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Rodriguez L, Takacs P, Kang J. Single-dose methotrexate for the management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 84:271-2. [PMID: 15001382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2003] [Revised: 10/29/2003] [Accepted: 10/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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127
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O AM, Rodriguez L, Alvarado Y. Mode-mismatched thermal lens experiment in the pulse regime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/5/5/375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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128
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Fini A, Rodriguez L, Cavallari C, Albertini B, Passerini N. Ultrasound-compacted and spray-congealed indomethacin/polyethyleneglycol systems. Int J Pharm 2002; 247:11-22. [PMID: 12429481 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The product obtained by ultrasound (US)-assisted compaction was compared with a solid dispersion for systems containing polyethyleneglycols (PEGs) of different molecular weights and indomethacin (IMC), at the weight ratio 9:1, obtained by traditional melting and followed by a new US-assisted spray-congealing technique. US-discharge during compaction affects crystallinity of both IMC and PEG: pure IMC changes to an amorphous form and, when in mixture with PEG, partially dissolves in the excipient: this causes an increase of the dissolution rate of the drug. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms do not reveal any endothermic peak associated with the melting of the drug, while X-ray diffractograms show a loss of crystallinity of both IMC and PEG in the US-compacted granules. The extent of a back-crystallisation, which reduces the dissolution rate, as a function of the ageing of the material, depends on the type of the selected PEG. When a molten IMC/PEG mixture was transformed into microspheres by an US-assisted spray-congealing technique, the behaviour at dissolution almost recalls that of US-compacted granulates and some differences are briefly discussed.
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Berson A, Emery R, Ng T, Rodriguez L, Sanghavi S. Clinical experience using respiratory gated radiation therapy for tumors in the chest, upper abdomen, and breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(02)03395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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130
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Rodriguez L, Cavallari C, Passerini N, Albertini B, González-Rodríguez M, Fini A. Preparation and characterization by morphological analysis of diclofenac/PEG 4000 granules obtained using three different techniques. Int J Pharm 2002; 242:285-9. [PMID: 12176265 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The steam granulation is a new wet granulation technique, which involves the use of steam water instead of traditional liquid water as granulation liquid. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using this new technique to prepare diclofenac-polyethylene glycol 4000 accelerated-release granules. Steam granules were prepared in a laboratory scale high-shear mixer, and their properties were then compared to those of granules, having the same composition, obtained by traditional granulation techniques (wet and melt granulation). The results showed that, selecting the proper process parameters, it was possible to obtain granules using all the three methods; however, the total process time was significantly shorter for steam granulation (30 min) in comparison to traditional wet granulation (70 min), due to the lower amount of used water. The morphological characterization of steam, water and melt granules, performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis, revealed that steam granules had a more spherical shape and a larger surface area with respect to water and melt ones, suggesting a possible difference in dissolution behavior. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis evidenced the transformation of the drug from its originally crystalline form into the amorphous one. Finally, the in vitro dissolution tests showed an increased dissolution rate of the drug from the granules (in particular steam granules) in comparison to pure drug and physical mixture. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the steam granulation technique could be considered an interesting alternative to traditional wet granulation to improve the dissolution rate of diclofenac.
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Foley D, Dufour A, Rodriguez L, Caporaso F, Prakash A. Reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in shredded iceberg lettuce by chlorination and gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(01)00530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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132
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Woods MJ, Woods DH, Woods SA, Husband LJ, Jerome SM, Michotte C, Ratel G, Crespo M, Garcia-Torano E, Rodriguez L, Luca A, Denecke B, Sibbens G, Morel J, Etcheverry M, Santry D, Janssen H, Schönfeld E, Schötzig U. Standardization and decay data of 237Np. Appl Radiat Isot 2002; 56:415-20. [PMID: 11839049 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports contributions from participants in the EUROMET project (No. 416) which was entitled "237Np research into problems relating to purification, characterization and standardization". Primary standardizations were made by the defined low solid angle, coincidence, 4pi alpha, 2pi alpha and liquid scintillation counting methods. Secondary standardizations were made with calibrated gamma-ray spectrometers. Absolute X-ray, gamma-ray and alpha-particle emission probabilities were also determined. The results for the successful conclusion of both primary and secondary standardization are presented together with the values for alpha-particle and gamma-ray emission probabilities determined in this exercise. Several significant inconsistencies remain with the gamma-ray emission probabilities, and these are highlighted.
