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Clark GB, Thompson G, Roux SJ. Signal transduction mechanisms in plants: an overview. CURR SCI INDIA 2001; 80:170-7. [PMID: 12194182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview on recent advances in some of the basic signalling mechanisms that participate in a wide variety of stimulus-response pathways. The mechanisms include calcium-based signalling, G-protein-mediated-signalling and signalling involving inositol phospholipids, with discussion on the role of protein kinases and phosphatases interspersed. As a further defining feature, the article highlights recent exciting findings on three extracellular components that have not been given coverage in previous reviews of signal transduction in plants, extracellular calmodulin, extracellular ATP, and integrin-like receptors, all of which affect plant growth and development.
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Naqi S, Thompson G, Bauman B, Mohammed H. The exacerbating effect of infectious bronchitis virus infection on the infectious bursal disease virus-induced suppression of opsonization by Escherichia coil antibody in chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:52-60. [PMID: 11332499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) commonly develop secondary infection of the respiratory tract with Escherichia coli, resulting in significant economic losses. To understand the host factors that may contribute to the E. coli infection, we investigated macrophage-mediated E. coli phagocytosis, intracellular bacterial killing, and development of opsonizing antibody in previously uninfected chickens and in those infected with IBV, IBDV, and IBDV plus IBV. Macrophages from the peripheral blood and the respiratory tracts of chickens infected with IBV or IBDV plus IBV efficiently performed in vitro phagocytosis of E. coli in the presence of positive-control serum (i.e., E. coli antiserum produced in normal chickens). Those macrophages also had adequate bactericidal activity, indicating that IBV and IBDV infections had not affected their phagocytic activity or bactericidal function. The phagocytic activity of macrophages remained unaffected (P < 0.05) when the positive-control serum was replaced with E. coli antiserum produced in chickens infected with IBV alone. However, when E. coli antisera raised in IBDV-infected and, especially, that produced in IBDV plus IBV-infected chickens were supplemented, the percentage of phagocytosis and number of bacteria ingested per phagocyte were significantly (P < 0.05) less. These results indicate that although IBDV alone has the potential to markedly reduce opsonizing ability of antibody, this effect is significantly (P < 0.05) exacerbated by IBV infection.
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Thompson G. A victory of sorts for abortion rights in a Mexican state. THE NEW YORK TIMES ON THE WEB 2000:A3. [PMID: 15586919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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129
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Tabandeh H, Wilkins M, Thompson G, Nassiri D, Karim A. Hardness and ultrasonic characteristics of the human crystalline lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000; 26:838-41. [PMID: 10889428 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between hardness of the human crystalline lens and its acoustic characteristics. SETTING St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom. METHODS Cataractous lenses from patients who had extracapsular cataract surgery were studied for hardness and ultrasonic characteristics. Lens hardness was assessed with an automated guillotine. Ultrasound velocity and attenuation were measured with a scanning acoustic macroscope using the pulse transmission reflection method. RESULTS Thirty-seven lenses from 37 patients (mean age 75.5 years) were evaluated. Lens hardness was associated with ultrasound attenuation (r = 0.65, P <.0001) and attenuation frequency gradient (r = 0.67, P <.0001). The correlation of hardness with mean ultrasound velocity was not significant (r = 0.22, P =.2). CONCLUSIONS The attenuation of ultrasound waves by the human crystalline lens correlated with its hardness. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate lens hardness.
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Thompson G. Telling tales. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 2000; 83:10-2. [PMID: 10832310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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131
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Qureshi M, Thompson G, Lehotay D. Analytical evaluation of 17 laboratory tests on the Bayer Centaur system. Clin Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thompson G. Biosphere management: some tools of the trade. Science 2000; 287:234-5. [PMID: 10660420 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5451.233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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134
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Nicolle LE, Dyck B, Thompson G, Roman S, Kabani A, Plourde P, Fast M, Embil J. Regional dissemination and control of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Manitoba Chapter of CHICA-Canada. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:202-5. [PMID: 10100549 DOI: 10.1086/501613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain introduced into the largest tertiary-care teaching hospital in Manitoba in 1993 led to a sustained outbreak with secondary outbreaks at one community hospital, two large long-term-care facilities, and nosocomial transmission at a second teaching hospital. Control measures were consistent at each institution and were coordinated on a province-wide basis. MRSA is not currently endemic in any facility in the province.
