Absorption of methylmercury compounds from rat intestine

Intestinal absorption of methylmercury complexed with non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSHs) as occurs in bile was studied by means of direct injection of mercury compounds into ligated intestinal segments of rats. The extent of absorption of methylmercury-cysteinylglycine (MM-CysGly) was similar to that of methylmercury-cysteine (MM-Cys) and 1.5 times larger than that of methylmercury-glutathione (MM-GSH). This results suggested that MM-CysGly, which is recognized as a major component of methylmercury in rat bile, can be easily reabsorbed from the intestine. These results indicate that not only MM-GSH and MM-Cys but also MM-CysGly may play important roles in the intestinal reabsorption of methylmercury during its enterohepatic circulation. When the ligated intestine was pretreated with probenecid and acivicin, the intestinal absorption of MM-GSH was depressed much more than in the case of treatment with acivicin alone. This indicates the possibility that there are at least two systems for intestinal transport of MM-GSH, i.e. gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-dependent and -independent systems.

Deletion of self-reactive T cells in nude mice grafted with neonatal allogeneic thymus

The cellular basis of tolerance induction has been investigated in BALB/c(H-2d, thy 1.2, M1s1b2a) nude mice grafted with thymus of neonatal AKR/J mice(H-2k,Thy1.1,M1s1a2b). The spleen cells from nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus showed a significantly decreased level of primary cytotoxic T cell response when stimulated with AKR/J cells, although these cells lysed well target cells of a third party C57BL/6 when stimulated with C57BL/6 cells. Consistent with CTL responses, T cells bearing V beta 6, that is important for recognizing M1s1a-encoded products of the thymic phenotype, were virtually abolished in the spleen and lymph node cells of nude mice 8 wk after grafting with AKR/J thymus. However, a substantial number of V beta 6-bearing T cells were detected in the peripheral organs of nude mice 23 wk after grafting with AKR/J thymus and in those of nude mice grafted with AKR/J fetal thymus depleted of macrophages/dendritic cells by incubating with 2'-deoxyguanosine in vitro before grafting. On the other hand, T cells bearing V beta 3, which are selectively related to M1s2a-encoded products of the host phenotype, were expressed neither on the peripheral T cells of nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus at any stage after grafting nor on those of nude mice grafted with 2'-deoxyguanosine-treated AKR/J thymus. These data suggested that both V beta 6 and V beta 3 T cells were eliminated in the thymus of nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus, presumably on the basis of interaction with both of graft-derived persisting and host-derived hemopoietic cells in the thymus and that thymic epithelium appears to have little capacity to eliminate T cells reactive to minor lymphocyte stimulating-encoded products.

Deletion of self-reactive T cells in nude mice grafted with neonatal allogeneic thymus

The cellular basis of tolerance induction has been investigated in BALB/c(H-2d, thy 1.2, M1s1b2a) nude mice grafted with thymus of neonatal AKR/J mice(H-2k,Thy1.1,M1s1a2b). The spleen cells from nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus showed a significantly decreased level of primary cytotoxic T cell response when stimulated with AKR/J cells, although these cells lysed well target cells of a third party C57BL/6 when stimulated with C57BL/6 cells. Consistent with CTL responses, T cells bearing V beta 6, that is important for recognizing M1s1a-encoded products of the thymic phenotype, were virtually abolished in the spleen and lymph node cells of nude mice 8 wk after grafting with AKR/J thymus. However, a substantial number of V beta 6-bearing T cells were detected in the peripheral organs of nude mice 23 wk after grafting with AKR/J thymus and in those of nude mice grafted with AKR/J fetal thymus depleted of macrophages/dendritic cells by incubating with 2'-deoxyguanosine in vitro before grafting. On the other hand, T cells bearing V beta 3, which are selectively related to M1s2a-encoded products of the host phenotype, were expressed neither on the peripheral T cells of nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus at any stage after grafting nor on those of nude mice grafted with 2'-deoxyguanosine-treated AKR/J thymus. These data suggested that both V beta 6 and V beta 3 T cells were eliminated in the thymus of nude mice grafted with AKR/J thymus, presumably on the basis of interaction with both of graft-derived persisting and host-derived hemopoietic cells in the thymus and that thymic epithelium appears to have little capacity to eliminate T cells reactive to minor lymphocyte stimulating-encoded products.

