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Gallen CC, Tecoma E, Iragui V, Sobel DF, Schwartz BJ, Bloom FE. Magnetic source imaging of abnormal low-frequency magnetic activity in presurgical evaluations of epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997; 38:452-60. [PMID: 9118851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regional cortical dysfunction associated with epileptogenic activity was predicted from interictal localized abnormal low frequency neuromagnetic activity (ALFMA) using Magnetic Source Imaging (MSI). ALFMA can be detected in patients who show no interictal spikes. METHODS A large array biomagnetometer was used in a blinded, rapid screening protocol. The MSI procedure required no alteration in epileptic medications. MSI results were compared with the presumed epileptogenic region as determined by a consensus of standard techniques, which included MR and electroclinical monitoring. RESULTS One or more sites of localized abnormality were detected by MSI ALFMA in 29 of the 33 epileptic patients. ALFMA mapped with MSI showed a 48.5% specificity with respect to the presumed epileptogenic region. MSI ALFMA was in agreement with the final consensus as often as was ictal noninvasive video EEG monitoring, and was exceeded in specificity overall only by invasive ictal video EEG monitoring, which was required for conventional localization in 21 of the 33 patients tested with MSI. CONCLUSIONS ALFMA measurements with MSI may augment the array of noninvasive methods used for reaching a consensus for epilepsy surgery.
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Schwartz BJ, Hide F, Andersson MR, Heeger AJ. Ultrafast studies of stimulated emission and gain in solid films of conjugated polymers. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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128
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Bittner ER, Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. Quantum decoherence: a consistent histories treatment of condensed-phase non-adiabatic quantum molecular dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(96)04612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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129
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Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. The isotope effect in solvation dynamics and nonadiabatic relaxation: A quantum simulation study of the photoexcited solvated electron in D2O. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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130
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Schwartz BJ, Bittner ER, Prezhdo OV, Rossky PJ. Quantum decoherence and the isotope effect in condensed phase nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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131
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Gallen CC, Schwartz BJ, Bucholz RD, Malik G, Barkley GL, Smith J, Tung H, Copeland B, Bruno L, Assam S. Presurgical localization of functional cortex using magnetic source imaging. J Neurosurg 1995; 82:988-94. [PMID: 7760203 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1995.82.6.0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The boundaries of somatosensory cortex were localized noninvasively by means of a large-array biomagnetometer in six patients with mass lesions in or near eloquent cortex. The results were used by neurosurgeons and neurologists in preoperative planning and for reference in the operating room. The magnetic source imaging (MSI) localizations from somatosensory evoked potentials were used to predict the pattern of phase reversals measurable intraoperatively on the cortical surface, providing a quantitative comparison between the two measures. The magnetic localizations were found to be predictive in all six cases, with the two sets of localizations falling within an 8-mm distance on average. Somatosensory localizations using MSI offer accuracy in localizing somatosensory cortex stereotactically and in depicting its relationship to lesions. Such data are valuable preoperatively in assessing the risks associated with a proposed surgical procedure and for optimizing subsequent minimum-risk surgical strategy.
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Smith JR, Schwartz BJ, Gallen C, Orrison W, Lewine J, Murro AM, King DW, Park YD. Multichannel magnetoencephalography in ablative seizure surgery outside the anteromesial temporal lobe. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1995; 65:81-5. [PMID: 8916333 DOI: 10.1159/000098901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to evaluate 40 candidates for seizure surgery thought to have foci outside the anteromesial temporal lobe. Of 29 cases with electrographic data suggesting a convexity focus, MEG spikes were recorded from 28. In 21, MEG and electrographic data were localized to the same area. Invasive studies were, or could have been, avoided in 13 cases based on MEG and other noninvasive data. MEG was not localizing value in 4 orbitofrontal or 7-depth-nonlocalized cases. Seventeen patients with MEG epileptiform data have had postoperative follow-up. Eight of 13 with electrographic and MEG data localized to the same area are seizure free. None of 4 with spatial discordance of MEG electrographic data are seizure free.
