126
|
Paz S, Sun Q, Nakhaei P, Romieu-Mourez R, Goubau D, Julkunen I, Lin R, Hiscott J. Induction of IRF-3 and IRF-7 phosphorylation following activation of the RIG-I pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2006; 52:17-28. [PMID: 16914100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The induction of type I interferon (IFN) and the development of the innate antiviral response are mediated by the activation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 under the control of the non-canonical kinases TBK-1 and IKKepsilon. The initial sensing of infection by RNA viruses is mediated by the cytoplasmic, retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), via a Toll-like receptor (TLR) independent signaling pathway. In the present study, we identify key residues involved in IRF-3 and IRF-7 phosphorylation using TAP-tag purification of TBK-1 and IKKepsilon proteins. Based on the identification of an extended sequence motif--SxSxxxS--common to both IRF-3 and IRF-7, an IRF-7 pSer477/479 phosphospecific antibody was generated. Virus infection, TBK-1/IKKepsilon expression or co-expression of different signaling adaptors such as RIG-I, MAVS and TRIF, all stimulated pSer477/479 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the newly identified adaptor of the RIG-I pathway (MAVS/IPS-1/VISA/Cardif) was able to induce IRF and NF-kappaB dependent promoter activity as efficiently as the constitutively active form of RIG-I (DeltaRIG-I). Co-expression of the NS3/4A protease activity of hepatitis C virus however blocked MAVS-mediated gene activation in a dose dependent manner. These studies link RIG-I sensing of viral RNA to downstream kinase signaling and phosphorylation of IRF-3 and IRF-7 via the MAVS/IPS/VISA/Cardif adaptor.
Collapse
|
127
|
Pal R, Yang M, Lin R, Johnson BN, Srivastava N, Razzacki SZ, Chomistek KJ, Heldsinger DC, Haque RM, Ugaz VM, Thwar PK, Chen Z, Alfano K, Yim MB, Krishnan M, Fuller AO, Larson RG, Burke DT, Burns MA. An integrated microfluidic device for influenza and other genetic analyses. LAB ON A CHIP 2005; 5:1024-32. [PMID: 16175256 DOI: 10.1039/b505994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic device capable of performing a variety of genetic assays has been developed as a step towards building systems for widespread dissemination. The device integrates fluidic and thermal components such as heaters, temperature sensors, and addressable valves to control two nanoliter reactors in series followed by an electrophoretic separation. This combination of components is suitable for a variety of genetic analyses. As an example, we have successfully identified sequence-specific hemagglutinin A subtype for the A/LA/1/87 strain of influenza virus. The device uses a compact design and mass production technologies, making it an attractive platform for a variety of widely disseminated applications.
Collapse
|
128
|
Fisher DA, Lin R, Chai L, Kumarasinghe G, Singh K, Tambyah PA. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a Singapore teaching hospital prior to 2005. Singapore Med J 2005; 46:311-2. [PMID: 15902362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
129
|
Lin R, Wu R, Xiao Z, Liu G, Kong K, Lang Z. Zero-Filling Interpolation Processing Technique Can Efficiently Suppress Segmental Stenosis Artifact on Small Arteries of Anatomical Phantoms. RIVISTA DI NEURORADIOLOGIA 2005; 18:169-174. [DOI: 10.1177/197140090501800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the zero-filling interpolation processing (ZIP) technique for contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA). Phantoms of arteries were made with different lumen diameters. Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography was performed on a GE 1.5T scanner. The parameters of FSPGR pulse sequence were: flip angle 30°, TR 6ms, TE 1.4ms, bandwidth 31.25 kHz, slice thickness 1.2 mm, matrix 256×256. The sequence parameters were kept constant for the studies, whereas four selections were chosen: 1) with ZIP1024 and ZIP×4 techniques; 2) only with ZIP1024 technique; 3) only with ZIP×4 technique; 4) without ZIP technique. For image quality evaluation, MR maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were created. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured on MIP images. Vessel edge was determined using full width at half maximum (FWHM) for lumen diameter calculation and results were compared with the actual lumen diameter. The distinctness of the vessel edge and the artifacts on the phantoms were compared for all sequences. Three experienced radiologists made consensus evaluation. The FWHM results of lumen measurements for all the sequences with ZIP techniques were more accurate than that of the sequence without ZIP technique in all phantoms, no matter what the size of the artery. The vessel edge with ZIP1024 technique was more distinct. However, the highest average SNR was obtained with the sequence without ZIP technique. The segmental stenosis artifacts on small artery of phantoms were only efficiently suppressed with the ZIP×4 technique. ZIP technique is excellent for CE-MRA to obtain high quality MR angiography. It not only can improve the spatial resolution and the distinctness of the vessel edge on CE-MRA, but can also efficiently suppress segmental stenosis artifact on small arteries of phantoms.
