1476
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Ohno S. The original function of MHC antigens as the general plasma membrane anchorage site of organogenesis-directing proteins. Immunol Rev 1977; 33:59-69. [PMID: 66186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1477
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Abstract
We have studied the antigen frequencies in a group of adult patients with acute and chronic iridocyclitis and chronic, cyclitis. In patients with iridocyclitis a statistically significant increased incidence of HLA-B27 was noted, even in those patients without joint or systemic disease. Patients with chronic iridocyclitis also were noted to have an increased incidence of B27; however, those patients with chronic cyclitis did not. On the basis of HLA-B27 studies there appears to be a fundamental difference between adult and juvenile iridocyclitis.
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1478
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Sugiura S, Ohno S, Ohtani O, Izumi K, Kitamikado T, Asai H, Kato K. Synthesis and antiinflammatory and hypnotic activity of 5-alkoxy-3-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1-phenylpyrazoles. J Med Chem 1977; 20:80-5. [PMID: 833830 DOI: 10.1021/jm00211a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Alkoxy-3-(N-substituted carbamoly)-1-phenylpyrazoles were prepared and tested for antiinflammatory and hypnotic activity. Four compounds showed antiinflammatory activity and three possessed hypnotic properties.
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1479
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Ohno S, Char DH, Kimura SJ, O'Connor GR. HLA antigens and antinuclear antibody titres in juvenile chronic iridocyclitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1977; 61:59-61. [PMID: 300027 PMCID: PMC1042874 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.61.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HLA antigen frequencies and antinuclear antibody titres were studied in 43 patients with juvenile chronic iridocyclitis. We did not detect an increased incidence of HLA-B27 in patients having chronic iridocyclitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or in patients with "chronic iridocyclitis in young girls". Both groups of patients had a statistically significant increased incidence of antinuclear antibodies. However, these antibodies were detected more frequently in patients with chronic iridocyclitis associated with JRA than in patients with "chronic iridocyclitis in young girls".
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1480
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Ohno S. A hormone-like action of H-Y antigen and gonadal development of XY/XX mosaic males and hermaphrodites. Hum Genet 1976; 35:21-5. [PMID: 63444 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1481
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Wachtel SS, Koo GC, Ohno S, Gropp A, Dev VG, Tantravahi R, Miller DA, Miller OJ. H-Y antigen and the origin of XY female wood lemmings (Myopus schisticolor). Nature 1976; 264:638-9. [PMID: 1004604 DOI: 10.1038/264638a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1482
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Daley JD, Ohno S, Younglai EV. Conversion of testosterone to androstenedione by liver homogenates of testicular feminized mice. EXPERIENTIA 1976; 32:1607-8. [PMID: 1021465 DOI: 10.1007/bf01924479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1483
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Abstract
Specific binding of the androgens, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone, and of 17beta-estradiol by brain cytosol from mice at 3-5,9-11, and 18-23 days of age was measured by charcoal assay and glycerol gradient centrifugation and analyzed by Scatchard plots. The immature mouse brain contains putative receptors for these steroids which migrate at 8 S in gradients at low ionic strength and at 5 S in 0.5 M KCl. Investigation of estradiol binding was complicated by the presence in cytosol from 3-5 day-old mice, and to a lesser extent from 9-11 day-old mice, of the high capacity, fetoneonatal estradiol binding protein (FEBP) which is no longer detectable at 3 weeks. The rapid dissociation of the FEBP-estradiol complex under non-equilibrium conditions probably led to over-estimation of free steroid concentration and thus to an apparent increase in the affinity of 8 S receptor for estradiol with age (for female brain cytosol KD=9.5 X 10(-10)M at 3-5 days and 2.7 X 10(-10)M at 18-23 days). The number of estradiol binding sites remains relatively constant during the first 3 weeks at 7-9 fmol/mg protein, while the number of DHT binding sites in female brain increases from 3.2+/-0.3 to 6.6+/-0.9 to 9.6+/-0.3 (mean+/-SE) fmol/mg protein in the 3 age groups. Dissociation constants and numbers