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Karni A, Holtzman R, Bass T, Zorman G, Carter L, Rodriguez L, Bennett-Shipman VJ, Lottenberg L. Traumatic head injury in the anticoagulated elderly patient: a lethal combination. Am Surg 2001; 67:1098-100. [PMID: 11730229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin is the most common oral anticoagulant used for chronic anticoagulation therapy. Even without any antecedent trauma overanticoagulation can result in intracranial hemorrhage. The triad of anticoagulation with warfarin, age greater than 65 years, and traumatic head injury frequently produces a lethal brain hemorrhage. A retrospective review of more than 2000 patients admitted to the Trauma Service between September 1998 and May 2000 produced 278 patients with head injury and CT-documented intracranial hemorrhage. Of these patients 21 were admitted with an elevated prothrombin time (PT) due to anticoagulation with warfarin. Eighteen patients (86%) were above the age of 70. The most common indications for anticoagulation were atrial fibrillation (71%), deep venous thrombosis (19%), aortic valve replacement (9%), and ischemic cerebral infarcts (9%). Fourteen injuries were the result of a fall, one resulted from a gunshot wound, and one resulted from an assault. The remaining five patients were excluded as their history, workup, and evaluation by neurosurgery suggested a spontaneous bleed leading to fall rather than a fall causing a traumatic bleed. The average Glasgow Coma Score on admission was 11. The average PT and International Normalized Ratio (INR) on admission were 19.2 and 2.99 respectively. Eight of the 16 patients analyzed died. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage with relatively minor head injury is increased dramatically in the anticoagulated patient. A mortality rate of 50 per cent far exceeds the mortality rate in patients with similar head injuries who are not anticoagulated. In addition the risk/benefit equation of anticoagulation for the elderly is more complex and differs from that for younger patients. Perhaps more frequent and judicious monitoring of prothrombin time levels with lower therapeutic ranges (INR 1.5-2) is necessary.
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Kador PF, Sun G, Rait VK, Rodriguez L, Ma Y, Sugiyama K. Intrinsic inhibition of aldose reductase. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2001; 17:373-81. [PMID: 11572468 DOI: 10.1089/108076801753162780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic complications, such as cataract and retinopathy, has been of intense interest in the pharmaceutical community for the last 20 years. To date, aldose reductase inhibitors have been synthetically developed from leads obtained from in vitro screening studies. Recently, we have observed that mammalian tissues contain intrinsic inhibitors of aldose reductase, which may be used as potential drugs for treating diabetic complications with potentially less side effects than synthetic aldose reductase inhibitors. Intrinsic inhibitor(s) of aldose reductase have been observed in the methanolic extracts from rat and human kidneys and bovine lenses that were subjected to a number of chromatographic techniques, including counter current chromatography, flash chromatography, gel filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography. This inhibition results from a direct interaction between the inhibitor and enzyme. The intrinsic inhibitor, present in the lipophilic fraction of human kidney and bovine lens extracts, can easily penetrate into the lens to inhibit sugar alcohol formation. Intraperitoneal injection of partially purified bovine lens extract inhibited lens polyol formation in young rats fed 50% galactose diet.
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Schlitzer M, Rodriguez L, Kador PF. Synthesis of potential aldose reductase inhibitors based on minimal pharmacophore requirements. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:831-9. [PMID: 11428659 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 17 compounds were synthesized based on the premise that the minimal pharmacophore for aldose reductase inhibition requires the presence of both an aryl group and polar group connected by a linking structure. Three groups of compounds were synthesized, the first possessing an aniline-4-(2'-6'-methylbenzothiazole) or 2-aminobenzothiazole group as the aryl group, the second possessing a 2-naphthyl as the aryl group and the third possessing either a 4-(2-phenylthiazole) or 2-(5-2'-nitrophenylfuran) as the aryl group. In all three of these groups the carboxylate or its methyl ester are linked to the aryl group through various lengths of methylene carbons and amide or cinnamide groups. Optimal activity was observed when the carboxylic group was separated from the aryl group by a linking structure of five atoms in length. Both a double bond and an amide moiety are well tolerated in the linking structure.
