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Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R, Palmisano G. The chemical effects of molecular sol–gel entrapment. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:932-40. [PMID: 17534479 DOI: 10.1039/b611171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conversions within the cages of doped sol-gel porous oxides take place with unique advantages over reactions in solution as the glassy matrix has tremendous effects on the reactivity of the entrapped molecules. The chemical properties of sol-gel materials can be tailored in an immense range of values and chemists are increasingly achieving control on reactions taking place within these matrices, including crucially important photovoltaics. Highlighting recent major advancements, we show in this tutorial review how this is actually taking place.
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127
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Palmisano G, Loddo V, Augugliaro V, Palmisano L, Yurdakal S. Photocatalytic oxidation of nitrobenzene and phenylamine: Pathways and kinetics. AIChE J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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128
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Pellegata R, Ventura P, Villa M, Palmisano G, Lesma G. An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of Oleuropeic Acid. I. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918508076823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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129
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Palmisano G, Le Bourhis E, Ciriminna R, Tranchida D, Pagliaro M. ORMOSIL thin films: tuning mechanical properties via a nanochemistry approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:11158-62. [PMID: 17154597 DOI: 10.1021/la061520w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) of organically modified silicate thin films can be finely tuned by varying the degree of alkylation and thus the fraction of six- and four-membered siloxane rings in the organosilica matrix. This opens the way to large tunability of parameters that are of crucial practical importance for films that are finding increasing application in numerous fields ranging from microelectronics to chemical sensing.
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130
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Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Palmisano G, Penoni A, Pilati T, Sisti M, Stazi F. Convolutamydine A: the first authenticated absolute configuration and enantioselective synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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131
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Palmisano G, Ciriminna R, Pagliaro M. Waste-Free Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200606199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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132
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Appendino G, Cravotto G, Nano GM, Palmisano G. A Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Isoprenyl-4-Hydroxycoumarins. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208019073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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133
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Ciriminna R, Palmisano G, Pina CD, Rossi M, Pagliaro M. One-pot electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol to DHA. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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134
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Cravotto G, Nano GM, Palmisano G. A SONOCHEMICAL PROTOCOL FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PERMODIFIED CYCLODEXTRINS. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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135
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Penoni A, Palmisano G, Broggini G, Kadowaki A, Nicholas KM. Efficient synthesis of N-methoxyindoles via alkylative cycloaddition of nitrosoarenes with alkynes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:823-5. [PMID: 16409003 DOI: 10.1021/jo051609r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] N-Methoxyindoles are produced in moderate to excellent yields from the reaction between nitrosoarenes and alkynes in the presence of K2CO3/(CH3)2SO4. Terminal alkynes with conjugating substituents afford 3-substituted N-methoxyindoles exclusively. The analogous reactions with methyl propiolate provide a one-step preparation of phytoalexin analogues from Wasabi.
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136
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Movassaghi K, Hemmatian Z, Akbari-Adergani B, Palmisano G. A preliminary investigation of total organic carbon variation in influent and effluent of Isfahan (Iran) water treatment plant, urban network and Fellman wells. ANNALI DI CHIMICA 2006; 96:389-98. [PMID: 16948429 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200690041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work a series of total organic carbon (TOC) analyses were carried out to analyse the influent and the effluent of a water treatment plant providing Isfahan city in Iran. Other analyses were focused on the determination of TOC in the urban network and Fellman wells (in Isfahan and Dehaghan cities), in order to compare the water quality soon after the treatment with that of circulating water in the city network. Since it supplies water treatment plant, TOC content of Zayandehrood River was also compared with the treated water. The obtained results revealed that there were significant differences between TOC content of effluent of water treatment plant and that of the urban network (made with eight different points). In this project all the samples were withdrawn during 2005. It is worth noting that the analyses were carried out with a high precision combustion-infrared method with a confidence limit lower than 0.05. The mean of TOC in Isfahan and Dehaghan Fellman wells were 0.7 and 2.6 mg.l(-1), respectively. The mean of TOC in influent of water treatment plant during June, July and September were 0.703, 1.148, 1.513 mg.l(-1) respectively which after treatment process reduced to about 0.7 mg.l(-1). In conclusion it can be said that during the summer with higher consumption of water and increase in vaporizing surface waters, we have accumulation of organic compounds and therefore we have increase in TOC content of various waters.
