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Peterson Silveira R, Stergiou P, Figueiredo P, Castro FDS, Katz L, Stefanyshyn DJ. Key determinants of time to 5 m in different ventral swimming start techniques. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1317-1326. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1486460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sousa AC, Fernandes RJ, Boas JPV, Figueiredo P. High-intensity Interval Training in Different Exercise Modes: Lessons from Time to Exhaustion. Int J Sports Med 2018; 39:668-673. [PMID: 29925107 DOI: 10.1055/a-0631-2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To provide information for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) load, we compared the temporal variables of VO2 response at, and after, a time sustained at the exercise intensity corresponding to VO2max (Tlim) in different exercise modes. Forty-five trained male swimmers (11), rowers (13), runners (10) and cyclists (11) completed an incremental protocol to determine the velocity (vVO2max) or power (wVO2max) at VO2max and a square wave exercise from rest to 100% of vVO2max/wVO2max. The temporal variables of VO2 response were examined using a breath-by-breath gas analyzer. VO2 responses were not different between exercise modes, except for the percentage of VO2max at 50% of Tlim, which was ~6% higher in rowing compared to cycling (97.70±2.90 vs 92.40±5.69%, p=0.013). During the recovery period, both swimmers and rowers evidenced higher percentages of VO2max compared to cyclists at 30 s (65.1±10.4 and 65.7±5.6 vs 52.7±5.6%) and 60 s (41.7±10.8 and 38.4±5.4 vs 30.4±1.8%) time periods, all for p<0.01. Furthermore, swimmers presented higher time values to reach 50% VO2max compared to runners and cyclists (51.1±15.6 vs 38.1±6.7 and 33.8±4.7%; p<0.001). When training at 100% of VO2max intensity, fixed intervals for HIIT could be set freely. However, recovery periods based on time or intensity are exercise-mode dependent.
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Krustrup P, Williams CA, Mohr M, Hansen PR, Helge EW, Elbe AM, de Sousa M, Dvorak J, Junge A, Hammami A, Holtermann A, Larsen MN, Kirkendall D, Schmidt JF, Andersen TR, Buono P, Rørth M, Parnell D, Ottesen L, Bennike S, Nielsen JJ, Mendham AE, Zar A, Uth J, Hornstrup T, Brasso K, Nybo L, Krustrup BR, Meyer T, Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Hubball H, Reddy PA, Ryom K, Lobelo F, Barene S, Helge JW, Fatouros IG, Nassis GP, Xu JC, Pettersen SA, Calbet JA, Seabra A, Rebelo AN, Figueiredo P, Póvoas S, Castagna C, Milanovic Z, Bangsbo J, Randers MB, Brito J. The "Football is Medicine" platform-scientific evidence, large-scale implementation of evidence-based concepts and future perspectives. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 29917263 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gravito-Soares E, Gravito-Soares M, Figueiredo P. An Unusual Cause of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:e12-e13. [PMID: 28947354 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Gravito-Soares M, Gravito-Soares E, Figueiredo P. An uncommon cause of overt small bowel bleeding. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018; 81:349. [PMID: 30024716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Rodrigues JP, Barreiro P, Carina I, Carvalho L, Figueiredo P, Chagas C. Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy with Water Pump-Assisted Submucosal Tunnel Creation. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 25:331-332. [PMID: 30480052 DOI: 10.1159/000486449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gomes LE, Diogo V, Castro FADS, Vilas-Boas JP, Fernandes RJ, Figueiredo P. Biomechanical analyses of synchronised swimming standard and contra-standard sculling. Sports Biomech 2018; 18:354-365. [PMID: 29334868 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1409258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synchronised swimming involves a variety of sculling movements essential for body support and propulsion but its study is scarce. We aimed to biomechanically compare standard and contra-standard sculling techniques, and to observe the relationship between measures. Six synchronised swimmers performed two, 30 s maximal intensity, fully tethered standard and contra-standard sculling motions. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using a load-cell and underwater cameras, respectively. Force decreased along both techniques' bouts, but no differences in-between techniques were noted for any kinetic variables. Standard sculling presented a higher cycle rate and a lower elbow mean angle than the contra-standard sculling (2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 cycles/s and 134.1 ± 5.8 and 141.5 ± 4.7°, p < 0.05). In the standard sculling, by removing and maintaining the variation between participants (r w and r, respectively), the absolute mean force was directly related with cycle rate (r w = 0.60) and wrist angular velocity during flexion (r = 0.82), while in the contra-standard condition the force was inversely associated with wrist mean angle (r = -0.95) and directly with hand speed (r w = 0.76), and elbow angular velocity (r w ≈ 0.60). Therefore, technique learning and training require different attention by coaches and swimmers.