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Rosenthal SJ, Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. Calculated photon echo signals for the aqueous solvated electron. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)01090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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134
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Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. Pump–probe spectroscopy of the hydrated electron: A quantum molecular dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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135
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Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. Aqueous solvation dynamics with a quantum mechanical Solute: Computer simulation studies of the photoexcited hydrated electron. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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136
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Schwartz BJ, Rossky PJ. Hydrated electrons as a probe of local anisotropy: Simulations of ultrafast polarization-dependent spectral hole burning. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3282-3285. [PMID: 10056153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Frisolone JA, Ruiz M, Schwartz BJ. Criteria for use of paroxetine hydrochloride in adult inpatients and outpatients. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1994; 51:827-8. [PMID: 8010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yang TT, Gallen CC, Ramachandran VS, Cobb S, Schwartz BJ, Bloom FE. Noninvasive detection of cerebral plasticity in adult human somatosensory cortex. Neuroreport 1994; 5:701-4. [PMID: 8199341 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199402000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After upper limb deafferentation, adult macaques exhibit substantial reorganization of cortical somatosensory topography with enlargement of cortical areas responsive to facial stimuli. In the present study non-invasive magnetic source imaging technology has been used to map in detail the bilateral somatosensory homunculi in four neurologically normal controls and two upper arm amputees. Bilateral homuncular maps of normals and of the unaffected hemisphere of both amputees showed a wide hand area. The affected hemisphere of both amputees showed marked intrusion of facial representations into the digit and hand area consistent with the earlier observations in macaques. Our findings provide the first evidence of massive somatosensory plasticity in human adults and suggest a mechanism for post-amputation perceptual changes.
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Smith JR, Gallen CC, Schwartz BJ. Multichannel magnetoencephalographic mapping of sensorimotor cortex for epilepsy surgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1994; 62:245-51. [PMID: 7631076 DOI: 10.1159/000098627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary reports have shown a close correlation between the anatomic location of evoked magnetic somatosensory fields and intraoperative evoked somatosensory potentials in patients with mass lesions. We have performed magnetic source imaging (MSI) of sensory and motor (MER) evoked responses or fields on 4 patients with frontal convexity epileptic foci. The method involves (1) graphic overlaying of magnetoencephalography evoked field data and three-dimensional (3D) phase contrast magnetic resonance angiographic data on 3D MRI surface cortical renderings, and (2) correlating these data with intraoperative stimulation-mapped sensory and/or motor responses and local cortical venous anatomy. Our initial results indicate that the location of MSI evoked sensory data correlates closely with the results of intraoperative stimulation mapping. MSI MERs have tended to show a less discrete spatial topography, involving areas of cortex extending beyond the motor strip.
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King JC, Zhang JZ, Schwartz BJ, Harris CB. Vibrational relaxation of M(CO)6 (M=Cr, Mo, W): Effect of metal mass on vibrational cooling dynamics and non‐Boltzmann internal energy distributions. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gallen CC, Sobel DF, Waltz T, Aung M, Copeland B, Schwartz BJ, Hirschkoff EC, Bloom FE. Noninvasive presurgical neuromagnetic mapping of somatosensory cortex. Neurosurgery 1993; 33:260-8; discussion 268. [PMID: 8367048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid presurgical neuromagnetic localization of the somatosensory cortex was performed successfully on five patients with a large-array biomagnetometer by a protocol called magnetic source imaging (MSI). Determination of the location of the central sulcus is important in assessing operative risk and determining the optimal operative approach to structural lesions in the vicinity of the motor strip. The use of magnetic resonance imaging anatomical methods and intraoperative visual identification can be imprecise, whereas invasive localization prolongs operative time, adds cost, and entails added risk. Until the recent development of large-array biomagnetometer systems, neuromagnetic localization of the central sulcus had been demonstrated in research but was so time consuming and laborious as to preclude routine clinical use. In this study, the validity of MSI localizations was confirmed intraoperatively by direct cortical recording of somatosensory evoked potentials and/or direct motor stimulation. Complete agreement was found between MSI and intraoperative mapping in locating the central sulcus. Objective confirmations considered together with the speed and reliability of the procedure and with the presurgical availability of the results suggests the potential utility of MSI for routine surgical planning.