of sites for both DHT and estradiol binding are similar in brain cytosol from male and female mice. Testosterone and DHT compete for the same binding site, but its affinity for DHT is about twice that for testosterone. The high affinity of the brain receptor for DHT (KD=4-5 X 10(-10)M) may reflect the slow metabolism of DHT to 5alpha-androstanediols, amounting to less than 10% after 2 h at 0 C. Binding of DHT and estradiol to cytosol from brain regions was also investigated. DHT receptors increase in parallel in various regions with age; the concentration of sites in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA) is 1.2-3.4 times that in the cerebral cortex (C). The concentration of estradiol binding sites in HPOA to that in C increases about 12-fold from neonatal to adult stages, reflecting both an increase in HPOA sites and a decrease in C sites, while the concentration in the remainder of the brain shows little change. Androgen and estrogen receptors in brain cytosol from immature mice can be distinguished by their different specificities and developmental patterns in whole brain and brain regions. The presence and properties of these receptors in the brain of neonatal mice are discussed with respect to their possible role in sexual differentiation of the brain.
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1484
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1485
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Ohno S, Char DH, Kimura SJ, O'Connor GR. Letter: Sugar, cereals and sharks. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:788. [PMID: 958270 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197609302951418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1486
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Abstract
A model of herpetic keratitis with type 1 Herpesvirus hominis was established in the guinea pig. The administration of 10 mg triamcinolone acetonide subconjunctivally in both eyes resulted in an amelioration of the clinical course of the disease process, whereas 40 mg injected peritoneally did not. The possible pathophysiology of these responses is discussed.
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1487
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Ohno S, Christian LC, Wachtel SS, Koo GC. Hormone-like role of H-Y antigen in bovine freemartin gonad. Nature 1976; 261:597-9. [PMID: 934301 DOI: 10.1038/261597a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1488
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Attardi B, Geller LN, Ohno S. Androgen and estrogen receptors in brain cytosol from male, female, and testicular feminized (tfm/y hermaphrodite) mice. Endocrinology 1976; 98:864-74. [PMID: 179788 DOI: 10.1210/endo-98-4-864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Specific binding of [3H] 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and [3H] estradiol by cytoplasmic extracts from whole brain of castrated male, female, and androgen-insensitive, testicular feminized (tfm/y male-female), mice has been investigated using glycerol gradient centrifugation and charcoal assay. Mouse brain cytosol contains macromolecules with the characteristics of steroid hormone receptors, binding preferentially with high-affinity androgens or estrogens. Both DHT- and estradiol-receptor complexes migrate at 8-9 S in gradients at low ionic strength and at 4-5 S in gradients containing 0.5M KCl. KD's (mean +/- SE) for DHT binding by brain cytosol from castrated males, females, and tfm/y male-female are 1.1 +/- 0.4, 0.9 +/- 0.4, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9)M, respectively. DHT binding activity in brain cytosol from tfm/y male-female mice is reduced to about 20-30% of that from their normal littermates, as is the case for tfm/y male-female kidney cytosol. The residual androgen receptor in tfm/y male-female brain cytosol has normal sedimentation properties. Unlike the situation for androgen binding, the number of estradiol binding sites is comparable in brain cytosol from male, female, and tfm/y male-female mice. KD's (mean +/- SE) for estradiol binding are 1.6 +/- 0.5 X 10(-10)M for castrated males, 2.4 +/- 0.4 X 10(-10)M for females, and 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(-10)M for tfm/y male-female. Cross-competition experiments with unlabeled estradiol, DHT, or testosterone, have shown a difference in the degree of specificity of the androgen and estrogen receptors, the estrogen receptor having considerably more specificity. For the interaction of estradiol with the androgen receptor, the Ki is 8-9 X 10(-9)M. The decrease in the number of DHT binding sites in the brain of tfm/y male-female mice without a concomitant decrease in estradiol binding sites, and the different specificities of the two sites, point to the existence of distinct androgen and estrogen receptor molecules in mouse brain cytosol.