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Gravito-Soares M, Gravito-Soares E, Figueiredo P, Tomé L. Acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischaemia by early and diffuse atherosclerosis in a young adult patient. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223511. [PMID: 29321203 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Gravito-Soares E, Gravito-Soares M, Figueiredo P. Small-Bowel Diverticulosis: Enteroscopic Diagnosis of an Unusual Cause of Overt Small Bowel Bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:e1-e2. [PMID: 29249408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gravito-Soares E, Gravito-Soares M, Fraga J, Figueiredo P. Large Pedunculated Lipoma of the Colon: Endoscopic Resection Using "Loop-and-Let-Go" Technique. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 25:268-270. [PMID: 30320167 DOI: 10.1159/000485350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lanferdini FJ, Krüger RL, Baroni BM, Lazzari C, Figueiredo P, Reischak-Oliveira A, Vaz MA. Low-level laser therapy improves the VO 2 kinetics in competitive cyclists. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:453-460. [PMID: 29119418 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some evidence supports that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces neuromuscular fatigue, so incrementing sports performance. A previous randomized controlled trial of our group showed increased exercise tolerance in male competitive cyclists treated with three different LLLT doses (3, 6, and 9 J/diode; or 135, 270, and 405 J/thigh) before time-to-exhaustion cycling tests. Now, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of these LLLT doses on the VO2 kinetics of athletes during cycling tests. Twenty male competitive cyclists (29 years) participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. On the first day, the participants performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) and maximal power output (POMAX), as well as a familiarization with the time-to-exhaustion test. In the following days (2 to 5), all participants performed time-to-exhaustion tests at POMAX. Before the exhaustion test, different doses of LLLT (3, 6, and 9 J/diode; or 135, 270, and 405 J/thigh, respectively) or placebo were applied bilaterally to the quadriceps muscle. All exhaustion tests were monitored online by an open-circuit spirometry system in order to analyze the VO2 amplitude, VO2 delay time, time constant (tau), and O2 deficit. Tau and O2 deficit were decreased with LLLT applications compared to the placebo condition (p < 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found between the experimental conditions for VO2 amplitude and VO2 delay time. In conclusion, LLLT decreases tau and O2 deficit during time-to-exhaustion tests in competitive cyclists, and these changes in VO2 kinetics response can be one of the possible mechanisms to explain the ergogenic effect induced by LLLT.
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Carmo J, Marques S, Bispo M, Figueiredo P, Serra D. An Unusual Diagnosis in a Patient with Suspected Colorectal Cancer. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 24:308-310. [PMID: 29255776 PMCID: PMC5731160 DOI: 10.1159/000478942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Canha MI, Oliveiros B, Franco C, Figueiredo P. The lifestyle influence on alcoholic pancreatitis versus alcoholic liver disease: a case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1278-1285. [PMID: 28830264 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1365167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of lifestyle with the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or alcoholic pancreatitis (AlcP). METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 80 patients attending a tertiary university hospital, subdivided into three groups: ALD (n = 34), AlcP (n = 21) and a control (CT) group (n = 25) of alcohol abusers without clinical evidence of hepatic or pancreatic disease. Participants were interviewed regarding alcohol consumption, tobacco use and diet. A physical examination was concomitantly performed and we had access to their complementary investigation. RESULTS We included 10 females and 70 males (mean age 57 ± 10 years). The pure amount of alcohol consumed by the ALD group was significantly higher than the AlcP group, regarding both daily (grams/day) and lifetime (kilograms) consumptions (p = .018 and p = .009, respectively); no statistically significant differences were seen with the CT group. We found no differences regarding the beverage type or drinking outside meals. Smoking was very common in every study group, with higher consumptions and a significantly higher prevalence of ever smokers in the AlcP group, in comparison with ALD and CT patients (p = .033 and p = .036, respectively). There were significant differences in the patients' eating habits before the onset of disease between groups (p < .001), with ALD subjects reporting a less abundant diet and AlcP a more abundant diet in the past; most of the controls had unchanged habits. CONCLUSION We found differences in lifestyle between ALD and AlcP, not considered sufficient to explain the subjects' susceptibility to one disease or the other.
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Figueiredo P, Suttinger M, Go R, Tsvid E, Patel CKN, Lyakh A. Progress in high-power continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:H15-H23. [PMID: 29091662 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000h15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-watt continuous-wave room temperature operation with efficiency exceeding 10% has been demonstrated for quantum cascade lasers essentially in the entire mid-wave and long-wave infrared spectral regions. Along with interband cascade lasers, these devices are the only room-temperature lasers that directly convert electrical power into mid- and long-infrared optical power. In this paper, we review the progress in high-power quantum cascade lasers made over the last 10 years. Specifically, an overview of the most important active region, waveguide, and thermal design techniques is presented, and various aspects of die packaging for high-power applications are discussed. Prospects of power scaling with lateral device dimensions for reaching optical power level in the range from 10 W to 20 W are also analyzed. Finally, coherent and spectral beam-combining techniques for very high-power infrared platforms are discussed.