Collapse
|
130
|
Hurley K, Boggs SE, Smith DM, Duncan RC, Lin R, Zoglauer A, Krucker S, Hurford G, Hudson H, Wigger C, Hajdas W, Thompson C, Mitrofanov I, Sanin A, Boynton W, Fellows C, von Kienlin A, Lichti G, Rau A, Cline T. An exceptionally bright flare from SGR 1806–20 and the origins of short-duration γ-ray bursts. Nature 2005; 434:1098-103. [PMID: 15858565 DOI: 10.1038/nature03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Soft-gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are galactic X-ray stars that emit numerous short-duration (about 0.1 s) bursts of hard X-rays during sporadic active periods. They are thought to be magnetars: strongly magnetized neutron stars with emissions powered by the dissipation of magnetic energy. Here we report the detection of a long (380 s) giant flare from SGR 1806-20, which was much more luminous than any previous transient event observed in our Galaxy. (In the first 0.2 s, the flare released as much energy as the Sun radiates in a quarter of a million years.) Its power can be explained by a catastrophic instability involving global crust failure and magnetic reconnection on a magnetar, with possible large-scale untwisting of magnetic field lines outside the star. From a great distance this event would appear to be a short-duration, hard-spectrum cosmic gamma-ray burst. At least a significant fraction of the mysterious short-duration gamma-ray bursts may therefore come from extragalactic magnetars.
Collapse
|
131
|
Zhang X, Lin R, Lin Y, Wu RH. Experiment studies of iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid retention in rabbit liver. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2005; 2005:1830-3. [PMID: 17282574 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To study possibility for iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid retention in rabbit liver. 131I- iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid were injected into liver right lobe through portal vein in 5 rabbits... - calibrate meter showed continuous.. counts in the region injected. Then the relative metabolic parameters were calculated. Left lobe livers, right lobe livers and lungs of the rabbits were examined in pathology, and the right lobe livers were examined by electron microscope. Five rabbits injected purely 131Iiodinated oil were designated as control group. Single metabolic mode was found in the rabbits in nanometer ferrofluid group. The biological half-life of 131I- iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid was not different from control group's slow metabolic portion. But control group's rapid metabolic portion were eliminated in a higher speed, range from 8% to 44%. More damage was found in nanometer ferrofluid group's right lobe livers. 131I- iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid possess the opportunity of local retention in human body and further study is worthwhile.
Collapse
|
132
|
Parry R, Schneider D, Hudson D, Parkes D, Xuan J, Harkins R, Lin R, Alicke B, Dinter H, Parry G. 293 Identification of a novel prostate tumor target, RG-1, for antibody based therapy of prostate cancer. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
133
|
Wang X, Wang S, Lin R, Jiang X, Cheng Z, Turdi J, Ding J, Wu G, Lu X, Wen H. GNB3 gene C825T and ACE gene I/D polymorphisms in essential hypertension in a Kazakh genetic isolate. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:663-8. [PMID: 15042113 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Kazakh inhabitants living in Barkol pasture of northeast China belong to a genetic isolate characterized by ethnically homogeneous and a communal pastoral lifestyle. To investigate whether the polymorphisms in the G-protein beta-3 subunit (GNB3) gene and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene are associated with essential hypertension (EH), we carried out a case-control study of 290 hypertensive subjects and 244 normotensive (NT) controls randomly selected from Kazakh populations of Barkol. A previous medical history of diabetes and hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) was recorded. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol were measured. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The distributions of genotypes and alleles for the two polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the case and control populations, and odds ratio of EH related to the ACE gene D allele and GNB3 gene T allele was not significantly different from 1.0. Logistic regression analysis shows the variation at the GNB3 and ACE did not have any statistically significant synergistic effect on blood pressure (BP). Stratification of NT and untreated hypertensives according to I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and C825T polymorphism of GNB3 gene disclosed no significant difference across genotypes with respect to BMI, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP. In conclusion, the polymorphisms in the GNB3 gene and ACE gene, solely or combined, did not confer a significantly increased risk for the development of EH in the Kazakh isolate of northeast China.