Hypotensive effect of long-term levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease

To study the hypotensive effect of L-dopa in patients with Parkinson's disease on long-term L-dopa, the blood pressure (BP) was measured in 14 patients and 6 controls before 100 mg L-dopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor and for up to 180 min after dosing. Plasma monoamines and motor functions were assessed. The mean BP was reduced between 60 and 180 min after dosing in the patients, whereas such a reduction was not observed in 5 patients from whom L-dopa was withheld and in controls who showed a high ratio of plasma dopamine compared to plasma L-dopa after dosing. The L-dopa-induced reduction in BP was thought to be due to a central nervous mechanism.

[A clinical study of 92 cases of renal cell carcinoma--statistical analysis of prognosis according to the new TNM classification]

A clinico-statistical study was made on 92 patients with renal cell carcinoma who visited us from January 1978 to November 1988. The results were as follows: 1. Seventy-eight patients were treated by radical nephrectomy, two patients by partial nephrectomy, and three patients were treated at other hospitals initially. Nine patients were underwent only conservative therapy. 3. Overall 1, 3, 5, and 10-year survival rates by Kaplan-Meier method were 81.8%, 58.0%, 55.3%, and 50.2%, respectively. 3. The 3-year survival rates according to clinical T-stage were 71.3% for 56 patients in T2, 66.8% for 16 patients in T3a, and 24.1% for 16 patients in T3b. A significant difference existed between patients in T3a and patients in T3b. It appears that the new TNM classification system is more accurate for prognosis of patients in stage T3 than that currently in use.

Polymerization of factor B of the alternative complement pathway via disulfide bond(s) in the presence of Cu2+ and stimulation by C3b, the major fragment of C3

Factor B(B) of the alternative complement pathway has been found to dimerize via disulfide bond(s) in the presence of CuCl2. Poly B has no B activity. The Bb fragment was also dimerized, indicating that one free sulfhydryl group on the Bb portion might be involved in polymerization. The Ba fragment was not dimerized. C3b, the major fragment of C3, has the capacity to stimulate polymerization of B. Incubation of C3b, B and factor D in the presence of Mg2+ and Cu2+ resulted in the formation of poly B and diminished cleavage of B. These results suggest that polymerization of B due to Cu2+ might be partly responsible for the impairment of C3 convertase activity of the alternative pathway.

Structure and expression of cDNA for calphobindin II, a human placental coagulation inhibitor

Calphobindin II, with Mr 73,000, is one of the human placental anticoagulant proteins. The cDNA encoding calphobindin II was obtained by screening a human placental lambda gt11 cDNA library using a specific antibody as a probe. The longest cDNA insert consisted of 2,361 nucleotides and a 64-nucleotide-long poly(A) tract. An open reading frame encoding 673 amino acids was predicted. The deduced sequence includes an 8-fold repeat of a conserved 70-amino-acid-long segment that has a high degree of sequence identity with the repeated segments in members of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding protein family. The cDNA fragment including the open reading frame was introduced into the expression vector pKK223-3 and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli JM105 cells. The resulting recombinant protein reacted with the specific monoclonal antibodies to calphobindin II and prolonged the blood coagulation time as did placental calphobindin II.

Characterization of antibody against human liver guanase by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining of human liver guanase by a direct labeling antibody-enzyme method

Human liver guanase was purified and a specific antibody against it was raised in rabbits. The antiserum formed a single precipitin line with human liver extract, and also completely inhibited the activity of the liver enzyme. An immunoblotting study showed that the antibody bound specifically to one band of protein with guanase activity and not to other proteins. Therefore, we concluded that this antiserum against the liver enzyme was suitable for use in immunohistochemical demonstration of guanase. In tissue sections, the immunohistochemical reaction with this antibody was positive in the same locations as the histochemical guanase reaction with DAB (3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride).

