126
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Brown CR, Reiner SL. Bone-marrow chimeras reveal hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic control of resistance to experimental Lyme arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:1446-52. [PMID: 10903749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic resistance and susceptibility to development of experimental Lyme arthritis are mediated by the innate immune response. To determine whether this process is mainly controlled by hemopoietic or nonhemopoietic cells, we created bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice between arthritis-resistant DBA/2J (DBA) and arthritis-susceptible C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice and infected them with Borrelia burgdorferi. Both sets of BM chimeric mice, C3H donors into DBA recipients (C-->D) and DBA donors into C3H recipients (D-->C), as well as DBA sham chimeric mice (D-->D) were resistant to the development of experimental Lyme arthritis as measured by ankle swelling and arthritis severity scores. Only the C3H sham chimeric mice (C-->C) developed severe arthritis. These results indicate that independent and nonoverlapping mechanisms exist in hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cellular compartments that can provide protection against arthritic pathology.
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127
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Colson YL, Schuchert MJ, Ildstad ST. The abrogation of allosensitization following the induction of mixed allogeneic chimerism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:637-44. [PMID: 10878335 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The association of preformed anti-donor Abs with the hyperacute rejection of bone marrow and solid organ allografts and the persistence of the anti-donor immune response secondary to immunologic memory make allosensitization an absolute contraindication to transplantation. Mixed allogeneic (A + B-->A) bone marrow chimerism has been demonstrated to confer donor-specific tolerance in nonsensitized recipients, but has not been evaluated in the setting of allosensitization. The current study documents that despite significant anti-donor sensitization, mixed allogeneic engraftment is possible and provides a marked advantage over fully allogeneic (B-->A) models. Moreover, the acceptance of donor skin grafts and loss of circulating anti-donor Abs suggest that allosensitization can be abrogated with the induction of stable mixed allogeneic chimerism.
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128
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Searles AE, Pohlmann SJ, Pierce LJ, Perry SS, Slayton WB, Mojica MP, Spangrude GJ. Rapid, B lymphoid-restricted engraftment mediated by a primitive bone marrow subpopulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:67-74. [PMID: 10861036 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing multiparameter flow cytometry, we have defined a subset of bone marrow cells containing lymphoid-restricted differentiation potential after i.v. transplantation. Bone marrow cells characterized by expression of the Sca-1 and c-kit Ags and lacking Ags of differentiating lineages were segregated into subsets based on allele-specific Thy-1.1 Ag expression. Although hematopoietic stem cells were recovered in the Thy-1.1low subset as previously described, the Thy-1.1neg subset consisted of progenitor cells that preferentially reconstituted the B lymphocyte lineage after i.v. transplantation. Recipients of Thy-1.1neg cells did not survive beyond 30 days, presumably due to the failure of erythroid and platelet lineages to recover after transplants. Thy-1.1neg cells predominantly reconstituted the bone marrow and peripheral blood of lethally irradiated recipients with B lineage cells within 2 weeks, although a low frequency of myeloid lineage cells was also detected. In contrast, myeloid progenitors outnumbered lymphoid progenitors when the Thy-1.1neg population was assayed in culture. When Thy-1. 1low stem cells were rigorously excluded from the Thy-1.1neg subset, reconstitution of T lymphocytes was rarely observed in peripheral blood after i.v. transplantation. Competitive repopulation studies showed that the B lymphoid reconstitution derived from Thy-1.1neg cells was not sustained over a 20-wk period. Therefore, the Thy-1. 1neg population defined in these studies includes transplantable, non-self-renewing B lymphocyte progenitor cells.