Collapse
|
134
|
Fitton T, Barreiro C, Bethea B, Wei C, Lin R, Amado L, Gage F, Hare J, Baumgartner W, Conte J. Impact of 24 hour continuous hypothermic perfusion on heart preservation by assessment of DNA damage and repair. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
135
|
LeCouter J, Lin R, Ferrara N. The role of EG-VEGF in the regulation of angiogenesis in endocrine glands. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2003; 67:217-21. [PMID: 12858543 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2002.67.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
136
|
Zhu L, Lin R. [A case of myiasis of the knee joint caused by Musca domestica vicina]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2003; 17:349. [PMID: 12563731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
|
137
|
Lin R, Warn-Cramer BJ, Kurata WE, Lau AF. v-Src-mediated phosphorylation of connexin43 on tyrosine disrupts gap junctional communication in mammalian cells. CELL COMMUNICATION & ADHESION 2003; 8:265-9. [PMID: 12064600 DOI: 10.3109/15419060109080735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is not clear how the v-Src oncoprotein disrupts gap junctional communication (GJC) established by connexin43 (Cx43) in mammalian cells. In this study, an experimental system was established to stably express v-Src and wild type (wt) Cx43, or Y247F, Y265F, or Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants in a Cx43 knockout (KO) mouse cell line. When co-expressed with v-Src, the levels of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) from Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants were reduced to approximately 57%, 10%, and 2% of the level of pTyr from wt Cx43, indicating that Y247 and Y265 were phosphorylation targets of v-Src in vivo. These data also implied that phosphorylation of Cx43 at Y265 was required for efficient phosphorylation of Cx43 at Y247. Most importantly, our measurements of GJC demonstrated that, in contrast to the wt Cx43 gap junction channels, the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 channels were resistant to the disruption by v-Src. In conclusion, our studies support a model for processive phosphorylation of Cx43 on tyrosine, at the Y265 site followed by the Y247 site, in mediating the disruption of GJC induced by v-Src in mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
138
|
Lin R, Galili M, Quaade UJ, Brandbyge M, Bjørnholm T, Esposti AD, Biscarini F, Stokbro K. Spontaneous dissociation of a conjugated molecule on the Si(100) surface. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1480857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
139
|
Lin R. Increased DNA damage with decreased activity and expression of DNA repair enzyme hMYH in human myocardium with severe heart failure. Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
140
|
Lin R, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Kang M, Xia Q. Myocardial protection of immature rabbits with an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener pinacidil. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:1184-8. [PMID: 11729516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of pinacidil, an opener of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, in protecting the myocardium of immature rabbit hearts from ischemic reperfusion injury. METHODS Rabbit hearts underwent 30 min of global normothermic ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion on the modified Langendorff apparatus. Fifty-two isolated hearts of 3-4 week-old immature rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly. During ischemia, 3 different cardioplegic solutions were administered intermittently by infusion every 15 min (20-25 ml each time in all groups). Group 1: control group (n = 13); group 2: Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution with potassium (16 mmol/L) (n = 13); group 3: K-H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L) and pinacidil (50 mumol/L) (n = 13); group 4: K-H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L), pinacidil (50 mumol/L) and glibenclamide (10 mumol/L) (n = 13). The pre-ischemic and post-ischemic myocardial functions were assessed by the percentage recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP); the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP); both the positive peak and negative peaks of the first derivative of the left ventricular pressures (+/- dp/dtmax); coronary flow; the level of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transcarbamoylase (AST) in coronary sinus venous effluent; and by myocardial ultrastructural changes. RESULTS Before myocardial ischemia, there were no significant differences among the four groups in any of the parameters mentioned above. Post-ischemic recovery of LVDP, LVEDP, +/- dp/dtmax, coronary flow, the level of CK, LDH and AST, and myocardial ultrastructural changes were better in group 3 than those in the three other groups. CONCLUSIONS As a new and effective composition, pinacidil can significantly improve myocardial protection from cardioplegia for immature rabbit hearts.
