Yang WI, Chung HC. Identification of genes with correlated patterns of variations in DNA copy number and gene expression level in gastric cancer. Genomics 2007; 89:451-9. [PMID: 17229543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify DNA copy number changes that had a direct influence on mRNA expression in gastric cancer, cDNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression profiling were performed using 17 K cDNA microarrays. A set of 158 genes showing Pearson correlation coefficients over 0.6 between DNA copy number changes and mRNA expression level variations was selected. In an independent gene expression profiling of 60 tissue samples, the 158 genes were able to distinguish most of the normal and tumor tissues in an unsupervised hierarchical clustering, suggesting that the differential expression patterns displayed by this specific group of genes are most likely based on the gene copy number changes. Furthermore, 43 statistically significant (P<0.01) genes were selected that correctly distinguished all of the tissue samples. The copy number changes detected by aCGH can be verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The selected genes include those that were previously identified as being tumor suppressors or deleted in various tumors, including GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), cyclin C (CCNC), and oncogenes including malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFHAS1/MASL1), high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), PPAR binding protein (PPARBP), growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (GRB7), and TBC1 (tre-2, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1 (TBC1D1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Yang
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center (CMRC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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Abstract
This study investigates whether the neurohormone melatonin can prevent the retinal neuronal injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human retinal neuronal cells. Cultures of human retinal neuronal cells established from a variety of donors were grown to 14 days and then subjected to experimental hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO)-induced injury. Intracellular production of ROS by administration of HX/XO was confirmed by flow cytometry; the ROS resulted in both apoptotic and necrotic pattern of cell death in the retinal neuron cultures. The efficacy of melatonin against ROS injury was quantitated by MTT assay, enzyme immunoassay, and immunocytochemistry for neurofilament protein. The antioxidative effect of melatonin was compared with that of alpha-tocopherol. Retinal neuronal injury significantly reduced in a dose-response manner by a treatment of 1.0-8.0 mM alpha-tocopherol. Melatonin, in concentrations of more than 2.0 mM, also significantly reduced the injury. About 70% of cells are rescued by pretreatment with 1.0 mM alpha-tocopherol and 8.0 mM melatonin in the MTT assay. Our observations suggest that melatonin can rescue retinal neurons from ROS injury in human retinal cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Korea.
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Abstract
Mucocele-like tumor (MLT) of the breast is a rare neoplasm. Although this lesion was considered benign when first described, the concept of a pathologic continuum with mucinous carcinoma was evident in subsequent reports. Only a few cases of MLT have been reported in Korea. We describe a case of MLT associated with ductal carcinoma in situ and mucinous carcinoma in a 34-yr-old female. Histological examination showed multiple mucus-filled cysts of varying size. Extravasated mucin was present in the surrounding stroma. The lining of the cysts in most areas were of flat or cuboidal epithelium and devoid of cellular atypia. The lining epithelium showed proliferative change ranging from atypical ductal hyperplasia to ductal carcinoma in situ, micropapillary type. A microscopic focus of mucinous carcinoma within MLT was also noted. None of the lesions exhibited epithelial reactivity for p53 protein. The patient is alive and well without evidence of disease 54 months after initial treatment. This case supports the concept that MLT encompasses a spectrum of pathologic lesions including benign tumor, atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and mucinous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea.
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Lee JS, Kim HS, Jung JJ, Park CS, Lee MC. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma and the relation to angiogenesis and p53 protein expression. J Surg Oncol 2001; 77:55-60. [PMID: 11344484 DOI: 10.1002/jso.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. The tumor-suppressor gene p53 has been thought to regulate VEGF expression. We investigated the effect of VEGF expression on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the correlation between the expression of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis and p53 protein expression. METHODS Sixty-two RCCs were examined by immunohistochemical studies with anti-VEGF, anti-p53, and anti-CD34 antibodies. RESULTS Forty tumors (80.6%) were classified as VEGF positive, and 28 tumors (45.2%) were positive for p53 protein. The microvessel density was 75.3 +/- 33.5. A significant correlation was found between VEGF expression and both the nuclear grade (P < 0.05) and the TNM stage (P < 0.05). The tumors with VEGF expression had a significantly higher microvessel density than those without VEGF expression (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between p53 protein and VEGF expression. No statistically significant differences in survival were found to be associated with microvessel density, VEGF expression or p53 protein expression. By using multivariate survival analyses, nuclear grade (P < 0.05) and TNM stage (P < 0.05) were the only independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not show a direct regulation of VEGF expression by p53. We suggest that VEGF expression plays a role in the promotion of angiogenesis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea.