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129
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Lowin-Kropf B, Held W. Positive impact of inhibitory Ly49 receptor-MHC class I interaction on NK cell development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:91-5. [PMID: 10861039 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells can kill MHC-different or MHC-deficient but not syngeneic MHC-expressing target cells. This MHC class I-specific tolerance is acquired during NK cell development. MHC recognition by murine NK cells largely depends on clonally distributed Ly49 family receptors, which inhibit NK cell function upon ligand engagement. We investigated whether these receptors play a role for the development of NK cells and provide evidence that the expression of a Ly49 receptor transgene on developing NK cells endowed these cells with a significant developmental advantage over NK cells lacking such a receptor, but only if the relevant MHC ligand was present in the environment. The data suggest that the transgenic Ly49 receptor accelerates and/or rescues the development of NK cells which would otherwise fail to acquire sufficient numbers of self-MHC-specific receptors. Interestingly, the positive effect on NK cell development is most prominent when the MHC ligand is simultaneously present on both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. These findings correlate with functional data showing that MHC class I ligand on all cells is required to generate functionally mature NK cells capable of reacting to cells lacking the respective MHC ligand. We conclude that the engagement of inhibitory MHC receptors during NK cell development provides signals that are important for further NK cell differentiation and/or maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- H-2 Antigens/physiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Self Tolerance/genetics
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130
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Durham MM, Bingaman AW, Adams AB, Ha J, Waitze SY, Pearson TC, Larsen CP. Cutting edge: administration of anti-CD40 ligand and donor bone marrow leads to hemopoietic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance without cytoreductive conditioning. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:1-4. [PMID: 10861026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation tolerance, defined as allograft acceptance by an immunocompetent recipient in the absence of long-term immunosuppression, has remained an elusive goal in clinical transplantation. Robust experimental tolerance induction strategies have in common methods to induce mixed hemopoietic chimerism. To date, however, chimerism induction across allogeneic barriers has required recipient conditioning with irradiation or cytoablative agents. In this paper we show that B6 recipients of fully allogeneic BALB/c skin grafts treated with repeated doses of donor bone marrow and anti-CD40 ligand (CD40L) develop durable (>300 days), readily detectable (6-12%) multilineage hemopoietic chimerism, indefinite allograft acceptance (>300 days), and donor-specific tolerance to secondary skin grafts. Analysis of the TCR repertoire of treated mice indicates that the underlying mechanisms of tolerance are in part mediated by deletion of donor-reactive T cells. These data demonstrate that durable hemopoietic chimerism and robust transplantation tolerance can be achieved without cytotoxic conditioning using a potentially clinically applicable regimen.
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131
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Tomita Y, Yoshikawa M, Zhang QW, Shimizu I, Okano S, Iwai T, Yasui H, Nomoto K. Induction of permanent mixed chimerism and skin allograft tolerance across fully MHC-mismatched barriers by the additional myelosuppressive treatments in mice primed with allogeneic spleen cells followed by cyclophosphamide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:34-41. [PMID: 10861032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A pure method of drug (cyclophosphamide plus busulfan)-induced skin allograft tolerance in mice that can regularly overcome fully H-2-mismatched barriers in mice has been established. The components of the method are i.v. administration of 1 x 108 allogeneic spleen cells on day 0, i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg CP and 25 mg/kg busulfan on day 2, and i.v. injection of T cell-depleted 1 x 107 bone marrow cells from the same donor on day 3. Recipient B10 (H-2b; IE-) mice prepared with this conditioning developed donor-specific tolerance, and long-lasting survival of skin allografts was shown in almost of the recipient mice. In the tolerant B10 mice prepared with new conditioning, stable multilineage mixed chimerism was observed permanently, and IE-reactive Vbeta11+ T cells were reduced in periphery as seen in untreated B10.D2 (H-2d; IE+) mice. The specific tolerant state was confirmed by the specific abrogation against donor Ag in the assays of CTL activity and MLR and donor-specific acceptance in the second skin grafting. These results demonstrated that the limitation of standard protocol of cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance, which have been reported by us since 1984, can be overcome by the additional treatments with the myelosuppressive drug busulfan, followed by 1 x 107 T cell-depleted bone marrow cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to induce allograft tolerance with a short course of the Ag plus immunosuppressive drug treatment without any kind of mAbs (pure drug-induced tolerance).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/mortality
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Drug Resistance
- Graft Survival/genetics
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/blood
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Species Specificity
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
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132
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Morelli AE, Antonysamy MA, Takayama T, Hackstein H, Chen Z, Qian S, Zurowski NB, Thomson AW. Microchimerism, donor dendritic cells, and alloimmune reactivity in recipients of Flt3 ligand-mobilized hemopoietic cells: modulation by tacrolimus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:226-37. [PMID: 10861056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Flt3 ligand (FL) is a potent hemopoietic growth factor that strikingly enhances stem cells and dendritic cells (DC) in vivo. We examined the impact of infusing FL-mobilized bone marrow (BM) cells on microchimerism and anti-donor reactivity in normal and tacrolimus-immunosuppressed, noncytoablated allogeneic recipients. BM from B10 (H2b) mice given FL (10 microg/day; days 0-8; FL-BM) contained a 7-fold higher incidence of potentially tolerogenic immature CD11c+ DC (CD40low, CD80low, CD86low, MHC IIlow) that induced alloantigen-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness in vitro. C3H (H2k) mice received 50 x 106 normal or FL-BM cells (day 0) and tacrolimus (2 mg/kg/day; days 0-12). On day 15, enhanced numbers of donor (IAb+) cells were detected in the thymi and spleens of FL-BM recipients. Tacrolimus markedly enhanced microchimerism, which declined as a function of time. Ex vivo splenocyte proliferative and CTL responses and Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) production in response to donor alloantigens were augmented by FL-BM infusion, but reduced by tacrolimus. Systemic infusion of purified FL-BM immature DC, equivalent in number to that in corresponding whole BM, confirmed their capacity to sensitize, rather than tolerize, recipient T cells in vivo. In vitro, tacrolimus suppressed GM-CSF-stimulated growth of myeloid DC from normal BM much more effectively than from FL-BM without affecting MHC class II or costimulatory molecule expression. Infusion of normal B10 BM cells at the time of transplant prolonged C3H heart allograft survival, whereas FL-BM cells did not. A therapeutic effect of tacrolimus on graft survival was observed in combination with normal, but not FL-BM cells. These findings suggest the need for alternative immunosuppressive strategies to calcineurin inhibition to enable the engraftment, survival, and immunomodulatory function of FL-enhanced, immature donor DC.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Combinations
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Graft Survival/drug effects
- Heart Transplantation/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphoid Tissue/cytology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tacrolimus/administration & dosage
- Tacrolimus/pharmacology
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133
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Potocnik AJ, Brakebusch C, Fässler R. Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells require beta1 integrin function for colonizing fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Immunity 2000; 12:653-63. [PMID: 10894165 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into hematopoietic organs is a prerequisite for the establishment of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis and after bone marrow transplantation. We show that beta1 integrin-deficient HSCs from the para-aortic splanchnopleura and the fetal blood had hematolymphoid differentiation potential in vitro and in fetal organ cultures but were unable to seed fetal and adult hematopoietic tissues. Adult beta1 integrin null HSCs isolated from mice carrying loxP-tagged beta1 integrin alleles and ablated for beta1 integrin expression by retroviral cre transduction failed to engraft irradiated recipient mice. Moreover, absence of beta1 integrin resulted in sequestration of HSCs in the circulation and their reduced adhesion to endothelioma cells. These findings define beta1 integrin as an essential adhesion receptor for the homing of HSCs.
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134
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Colucci F, Guy-Grand D, Wilson A, Turner M, Schweighoffer E, Tybulewicz VL, Di Santo JP. A new look at Syk in alpha beta and gamma delta T cell development using chimeric mice with a low competitive hematopoietic environment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:5140-5. [PMID: 10799872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Syk protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) is essential for B, but not T or NK, cell development, although certain T cell subsets (i.e., gamma delta T cells of intestine and skin) appear to be dependent on Syk. In this report, we have re-evaluated the role of Syk in T cell development in hematopoietic chimeras generated by using Syk-deficient fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells (FL-HSC). We found that Syk-/- FL-HSC were vastly inferior to wild-type FL-HSC in reconstituting T cell development in recombinant-activating gene 2 (RAG2)-deficient mice, identifying an unexpected and nonredundant role for Syk in this process. This novel function of Syk in T cell development was mapped to the CD44-CD25+ stage. According to previous reports, development of intestinal gamma delta T cells was arrested in Syk-/- -->RAG2-/- chimeras. In striking contrast, when hosts were the newly established alymphoid RAG2 x common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (RAG2/gamma c) mice, Syk-/- chimeras developed intestinal gamma delta T cells as well as other T cell subsets (including alpha beta T cells, NK1.1+ alpha beta T cells, and splenic and thymic gamma delta T cells). However, all Syk-deficient T cell subsets were reduced in number, reaching about 25-50% of controls. These results attest to the utility of chimeric mice generated in a low competitive hematopoietic environment to evaluate more accurately the impact of lethal mutations on lymphoid development. Furthermore, they suggest that Syk intervenes in early T cell development independently of ZAP-70, and demonstrate that Syk is not essential for the intestinal gamma delta T cell lineage to develop.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Enzyme Precursors/deficiency
- Enzyme Precursors/genetics
- Fetal Tissue Transplantation/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Liver Transplantation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Syk Kinase
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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135
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Umemura A, Monaco AP, Maki T. Donor MHC class II antigen is essential for induction of transplantation tolerance by bone marrow cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:4452-7. [PMID: 10779744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplant infusion of donor bone marrow cells (BMC) induces tolerance to allografts in adult mice, dogs, nonhuman primates, and probably humans. Here we used a mouse skin allograft model and an allogeneic radiation chimera model to examine the role of MHC Ags in tolerance induction. Infusion of MHC class II Ag-deficient (CIID) BMC failed to prolong C57BL/6 (B6) skin grafts in ALS- and rapamycin-treated B10.A mice, whereas wild-type B6 or MHC class I Ag-deficient BMC induced prolongation. Removal of class II Ag-bearing cells from donor BMC markedly reduced the tolerogenic effect compared with untreated BMC, although graft survival was significantly longer in mice given depleted BMC than that in control mice given no BMC. Infusion of CIID BMC into irradiated syngeneic B6 or allogeneic B10.A mice produced normal lymphoid cell reconstitution including CD4+ T cells except for the absence of class II Ag-positive cells. However, irradiated B10.A mice reconstituted with CIID BMC rejected all B6 and a majority of CIID skin grafts despite continued maintenance of high degree chimerism. B10.A mice reconstituted with B6 BMC maintained chimerism and accepted both B6 and CIID skin grafts. Thus, expression of MHC class II Ag on BMC is essential for allograft tolerance induction and peripheral chimerism with cells deficient in class II Ag does not guarantee allograft acceptance.