Collapse
|
141
|
Lin R, Warn-Cramer BJ, Kurata WE, Lau AF. v-Src phosphorylation of connexin 43 on Tyr247 and Tyr265 disrupts gap junctional communication. J Cell Biol 2001; 154:815-27. [PMID: 11514593 PMCID: PMC2196463 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which v-Src disrupts connexin (Cx)43 intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC) is not clear. In this study, we determined that Tyr247 (Y247) and the previously identified Tyr265 (Y265) site of Cx43 were the primary phosphorylation targets for activated Src in vitro. We established an in vivo experimental system by stably expressing v-Src and wild-type (wt) Cx43, or Y247F, Y265F, or Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants in a Cx43 knockout mouse cell line. Wt and mutant Cx43 localized to the plasma membrane in the absence or presence of v-Src. When coexpressed with v-Src, the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants exhibited significantly reduced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation compared with wt Cx43, indicating that Y247 and Y265 were phosphorylation targets of v-Src in vivo. Most importantly, GJC established by the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants was resistant to disruption by v-Src. Furthermore, we did not find evidence for a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating the disruption of GJC by v-Src. We conclude that phosphorylation on Y247 and Y265 of Cx43 is responsible for disrupting GJC in these mammalian cells expressing v-Src.
Collapse
|
142
|
Detwiler MR, Reuben M, Li X, Rogers E, Lin R. Two zinc finger proteins, OMA-1 and OMA-2, are redundantly required for oocyte maturation in C. elegans. Dev Cell 2001; 1:187-99. [PMID: 11702779 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(01)00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oocytes are released from meiotic prophase I arrest through a process termed oocyte maturation. We present here a genetic characterization of oocyte maturation, using C. elegans as a model system. We show that two TIS11 zinc finger-containing proteins, OMA-1 and OMA-2, express specifically in maturing oocytes and function redundantly in oocyte maturation. Oocytes in oma-1;oma-2 mutants initiate but do not complete maturation and arrest at a defined point in prophase I. Two maturation signal-induced molecular events, including the maintenance of activated MAP kinase, do not occur in Oma oocytes. The Oma prophase arrest is released by inactivation of a MYT-1-like kinase, suggesting that OMA-1 and OMA-2 function upstream of MYT-1 as positive regulators of prophase progression during meiotic maturation.
Collapse
|
143
|
Casola A, Garofalo RP, Haeberle H, Elliott TF, Lin R, Jamaluddin M, Brasier AR. Multiple cis regulatory elements control RANTES promoter activity in alveolar epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol 2001; 75:6428-39. [PMID: 11413310 PMCID: PMC114366 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.14.6428-6439.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Accepted: 04/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T-cell expressed and presumably secreted) is a CC chemokine which recruits and activates monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, all cell types present in the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by RSV infection. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of RSV-induced RANTES promoter activation in human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells). Promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that RSV requires the presence of five different cis regulatory elements, located in the promoter fragment spanning from -220 to +55 nucleotides, corresponding to NF-kappaB, C/EBP, Jun/CREB/ATF, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) binding sites. Although site mutations of the NF-kappaB, C/EBP, and CREB/AP-1 like sites reduce RSV-induced RANTES gene transcription to 50% or less, only mutations affecting IRF binding completely abolish RANTES inducibility. Supershift and microaffinity isolation assays were used to identify the different transcription factor family members whose DNA binding activity was RSV inducible. Expression of dominant negative mutants of these transcription factors further established their central role in virus-induced RANTES promoter activation. Our finding that the presence of multiple cis regulatory elements is required for full activation of the RANTES promoter in RSV-infected alveolar epithelial cells supports the enhanceosome model for RANTES gene transcription, which is absolutely dependent on binding of IRF transcription factors. The identification of regulatory mechanisms of RANTES gene expression is fundamental for rational design of inhibitors of RSV-induced lung inflammation.