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Jackson MS, Rocchi M, Thompson G, Hearn T, Crosier M, Guy J, Kirk D, Mulligan L, Ricco A, Piccininni S, Marzella R, Viggiano L, Archidiacono N. Sequences flanking the centromere of human chromosome 10 are a complex patchwork of arm-specific sequences, stable duplications and unstable sequences with homologies to telomeric and other centromeric locations. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:205-15. [PMID: 9931328 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about sequence organization close to human centromeres, despite empirical and theoretical data which suggest that it may be unusual. Here we present maps which physically define large sequence duplications flanking the centromeric satellites of human chromosome 10, together with a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of pericentromeric sequence stability. Our results indicate that the duplications on each chromosome arm are organized into two blocks of approximately 250 and 150 kb separated by approximately 300 kb of non-duplicated DNA. The larger proximal blocks, containing ZNF11A, ZNF33A and ZNF37A (10p11) and ZNF11B, ZNF33B and ZNF37B (10q11), are inverted. However, the smaller distal blocks, containing D10S141A (10p11) and D10S141B (10q11), are not. A primate FISH analysis indicates that these loci were duplicated before the divergence of orang-utans from other Great Apes, that a cytogenetically cryptic pericentric inversion may have been involved in the formation of the flanking duplications and that they have undergone further rearrangement in other primate species. More surprising is the fact that sequences across the entire pericentromeric region appear to have undergone unprecedented levels of duplication, transposition, inversion and either deletion or sequence divergence in all primate species analysed. Extrapolating our data to the whole genome suggests that a minimum of 50 Mb of DNA in centromere-proximal regions is subject to an elevated level of mechanistically diverse sequence rearrangements compared with the bulk of genomic DNA.
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Thompson G, Zhang R. Schwinger models in arbitrary gauges and at finite temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4616/13/6/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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137
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Breen C, Thompson G, Webb M. Preparation, thermal stability and decomposition routes of clay/Triton-X100 composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a907860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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138
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Candeira M, Schuch W, Greiner L, Buckley L, Gold H, Langer A, McKane B, Melin M, Oakley M, Schellenbach J, Schuch A, Thiadens SR, Thompson G, Upstill C. American Cancer Society Lymphedema Workshop: Workgroup V: Collaboration and advocacy. Cancer 1998; 83:2888-90. [PMID: 9874419 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981215)83:12b+<2888::aid-cncr47>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cowdrey G, Firth M, Moss R, Karim A, Thompson G, Firth G. The analysis of aqueous humor constituents using capillary zone electrophoresis. Exp Eye Res 1998; 67:449-55. [PMID: 9820793 DOI: 10.1006/exer.1998.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the difficulties encountered in the study of aqueous humor is the relatively small volume generally available for analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of nanolitre quantities of this fluid. Twelve samples of aqueous humor were obtained from patients undergoing cataract surgery and a further three samples were from non cataract post mortem subjects within 6 hr of death. CE was carried out in an uncoated fused silica glass capillary, 75 mu internal diameter and 100 cm long using a run buffer of 40 mM borate pH 9.4 containing 0.4 g l-1 methylcellulose. Detection of the separated zones was by ultra violet absorption at 200 nm. Preliminary identification of peaks was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis and spiking with purified analytes. A number of very well resolved peaks were obtained from both cataract and post mortem samples using nanolitre quantities of unmodified fluid. Additional peaks were noted in the post mortem samples, most of which were likely to be due to a partial breakdown of the blood aqueous humor barrier. The profiles obtained were not significantly affected by various drugs routinely administered during cataract surgery. This preliminary study has demonstrated the potential value of CE in the analysis of aqueous humor in health and disease.
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Hunstiger T, Thompson G. Vocational rehabilitation of people with traumatic brain injury. HAWAII MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998; 57:618-20, 622-3. [PMID: 9796139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of the vocational rehabilitation counselor in the rehabilitation process for individuals with TBI is explained. The specialized evaluation, team-orientation, and services involved are described. Eight areas involved in vocational evaluation are noted: social support, vocational/educational, independent living, medical, behavioral/psychosocial, financial, legal, and other areas.
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Thompson G, Owen D, Chalk PA, Lowe PN. Delineation of the Cdc42/Rac-binding domain of p21-activated kinase. Biochemistry 1998; 37:7885-91. [PMID: 9601050 DOI: 10.1021/bi980140+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) serve as effector proteins for the GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. They are serine/threonine kinases containing the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) motif. The main aim of this study was to define the minimal domain of alphaPAK required for Cdc42/Rac binding. Eight stable PAK fragments of varying lengths, each containing the CRIB motif (residues 75-88), were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their ability to interact with Cdc42 and Rac was assessed using scintillation proximity assays, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fluorescence techniques. The shortest fragments examined (residues 70-94 and 75-94) bound only weakly to either Cdc42 or Rac. A longer fragment starting at residue 75 and ending at residue 105 showed binding to Q61L Rac.GTP with Kd = 1.9 microM. Highest affinity binding (Kd approximately 0.05 microM) was seen with longer fragments ending at residue 118 or 132. A small increase in affinity was seen with those fragments starting at residue 70 rather than residue 75. PAK fragments bound with approximately 3-10-fold higher affinity to Cdc42 than to Rac and bound Q61L variants with 5-10-fold higher affinity than wild type. The dissociation rates of Q61L Rac.mant-GTP and of Q61L Cdc42. mant-GTP from PAK fragment residues 70-132 were measured to be 0.66 and 0.25 min-1, respectively, which are 100-fold lower than dissociation rates for Ras:Ras-effector domains, although their affinities are similar. Calorimetric measurements revealed that binding was associated with a relatively slow heat change. It is suggested that these PAK fragments (in the absence of Cdc42 or Rac) might exist predominantly in an inactive conformation that slowly interconverts with an active conformation and/or a slow conformational change may occur upon binding to Cdc42/Rac. In conclusion, the PAK CRIB motif itself is insufficient for high-affinity binding to Cdc42/Rac, but a 30 amino acid region of PAK (residues 75-105), containing this motif, is sufficient.