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136
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Johnson BD, Becker EE, LaBelle JL, Truitt RL. Role of immunoregulatory donor T cells in suppression of graft-versus-host disease following donor leukocyte infusion therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:6479-87. [PMID: 10586039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In murine models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), MHC-mismatched recipients given a delayed infusion of donor leukocytes (DLI) at 21 days posttransplant develop significant GVHD whereas MHC-matched recipients do not. The current study was initially designed to test the hypothesis that small numbers of T cells in the MHC-mismatched donor bone marrow (BM) graft exacerbated graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) when DLI was administered at 21 days after BMT. Ex vivo depletion of Thy1+ cells from the donor BM had no impact on the severity of GVHD after DLI. However, depletion of donor T cells in vivo with a Thy1 allele-specific mAb given after BMT resulted in significantly more severe GVHD after DLI. Similar results were obtained in a MHC-matched model of allogeneic BMT, indicating that this was a general phenomenon and not model dependent. These results indicated that a population of donor-derived Thy1+ cells suppressed graft-vs-host reactivity after DLI. Results of experiments with thymectomized recipients demonstrated that an intact thymus was required for generation of the immunoregulatory donor cells. Experiments using TCR beta-chain knockout mice as BM donors indicated that the immunosuppressive Thy1+ cells coexpressed alphabetaTCR heterodimers. Similar experiments with CD4 and CD8 knockout donor BM suggested that the immunoregulatory Thy1+alphabetaTCR+ cells consisted of two subpopulations: a CD4+CD8- subpopulation and a CD4-CD8- subpopulation. Together, these results show that thymus-derived, Thy1+alphabetaTCR+ donor cells generated early after allogeneic BMT suppress the graft-vs-host reactivity of T cells given as DLI. These cells may mediate dominant peripheral tolerance after allogeneic BMT.
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137
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Shimoni A, Marcus H, Dekel B, Shkarchi R, Arditti F, Shvidel L, Shtalrid M, Bucher W, Canaan A, Ergas D, Berrebi A, Reisner Y. Autologous T cells control B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor progression in human-->mouse radiation chimera. Cancer Res 1999; 59:5968-74. [PMID: 10606243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the clonal accumulation of CD5+ B cells. It has been suggested that CLL cells may be regulated by inhibitory and growth-promoting signals exerted by autologous T cells. We have recently described a model for human B-CLL in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of lethally irradiated mice radioprotected with bone marrow from mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. In this model, adoptive transfer of low-stage PBMCs leads to marked engraftment of T cells or combined T and CLL cell engraftment, whereas infusion of high-stage PBMCs leads to dominance of CLL cells with a miniscule level of T-cell engraftment. This mutual exclusive pattern of engraftment indicated that T cells might control the expansion of tumor cells in the peritoneum of recipient BALB/c mice. In the present study, we further investigated this question and we demonstrate that in vivo T-cell depletion, using OKT3 antibody, markedly enhances the engraftment of B-CLL cells from patients with early-stage disease. In mice receiving PBMCs from 11 donors with advanced-stage disease, the results were more heterogeneous. In five patients the results were similar to those observed in early stage, whereas in two cases no CLL cell engraftment was found in the absence of T cells. The addition of purified T cells to PBMCs led to a substantial decrease of CLL engraftment in three advanced-stage cases. These results strengthen the working hypothesis that autologous T cells can actively suppress the expansion of the pathological cells in human-->mouse radiation chimera. This effect is prominent in early-stage disease, whereas in advanced stage suppressive and/or stimulatory effects may occur in different patients. The interaction of T cells with tumor cells and the potential of autologous T cell/immune-therapy in CLL can be further explored in this model.