Collapse
|
144
|
Schultz TR, Costarino AT JR AT, Durning SM, Napoli LA, Schears G, Godinez RI, Priestley M, Dominguez T, Lin R, Helfaer M. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2001; 2:243-6. [PMID: 12793949 DOI: 10.1097/00130478-200107000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of airway pressure release ventilation in children. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in our 33-bed pediatric intensive care unit at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. PATIENTS: Patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support and weighing >8 kg were considered for enrollment. Patients were excluded if they required mechanical ventilatory support for >7 days or required >.50 Fio(2) for >7 days before enrollment. Patients with documented obstructive airway disease and congenital or acquired heart disease were excluded as well. INTERVENTIONS: Each patient received both volume-controlled synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV) and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) via the Drager Evita ventilator (Drager, Lubeck, Germany). Measurements were obtained after the patient was stabilized on each ventilation mode. Stabilization was defined as oxygenation, ventilation, hemodynamic variables, and patient comfort within the acceptable range for each patient as determined by the bedside physician. After measurements were obtained on the initial mode of ventilation, the subjects crossed over to the alternative study mode. Stabilization was again achieved, and measurements were repeated. After completion of the second study measurements, patients were placed on the ventilation modality preferred by the bedside clinician and were followed through weaning and extubation. Measurements: Vital signs, airway pressures, minute ventilation, Spo(2), and E(T)CO(2) were recorded at enrollment and at each study condition. MAIN RESULTS: APRV provided similar ventilation, oxygenation, mean airway pressure, hemodynamics, and patient comfort as SIMV. Inspiratory airway pressures were lower with APRV when compared with SIMV. CONCLUSIONS: Using APRV in children with mild to moderate lung disease resulted in comparable levels of ventilation and oxygenation at significantly lower inspiratory peak and plateau pressures. Based on these findings, we plan to evaluate APRV in children with significant lung disease.
Collapse
|
145
|
Akutsu N, Lin R, Bastien Y, Bestawros A, Enepekides DJ, Black MJ, White JH. Regulation of gene Expression by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Its analog EB1089 under growth-inhibitory conditions in squamous carcinoma Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:1127-39. [PMID: 11435613 DOI: 10.1210/mend.15.7.0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha, 25(OH)2D3) inhibit growth in vitro and in vivo of cells derived from a variety of tumors. Here, we examined the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and its analog EB1089 on proliferation and target gene regulation of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, and SCC25. A range of sensitivities to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and EB1089 was observed, from complete G0/G1 arrest of SCC25 cells to only 50% inhibition of SCC9 cell growth. All lines expressed similar levels of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein, and no significant variation was observed in 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-dependent induction of the endogenous 24-hydroxylase gene, or of a transiently transfected 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-sensitive reporter gene. The antiproliferative effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and EB1089 in SCC25 cells were analyzed by screening more than 4,500 genes on two cDNA microarrays, yielding 38 up-regulated targets, including adhesion molecules, growth factors, kinases, and transcription factors. Genes encoding factors implicated in cell cycle regulation were induced, including the growth arrest and DNA damage gene, gadd45alpha, and the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase gene, sgk. Induction of GADD45alpha protein in EB1089-treated cells was confirmed by Western blotting. Moreover, while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was reduced in EB1089-treated cells, coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed increased association between GADD45alpha and PCNA in treated cells, consistent with the capacity of GADD45alpha to stimulate DNA repair. While 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and EB1089 modestly induced transcripts encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1), no changes in protein levels were observed, indicating that p21(waf1/cip1) induction does not contribute to the antiproliferative effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and EB1089 in SCC cells. Finally, in partially resistant SCC9 cells, there was extensive loss of target gene regulation (10 of 10 genes tested), indicating that resistance arises from widespread loss of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-dependent gene regulation in the presence of normal levels of functional VDRs.
