151
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Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee BK, Trainor FA. Shear vs pressure as causative factors in skin blood flow occlusion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60:309-14. [PMID: 454129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An instrument was developed to measure the external pressure, shear, and pulsatile arteriolar blood flow existent at a given portion of the anatomy. Application of this device to the thenar eminence of 4 healthy subjects showed that externally applied pressure was approximately twice as effective as shear in reducing pulsatile arteriolar blood flow. The combination of pressure plus shear was found particularly effective in promoting blood flow occlusion. At a sufficiently high level of shear (roughly 100 g/cm2) the pressure necessary to produce occlusion was half that required when little shear was present.
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152
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Abstract
The relationship between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria was studied over a five year period in three hospitals. In a Veterans Administration Hospital, 59 patients with Staph, aureus bacteremia had a urine culture within 48 hours of a positive blood culture. In 16 of 59 (27 per cent), greater than 10(5) Staph. aureus was recovered from the urine in pure culture. Six of these patients had apparent primary staphylococcal urinary tract infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and bacteriuria were compared with those in 31 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and sterile urine cultures. The two groups differed only in the more frequent occurrence of pyuria and proteinuria in the bacteriuric patients. In two other hospitals, staphylococcal bacteriuria occurred in 7 per cent of patients with Staph. aureus bacteremia and in 13 per cent of cases of staphylococcal endocarditis. Review of autopsy records for 33 patients who died within one month of their bacteremia failed to show a correlation between bacteriuria and the presence of renal abscess. Staphylococcal bacteriuria is a frequent and unexplained concomitant of Staph. aureus bactremia.
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153
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Lee BK, Nagabhushan TL, Condon RG, Cooper AB, Waitz JA. Antibiotic biosynthesis by cofermentation of blocked mutants of two Micromonospora species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978; 14:73-7. [PMID: 686710 PMCID: PMC352407 DOI: 10.1128/aac.14.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two aminocyclitol-negative Micromonospora mutants representing two different species, M. purpurea and M. inyoensis, and blocked at different steps in the biosynthetic pathway were paired and cofermented for the synthesis of antibiotics. The two blocked mutants were incapable of producing antibiotics alone except when 2-deoxystreptamine was added. When combined they produced gentamicins A, X(2), C(1a), and C(2b), which all have an amino group at the 2' position, and gentamicin B, which has a hydroxyl group at this position instead.
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154
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Patel M, Oden EM, Waitz JA. Method for qualitative determination of 2-deoxystreptamine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978; 14:157-8. [PMID: 686706 PMCID: PMC352421 DOI: 10.1128/aac.14.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a qualitative method to assay for the presence of 2-deoxystreptamine in hydrolysates of crude aminoglycoside preparations using a 2-deoxystreptamine-requiring idiotrophic mutant. The assay involves (i) incubation of a 2-deoxystreptamine-requiring mutant with 1 mg of a hydrolyzed preparation from a crude unknown antibiotic mixture per ml, and (ii) examination of the resultant incubation mixture for production of antibiotic(s) by disk assay.
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155
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Munayyer H, Weinstein MJ. Uptake of (methyl-14C)-sisomicin and (methyl-14C)-gentamicin into bacterial cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978; 31:141-6. [PMID: 416011 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.31.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight sensitive strains (two Staphylococcus aureus, two Escherichia coli, two Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two Klebsiella pneumoniae) and four resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used to study uptake of sisomicin and gentamicin by the bacterial cells. In eleven out of the twelve organisms studied employing (methyl-14C)-sisomicin and (methyl-14C)-gentamicin, uptake of the former was found higher that that of the latter. In one organism, the uptake of the two antibiotics was similar. This higher uptake of sisomicin may help explain the superior potency of the antibiotic in relation to gentamicin.
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156
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Lee BK, Bailey JV, Condon RG, Marquez JA, Wagman GH, Weinstein MJ. Biotransformation of sisomicin to gentamicin C2b. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1977; 12:335-8. [PMID: 907326 PMCID: PMC429914 DOI: 10.1128/aac.12.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sisomicin was transformed to gentamicin C(2b) by Micromonospora rhodorangea NRRL 5326. The mechanisms involved in the biotransformation are the 6'-N-methylation and the (4'-5')-reduction. The progression of the methylation was followed by the isotope technique, but the reduction reaction was not monitored.
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157
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Ryu DD, Mukherjee BB, Lee BK. Synthesis and biological activity of (2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-methylamino acetamido-epicillin and cephradine, and (2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-methylacetamido 6-APA. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1977; 30:66-70. [PMID: 557033 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.30.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new penicillins and a new cephalosporin have been synthesized by condensing 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with epicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid and cephradine, and subsequently reducing the SCHIFF bases with NaBH4. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds are also described.
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158
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159
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Wagman GH, Weinstein MJ. Formation of methylated and phosphorylated metabolites during the fermentation process of verdamicin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1976; 10:363-9. [PMID: 984776 PMCID: PMC429748 DOI: 10.1128/aac.10.2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to understand the biosynthetic processes leading to the formation of verdamicin (end product), we have examined the patterns of the formation of methylated and phosphorylated metabolites, which resulted from either the addition of l-[methyl-(14)C]methionine or [(32)P]KH(2)PO(4) to the fermentation. Incorporation of label from l-[methyl-(14)C]methionine into the bioactive sisomicin, verdamicin, and the chromatographically polar components increased with the progression of time. Two methylated bioinactive metabolites were found in the culture broth after removal of the methylated bioactive metabolites. In contrast to the bioactive metabolites, incorporation of the methyl-(14)C label into the two methylated bioinactive metabolites decreased with the progression of time. A phosphorylated bioinactive metabolite (nonmethylated) was also found in the culture broth, fermented in the presence of [(32)P]KH(2)PO(4). The role of the phosphorylated metabolite in the biosynthesis of the bioactive metabolites cannot yet be explained.