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Soltani P, Figueiredo P, Fernandes RJ, Vilas-Boas JP. Muscle activation behavior in a swimming exergame: Differences by experience and gaming velocity. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:23-28. [PMID: 28882467 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of playing intensity and prior exergame and sport experience on the activation patterns of upper limb muscles during a swimming exergame were investigated. Surface electromyography of Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Latissimus Dorsi, Upper Trapezius, and Erector Spinae of twenty participants was recorded, and the game play was divided into normal and fast. Mean muscle activation, normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), ranged from 4.9 to 95.2%MVIC and differed between normal and fast swimming for all techniques (p<0.05), except for Latissimus Dorsi during backstroke. After normalizing the %MVIC to playing velocity, selective behaviors were observed between muscles which were sufficient for pragmatic game play. Moreover, prior exergame and real sport experience did not have any effect on the muscle activation changes between normal and fast swimming. These behaviors are likely to happen when players understand the game mechanics, even after a short exposure. Such evaluation might help in adjusting the physical demands of sport exergames, for safe and meaningful experiences.
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Frank-Wilson A, Chalhoub D, Figueiredo P, Jonsson P, Gudnason V, Launer L, Harris T. ASSOCIATIONS OF QUADRICEPS TORQUE PROPERTIES WITH MUSCLE SIZE AND ADIPOSITY IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gravito-Soares M, Almeida N, Gravito-Soares E, Fernandes A, Figueiredo P, Sofia C. Successful and Safe Endoscopic Removal of a Dental Prosthesis from the Colon Using an Adapted Capuchon Hood. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:835. [PMID: 28572648 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Túlio MA, Figueiredo P, Cassis J. Rare Cause for a Colonic Ulcerated Stricture. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:e5-e6. [PMID: 28478141 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Marques EA, Figueiredo P, Gudnason V, Lang T, Sigurdsson G, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Siggeirsdottir K, Launer L, Eiriksdottir G, Harris T. Association Between Sleep Duration and Mid-Thigh Muscle Composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519052.03559.3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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145
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Marques EA, Figueiredo P, Gudnason V, Lang T, Sigurdsson G, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Siggeirsdottir K, Launer L, Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB. Associations of 24-hour sleep duration and CT-derived measurements of muscle and bone: The AGES-Reykjavik Study. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:1-6. [PMID: 28404506 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the importance of sleep on preservation of several physiological functions is well known, the relationship with the two interconnected tissues - muscle and bone is less understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association of 24-hour sleep duration with mid-thigh muscle composition and proximal femur volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). METHODS 2438 men and 3326 women aged 66 to 96years, residents in the Reykjavik area, were included in this cross-sectional study. Proximal femur integral vBMD, mid-thigh muscle area and muscle attenuation were assessed with computed tomography. Sleep and nap habits were assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS We found that after adjustment for age and BMI long sleep duration (>8h/d) was negatively associated with thigh lean area in both men (B=-2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.01, -0.40) and women (B=-2.39, 95% CI: -3.75, -1.03) and with muscle attenuation (B=-0.95, 95% CI: -1.47, -0.43) only in women. After adjustments for age, health and lifestyle factors the association between long sleep duration and muscle lean area was attenuated and became nonsignificant while associations with muscle attenuation remained marginally significant (B=-0.51, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.002). Sleep duration was not associated with proximal femur integral vBMD in the multivariate models. CONCLUSION Long sleep duration, particularly in old women, can affect thigh muscle attenuation (increase in intramuscular fat). Whether optimization of sleep can ameliorate age-associated intramuscular or intermuscular adipose tissue warrants further studies.