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137
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Cravotto G, Tagliapietra S, Cappello R, Palmisano G, Curini M, Boccalini M. Long-Chain 3-Acyl-4-hydroxycoumarins: Structure and Antibacterial Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2006; 339:129-32. [PMID: 16511806 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200500127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
By reacting 4-hydroxycoumarin with long-chain acyl chlorides, a number of new 3-acyl derivatives were prepared and the relationship was studied between their structures and activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827. Antibacterial activity was associated with enolic tautomers of a tricarbonylmethane group bearing a lipophilic side chain (undec-10-enoyl, undec-10-ynoyl, palmitoyl or octadec-9-enoyl). A newly synthesized 2-acyl derivative of 2H-indene-1,3-dione containing the same tricarbonylmethane motif showed a comparable activity.
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138
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Aime S, Gianolio E, Palmisano G, Robaldo B, Barge A, Boffa L, Cravotto G. Improved syntheses of bis(beta-cyclodextrin) derivatives, new carriers for gadolinium complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1124-30. [PMID: 16525557 DOI: 10.1039/b517068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade a number of reports have been published on the synthesis and characterization of bridged cyclodextrin dimers (bis-CDs) connected with linkers of different lengths and structures. These dimers, having two hydrophobic cavities in close proximity, display much higher binding affinities and molecular selectivities than parent CDs, forming stable supramolecular adducts. We describe new synthetic protocols for the preparation of bis(beta-CDs) bearing 2-2', 3-3' and 6-6' bridges. Some of the critical steps were carried out either under high-intensity ultrasound (US) or microwave (MW) irradiation. Bis(beta-CDs) containing 6-6' ureido- and thioureido-bridges were prepared in high yields by a MW-promoted aza-Wittig reaction using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, while those containing 2,2' and 3,3' bridges were prepared from mono-alkenyl beta-CDs by the cross-metathesis reaction (homodimerization) in the presence of 2(nd)-generation Grubbs catalyst under sonochemical conditions. By these improved protocols CD dimers could be obtained in gram amounts to prepare stable adducts of bis-CDs with contrast agents (CAs) containing gadolinium(iii) chelates. In the case of Gd(iii) chleate "G-1" the inclusion complexes were found to be 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more stable than that formed by beta-CD (K(ass) = 4.3 x 10(4) M(-1)vs 8.0 x 10(2) M(-1)). Relaxivity increased as well by factors of 3 and 4, viz. from 9.1 mM(-1) s(-1) (beta-CD) to 27.7 and 35 mM(-1) s(-1).
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139
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Palmisano G, Addamo M, Augugliaro V, Caronna T, García-López E, Loddo V, Palmisano L. Influence of the substituent on selective photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1012-4. [PMID: 16491193 DOI: 10.1039/b515853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results are reported showing that the photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds containing an electron-donor group (EDG) gives rise mainly to ortho- and para-monohydroxy derivatives while in the presence of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) all the monohydroxy derivatives are obtained.
