126
|
Bazin H, Platteau B, Maclennan IC, Johnson GD. B-cell production and differentiation in adult rats. Immunol Suppl 1985; 54:79-88. [PMID: 3871730 PMCID: PMC1454843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell development in a group of rats was suppressed for the first 45 days of life by serial administration of rabbit anti-rat IgM and IgD antibody. Total or near total suppression of B lymphopoiesis was achieved. At 45 days, suppression was stopped by injection of IgM and IgD rat paraproteins. The sequence of B-cell and plasma cell development following suppression was assessed by immunohistological analysis of spleen lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina propria. The main findings are listed below. Complete reconstitution of B-cell numbers occurs within 8 days, at which stage germinal centres are also present. B lymphopoiesis in the red pulp of the spleen differs from that reported for bone marrow. Cells develop expressing surface sIgM and sIgM with IgA, but not sIgD. sIgD-positive cells first appear in splenic follicles 2 days after stopping suppression, but their appearance in lymph nodes is delayed until after 3 days. At this stage, sIgD-positive cells become apparent in the splenic red pulp. IgM plasma cells appear from day 4. IgA plasma cells in the gut appear in small numbers at day 6, and gradually increase to normal numbers by day 14. sIgG2c expression in the splenic marginal zone did not approach normal levels, even 2 weeks after suppression was stopped.
Collapse
|
127
|
Bazin H, Platteau B, MacLennan IC, Stuart NS, Khan M, Johnson GD. B cell production in adult rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1985; 186:65-71. [PMID: 3876720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2463-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
128
|
Gray D, MacLennan IC, Platteau B, Bazin H, Lortan J, Johnson GD. Evidence that static but not recirculating B cells are responsible for antibody production against dinitrophenol on neutral polysaccharide, a TI-2 antigen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1985; 186:437-42. [PMID: 3876709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2463-8_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
129
|
Goddard DH, Kirk AP, Kirwan JR, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. Impaired polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43:151-6. [PMID: 6324704 PMCID: PMC1001454 DOI: 10.1136/ard.43.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) isolated from the blood of patients with either articular rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or RA with extra-articular manifestations. A double fluorochrome immunofluorescent staining test has been employed to identify cell-associated immunoglobulins, probably immune complexes. The results suggest an inverse relationship between PMN chemotaxis and staining for cell-associated immunoglobulins, either surface bound or internalised. PMNs from RA patients showed reduced chemotaxis, and this was further reduced when RA PMNs were incubated for 30 minutes in autologous serum. A similar reduction in chemotaxis of normal PMNs occurred after incubation in RA sera. Preincubation of both RA and normal PMNs in RA serum (but not normal serum) resulted in an increase in the number of cells in which cell-associated immunoglobulins were demonstrable. This further reduction in RA PMN chemotaxis after exposure to autologous serum, together with an increase in immunoglobulin staining, may indicate selection of certain PMNs at the time of venepuncture due to cell margination. Such a selection process would call for a re-evaluation of previous studies of RA PMN function in relation to the disease process.
Collapse
|
130
|
Goddard DH, Kirk AP, Brown KA, McCarthy D, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. Changes in normal polymorphonuclear leucocyte motility after ingestion of IgG aggregates. Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43:146-50. [PMID: 6712289 PMCID: PMC1001452 DOI: 10.1136/ard.43.2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in normal polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) motility after membrane-binding and internalisation of IgG aggregates (a model of soluble immune complexes) have been studied by the micropore filter assay. The results have confirmed that IgG aggregates stimulate as well as inhibit PMN chemotaxis. These effects are dependent on the size and concentration of the IgG aggregates in solution as well as the length of time of incubation. Stimulated chemotaxis was observed in a small subset of the whole PMN population which was apparent only when cell distribution through the filters was analysed. These results indicate the need for caution when drawing conclusions about PMN function from results obtained by these assay techniques.