[Case report of a complete regression of para-aortic lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer by oral administration of UFT]

We report a case in which para-aortic lymphnode metastasis from bladder cancer regressed completely by administration of UFT. The patient was a 72-year-old male who had undergone a total cystectomy for bladder cancer. Since para-aortic node metastasis was recognized in abdominal CT 1 year after the operation, we treated this patient by oral administration of UFT at a dose of 600 mg per day, and the metastatic lesion regressed completely 2 months later. After the complete regression, UFT was administered for one year. At present, 6 months after the discontinuation of UFT, para-aortic lymphnode swelling is not observed. Although adverse effects such as pigmentation and nail degeneration was found, there was no abnormal finding in blood analysis and chemistry. It is suggested that UFT may be effectively used for bladder cancer.

Effect of 15(R)-15-methyl PGE2 (arbaprostil) on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rat

The present study was designed to observe the effect of 15(R)-15-methyl PGE2 (arbaprostil) on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in male Wistar rats anesthetized with urethane. A proximal duodenal loop (1.5cm) was made and perfused with saline (pH4.5) in an air tight circle system. The pH and Pco2 of the perfusing fluid were measured continuously and the quantity of bicarbonate was calculated according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Vehicle or arbaprostil was injected intravenously as a bolus injection. The total output of bicarbonate in 30 min was as follows; control: 0.449 +/- 0.093 microEq (mean +/- SE); 1,10 and 100 mu/kg of arbaprostil: 0.752 +/- 0.218, 2.75 +/- 0.430 and 5.958 +/- 0.578 microEq respectively. Arbaprostil (10 and 100 micrograms/kg) increased the total output of bicarbonate significantly (p less than 0.001). The rate of secretion was also increased by arbaprostil.

Orchiopexy for intravaginal testicular torsion. Ring-shaped fixation of the lower part of the testis

As a surgical therapy for intravaginal testicular torsion, we developed a testicular fixation method considering the testis in intravaginal testicular torsion in comparison with the normal one. With our method, the lower part of the testis is fixed in a ring form around the testicular long axis to show the wide extravaginal area similar to that of a normal testis. We believe that this method is simple, logical and effective to fix the testis in intravaginal testicular torsion.

Improved technique of tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy and results of permanent urinary diversion

An improved technique of tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy through a single stoma was devised by modifing the traditional cutaneous ureterostomy. Using this method, urinary diversions were performed on 12 cases with malignancies: 6 had radical cystectomy and the other 6 had pelvic exenteration. Normal bilateral ureters were observed in 11 cases in preoperative intravenous pyelography. Stomal stenosis was found in 1 case (8.3%) requiring operative stomal revision. Generally satisfactory results were obtained. This method could lower the incidence of complications. A long-term follow-up is needed, but 2 cases who have survived for more than 4 years since the operation have shown excellent results. It was thought that it would be difficult to perform tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy on normal-sized ureters, but our clinical results indicate that this method may be able to provide permanent urinary diversion.

Clinical observations on fertile males with varicocele

During the clinical observation of 32 fertile cases with varicocele interesting findings were made. Normal semen, a sperm density above 40 million/ml and a motile sperm rate of over 60% were observed in 46.9% of the cases. Furthermore, a sperm density of more than 40 million/ml was found in 75% and a motile sperm rate of more than 50% was detected in 81.3%, indicating normal or adequate spermogram data. A difference in right-left testicular size was recognized in 35.5% (11 cases). Only 2 of the cases had oligospermia and 9 cases had normospermia. Two cases had low testosterone values and low motile sperm rates were also detected. Secondary infertility occurred in 33.3%. In 25% of the cases, scrotal scintigraphy revealed an accumulation of high radioactivity indicating venous blood pooling over the affected site in the early phase of dynamic images. In the other cases, different venous flow characteristics were detected visually.

Biological significance of phospholipids in the rat stomach--from the viewpoint of electron microscopy

The structures of gastric phospholipids (PLs) were further confirmed by employing an improved fixative and fixation method. PLs were detected on the free surface of superficial mucous epithelial cells and epithelial cells of the foveolar crypts. PLs were also detected inside superficial mucous cells and epithelial cells of the foveolar crypts. The gastric PLs were secreted through a merocrine-like mechanism. Apocrine-like secretion of PLs was also observed in some electron microscopic images. PLs were observed in the intercellular and intracellular secretory canaliculi of parietal cells and also in the rest of the parietal cytoplasm. The above findings indicated the localization of PLs on the surface of the gastric lumen and in the gastric mucosa, and suggested that, similar to gastric glycoproteins, gastric PLs play an important role in the gastric mucous barrier and mucosal barrier.