Collapse
|
146
|
Zhang Z, Zhou W, Lin R. [Full-scale experiment on corn-ethanol production wastewater treatment with the thermophilic EGSB reactor]. HUAN JING KE XUE= HUANJING KEXUE 2001; 22:114-6. [PMID: 11569102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Full-scale EGSB reactor was used in the treatment of corn ethanol production wastewater that was a typical kind of high strength wastewater in North China. As the COD loading rate was as high as 29 kg/(m3.d), the usual SS content was 6000 mg.L-1, COD removal efficiency remained up to 90%, In addition, the reactor started up successfully in only two months with the formation of granular as a symbol. Through this experiment, the conclusion was drawn that the EGSB reactor is greatly efficient in the treatment of corn ethanol production wastewater.
Collapse
|
147
|
Scarselli M, Novi F, Schallmach E, Lin R, Baragli A, Colzi A, Griffon N, Corsini GU, Sokoloff P, Levenson R, Vogel Z, Maggio R. D2/D3 dopamine receptor heterodimers exhibit unique functional properties. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:30308-14. [PMID: 11373283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102297200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for heterodimerization has recently been provided for dopamine D(1) and adenosine A(1) receptors as well as for dopamine D(2) and somatostatin SSTR(5) receptors. In this paper, we have studied the possibility that D(2) and D(3) receptors interact functionally by forming receptor heterodimers. Initially, we split the two receptors at the level of the third cytoplasmic loop into two fragments. The first, containing transmembrane domains (TM) I to V and the N-terminal part of the third cytoplasmic loop, was named D(2trunk) or D(3trunk), and the second, containing the C-terminal part of the third cytoplasmic loop, TMVI and TMVII, and the C-terminal tail, was named D(2tail) or D(3tail). Then we defined the pharmacological profiles of the homologous (D(2trunk)/D(2tail) and D(3trunk)/D(3tail)) as well as of the heterologous (D(2trunk)/D(3tail) and D(3trunk)/D(2tail)) cotransfected receptor fragments. The pharmacological profile of the cross-cotransfected fragments was different from that of the native D(2) or D(3) receptors. In most cases, the D(3trunk)/D(2tail) was the one with the highest affinity for most agonists and antagonists. Moreover, we observed that all of these receptor fragments reduced the expression of the wild type dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors, suggesting that D(2) and D(3) receptors can form complexes with these fragments and that these complexes bind [(3)H]nemonapride less efficiently or are not correctly targeted to the membrane. In a second set of experiments, we tested the ability of the split and the wild type receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) types V and VI. All of the native and split receptors inhibited AC-V and AC-VI, with the exception of D(3), which was unable to inhibit AC-VI. We therefore studied the ability of D(2) and D(3) to interact functionally with one another to inhibit AC-VI. We found that with D(2) alone, R-(+)-7-hydroxydypropylaminotetralin hydrobromide inhibited AC-VI with an IC(50) of 2.05 +/- 0.15 nm, while in the presence of D(2) and D(3) it inhibited AC-VI with an IC(50) of 0.083 +/- 0.011 nm. Similar results were obtained with a chimeric cyclase made from AC-V and AC-VI. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that D(2) and D(3) receptors are capable of physical interaction.