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1489
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Reed KC, Ohno S. Kinetic properties of human placental aromatase. Application of an assay measuring 3H2O release from 1beta,2beta-3H-androgens. J Biol Chem 1976; 251:1625-31. [PMID: 3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive assay of 1beta,2beta-3H-androgen aromatization by measurement of 3H2O release (Thompson, E.A., Jr., and Siiteri, P.K. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5364-5372) has been analyzed to determine its applicability to initial rate studies. It was found that aromatization is the sole reaction catalyzed by lyophilized placental microsomes that causes a loss of tritium from position 1 or 2 of androstenedione and testosterone. Tritium is, however, removed from position 2 of the estrogen products, presumably in 2-hydroxylation, but this does not invalidate use of the assay for initial rate measurements; it was therefore used to characterize the catalytic properties of aromatase. Aromatization by the freeze-dried preparation was stimulated by K+, EDTA, and dithiothreitol, and was maximally active at pH 7.5 TO 8.0. With incubation conditions optimized for these factors, the apparent Km for NADPH is approximately 1 muM. The maximum velocity of androstenedione aromatization exceeds that of testosterone, and the affinity of the substrate binding site is higher for the former substrate, the apparent Km values being 0.1 muM and 0.4 muM, respectively. Mutual competition experiments with the androgen substrates showed that each gives simple competitive inhibition of the other's aromatization; furthermore, the apparent Ki values for each are in close agreement with their respective Km values. Androst-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione competitively inhibits the aromatization of both androstenedione and testosterone, the apparent Ki, in both cases being 0.2 muM. It is concluded that the two androgen substrates are aromatized at a single, identical site.
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1490
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Reed KC, Ohno S. Kinetic properties of human placental aromatase. Application of an assay measuring 3H2O release from 1beta,2beta-3H-androgens. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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1491
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1492
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Ohno S. Promethean evolution as the biological basis of human freedom and equality. PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 1976; 19:527-532. [PMID: 25578085 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.1976.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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1493
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Abstract
As a direct test for a role of androgens, compensatory renal hypertrophy was studied in normal male mice, in androgen-insensitive Tfm/Y mice, and in sibling normal female mice. Fifteen days after unilateral nephrectomy, although the kidneys of the normal male mice were larger, relative increases in renal weight were similar in all groups (33-43%). The magnitude of the increase and the contents of protein, RNA, and DNA were the same in the Tfm/Y mice and the female mice. Androgens are not essential to compensatory renal hypertrophy, but they promote larger mice with larger kidneys.
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1494
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Ito I, Oda N, Nagai S, Ohno S. [Studies on diphenylmethane derivatives. IV. Synthesis of diphenylglycine derivatives (author's transl)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1975; 95:28-32. [PMID: 1169305 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi1947.95.1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1495
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Kan J, Mackinnon PC, Ohno S, Younglai EV. Proceedings: Restoration of androgen sensitivity in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of the testicular feminized mouse by a 'protective' gene. J Physiol 1974; 242:103P. [PMID: 4455779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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1496
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1497
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Ohno S, Christian L, Attardi B. Role of testosterone in normal female function. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 243:119-20. [PMID: 4513554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1498
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Drews U, Itakura H, Dofuku R, Tettenborn U, Ohno S. Nuclear DHT-receptor in Tfm-Y kidney cell. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 238:216-7. [PMID: 4506205 DOI: 10.1038/newbio238216a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1499
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1500
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Dofuku R, Tettenborn U, Ohno S. Further characterization of Os mutation of mouse beta-glucuronidase locus. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 234:259-61. [PMID: 5289439 DOI: 10.1038/newbio234259a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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