A rapid microassay for detecting hepatitis B surface antigen by dot enzyme immunoassay

This study describes a dot enzyme immunoassay (Dot-EIA) for detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The results demonstrated that the detection level of this assay for HBsAg was 1.5 ng/ml; no false-positive or -negative readings were observed. Also, this Dot-EIA had some advantages over standard EIA: (1) antiserum could be directly and immediately bound on nitrocellulose paper set into microfiltration apparatus, (2) the paper could be easily washed under reduced pressure using a water aspirator, (3) all assay steps could be performed at room temperature within 2 h, (4) the well-defined brown spots could be evaluated by both visual observation and densitometric reading. The Dot-EIA reported here may be useful for rapid diagnosis and screening of HBsAg in serum.

A classification for intravaginal torsion of the testis

We have developed a new classification for intravaginal testicular torsion by comparing the testes in 36 cases of intravaginal torsion with those of 30 cases undergoing castration for prostatic cancer. The classification was made by our new criteria as follows: bell-clapper type (type III) in which torsion very easily occurs; intermediate type (type II), which can be further divided into two subtypes, type IIb in which torsion easily occurs and type IIa in which torsion hardly occurs, and normal type (type I) in which torsion never occurs. We believe that our new classification is simple and useful for definite clinical understanding.

Downhill esophageal varices caused by benign giant lymphoma. Case report and review of downhill varices cases in Japan

Incidentally detected "downhill" varices of the entire esophagus in a 26-year-old man were found to be due to a benign giant lymphoma in the posterior mediastinum. The superior vena cava was not obstructed. Following resection of the tumor the varices disappeared. Substantial blood drainage to the esophageal veins was assumed to be the causal mechanism.

Structure and expression of cDNA for an inhibitor of blood coagulation isolated from human placenta: a new lipocortin-like protein

An inhibitor of blood coagulation, a new protein with an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.9, was purified from human placental tissue by EDTA extraction. Five cDNA clones were isolated from the human placental lambda gt11 cDNA library using the mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the coagulation inhibitor as the probe. The longest insert consists of 1,566 nucleotides, and contains 960 nucleotides entirely encoding the 320 amino acids of the inhibitor, and a poly A tail. The deduced amino acid sequence was corroborated by chemical analyses of the protein. The entire amino acid sequence shows homology to those of lipocortin I, lipocortin II, and endonexin-related proteins. The cDNA for the inhibitor was expressed in Escherichia coli under the regulation of the trc promotor of the plasmid pKK233-2. The resulting recombinant protein manifested inhibitory activities against both blood coagulation and phospholipase A2 activity, as did the coagulation inhibitor isolated from human placenta.

[A case of inverted papilloma of the ureter with malignant findings]

A 70-year-old female with inverted papilloma of the ureter is presented. She was hospitalized because of asymptomatic macrohematuria. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography demonstrated a filling defect with smooth contour at the mid-portion of the right ureter. Abdominal computer tomographic (CT) scan showed mass lesion (CT number 41) at the same portion as the filling defect. She was diagnosed as having an ureteral tumor and right nephroureterectomy was performed. The gross specimen contained a 24 X 12 mm, polypoid, pedunculated and smooth-surfaced tumor. Pathological diagnosis was inverted papilloma. However, microscopic examination revealed a malignant finding corresponding to transitional cell carcinoma grade 1. From the Japanese and foreign literature, 25 cases of ureteral inverted papilloma were collected and are reviewed. Clinical and pathological features are discussed.

[Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord: a case report]

A case of spermatic cord liposarcoma is reported. A 66-year-old male visited our hospital with the complaint of right scrotal swelling. Laboratory and radiological examinations were unremarkable. A right high orchiectomy with en bloc resection of pericordal tissue was performed. Histological examination revealed well-differentiated liposarcoma of spermatic cord. There are 19 cases of spermatic cord liposarcoma reported in Japan.