Collapse
|
148
|
Prudencio J, Akutsu N, Benlimame N, Wang T, Bastien Y, Lin R, Black MJ, Alaoui-Jamali MA, White JH. Action of low calcemic 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue EB1089 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:745-53. [PMID: 11353784 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.10.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] and its analogues inhibit growth of various types of cancer cells. Although the therapeutic potential of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is limited by its tendency to induce hypercalcemia, analogues such as EB1089 are potent inhibitors of cell growth and exhibit reduced calcemic effects. We analyzed the antiproliferative and calcemic effects of EB1089 in tissue culture and animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to investigate its potential as a chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agent. METHODS The effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB1089 on cell growth and expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1), which encode cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and a novel target, gadd45alpha, a growth-arrest and DNA-damage gene, were monitored in cultured murine AT-84 SCC cells. The effects of these agents on AT-84 cell growth in vitro and on growth of AT-84 tumors in syngeneic C3H mice were monitored; treatment started at the time of tumor implantation (early tumor model) or after 12 days (late tumor model). Weight and serum calcium levels were also monitored in these animals. All P values were two-sided. RESULTS Both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB1089 arrested proliferation of AT-84 cells in G(0)/G(1) phase, inhibited p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression, and induced expression of p27(KIP1) protein. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also enhanced the expression of gadd45alpha, apparently by a p53-independent mechanism. There was a statistically significant decrease in tumor growth for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated mice (P<.001 for early tumor model) and EB1089-treated mice (P<.001 and P =.001 for early and late tumor models, respectively). Unlike 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), EB1089 did not induce cachexia or hypercalcemia. The effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB1089 on expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and GADD45alpha were similar in tumors and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS EB1089 completely inhibited growth of AT-84 SCC cells at nanomolar concentrations, reduced tumor growth, and did not have calcemic effects. Our results support continued investigation of EB1089 as a chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent for head and neck SCC.
Collapse
|
149
|
Lin R, Karpa K, Kabbani N, Goldman-Rakic P, Levenson R. Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors are linked to the actin cytoskeleton via interaction with filamin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5258-63. [PMID: 11320256 PMCID: PMC33197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.011538198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to uncover protein interactions involving the D2-like subfamily of dopamine receptors. Using the third intracellular loop of the D2S and D3 dopamine receptors as bait to screen a human brain cDNA library, we identified filamin A (FLN-A) as a protein that interacts with both the D2 and D3 subtypes. The interaction with FLN-A was specific for the D2 and D3 receptors and was independently confirmed in pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Deletion mapping localized the dopamine receptor-FLN-A interaction to the N-terminal segment of the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors and to repeat 19 of FLN-A. In cultures of dissociated rat striatum, FLN-A and D2 receptors colocalized throughout neuronal somata and processes as well as in astrocytes. Expression of D2 dopamine receptors in FLN-A-deficient M2 melanoma cells resulted in predominant intracellular localization of the D2 receptors, whereas in FLN-A-reconstituted cells, the D2 receptor was predominantly localized at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that FLN-A may be required for proper cell surface expression of the D2 dopamine receptors. Association of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors with FLN-A provides a mechanism whereby specific dopamine receptor subtypes may be functionally linked to downstream signaling components via the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
|
150
|
Stokbro K, Quaade UJ, Lin R, Thirstrup C, Grey F. Electronic mechanism of STM-induced diffusion of hydrogen on Si(100). Faraday Discuss 2001:231-40; discussion 257-75. [PMID: 11271994 DOI: 10.1039/b003179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have observed a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) induced lateral transfer of a single hydrogen atom on the Si(100) surface. The transfer rate of the hydrogen atom is proportional to the electron dose, indicating an electron-assisted transfer mechanism. Measurements of the relations between the transfer rate and the sample bias and temperature give further support for an electronic mechanism. The bias dependence of the transfer rate shows a peak, and from a first principles electronic structure calculation we show that the position of the peak is related to the energy of a localized surface resonance. We propose that the hydrogen transfer is related to inelastic hole scattering with this surface resonance. We develop a microscopic model for the hydrogen transfer, and using the experimental data we extract information on the resonance lifetime and the transfer yield per resonant electron. The transfer takes place by tunneling through a small excited state transfer barrier. The transfer rate is increased if the hydrogen atom before the resonant excitation is vibrationally excited, and this gives rise to an increasing transfer rate with increasing sample temperature.
Collapse
|