Collapse
|
131
|
Brown G, Walker L, Ling NR, Richardson P, Johnson GD, Guy K, Steel CM. T-cell proliferation and expression of MHC class II antigens. Scand J Immunol 1984; 19:373-7. [PMID: 6610209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, which in combination identify beta chains encoded by the SB and DR loci, were used to investigate which of these gene products were expressed at the cell surface of unstimulated T cells and at various stages of mitogen-induced T-cell maturation. In tests on blood lymphocytes from healthy donors 12% of T cells expressed class II antigens, but only SB antigens were expressed. During activation of T lymphocytes, SB-coded antigens were expressed before DR antigens, and the kinetics of SB expression correlated with the proliferative response of T cells. These results and consideration of recent reports from other laboratories lead us to suggest that SB-coded class II antigens play a role in T-cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
132
|
Salmon M, Bacon PA, Johnson GD, Walker L, Walton KW. The use of cytocentrifuge preparations for the demonstration of T cell surface antigens. J Immunol Methods 1984; 66:327-30. [PMID: 6361154 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(84)90345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytocentrifuged cell preparations have been evaluated as substrates for the demonstration by immunofluorescence of T cell surface antigens. Results obtained by a 2-stage method with fluorescent conjugate specific for the isotype of the first stage monoclonal antibody, and by a 3-stage procedure employing an intermediate antiserum to mouse IgG as amplifying agent, showed good correlation with those obtained by a standard technique performed on cells in suspension. These methods have the advantages of requiring fewer cells and less antibody and the cytocentrifuge preparations may be stored for batch assay.
Collapse
|
133
|
|
134
|
Walker L, Johnson GD, MacLennan IC. The IgG subclass responses of human lymphocytes to B-cell activators. Immunology 1983; 50:269-72. [PMID: 6311731 PMCID: PMC1454335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of IgG synthesis by normal human lymphocytes in response to a range of B-cell activators has been studied by indirect cytoplasmic immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to the four IgG subclasses. Considerable variation was found between cells from different donors tested with the same activator but the following trends were observed:- Epstein-Barr virus and Branhamella catarrhalis induced a predominantly IgG3 response, whereas the most prevalent cells in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and Staph. aureus were IgG2-positive; the subclass distribution obtained with pokeweed mitogen resembled that found in normal serum (IgG1 greater than 2 greater than 3 greater than 4).
Collapse
|
135
|
Walker L, Johnson GD. Comparative sensitivity of plaque and immunofluorescence assays for detection of immunoglobulin-producing cells. J Immunol Methods 1983; 62:134-6. [PMID: 6348169 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
136
|
Johnson GD, Davidson RS, McNamee KC, Russell G, Goodwin D, Holborow EJ. Fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy: a study of the phenomenon and its remedy. J Immunol Methods 1982; 55:231-42. [PMID: 6819318 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
137
|
Humphrey TG, Smith TH, Pope MC, Cline JF, Cataldo DA, Skiens WE, Burton FG, Bruns LE, Castelnau L, Desmas T, Lapicoré AM, Mainy P, Charles RG, Cleary JG, Wootten MJ, Garner FA, Hunter CW, Johnson GD, Lippincott EP, Schiffgens JO, Farrar H, Ebert DD, Feraday MA, Foo MT, Davidson RD, Winegar JE, Kawamura F, Kenji M, Valkiainen M, Nykyri M, Olander DR, Wheelwright EJ, Bjorklund WJ, Browne LM, Bryan GH, Holton LK, Irish ER, Siemens DH, Adams JP, Berta VT, Tochihara H, Ochiai E, Hasegawa T, Aarnio PA, Koskelo MJ, Lund PD, Maunula VK, Routti JT, Sandberg JV, Takala HJ, Becker FS, Kompa KL. Authors. NUCL TECHNOL 1982. [DOI: 10.13182/nt82-a32924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
138
|
Adu D, Williams DG, Quakyi IA, Voller A, Anim-Addo Y, Bruce-Tagoe AA, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. Anti-ssDNA and antinuclear antibodies in human malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 49:310-6. [PMID: 6982135 PMCID: PMC1536512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of serum antinuclear antibodies and serum antibodies to single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA was investigated following acute malaria in 58 Caucasians visiting tropical countries but resident in Britain and in 24 Ghanaians resident in Ghana. In Caucasians this infection was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of speckled antinuclear antibodies (38% compared to 3% in controls; P less than 0.001) and a significant rise in antibody levels against ssDNA (14% compared to 5%; P less than 0.05), but no rise in antibodies against dsDNA. Acute malaria in Ghanaians was associated with an incidence of 25% of antinuclear antibodies and 4% of antibodies to ssDNA; these were similar to those found in healthy Ghanaians who are chronically exposed to malaria. Antibodies against dsDNA were not detected. The incidence of antinuclear antibodies and levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies was higher in the Ghanaian healthy population than in normal Caucasians. These observations indicate that malaria is associated with the development of antinuclear and anti-ssDNA antibodies. Ghanaian patients with a tropical splenomegaly syndrome or with a nephrotic syndrome, both of which conditions are suspected of having a malarial aetiology, had serum levels of anti-ssDNA higher than healthy controls. This observation adds further circumstantial evidence to the role of malaria in causing anti-DNA antibodies.