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de Lucas A, Valverde J, Rodriguez L, Sanchez P, Garcia M. Modified W/HZSM-5 catalysts: structure and catalytic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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137
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Batalla A, Redondo LR, Gutiérrez J, Avello R, Rodriguez L. Coronary risk factors in patients with early-onset coronary disease and normal coronariography. Int J Cardiol 2001; 78:203. [PMID: 11398772 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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138
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Ekpe A, Tong JH, Rodriguez L. High-performance liquid chromatographic method development and validation for the simultaneous quantitation of naproxen sodium and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride impurities. J Chromatogr Sci 2001; 39:81-6. [PMID: 11277256 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/39.3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous determination of impurities associated with pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSEH) and naproxen sodium (NapNa) is developed and validated. The method is developed using a Waters Spherisorb cyano column (5 microm, 250 x 4.6 mm). An isocratic elution in a water-acetonitrile-methanol-triethylamine mixture (850:75:75:5) is adjusted to a pH of 3.7 +/- 0.02 with formic acid as the mobile phase. The UV detection was set at 260 nm, and the wavelength was switched to 235 nm before the elution of the last component, 2-ethyl-6-methoxy-naphthalene (EMN). The method is shown to be linear at a concentration range of 0.24 to 1.92 microg/mL for benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and 2-(methylamino)-propiophenone hydrochloride, which are known impurities of PSEH. The NapNa impurities, 2-(6'-hydroxy-2'-naphthyl) propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-naphthalene, 1-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl) ethanol, 2-acetyl-6-methoxy-naphthalene, and EMN are also demonstrated to be linear at a concentration range of 0.44 to 3.52 microg/mL. Under the chromatographic conditions of the method, all impurities are resolved from the active components.
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139
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Garcia MJ, Firstenberg MS, Greenberg NL, Smedira N, Rodriguez L, Prior D, Thomas JD. Estimation of left ventricular operating stiffness from Doppler early filling deceleration time in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H554-61. [PMID: 11158951 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Shortened early transmitral deceleration times (E(DT)) have been qualitatively associated with increased filling pressure and reduced survival in patients with cardiac disease and increased left ventricular operating stiffness (K(LV)). An equation relating K(LV) quantitatively to E(DT) has previously been described in a canine model but not in humans. During several varying hemodynamic conditions, we studied 18 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Transesophageal echocardiographic two-dimensional volumes and Doppler flows were combined with high-fidelity left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) pressures to determine K(LV). From digitized Doppler recordings, E(DT) was measured and compared against changes in LV and LA diastolic volumes and pressures. E(DT) (180 +/- 39 ms) was inversely associated with LV end-diastolic pressures (r = -0.56, P = 0.004) and net atrioventricular stiffness (r = -0.55, P = 0.006) but had its strongest association with K(LV) (r = -0.81, P < 0.001). K(LV) was predicted assuming a nonrestrictive orifice (K(nonrest)) from E(DT) as K(nonrest) = (0.07/E(DT))(2) with K(LV) = 1.01 K(nonrest) - 0.02; r = 0.86, P < 0.001, DeltaK (K(nonrest) - K(LV)) = 0.02 +/- 0.06 mm Hg/ml. In adults with cardiac disease, E(DT) provides an accurate estimate of LV operating stiffness and supports its application as a practical noninvasive index in the evaluation of diastolic function.