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138
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Willenborg DO, Fordham SA, Staykova MA, Ramshaw IA, Cowden WB. IFN-gamma is critical to the control of murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis and regulates both in the periphery and in the target tissue: a possible role for nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:5278-86. [PMID: 10553050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
NO and IFN-gamma have normally been considered cytotoxic and proinflammatory molecules, respectively, in the setting of the central nervous system inflammatory disease autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using mice lacking the ligand binding chain of the IFN-gamma receptor (IFNgammaR-/-), we have previously shown that IFN-gamma is not essential for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55) induced EAE expression but is in fact essential for its down-regulation. Here we examined the downstream molecular and cellular mechanism(s) of IFN-gamma regulation and demonstrate that neither IL-4 nor IL-10 appear to play a role in down-regulation nor do various lymphoid cell populations. Cells of the macrophage lineage are key to down-regulation as evidenced by the fact that peritoneal exudate cells from IFNgammaR+/+ mice inhibit Ag-driven proliferation of IFNgammaR-/- lymphocytes, whereas IFNgammaR-/- peritoneal exudate cells do not. High levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates are detected in the former cultures but not the latter, and the inhibition of proliferation is reversible with an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, indicating a key role for NO in down-regulation. Studies with bone marrow chimeras indicate that down-regulation occurs not only systemically but also within the target tissue. These data suggest that IFN-gamma down-regulates EAE by inducing inducible NO synthase and subsequently NO production, both by macrophages in the periphery and, by inference, microglia and astrocytes in the target tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Ascitic Fluid/cytology
- Ascitic Fluid/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Interleukin-4/physiology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Spleen/transplantation
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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139
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Saijo S, Kotani M, Habu K, Ishitsuka C, Yamamoto H, Sekiguchi T, Iwakura Y. Bone marrow-derived cells are responsible for the development of autoimmune arthritis in human T cell leukemia virus type I-transgenic mice and those of normal mice can suppress the disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:5700-7. [PMID: 10553101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that human T cell leukemia virus type I env-pX region-introduced transgenic (pX-Tg) mice developed an inflammatory polyarthropathy associated with a development of autoimmunity. To elucidate roles of autoimmunity in the development of arthritis, the immune cells were reciprocally replaced between pX-Tg mice and non-transgenic (Tg) mice. When bone marrow (BM) cells and spleen cells from pX-Tg mice were transferred into irradiated non-Tg mice, arthritis developed in these mice. In contrast, arthritis in pX-Tg mice was completely suppressed by non-Tg BM and spleen cells. Similar results were obtained with BM cells only. After the transplantation, T cells, B cells, and macrophages were replaced completely, whereas cells in the joints were replaced partially. In those mice, serum Ig and rheumatoid factor levels correlated with the disease development, and inflammatory cytokine expression was elevated in the arthritic joints. Furthermore, involvement of T cells in the joint lesion was suggested, because the incidence was greatly reduced in athymic nu/nu mice although small proportion of the mice still developed arthritis. These observations suggest that BM stem cells are abnormal, causing autoimmunity in pX-Tg mice, and this autoimmunity plays an important, but not absolute, role in the development of arthritis in this Tg mouse.