Collapse
|
139
|
Johnson GD, Goddard DH, Holborow EJ. Differential immunofluorescent staining of polymorphonuclear leucocytes for discriminating between surface bound and internalised immunoglobulin. J Immunol Methods 1982; 50:277-80. [PMID: 7047645 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination between immunoglobulin on the surface of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and immunoglobulin internalised as a result of phagocytosis has been achieved by direct immunofluorescent staining with fluorescein and rhodamine antiglobulin conjugates of identical specificity applied sequentially to live cells in suspension and after fixation on microscope slides. Surface bound antigen is recognised by double staining whereas internalised material is stained only by the conjugate applied to the fixed preparation. This differential staining procedure was evaluated in a model system in which normal PMNs were exposed to small (less than 20 s) and large (greater than 90 s) aggregates of human IgG.
Collapse
|
140
|
Johnson E, Johnson GD. Premature developmental jumps: the effects of early intimacy on the adult lives of identical twins. Perspect Psychiatr Care 1982; 20:86-90. [PMID: 6923190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
141
|
Goddard DH, Brown KA, Kirk AP, McCarthy D, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. Immunoglobulin inclusions in rheumatoid arthritis polymorphonuclear cells: lack of correlation with circulating immune complexes. Rheumatol Int 1982; 2:27-30. [PMID: 6294814 DOI: 10.1007/bf00541267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A discriminating direct immunofluorescent test has been used to identify immunoglobulin inclusions in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) isolated from the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These inclusions are thought to represent phagocytosed immune complexes, since normal PMNs incubated in RA sera known to contain raised levels of immune complexes developed similar immunoglobulin inclusions. Inclusions did not develop in normal PMNs incubated in normal serum. No correlation was found between the percentage of either RA blood PMNs with immunoglobulin inclusions or normal PMNs developing inclusions after incubation in RA sera, and levels of immune complexes in the corresponding sera. Using heat-aggregated IgG as a laboratory model of immune complexes, a simple relationship has been demonstrated between the uptake of IgG aggregates by normal PMNs and the concentrations of IgG aggregates in the test solutions over a concentration range of 12.5-200 micrograms . ml-1. These results indicate that the C1q- PEG test gives no measure of the actual amounts of immune complexes available in serum for phagocytosis.
Collapse
|
142
|
Herman WS, Lessman CA, Johnson GD. Correlation of juvenile hormone titer changes with reproductive tract development in the posteclosion Monarch butterfly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402180310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
143
|
Unsworth DJ, Manuel PD, Walker-Smith JA, Campbell CA, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. New immunofluorescent blood test for gluten sensitivity. Arch Dis Child 1981; 56:864-8. [PMID: 7030226 PMCID: PMC1627382 DOI: 10.1136/adc.56.11.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new test for the detection of antibodies to gliadin in the sera of children who are gluten sensitive is described. This test is based on the observation that wheat protein binds selectively to connective tissue fibres in cryostat sections of mammalian tissues. Sera containing antibodies to gliadin give a reticulin pattern of staining on section pretreated with wheat gliadin if tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibodies to gliadin were detected in this manner in sera fom all of 32 children with coeliac disease, in 16 of whom a provisional diagnosis had been given and in 16 an established diagnosis confirmed by gluten challenge. The incidence of reticulin antibodies detected on untreated sections (in the absence of gliadin) was only 28%. Gliadin antibodies were also present in sera from 15% of 152 children with gastroenterological disorders other than coeliac disease, but most of these non-positive results for coeliac disease were in patients with transient gluten in tolerance, cows' milk-sensitive enteropathy, or Crohn's disease. This new test, although not specific for coeliac disease, promises to be of value as an indicator of gluten sensitivity, and when negative excludes a diagnosis of coeliac disease. It may also be useful in monitoring diet, and in determining when rebiopsy after gluten challenge in appropriate.