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160
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Wagman GH, Weinstein MJ, Katz E. Micromonospora-produced sisomicin components. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1976; 29:677-84. [PMID: 956052 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.29.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A sisomicin fermentation carried out in the presence of (methyl-14C)-L-methionine resulted in a crude mixture, composed of methyl-14C-labeled sisomicin as a major component; and two 4''-C-desmethylsisomicin (66-40B and 66-40D) isomer-like components, an unidentified component and a gentamicin A-like antibiotic as minor components. When (methyl-14C)-L-methionine was added in an early stage of the fermentation (24 hours), incorporation of methyl-14C-label into polar components (e.g., gentamicin A-like antibiotic) preceded that into sisomicin. Chromatographic evidence for the bioconversion of (methyl-14C)-gentamicin A to a radioactive sisomicin-like product (possibly (3''-N-methyl-14C)-sisomicin) was seen, when a Micromonospora blocked mutant was incubated in the presence of the former antibiotic.
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161
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Patel M, Marquez JA, Wagman GH. A method for the biosynthetic preparation of (methyl-14C)rosamicin. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1976; 40:217-221. [PMID: 1270370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1976.tb04168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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162
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Wagman GH, Katz E. Micromonospora-produced gentamicin components. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1976; 9:151-9. [PMID: 1259389 PMCID: PMC429491 DOI: 10.1128/aac.9.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
After the chromatographic separation of [methyl-(14)C]gentamicin major (C) components from a large-scale radioactive fermentation (Lee et al., 1974), [methyl-(14)C]gentamicin minor (polar) components (A, B, B(1), X(2), and G-418) were isolated from subsequent chromatography of the remaining antibiotic mixture. When l-[methyl-(14)C]methionine was added at the onset of biosynthesis of the gentamicin components, incorporation of label into the minor components preceded incorporation into the major components. Degradation occurred when [methyl-(14)C]gentamicin major components (C(1), C(2) and C(1)a) were added respectively to the gentamicin-producing culture medium and shaken.
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163
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Smith GH, Lee BK. Mouse mammary tumor virus polypeptide precursors in intracytoplasmic A particles. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 55:493-6. [PMID: 169380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic A particles were analyzed by immunodiffusion and sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE) before and after enzymatic cleavage with trypsin. A common antigen in A particles was detected by antisera prepared against purified intracytoplasmic A particles, purified mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and a purified MMTV core polypeptide (p28). Despite this correlation, no SDS--polyacrylamide band migrating at p28 was observed in purified intracytoplasmic A particles. However, after incubation with trypsin, A particles subjected to SDS--PAGE produced only two polypeptide bands. They were observed at p28 and p15-10. Ouchterlony analysis of the trypsin-cleaved A particles revealed no alteration in the antigenicity of the particles. These results suggested that some structural components of intracytoplasmic A particles are polypeptide precursors of MMTV core proteins.
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164
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Murawski A, Wagman GH. Incorporation of L-methionine-methyl-14-C into gentamicins. III. Chromatographic separation and degradation of components of methyl-34-C-gentamicin complex. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1975; 28:163-6. [PMID: 1112769 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.28.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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165
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Lee BK, Condon RG, Wagman GH, Byrne K, Schaffner C. Incorporation of L-methionine-methyl-14C into gentamicins. II. Large-scale preparation of methyl-14C-gentamicins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1974; 27:822-5. [PMID: 4452658 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.27.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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166
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Lee BK, Testa RT, Wagman GH, Liu CM, McDaniel L, Schaffner C. Incorporation of L-methionine-methyl-14C into gentamicins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1973; 26:728-31. [PMID: 4792384 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.26.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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167
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Lee BK, Brown WE, Ryu DY, Thoma RW. Sequential 11 -hydroxylation and 1-dehydrogenation of 16 -hydroxycortexolone. Biotechnol Bioeng 1971; 13:503-15. [PMID: 5134546 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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168
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Lee BK, Brown WE, Ryu DY, Jacobson H, Thoma RW. Influence of mode of steroid substrate addition on conversion of steroid and growth characteristics in a mixed culture fermentation. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1970; 61:97-105. [PMID: 5530771 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-61-1-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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169
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170
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171
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Lee BK, Ryu DY, Thoma RW, Brown WE. Induction and repression of steroid hydroxylases and dehydrogenases in mixed culture fermentations. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1969; 55:145-53. [PMID: 5775118 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-55-1-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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172
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Heymann H, Turdiu R, Lee BK, Barkulis SS. A synthesis of uridinediphospho-N-acetylmuramic acid and its use as an acceptor of L-[14C] alanine. Biochemistry 1968; 7:1393-9. [PMID: 5677829 DOI: 10.1021/bi00844a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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173
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Wilkie D, Lee BK. A cytoplasmic factor in the resistance of yeast cells to Actidione and its response to UV-irradiation. Genetica 1965; 36:267-76. [PMID: 5883033 DOI: 10.1007/bf01557159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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