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140
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Yu XZ, Bidwell S, Martin PJ, Anasetti C. Visualization, fate, and pathogenicity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the graft-versus-host reaction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4780-7. [PMID: 10528177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
To follow the fate of alloreactive T cell effectors in graft-vs-host disease, Ld-specific CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6 2C TCR-transgenic donors were transplanted into sublethally irradiated (750 cGy) Ld+ or Ld- recipients. In Ld- C57BL/6 or (BALB/c-dm2 x C57BL/6)F1 recipients, naive 2C T cells engrafted and survived long term, but did not acquire effector function. In Ld+ (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 recipients, 2C T cells engrafted, expanded, became cytolytic, destroyed host B cells and double-positive thymocytes, and later disappeared. Despite marked damage to lymphoid and hemopoietic cells by 2C T cells, no significant pathology was detected in other organs, and recipients survived. Ld+ (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 recipients died when LPS/endotoxin was administered on day 7 after cell transfer, while Ld- (BALB/c-dm2 x C57BL/6)F1 recipients survived. Our findings show that under certain conditions, a CD8+ T cell population recognizing an extremely limited repertoire of Ags can initiate graft-vs-host disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/blood
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/mortality
- Graft vs Host Reaction/genetics
- Graft vs Host Reaction/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Injections, Intravenous
- Isoantigens/administration & dosage
- Isoantigens/genetics
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/transplantation
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141
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Sechler JM, Hansal SA, Morris DI, McFarland HI, Rosenberg AS. Antigen presentation determines the fate of the T memory response in vivo after sublethal gamma-irradiation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4701-6. [PMID: 10528167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The survival of memory T cells is critical to vaccination strategies for infectious diseases and cancer, whereas their elimination may be crucial for treatment of autoimmune states. We examined the consequences of gamma-irradiation, which induces apoptosis of memory T cells in vitro, on the memory response to MHC class I alloantigen in vivo. Sublethal gamma-irradiation of primed mice eliminated accelerated rejection of skin allografts but failed to induce tolerance. Accelerated rejection was restored in irradiated mice by infusion of bone marrow cells expressing the priming alloantigen on immunostimulatory APCs (dendritic cells), whereas the memory response was not restored by infusion of bone marrow cells expressing the priming alloantigen on nonstimulatory APCs (B cells). Strikingly, irradiated mice infused with nonstimulatory bone marrow APCs exhibited long-term survival or tolerance to skin grafts expressing the priming MHC class I alloantigen. The mechanism of tolerance in this setting is explored.
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142
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Truitt RL, Johnson BD, Hanke C, Talib S, Hearst JE. Photochemical treatment with S-59 psoralen and ultraviolet A light to control the fate of naive or primed T lymphocytes in vivo after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:5145-56. [PMID: 10528221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Donor leukocyte infusions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can provide a curative graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) effect, but there is a significant risk of graft-vs-host (GVH) disease. A simple and effective method for controlling the fate of naive or primed T-lymphocytes in vivo without eliminating their beneficial properties is needed. In this report, photochemical treatment (PCT) ex vivo with a synthetic psoralen (S-59) and UVA light was evaluated as a pharmacological approach to limiting the proliferation and GVH potential of naive and primed donor T cells in vivo. S-59 rapidly intercalates into and cross-links DNA on UVA illumination. The effects of PCT on T cells were found to be both S-59 and UVA dose dependent. With selected PCT regimens, treated T cells still expressed activation markers (CD25 and CD69) and secreted IL-2 on activation, but they showed limited proliferative capacity in vitro and in vivo. Clonal expansion of CTL in MLR was reduced after PCT, but short term lytic activity of primed CTL was not affected. In a murine model of MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation, the addition of PCT-treated T cells to T-depleted bone marrow facilitated donor engraftment and complete chimerism without causing acute or chronic graft-vs-host disease. Allospecific GVL reactivity was reduced but not eliminated after PCT treatment. In an MHC-matched model using host-presensitized donor T cells, PCT significantly reduced GVH-associated mortality without eliminating GVL reactivity. Thus, PCT ex vivo offers a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method by which to control the fate of naive and primed T cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Anergy/drug effects
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Ficusin/pharmacology
- Furocoumarins
- Graft vs Host Reaction/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Reaction/genetics
- Graft vs Host Reaction/immunology
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- PUVA Therapy/methods
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous
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143
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McPherson SW, Roberts JP, Gregerson DS. Systemic expression of rat soluble retinal antigen induces resistance to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4269-76. [PMID: 10510365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of sequestration in the maintenance of the immune privilege of the retina, retrovirally mediated gene transfer was used to express a defined, specific retinal autoantigen, rat soluble retinal Ag (S-Ag), in a systemic, nonsequestered manner. In this study we report the stable, long term transduction of rat retinal S-Ag into PBMC. Tolerance to S-Ag was assayed by challenging the S-Ag chimeric animals with S-Ag peptides in CFA and monitoring the time course and severity of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). The resulting data showed a correlation between the incidence of S-Ag chimerism and the loss of susceptibility to EAU. The development of resistance to EAU induction supports the hypothesis that Ag sequestration contributes to retinal immune privilege.