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140
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Cravotto G, Demartin F, Palmisano G, Penoni A, Radice T, Tollari S. Novel cyclometallated Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with indole derivatives and their use as catalysts in Heck reaction. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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141
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Tollari S, Palmisano G, Goldoni L, Cravotto G, Penoni A. The Rhodium Carbenoid Route to 3-Aryl-4-hydroxycoumarins: Synthesis of Derrusnin. Synlett 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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142
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Stazi F, Palmisano G, Turconi M, Santagostino M. Statistical experimental design-driven discovery of room-temperature conditions for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl bromides. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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143
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Cravotto G, Beggiato M, Penoni A, Palmisano G, Tollari S, Lévêque JM, Bonrath W. High-intensity ultrasound and microwave, alone or combined, promote Pd/C-catalyzed aryl–aryl couplings. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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144
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Aime S, Botta M, Cravotto G, Frullano L, Giovenzana G, Geninatti?Crich S, Palmisano G, Sisti M. Gadolinium(III) Complexes of dota-DerivedN-Sulfonylacetamides (H4(dota-NHSO2R)=10-{2-[(R)sulfonylamino]-2-oxoethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic Acid): A New Class of Relaxation Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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145
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Giovenzana GB, Palmisano G, Del Grosso E, Giovannelli L, Penoni A, Pilati T. Polycyclic compounds from aminopolyols and α-dicarbonyls: structure and application in the synthesis of exoditopic ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1489-94. [PMID: 15827646 DOI: 10.1039/b500580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and stereochemistry of the crystalline 2 : 2 condensation product ("glytham") of glyoxal and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane was conclusively determined by X-ray diffractometric analysis. The singular disposition of the heteroatoms suggests the employment of glytham as starting material for the synthesis of ditopic ligands for metal ions. Some derivatives of glytham were prepared and their binding properties towards alkaline metal ions were preliminarily investigated by ESI-MS and NMR.
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146
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Cravotto G, Palmisano G, Tollari S, Nano GM, Penoni A. The Suzuki homocoupling reaction under high-intensity ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2005; 12:91-94. [PMID: 15474958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Pd-catalysed Suzuki homocoupling of boronic acids was successfully carried out in water under high-intensity ultrasound (HIU). Heterogeneous catalysis with Pd/C, facilitating work up and purification, could be used without adding phosphine ligands. Reaction rates and yields were strongly influenced by the oxidant employed; excellent results were obtained using either molecular oxygen or 3-bromo-4-hydroxycoumarin. 3-Arylation of the latter with the Suzuki procedure had failed, exclusively affording the homocoupling products, symmetric biaryls. Besides offering a number of operational advantages, the use of HIU broadens the field of application for the Suzuki reaction.
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147
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Cravotto G, Balliano G, Tagliapietra S, Palmisano G, Penoni A. Umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives, a new class of squalene-hopene cyclase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:917-24. [PMID: 15501540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis is described of several aminoalkyl derivatives of coumarin, obtained in good yields under microwave or high-intensity ultrasound irradiation. These compounds proved uniformly active as inhibitors of squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. Their design stemmed from our recent finding that the umbelliferone nucleus acquires inhibitory properties towards SHC when functionalized with a suitable chain such as the omega-epoxyfarnesyl group. Under our experimental conditions the most active ones, such as 7-(4'-allylmethylamino-but-2-ynyloxy)chromen-2-one (IC(50) 0.75 mM), approached the potency of anticholesteremic drug Ro 48-8071 (IC(50) 0.35 mM), an effective inhibitor of both squalene- and oxidosqualene-cyclases (OSC). Tests are in progress to determine their efficacy on different eukaryotic OSCs.
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148
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Aime S, Calabi L, Cavallotti C, Gianolio E, Giovenzana GB, Losi P, Maiocchi A, Palmisano G, Sisti M. [Gd-AAZTA]-: A New Structural Entry for an Improved Generation of MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:7588-90. [PMID: 15554621 DOI: 10.1021/ic0489692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An innovative MRI contrast agent based on the unprecedented and easily obtained ligand AAZTA is described. The simple and straightforward synthesis of the ligand, together with the potentiometric and relaxometric behavior of the corresponding Gd(III) chelate, is reported. The complex [Gd(AAZTA)]- shows outstanding magnetic properties connected with high thermodynamic stability in aqueous solution and a nearly complete inertness toward the influence of bidentate endogenous anions, placing this compound as one of the most promising candidates for the development of high performance MRI contrast agents.
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149
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Aime S, Cavallotti C, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Palmisano G. Synthesis of new polyoxapolycarboxylic ligands for lanthanide(III) ions complexation. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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150
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Cassino C, Gabano E, Ravera M, Cravotto G, Palmisano G, Vessières A, Jaouen G, Mundwiler S, Alberto R, Osella D. Platinum(II) and technetium(I) complexes anchored to ethynylestradiol: a way to drug targeting and delivery. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2003.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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