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Smith EJ, Shi L, Drummond P, Rodriguez L, Hamilton R, Ramlal S, Smith G, Pierce K, Foster J. Expressed sequence tags for the chicken genome from a normalized 10-day-old White Leghorn whole embryo cDNA library: 1. DNA sequence characterization and linkage analysis. J Hered 2001; 92:1-8. [PMID: 11336223 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/92.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide a rapid and reliable method for gene discovery as well as a resource for the large-scale analysis of gene expression of known and unknown genes. Here we describe a normalized cDNA library developed from a 10-day-old White Leghorn chicken whole embryo. The utility of the library was evaluated by partial sequencing of 99 randomly selected insert-containing clones and the analysis of EST-targeted genomic regions for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the East Lansing chicken reference DNA mapping panel. Using stringent match criteria of percent identity of 80 or higher across a length of 50 or more bases, 46 ESTs matched database sequences including previously reported Gallus gallus genes. Thirty-seven of the 50 primer pairs developed from 50 unique ESTs amplified a single fragment. The size of the 37 amplicons ranged from 276 to 693 bp for a total of 17,508 and an average of 473. About 70% of the SNPs detected were either G-->A or C-->T transition. The number of SNPs detected within the amplicons from EST-targeted genomic regions ranged from 0 to 4 for a total of 65 and a frequency of about 1 every 470 bases. About 35% of the amplicons contained only 1 SNP, while 19% had 4 SNPs. Using the SNPs that were informative in the East Lansing reference panel, 17 ESTs were mapped on the East Lansing chicken genetic map. The ESTs described, as well as the nucleotide variants identified within the EST-targeted genomic regions, represent significant resources for genome analysis in the chicken.
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Rajagopalan N, Garcia MJ, Rodriguez L, Murray RD, Apperson-Hansen C, Stugaard M, Thomas JD, Klein AL. Comparison of new Doppler echocardiographic methods to differentiate constrictive pericardial heart disease and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87:86-94. [PMID: 11137840 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses how the newer modalities of tissue Doppler echocardiography and color M-mode flow propagation compare with respiratory variation of Doppler flow in distinguishing between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. We studied 30 patients referred for further evaluation of diastolic function who had a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy established by diagnostic tests, including clinical assessment, magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac catheterization, endomyocardial biopsy, and surgical findings. Nineteen patients had constrictive pericarditis and 11 had restrictive cardiomyopathy. We performed 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography combined with pulsed-wave Doppler of the pulmonary veins and mitral inflow with respiratory monitoring, tissue Doppler echocardiography of the lateral mitral annulus, and color M-mode flow propagation of left ventricular filling. Respiratory variation of the mitral inflow peak early (peak E) velocity of > or =10% predicted constrictive pericarditis with 84% sensitivity and 91% specificity and variation in the pulmonary venous peak diastolic (peak D) flow velocity of > or =18% distinguished constriction with 79% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Using tissue Doppler echocardiography, a peak early velocity of longitudinal expansion (peak Ea) of > or =8.0 cm/s differentiated patients with constriction from restriction with 89% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A slope of > or =100 cm/s for the first aliasing contour in color M-mode flow propagation predicted patients with constriction with 74% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Thus, the newer methods of tissue Doppler echocardiography and color M-mode flow propagation are equivalent and complimentary with Doppler respiratory variation in distinguishing between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. The additive role of the new methods needs to be established in difficult cases of constrictive pericarditis where respiratory variation may be absent or decreased.
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142
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Caraballo I, Millán M, Fini A, Rodriguez L, Cavallari C. Percolation thresholds in ultrasound compacted tablets. J Control Release 2000; 69:345-55. [PMID: 11102675 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty matrix systems with different KCl content (as drug model, from 10 to 90% w/w) and Eudragit RS-PM (as inert excipient) were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted press and a traditional eccentric machine. The release behavior from both types of matrices was examined; the kinetic parameters for the release (intrinsic dissolution) and the technological properties of the final tablets (total porosity) were used to estimate the percolation threshold for the drug model and the excipient in both systems. For the systems compacted by ultrasound (US) the estimated value for the excipient percolation threshold ranges from 13.4 to 20.2% v/v (lower than that found for traditional tablets), that agrees with a continuum percolation model suggesting the presence of a continuum phase inside the tablet. This depends on a thermoplastic deformation of Eudragit RS-PM under ultrasound, that destroyed the particulate system of the excipient and transform it into a continuum medium. The percolation threshold for KCl ranged from 58.6 to 61.0% v/v for US and from 26.7 to 42.2% v/v for the traditional tablets. The higher value for ultrasound compacted tablets can be explained by the difficulty of KCl to outcome from a matrix containing insoluble phase that surrounds KCl crystals.