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Magro F, Lopes S, Coelho R, Cotter J, Dias de Castro F, Tavares de Sousa H, Salgado M, Andrade P, Vieira AI, Figueiredo P, Caldeira P, Sousa A, Duarte MA, Ávila F, Silva J, Moleiro J, Mendes S, Giestas S, Ministro P, Sousa P, Gonçalves R, Gonçalves B, Oliveira A, Chagas C, Torres J, Dias CC, Lopes J, Borralho P, Afonso J, Geboes K, Carneiro F. Accuracy of Faecal Calprotectin and Neutrophil Gelatinase B-associated Lipocalin in Evaluating Subclinical Inflammation in UlceRaTIVE Colitis-the ACERTIVE study. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:435-444. [PMID: 27664275 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal healing and histological remission are different targets for patients with ulcerative colitis, but both rely on an invasive endoscopic procedure. This study aimed to assess faecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin as biomarkers for disease activity in asymptomatic ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS This was a multicentric cross-sectional study including 371 patients, who were classified according to their endoscopic and histological scores. These results were evaluated alongside the faecal levels of both biomarkers. RESULTS Macroscopic lesions [i.e. endoscopic Mayo score ≥1] were present in 28% of the patients, and 9% had active disease according to fht Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity. Moreover, 21% presented with histological inflammation according to the Geboes index, whereas 15% and 5% presented with focal and diffuse basal plasmacytosis, respectively. The faecal levels of calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin were statistically higher for patients with endoscopic lesions and histological activity. A receiver operating characteristic-based analysis revealed that both biomarkers were able to indicate mucosal healing and histological remission with an acceptable probability, and cut-off levels of 150-250 μg/g for faecal calprotectin and 12 μg/g for neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin were proposed. CONCLUSIONS Faecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin levels are a valuable addition for assessment of disease activity in asymptomatic ulcerative colitis patients. Biological levels of the analysed biomarkers below the proposed thresholds can rule out the presence of macroscopic and microscopic lesions with a probability of 75-93%. However, caution should be applied whenever interpreting positive results, as these biomarkers present consistently low positive predictive values.
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Gomes F, Clemente M, Figueiredo P, Plácito F, Machado H, Santos C, Costa R. Castanea spp. hybrid clones in vitro conservation: synthetic seeds vs. slow growth storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1155.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Figueiredo P, Marques EA, Lepers R. Changes in Contributions of Swimming, Cycling, and Running Performances on Overall Triathlon Performance Over a 26-Year Period. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2406-15. [PMID: 26808853 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Figueiredo, P, Marques, EA, and Lepers, R. Changes in contributions of swimming, cycling, and running performances on overall triathlon performance over a 26-year period. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2406-2415, 2016-This study examined the changes in the individual contribution of each discipline to the overall performance of Olympic and Ironman distance triathlons among men and women. Between 1989 and 2014, overall performances and their component disciplines (swimming, cycling and running) were analyzed from the top 50 overall male and female finishers. Regression analyses determined that for the Olympic distance, the split times in swimming and running decreased over the years (r = 0.25-0.43, p ≤ 0.05), whereas the cycling split and total time remained unchanged (p > 0.05), for both sexes. For the Ironman distance, the cycling and running splits and the total time decreased (r = 0.19-0.88, p ≤ 0.05), whereas swimming time remained stable, for both men and women. The average contribution of the swimming stage (∼18%) was smaller than the cycling and running stages (p ≤ 0.05), for both distances and both sexes. Running (∼47%) and then cycling (∼36%) had the greatest contribution to overall performance for the Olympic distance (∼47%), whereas for the Ironman distance, cycling and running presented similar contributions (∼40%, p > 0.05). Across the years, in the Olympic distance, swimming contribution significantly decreased for women and men (r = 0.51 and 0.68, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas running increased for men (r = 0.33, p = 0.014). In the Ironman distance, swimming and cycling contributions changed in an undulating fashion, being inverse between the two segments, for both sexes (p < 0.01), whereas running contribution decreased for men only (r = 0.61, p = 0.001). These findings highlight that strategies to improve running performance should be the main focus on the preparation to compete in the Olympic distance; whereas, in the Ironman, both cycling and running are decisive and should be well developed.
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Murta T, Hu L, Tierney TM, Chaudhary UJ, Walker MC, Carmichael DW, Figueiredo P, Lemieux L. A study of the electro-haemodynamic coupling using simultaneously acquired intracranial EEG and fMRI data in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 142:371-380. [PMID: 27498370 PMCID: PMC5102699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In current fMRI studies designed to map BOLD changes related to interictal epileptiform discharges (IED), which are recorded on simultaneous EEG, the information contained in the morphology and field extent of the EEG events is exclusively used for their classification. Usually, a BOLD predictor based on IED onset times alone is constructed, effectively treating all events as identical. We used intracranial EEG (icEEG)-fMRI data simultaneously recorded in humans to investigate the effect of including any of the features: amplitude, width (duration), slope of the rising phase, energy (area under the curve), or spatial field extent (number of contacts over which the sharp wave was observed) of the fast wave of the IED (the sharp wave), into the BOLD model, to better understand the neurophysiological origin of sharp wave-related BOLD changes, in the immediate vicinity of the recording contacts. Among the features considered, the width was the only one found to explain a significant amount of additional variance, suggesting that the amplitude of the BOLD signal depends more on the duration of the underlying field potential (reflected in the sharp wave width) than on the degree of neuronal activity synchrony (reflected in the sharp wave amplitude), and, consequently, that including inter-event variations of the sharp wave width in the BOLD signal model may increase the sensitivity of forthcoming EEG-fMRI studies of epileptic activity.
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Figueiredo P, Lino C, Morim M, Pereira J. New hopes with ulipristal acetate: a clinical case. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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