[Studies on the intravenous administration of amikacin to neonates]

Amikacin (AMK) was administered mainly to neonates by either intravenous drip infusion or intramuscular injection and its pharmacokinetic changes were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Serum half-lives of AMK in neonates at ages 0 to 3 days were longer than those at ages 4 to 10 days. Serum half-lives were prolonged particularly in neonates at an age 0 day. Neonates at ages 11 to 15 days, also showed longer half-lives in comparison to infants. Similar peak serum levels were observed in all the neonates with ages 0-15 days. 2. Similar serum AMK levels were obtained in neonates through intravenous drip infusion and through intramuscular injection at a same dose level. 3. When the drug was administered to neonates at 3.0 to 6.0 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion, peak serum levels did not reach 30 micrograms/ml which is considered to be the critical level for AMK to be toxic. 4. Urinary excretion rates in neonates 11 day or older were almost the same levels as in infants. 5. AMK, when administered through intravenous drip infusion, was observed to have a higher migration rate to saliva when compared with kanamycin administered through intramuscular injection. 6. Based on the results obtained from the present study, the following doses seem to be optimal for neonates, but further studies are required to be conclusive. For neonates: 2.0 to 5.0 mg/kg daily in 1 to 2 divided doses. (For those at ages of 0 to 3 days: 2.0 to 3.0 mg/kg) For infants: 3.0 to 8.0 mg/kg daily in 1 to 2 divided doses through intravenous drip infusion over a period of 30 minutes to 1 hour.

Relationship between guanase activity in donor blood and the incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis, and a possible method for preventing posttransfusional hepatitis

A total of 107 recipients, who did not show any evidence of hepatic disorders in pretransfusional liver function tests and gave a negative reaction for HBsAg, were observed from 3 weeks to 3 months after blood transfusion of 711 units of blood. The blood was judged suitable for use in transfusion because it had a normal level of ALT activity and gave a negative reaction for HBsAg. The guanase activities of the blood used for transfusion were examined. Cases in which an increase of ALT to at least twice the upper limit of normal persisted for at least 3 weeks and the ALT value increased to more than five times the normal upper limit at least once during this period, which also gave a negative reaction for HBsAg, were judged to have posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of 107 recipients, 18 developed posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis. It was detected in 2 of 71 recipients (3%) with blood guanase activities below 3.5 units per liter and in 16 of 36 recipients (44%) with blood guanase activities above 3.6 units per liter. Thus, the incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis was significantly higher in recipients with blood guanase activities above 3.6 units per liter. The incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis increased linearly with increase in the level of guanase activity in donor blood. Thus, a high guanase activity in donor blood is considered to be an important predicting factor for posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Application of Testsimplets for classification of sperm morphology]

Testsimplets is a pre-stained, ready-to-use slides for differential blood cell counts. We have been using this Testsimplets slide to classify sperm morphology since 1978. Its characteristics is that it is very easy to prepare specimens quickly and we can see sperm morphology clearly for the classification of the sperm. We regard this Testsimplets slide as a supravital staining. The disadvantage is that we can not preserve specimens for more than 24 hrs. Extensive use of the Testsimplets slide is a useful method for the classification of sperm morphology in the infertility clinic.

Molecular cloning of a xylanase gene from Streptomyces sp. No. 36a and its expression in streptomycetes

The gene for an extracellular xylanase from Streptomyces sp. No. 36a was cloned into Streptomyces lividans TK21 using pIJ702 as a vector plasmid. The smallest DNA fragment encoding the xylanase gene and its possible promotor was determined to be a 1.04 kb Sph I-Sac I fragment by sub-cloning studies. This xylanase gene fragment was transferred into the pSK2 series of plasmids and introduced into Streptomyces kasugaensis G3 protoplasts. The cloned xylanase gene was expressed in both S. lividans TK21 and S. kasugaensis G3, and these clones produced and secreted high yields of xylanase into the culture medium. The xylanase production was not detected when a foreign DNA fragment was inserted into the Bcl I site locating in the xylanase gene fragment.