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Marengo E, Cavalli R, Caputo O, Rodriguez L, Gasco MR. Scale-up of the preparation process of solid lipid nanospheres. Part I. Int J Pharm 2000; 205:3-13. [PMID: 11000537 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An apparatus was designed to prepare solid lipid nanospheres (SLN), potential colloidal therapeutic system obtained by dispersing a warm oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion in cold water. The apparatus, consisting mainly of a thermostated aluminium chamber and a pneumatic piston, permitted to disperse through a needle up to 100 ml of warm microemulsion and to vary the temperature, the dispersing rate and the drop size of the warm o/w microemulsion. Experimental design was applied to study the effect of four experimental factors, such as chamber temperature, piston pressure, needle gauge and volume of dispersing water, on average diameter and polydispersity index of SLN and on dispersing time of microemulsion (the time required for the microemulsion to drip completely from the apparatus). The results showed that temperature and pressure play the most important roles depending on the needle gauge used. In particular, the smallest SLN were obtained using high temperature and pressure values and a small needle gauge.
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Blanco A, Gandara JM, Rodriguez A, Garcia A, Rodriguez L. Biochemical alterations and their clinical correlation to oral lichen planus. MEDICINA ORAL : ORGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA ORAL Y DE LA ACADEMIA IBEROAMERICANA DE PATOLOGIA Y MEDICINA BUCAL 2000; 5:238-249. [PMID: 11507560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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145
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Rodriguez L, Oelkers C, Aguirrezabalaga I, Braña AF, Rohr J, Méndez C, Salas JA. Generation of hybrid elloramycin analogs by combinatorial biosynthesis using genes from anthracycline-type and macrolide biosynthetic pathways. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 2:271-6. [PMID: 10937435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elloramycin and oleandomycin are two polyketide compounds produced by Streptomyces olivaceus Tü2353 and Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC11891, respectively. Elloramycin is an anthracycline-like antitumor drug and oleandomycin a macrolide antibiotic. Expression in S. albus of a cosmid (cos16F4) containing part of the elloramycin biosynthetic gene cluster produced the elloramycin non-glycosylated intermediate 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C. Several plasmid constructs harboring different gene combinations of L-oleandrose (neutral 2,6-dideoxyhexose attached to the macrolide antibiotic oleandomycin) biosynthetic genes of S. antibioticus that direct the biosynthesis of L-olivose, L-oleandrose and L-rhamnose were coexpressed with cos16F4 in S. albus. Three new hybrid elloramycin analogs were produced by these recombinant strains through combinatorial biosynthesis, containing elloramycinone or 12a-demethyl-elloramycinone (= 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin C) as aglycone moiety encoded by S. olivaceus genes and different sugar moieties, coded by the S. antibioticus genes. Among them is L-olivose, which is here described for the first time as a sugar moiety of a natural product.
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Abstract
Recent studies have identified compounds with reduced efficacy relative to nociceptin/orphanin FQ at the opioid-like receptor ORL1. Utilizing stimulation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding as in vitro assays, it was determined that both [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) and the hexapeptide Ac-RYYRIK-NH(2) act as partial agonists in CHO cells transfected with either human or mouse ORL1. Maximal activity for both [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)NH(2) and Ac-RYYRIK-NH(2) was significantly greater in cells transfected with the human receptor (90% and 73% in a high expressing clone, 76% and 68% in low expressing clone) rather than the mouse receptor (37.5 and 33%), regardless of receptor number in individual clones. In vitro studies in cells transfected with exaggerated receptor numbers can lead to unreliable estimates of agonist and antagonist activity, however, these studies suggest that animal experiments on the activity of novel compounds may not always be better predictors of the ultimate activity in humans.
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147
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Maestro A, Suarez MA, Rodriguez L, Guerra C, Murcia A. The midvastus surgical approach in total knee arthroplasty. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2000; 24:104-7. [PMID: 10894381 PMCID: PMC3620592 DOI: 10.1007/s002640000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a study of 2 surgical approaches to the knee in 42 consecutive patients undergoing a total arthroplasty. They were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 (n=17) the knee was exposed through classic medial parapatellar arthrotomy and in Group 2 (n=25) the knee was approached through the fibers of the medial vastus. Preoperative assessment did not reveal any statistical differences between the groups, and blood loss, operation time, biochemistry values and radiographic evaluation were also similar. However, a higher number of lateral releases, a loss of knee extension and a reduced range of motion were significantly associated with classical parapatellar arthrotomy. As the number of operative or postoperative complications was not increased, we recommend the mid-vastus approach for total knee arthroplasty.