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Peterson ES, Schwartz BJ, Harris CB. The dynamics of exciton tunneling and trapping in condensed xenon on ultrafast time scales. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rieke K, Gallen CC, Baker L, Dalessio DJ, Schwartz BJ, Torruella AK, Otis SM. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and magnetoencephalography in migraine. J Neuroimaging 1993; 3:109-14. [PMID: 10148529 DOI: 10.1111/jon199332109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty subjects--30 migraineurs during the attack, 30 patients in the interictal period, and 20 healthy volunteers--were studied using two technologies for functional assessment: transcranial Doppler ultrasound and magnetoencephalography. Transcranial Doppler studies showed an increased mean flow velocity at rest (p less than 0.05) in the middle cerebral artery on the side of the headache and a decreased vasomotor response to CO 2 (p less than 0.001) on the same side compared to control subjects. Biomagnetic measurements of somatosensory evoked fields of 11 patients and 11 control subjects in this study did not demonstrate differences between migraineurs and the control group in current flow or latency measures. The data from this study tend to support the hypothesis of vascular disease as a primary underlying deficit in migraine.
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Yang TT, Gallen CC, Schwartz BJ, Bloom FE. Noninvasive somatosensory homunculus mapping in humans by using a large-array biomagnetometer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:3098-102. [PMID: 8464929 PMCID: PMC46244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To validate the feasibility of precise noninvasive functional mapping in humans, a large-array biomagnetometer was used to map the somatosensory cortical locations corresponding to numerous distinct tactile sites on the fingers, hand, arm, and face in different subjects. Source localizations were calculated by using a single equivalent current dipole (ECD) model. Dipole localizations were transposed upon the corresponding subject's magnetic resonance image (MRI) to resolve the anatomic locus of the individual dipoles within a given subject. Biomagnetic measurements demonstrated that (i) there were distinct separations between the ECD locations representing discrete sites on the face and hand; (ii) the ECD localizations from facial sites clustered in a region inferior to ECD localizations from hand and digit sites; and (iii) there was clear spatial resolution of ECD locations representing closely spaced tactile sites on the hand and face. The ability of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to provide high-resolution spatial maps of the somatosensory system noninvasively in humans should make MEG a useful tool to define the normal or pathological organization of the human somatosensory system and should provide an approach to the rapid detection of neuroplasticity.
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Schwartz BJ, King JC, Zhang JZ, Harris CB. Direct femtosecond measurements of single collision dominated geminate recombination times of small molecules in liquids. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)85300-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sobel DF, Gallen CC, Schwartz BJ, Waltz TA, Copeland B, Yamada S, Hirschkoff EC, Bloom FE. Locating the central sulcus: comparison of MR anatomic and magnetoencephalographic functional methods. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993; 14:915-25. [PMID: 8352165 PMCID: PMC8333845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare MR anatomic and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) functional methods in locating the central sulcus. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects and five patients with focal cerebral lesions were studied. The central sulcus was located anatomically with MR by two independent observers using axial vertex and sagittal (midline and lateral) images. Locations via the MEG functional method were based on detecting the somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields elicited by painless tactile stimuli. RESULTS The axial method yielded the most consistent interrater results, with complete agreement in 76% of sections in both control subjects and patients. The intermethod discordance of the sagittal midline and lateral methods was 32% in control subjects and 33% in patients. The concordance of MR and MEG methods ranged from 55% to 84% in control subjects and 65% to 67% in patients. CONCLUSION MR anatomic techniques can usually identify the central sulcus, but in the presence of anatomic distortion, the MEG functional method adds significant information.
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McKegney FP, Schwartz BJ, O'Dowd MA. Reducing unnecessary psychiatric consultations for informed consent by liaison with administration. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1992; 14:15-9. [PMID: 1730396 DOI: 10.1016/0163-8343(92)90021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of a psychiatric consultation being requested to assess a patients' capacity to give informed consent varies among institutions, with most recent surveys reporting a frequency of between 3% and 8% of all consultations. At Montefiore Medical Center, a hospital policy was interpreted as mandating such consultations for all patients with possible or even definite lack of decisional capacity. From 1987 to 1988, 55% of all psychiatric consultations in the institution were for consent. Only 9% of the consent patients seen had an Axis I diagnosis other than organic mental syndrome (OMS). Because many of these consultations were believed to be unnecessary, with patient clearly able or unable to give consent, the consultation service worked first with administration to modify the guidelines, and then educated the medical and nursing staff as to when consultation was indicated. With this program, the number of consent consultations fell from 958 in 1988 to 177 in 1990, representing a major saving of staff time and third-party billings. In this era of cost containment and outside review of professional practices, psychiatrists must take responsibility for identifying areas where patient services and billings for them are not justified by clinical indications.
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Schwartz BJ, Jackson SB. Computation competency. NURSING & HEALTH CARE : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING 1980; 1:245-8. [PMID: 6904837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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