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Lee JS, Kim HS, Jung JJ, Kim YB, Park CS, Lee MC. Correlation between angiogenesis, apoptosis and cell proliferation in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and their relation to tumor behavior. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2001; 23:161-8. [PMID: 11332083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between angiogenesis, apoptosis and cell proliferation in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and their relation to tumor behavior. STUDY DESIGN Microvessels were immunohistochemically labeled with antibody to CD34 in sections from 82 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate microvessel density (MVD). The authors measured the apoptotic index (AI) using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling technique and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA LI) by PCNA immunohistochemistry on serial sections. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between MVD and AI (r = -.313, P = .004) and failed to find a significant correlation between MVD and PCNA LI. There was a significant positive correlation between AI and PCNA LI (r = .393, P = .000). Significant differences in AI between high MVD (> or = 59.9%) and low MVD (< 59.9%) were seen (P < .001), with no appreciable differences in PCNA LI between the two groups. Histologic grade and stage were the only independent prognostic factors in both disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION Angiogenesis in breast cancer may be related to the ability of tumor cells to survive rather than to their proliferative activity. Apoptosis is related to cell proliferation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Departments of Pathology and General Surgery, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon
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Lee JS, Jung JJ, Kim J. Quantification of angiogenesis by a computerized image analysis system in renal cell carcinoma. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2000; 22:469-74. [PMID: 11147301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether tumor angiogenesis quantitated by a computerized image analysis system correlates with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Microvessels were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to CD34 in sections from 62 cases of renal cell carcinoma. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate the mean microvessel count (MMC) and mean percentage microvessel area (MPMA). RESULTS MMC ranged from 19.3 to 315.0, while MPMA was 0.6-17.9%. There was a highly significant correlation between MMC and MPMA (r = .867, P < .01). Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that computerized image analysis can evaluate accurately tumor angiogenesis, but tumor angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma does not provide significant prognostic information in renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
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Lee JS, Jung JJ, Lee MC, Park CS, Juhng SW, Oh BR, Moon JD. Value of morphometric nuclear image analysis using the Feulgen reaction in renal cell carcinoma. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2000; 22:31-6. [PMID: 10696458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the ability of morphometric nuclear image analysis to predict survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN The subjects were 40 patients with previously untreated renal cell carcinoma. Pathologic stage was determined using Robson's stage system. Nuclear grade was assigned according to the criteria of Fuhrman et al. We used the Feulgen staining technique, which has been widely used for the histochemical assessment of nuclear DNA content. A minimum of 300 nuclei were analyzed from each subject. Five variables in morphometric nuclear image analysis were measured: nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, nuclear ellipticity, nuclear regularity and DNA content. Cox's proportional hazard model was applied to identify prognostic usefulness with respect to survival time. RESULTS All nuclear morphometric variables but nuclear regularity correlated with tumor grade. According to univariate survival analyses, Robson stage and nuclear ellipticity revealed a prognosis on survival with statistical significance. After adjustments for age and sex, nuclear ellipticity remained the only significant prognostic factor related to survival (P < .01). The survival rates were relatively high for patients with nuclear ellipticity > 773 as compared to those with nuclear ellipticity < 773 (P < .05). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that morphometric nuclear image analysis using the Feulgen reaction is a reliable and efficient technique and that nuclear ellipticity is the most discriminating morphometric variable for predicting the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
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Lutz P, Folléa G, Albert A, Falkenrodt A, Jung JJ, Masson E, Lévy JM. [Role of allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow in juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. Presse Med 1988; 17:2113-6. [PMID: 2974139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two boys with clinical and haematological evidence of juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia had no chromosomal anomaly. In addition, one presented with an unbalanced Epstein-Barr virus serology, and the other with xantholeukaemia. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation was performed in the first boy after an 18-month period during which treatment with 6-mercaptopurine, intensive chemotherapy and splenectomy had failed. Conditioning included cyclophosphamide, high-dose cytarabine and whole-body irradiation. There was no complication, and 16 months after transplantation the patient was in complete remission. The second boy received a bone marrow transplant on the 6th month of the disease, after failure of 6-mercaptopurine. Conditioning included etoposide, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. On the 35th post-transplantation day the child had severe pancytopenia and his spleen remained enlarged. A second transplantation was performed after treatment with melphalan and whole-body irradiation. Twelve months later, the patient was in complete remission. The indications and modalities of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and the value of pre-transplantation splenectomy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lutz
- Service de Pédiatrie 4, Institut de Puériculture, Hospices Civils, Strasbourg
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