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148
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Aguirrezabalaga I, Olano C, Allende N, Rodriguez L, Braña AF, Méndez C, Salas JA. Identification and expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of L-oleandrose and its intermediate L-olivose in the oleandomycin producer Streptomyces antibioticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1266-75. [PMID: 10770761 PMCID: PMC89854 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.5.1266-1275.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9.8-kb DNA region from the oleandomycin gene cluster in Streptomyces antibioticus was cloned. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 8 open reading frames encoding different enzyme activities involved in the biosynthesis of one of the two 2, 6-deoxysugars attached to the oleandomycin aglycone: L-oleandrose (the oleW, oleV, oleL, and oleU genes) and D-desosamine (the oleNI and oleT genes), or of both (the oleS and oleE genes). A Streptomyces albus strain harboring the oleG2 glycosyltransferase gene integrated into the chromosome was constructed. This strain was transformed with two different plasmid constructs (pOLV and pOLE) containing a set of genes proposed to be required for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-olivose and dTDP-L-oleandrose, respectively. Incubation of these recombinant strains with the erythromycin aglycon (erythronolide B) gave rise to two new glycosylated compounds, identified as L-3-O-olivosyl- and L-3-O-oleandrosyl-erythronolide B, indicating that pOLV and pOLE encode all enzyme activities required for the biosynthesis of these two 2,6-dideoxysugars. A pathway is proposed for the biosynthesis of these two deoxysugars in S. antibioticus.
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149
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Planas E, Sánchez S, Rodriguez L, Pol O, Puig MM. Antinociceptive/anti-edema effects of liposomal morphine during acute inflammation of the rat paw. Pharmacology 2000; 60:121-7. [PMID: 10754448 DOI: 10.1159/000028356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-edema/antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous free and liposomal morphine in rats with carrageenan-induced inflammation of the paw. We assessed antinociception by the paw pressure test and edema by plethysmography. Unilamellar liposomes (150-200 nm) with 0.3% morphine hydrochloride were used; encapsulation significantly reduced the rate for release of morphine in vitro. During inflammation, the antinociceptive potency of free, but not liposomal morphine increased 2.5 times; moreover, duration of the effects was prolonged by encapsulation (p < 0.001). The anti-edema effects of liposomal morphine were more pronounced (p < 0. 001) and of longer duration (p < 0.05). All the effects were reversed by naloxone. The results show that morphine encapsulation enhances the anti-edema effects and prolongs antinociception.
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Sahid S, Sepulveda W, Dezerega V, Gutierrez J, Rodriguez L, Corral E. Iniencephaly: prenatal diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:202-5. [PMID: 10719321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Iniencephaly is a rare malformation characterized by the triad of occipital bone defect, cervical dysraphism and fixed retroflexion of the fetal head. Because of its almost invariable lethal prognosis, termination of pregnancy is commonplace when this condition is diagnosed before viability. In this report we describe eight cases of iniencephaly prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound between 18 and 28 weeks of gestation and discuss the subsequent obstetric management in a country where elective abortion is illegal. Prenatal karyotyping was performed in seven cases, revealing a normal complement in all fetuses. One pregnancy miscarried at 24 weeks. Uneventful vaginal delivery was accomplished in six of the remaining seven cases, one delivered spontaneously at 29 weeks and five were induced between 28-32 weeks due to increasing polyhydramnios. In the remaining case the pregnancy progressed to 35 weeks, at which time spontaneous labour began and an emergency Caesarean section was performed because of malpresentation. There were no survivors in this series. We conclude that, in countries were elective abortion is not allowed, women carrying an iniencephalic fetus may benefit from preterm induction of labour in order to avoid labour dystocia, maternal trauma during delivery and the risks of a Caesarean section.
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