A method of calculating high-energy photon primary absorbed dose in water using forward and backward spread dose-distribution functions

The complete distribution of high-energy photon primary absorbed dose along the beam path within a semi-infinite or finite water phantom can be expressed by one functional equation. The derivation is based on a technique of convoluting a primary collision kerma distribution function with a pair of forward and backward spread dose-distribution functions. In particular, the characteristic patterns of primary dose in the regions near the beam entrance and exit surfaces can be obtained. The calculated ratio of primary dose to primary collision kerma in the electron-equilibrium region in water for 60Co radiation is 1.0060 and that for 25-MV radiation is 1.0444.

In vivo and in vitro effects of bradykinin on the release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity

The effect of bradykinin (BK) on the release of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EpLI) in rats was studied in vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of BK at 5 micrograms/100 g body weight resulted in significant increase in the plasma beta-EpLI level after 15 min. BK at concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-7) M also caused dose-dependent stimulation of beta-EpLI release from dispersed cells of rat anterior pituitary. On gel chromatography, the beta-EpLI released by incubation of the cells with 10(-7) M BK separated into two components, eluted in the same positions as human beta-lipotropin and human beta-endorphin, respectively. BK did not stimulate beta-EpLI release in Ca++-free medium. Addition of 10(-3) M verapamil or 10(-6) M dexamethasone to the incubation medium inhibited BK-induced beta-EpLI release from the cells. Quabain (10(-5) M) also stimulated beta-EpLI release, but its effect was not additive with that of BK. These results indicate that BK stimulates beta-EpLI release and that calcium ion is involved in the mechanism of this effect.

The differential scatter-air ratio and differential backscatter factor method combined with the density scaling theorem

Using the O'Connor density scaling theorem, two basic equations have been derived to express scatter dose calculations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms: (i) the differential scatter-air ratio for calculating the frontscatter, and (ii) the differential backscatter factor for calculating the backscatter. In the derivation of both equations the relative electron density along the line between the scattering element and the calculation point has been averaged to account for scatter attenuation. Each equation expresses the amount of front or backscatter at the point of calculation per unit primary dose, per unit relative electron density, per unit volume at the scattering element. Primary dose calculations in both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous phantom have been carried out using a simple exponential attenuation law. Except in the area of or near interfaces and the area around field borders where there is electron disequilibrium, satisfactory dose calculations have been obtained using the primary and scatter dose calculation procedure for experiments done with Co-60 gamma rays in homogeneous soft tissue phantoms and in heterogeneous cork and aluminum phantoms.

[Clinical study on the treatment of infected renal cyst]

A case of infected simple renal cyst and three cases of infected polycystic kidney have been treated during the 6 years from July, 1976 to June, 1982. One of the 3 cases of polycystic kidney, was operated. The other 2 cases were treated with antibiotics. The largest cyst in the present studies appeared to be more than 5 cm in diameter on the X-ray films. To define the limits to chemotherapy of the infected cyst, the relationship between the effect of chemotherapy and the size of the cyst was evaluated from clinical prognosis. From these results, it is strongly suggested that surgical treatment rather than chemotherapy is the best treatment for cysts which are more than 6 cm in diameter or in cases of marked protrusion of the kidney and significant deformation of renal calyces.

New beta-lactam antibiotics, carpetimycins C and D

Two new carbapenem antibiotics, carpetimycins C and D have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. KC-6643, which produced carpetimycins A and B. The structures of carpetimycins C and D have been determined to be (5R,6R)-3-[2-acetamidoethyl-(R)-sulfinyl]-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) -7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid and (5R,6R)-3-[2-acetamidoethyl-(R)-sulfinyl]-6-(1-hydroxysulfonyloxy-1 -methylethyl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, respectively. Studies on the fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties of these antibiotics are also described.

[A study of cefoperazone prostatic tissue levels: difference between the gland and capsule]

Prostatic tissue levels of Cefoperazone (CPZ) were determined in 34 patients with prostatic hypertrophy after the intravenous administration of 1 g of CPZ. Prostatic tissue levels of CPZ decreased slowly with time and the elimination half-life was 125 to 171 minutes. The CPZ concentration in the surgical capsule was higher than that in the gland. As compared with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of CPZ, the prostatic tissue levels were considered high enough for the treatment of post-prostatectomy and bacterial prostatitis. Neither the pathological type of prostatic hypertrophy, that of infiltrations, nor the weight of the removed tissue was correlated to the tissue levels of CPZ.