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144
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Staples JE, Gasiewicz TA, Fiore NC, Lubahn DB, Korach KS, Silverstone AE. Estrogen receptor alpha is necessary in thymic development and estradiol-induced thymic alterations. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4168-74. [PMID: 10510352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens affect the development, maturation, and function of multiple organ systems, including the immune system. One of the main targets of estrogens in the immune system is the thymus, which undergoes atrophy and phenotypic alterations when exposed to elevated levels of estrogen. To determine how estrogens influence the thymus and affect T cell development, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) knockout (ERKO) mice were examined. ERKO mice have significantly smaller thymi than their wild-type (WT) littermates. Construction of ER radiation bone marrow chimeras indicated that the smaller thymi were due to a lack of ERalpha in radiation-resistant tissues rather than hemopoietic elements. ERKO mice were also susceptible to estradiol-induced thymic atrophy, but the extent of their atrophy was less than what was seen in WT mice. The estradiol-treated ERKO mice failed, however, to manifest alterations in their thymic CD4/CD8 phenotypes compared with WT mice. Therefore, ERalpha is essential in nonhemopoietic cells to obtain a full-sized thymus, and ERalpha also mediates some of the response of the thymus to elevated estrogen levels. Finally, these results suggest that in addition to ERalpha, another receptor pathway is involved in estradiol-induced thymic atrophy.
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145
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Kreuwel HT, Morgan DJ, Krahl T, Ko A, Sarvetnick N, Sherman LA. Comparing the relative role of perforin/granzyme versus Fas/Fas ligand cytotoxic pathways in CD8+ T cell-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4335-41. [PMID: 10510373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells play a critical role in initiating insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The relative contribution of each of the major cytotoxic pathways, perforin/granzyme and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), in the induction of autoimmune diabetes remains controversial. To evaluate the role of each lytic pathway in beta cell lysis and induction of diabetes, we have used a transgenic mouse model in which beta cells expressing the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) are destroyed by HA-specific CD8+ T cells from clone-4 TCR-transgenic mice. Upon adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from perforin-deficient clone-4 TCR mice, there was a 30-fold increase in the number of T cells required to induce diabetes. In contrast, elimination of the Fas/FasL pathway of cytotoxicity had little consequence. When both pathways of cytolysis were eliminated, mice did not become diabetic. Using a model of spontaneous diabetes, which occurs in double transgenic neonates that express both clone-4 TCR and Ins-HA transgenes, mice deficient in either the perforin or FasL/Fas lytic pathway become diabetic soon after birth. This indicates that, in the neonate, large numbers of autoreactive CD8+ T cells can lead to destruction of islet beta cells by either pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Granzymes
- Immunohistochemistry
- Islets of Langerhans/chemistry
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Serine Endopeptidases/immunology
- Serine Endopeptidases/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- fas Receptor/immunology
- fas Receptor/physiology
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146
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Hamad M. Preferential repopulation of the small intestine by gut-derived T cell precursors in the murine system. CYTOBIOS 1999; 97:35-44. [PMID: 10510846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) precursors to repopulate the lymphoid components of lethally-irradiated mice was evaluated. Mice injected with total IEL, or IEL depleted of mature T cells, died within 2 weeks post-irradiation. Injection of T cell-depleted Thy-1.1 IEL and Thy-1.2 bone marrow (BM) into lethally-irradiated Thy-1.2 mice resulted in survival rates greater than 90%. The vast majority of thymocytes analysed at 2, 6, and 10 weeks post-treatment were Thy-1.2+. The Thy-1.1+ and Thy-1.2+ cells were detected in the spleen 2 and 6 weeks post-reconstitution. After 10 weeks, the majority of splenic T cells were Thy-1.2+. The majority of Thy-1+ IEL were of the Thy-1.1 subtype at 2 and 6 weeks after reconstitution. After 10 weeks, Thy-1.2+ IEL became the predominant subtype. Flow cytometry (FCM) analyses of Thy-1.1+ IEL showed that Thy-1.1 was co-expressed with CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, TCR alpha beta and TCR gamma delta T cell markers. These findings indicate that IEL precursors home preferentially to gut epithelia and generate complex IEL phenotypic subsets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Immunophenotyping
- Intestine, Small/cytology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Radiation Chimera/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Spleen/chemistry
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thy-1 Antigens/analysis
- Thymus Gland/chemistry
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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147
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Brenden N, Rietz C, Böhme J. E expression is needed on both bone marrow derived cells and thymic epithelium to increase IL-4 production and achieve protection in NOD bone marrow chimeras. Cytokine 1999; 11:766-72. [PMID: 10525315 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1998.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The NOD mouse is an animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes with many similarities to the human disease. NOD mice which are transgenic for the Ea gene, allowing expression of the E molecule, are protected from diabetes and rarely develop insulitis. We have constructed bone marrow chimeras between transgenic and non-transgenic NOD mice to study the correlation of E expression on bone marrow derived cells and thymic epithelium vs the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma. We show that NOD-E-->NOD-E and NOD-E-->NOD chimeras have elevated levels of IL-4 compared to NOD-->NOD and NOD-->NOD-E chimeras in the thymus. However, in the periphery the protected NOD-E-->NOD-E show much higher IL-4 levels than any of the other chimeras. This drop in peripheral IL-4 production seen in NOD-E-->NOD, NOD-->NOD-E and NOD-->NOD chimeras correlates with the increased insulitis seen in these mice compared to NOD-E-->NOD-E. In contrast, there were no differences in IFN-gamma production between the chimeras. We suggest that the precommitted, regulatory T cells, selected in an E-expressing thymic environment, need continuous interaction with E-expressing primary antigen presenting cells in the periphery for optimal IL-4 production. Decrease in IL-4 production correlates with increased insulitis.