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Hale RS, Thompson G. Codon optimization of the gene encoding a domain from human type 1 neurofibromin protein results in a threefold improvement in expression level in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 1998; 12:185-8. [PMID: 9518459 DOI: 10.1006/prep.1997.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An internal domain from the human type 1 neurofibromin has previously been expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with gluthathione S-transferase (GST). The expression level of this protein was lower than expected and so a gene was constructed using the distribution of codons found in highly expressed E. coli proteins. Codons were assigned using a Microsoft Visual Basic computer program to give a distribution similar to those found in genes which are highly expressed in E. coli. The optimized gene was then cloned back into the same GST fusion plasmid and it was found that the expression of soluble protein had increased threefold.
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Thompson G. Detection of malingering with the Boston qualitative scoring system for the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-6177(98)90547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Thompson G. Intelligent buildings: a self regulating environment. WORLD HOSPITALS AND HEALTH SERVICES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL FEDERATION 1998; 34:41-2. [PMID: 10387684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Developments in technology mean that "intelligent buildings" are now fact, not fiction. There is a fine line that must be followed when developing an intelligent building. The occupier must understand what is being provided and what is expected from the completed building. Careful observation of the proposed occupiers operating regime is a must. The most elegant solution to designing an intelligent building lies in the design of its fabric, so called passive engineering. Passive engineering emulates what happens in the natural world: a true intelligent building will provide a self-regulating internal environment by purely natural means.
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Carrick F, Peereboom H, Thompson G. Success of Enclosures Featuring Innovative Design Features for Public Display of Platypuses. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1071/am98301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The history of public displays of platypuses has often not been a happy one for the platypuses concerned; however, there are also some examples of success. Although other approaches to keeping platypuses in captivity have been developed, most of the interesting things which platypuses do occur underwater, and a properly designed and engineered structure provides the opportunity for much larger numbers of people to see platypuses than in open situations. The construction of displays at Brisbane Forest Park and Fleay's Wildlife Park incorporates several innovative features, but at least as importantly, a management approach which fundamentally allows the platypus to come and go from the display area as it pleases, has been implemented. There are now several years experience with these facilities and the successful maintenance of their residents.
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Enoch P, Akehurst RL, Sheridan P, Savege P, Silverman S, Bennett W, McNee W, Metcalfe S, Wright JM, Wierzbicki AS, Reynolds TM, Davis AM, Mikhailidis DP, Winder AF, McMurray J, McGuire A, Raikou M, Morrison C, Wakeman AP, Leach RH, Lewis D, Wallis EJ, Ramsay LE, Yeo WW, Jackson PR, Pickin M, Haq IU, Betteridge J, Shepherd J, Thompson G, Kjekshus J, Pedersen TR. Use of statins. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7122.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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147
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Betteridge J, Shepherd J, Thompson G. Use of statins. Sheffield tables have shortcomings. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1997; 315:1619. [PMID: 9437296 PMCID: PMC2127983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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148
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Thompson G. A case for multi-disciplinary teams in primary care. HEALTH LAW IN CANADA 1997; 18:47-9. [PMID: 10178197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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149
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Thompson G, Chalk PA, Lowe PN. Interaction of PAK with Rac: determination of a minimum binding domain on PAK. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:509S. [PMID: 9388728 DOI: 10.1042/bst025509s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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150
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Thompson G, Mohammed H, Bauman B, Naqi S. Systemic and local antibody responses to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus and control chickens. Avian Dis 1997; 41:519-27. [PMID: 9356695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum and local (respiratory) antibody responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were studied in 5-wk-old white leghorn-type control chickens and chickens inoculated with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at 1 day of age. Of the chickens inoculated with IBV alone, 93% had detectable levels of IBV antibodies in the sera and 87% had detectable antibodies in the respiratory lavage fluids. Compared to this group, only 73% and 65% of IBDV-IBV inoculated chickens had serum and respiratory antibodies, respectively. In chickens inoculated with IBV alone, the IBV antibodies were evenly associated with immunoglobulin classes IgM, IgG, and IgA, whereas the IBDV-IBV inoculated chickens mainly produced IgM-associated antibodies with low to negligible levels of IgA- and IgG-associated antibodies. These results suggest that the lack of adequate IgA- and IgG-associated antibody production in IBDV-infected chickens may account for their increased susceptibility to IBV infection.
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