Collapse
|
144
|
Johnson GD, Carvalho A, Holborow EJ, Goddard DH, Russell G. Antiperinuclear factor and keratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40:263-6. [PMID: 6166255 PMCID: PMC1000759 DOI: 10.1136/ard.40.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tests for antiperinuclear factor (APF) demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on smears of human buccal mucosal cells and for antibodies to keratin (AKA) detected on cryostat sections of rat oesophagus were performed on serum from 102 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 117 controls. APF was detected in 92% of the cases of RA; positive tests obtained with non-RA sera were generally weaker than those given by the RA group, and the antibody in both RA and non-RA serum was predominantly IgG class. The difficulty in obtaining suitable substrate material previously reported was confirmed, and only 2 satisfactory donors were identified among 27 individuals tested. The incidence of keratin antibodies detected was found to be related to the site from which the tissue was taken; low oesophagus provided the best discrimination between RA and controls (51% and 5% positive respectively), and cardia of the stomach gave the highest incidence of staining in all groups. A laminar staining pattern was seen with most positive sera, but occasionally the keratinised layer was diffusely stained. The presence of AKA showed a marked correlation with both IgM rheumatoid factor and increased Clq binding in RA, but APF did not.
Collapse
|
145
|
Johnson GD, Nogueira Araujo GM. A simple method of reducing the fading of immunofluorescence during microscopy. J Immunol Methods 1981; 43:349-50. [PMID: 7019347 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(81)90183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1449] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
146
|
Unsworth DJ, Johnson GD, Haffenden G, Fry L, Holborow EJ. Binding of wheat gliadin in vitro to reticulum in normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin. J Invest Dermatol 1981; 76:88-93. [PMID: 6161972 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence that wheat gliadin binds in vitro to reticulin-like fibrils present in cryostat sections of human skin, and rat liver, kidney and stomach. Gliadin was seen to bind to fibrils throughout the dermis of both normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin, and this was particularly striking in the dermal papillae. Serum from 2 dermatitis herpetiformis patients who did not have antireticulin antibody gave reticulin staining when retested by immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of rat tissue pretreated with gliadin. Gliadin treated sections may prove useful in screening patients with gluten sensitive enteropathy for anti-gliadin antibody. Binding of gliadin to skin sites in dermatitis herpetiformis patients and subsequent deposition of antigliadin antibody at these sites may be involved in the development of skin lesions.
Collapse
|
147
|
|
148
|
Johnson GD, McDevitt DG. Epidemiology of plasma digoxin concentrations in three patient populations. Ir J Med Sci 1980; 149:43-8. [PMID: 7372447 DOI: 10.1007/bf02939109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
149
|
Rosenberg JN, Johnson GD, Holborow EJ. Antinuclear antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38:526-8. [PMID: 317236 PMCID: PMC1000412 DOI: 10.1136/ard.38.6.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies (GS-ANA) were detected in the sera of 5 of 88 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in 7 of 52 cases of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but were not found in 91 patients with malignant or non-malignant chest disease nor in 25 cases of psoriasis. Organ non-specific ANA were present in serum from 6 cases of AS and 1 of PsA. None of the sera gave significant levels for soluble immune complexes as detected by a C1q-binding assay. The presence of antinuclear antibodies was not associated with clinical features or drug therapy in either AS or PsA.
Collapse
|
150
|
Johnson GD, Abt AB, Mahataphongse VP, Conner GH. Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the larynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1979; 88:774-8. [PMID: 229754 DOI: 10.1177/000348947908800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A patient with a small cell, undifferentiated carcinoma of the larynx is described. The tumor appeared to arise in close association with subglottic minor salivary glands. Ultrastructural study of the tumor cells showed neurosecretory granules similar to those seen in normal Kulchitsky cells and pulmonary oat cell carcinomas. Bronchogenic oat cell carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of minor salivary gland tissue probably originate from the same cell type. The aggressive behavior of this tumor suggests the need for early systemic treatment including combination chemotherpay.
Collapse
|