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148
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Marguerat S, MacDonald HR, Kraehenbuhl JP, van Meerwijk JP. Protection from radiation-induced colitis requires MHC class II antigen expression by cells of hemopoietic origin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:4033-40. [PMID: 10491007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, is believed to result from a breakdown of dominant tolerance mechanisms that normally control intestinal immunity. Although CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations and expression of MHC class II molecules have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, the nature of the responsible mechanisms remains unclear. In this paper we describe a novel mouse model for inflammatory bowel disease, radiation-induced colitis, that occurs with complete penetrance 6-8 wk postinduction. A combination of high dose gamma-irradiation and lack of MHC class II expression on cells of hemopoietic origin results in development of colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Because of its versatility (due to susceptibility of mice of the widely genetically manipulated C57BL/6 background), high reproducibility, and 100% penetrance, radiation-induced colitis will be a useful mouse model for colitis and a significant tool to study dominant immunological tolerance mechanisms. Moreover, our data imply that tolerization to enteric Ags requires MHC class II mediated presentation by APC of hemopoietic origin.
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149
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Damoiseaux JG, Cautain B, Bernard I, Mas M, van Breda Vriesman PJ, Druet P, Fournié G, Saoudi A. A dominant role for the thymus and MHC genes in determining the peripheral CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in the rat. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:2983-9. [PMID: 10477560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
During their development, immature CD4CD8 double positive thymocytes become committed to either the CD4 or CD8 lineage. The final size of the peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cell compartments depends on thymic output and on the differential survival and proliferation of the respective T cell subsets in the periphery. Our results reveal that the development of the distinct peripheral CD4/CD8 T cell ratio between Lewis and Brown Norway rats originates in the thymus and, as shown by the use of radiation bone marrow chimeras, is determined by selection on radio-resistant stromal cells. Furthermore, this difference is strictly correlated with the MHC haplotype and is the result of a reduction in the absolute number of CD8 T cells in Brown Norway rats. These data suggest that the distinct CD4/CD8 T cell ratio between these two rat strains is the consequence of differential interactions of the TCR/CD8 coreceptor complex with the respective MHC class I haplotypes during selection in the thymus.
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150
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Manilay JO, Waneck GL, Sykes M. Levels of Ly-49 receptor expression are determined by the frequency of interactions with MHC ligands: evidence against receptor calibration to a "useful" level. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:2628-33. [PMID: 10453002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Ly-49 receptor expression was studied in NK cells that developed in fully MHC-mismatched mixed bone marrow chimeras, in which host and donor MHC ligands were expressed solely on various proportions of hemopoietic cells or on both hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. When hemopoietic cells were the only source of MHC ligand, a strong correlation between the level of down-regulation of Ly-49A, Ly-49C, and Ly-49G2 and the number of hemopoietic cells expressing their MHC ligands was observed on both donor and host NK cells. In some animals with low levels of donor hemopoietic chimerism, NK cells of donor origin expressed Ly-49 receptors at higher levels than was observed in normal mice of the same strain. This unexpected observation is inconsistent with the receptor calibration theory, which states that expression of Ly-49 inhibitory receptors is calibrated to an optimal level to maintain an NK cell repertoire that is sensitive to perturbations in normal class I ligand expression. Our data suggest a model in which Ly-49 receptors down-modulate in accordance with the frequency of their interactions with ligand-bearing cells, rather than a model in which these receptors calibrate to a specific "useful" level in response to ligands present in their environment.
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