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Chapman GD, Lim CS, Gammon RS, Culp SC, Desper JS, Bauman RP, Swain JL, Stack RS. Gene transfer into coronary arteries of intact animals with a percutaneous balloon catheter. Circ Res 1992; 71:27-33. [PMID: 1606665 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.71.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the vasculature may offer insights into the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and may lead to gene therapy for disorders such as restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty. The goal of this study was to develop a percutaneous method for gene transfer into coronary arteries of intact animals. Liposomes were used to facilitate transfection in coronary arteries with a plasmid containing the cDNA encoding luciferase. This reporter was chosen since it is not expressed in mammalian cells, and it can be quantified using a sensitive assay (light production). Mongrel dogs were catheterized, and DNA was delivered to coronary arteries via a porous perfusion balloon system. Luciferase expression was measured 3-5 days after the procedure, when the dogs were killed. Luciferase activity in control arteries (n = 12) was no higher than average background activity. Eight of 12 transfected arteries exhibited gene expression, averaging 4.3 +/- 2.1 pg luciferase (p less than 0.01, transfected versus control arteries). In addition, the ability to transfect DNA into femoral arteries without a transfection vehicle was tested. Five dogs were subjected to surgical transfection attempts in their femoral arteries with either DNA alone or DNA plus liposomes. Luciferase was expressed in all 10 femoral arteries; those treated with DNA alone expressed 35.6 +/- 8 pg luciferase, and those treated with DNA plus liposomes expressed 42.3 +/- 14 pg luciferase (p = 0.70). These results demonstrate the use of a percutaneous catheter to achieve gene transfer and expression in coronary arteries of intact dogs and suggest that the efficiency of intra-arterial gene transfer may be similar whether or not a transfection vehicle is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C
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302
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Abstract
Geometric line drawings were presented to normal subjects in the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) at various degrees of rotation from a centrally presented vertical standard. The task of the subject was to indicate with a reaction time (RT) response whether the laterally presented stimulus could be rotated into the vertical standard or if it was a rotated mirror image of the standard. In Study 1, an overall right hemisphere superiority was found for RT and accuracy on match trials. Most interestingly, interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle for the match accuracy data and between Visual Field and Direction of Rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the match RT slopes were found. These interactions suggested that clockwise rotations were more readily performed in the LVF and counterclockwise rotations in the RVF, consistent with other literature for mental rotation. The purpose of Study 2 was to replicate this finding of visual field differences for rotation direction using a design in which direction and degree of rotation were varied orthogonally. No main effect of Visual Field was found. However, significant interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle were found for both RT and accuracy, confirming the presence of visual field differences for rotation direction in a new sample of subjects. These differences were discussed in terms of the possibly greater relevance of medially directed stimuli and a possible hemispheric bias for rotation direction, and in terms of interhemispheric transmission factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Burton
- Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, New York Hospital, NY 10021
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303
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Abstract
Forearm hemodynamics using pulsed Doppler flowmetry were studied in nine healthy volunteers and 12 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension before and after acute oral administration of the beta-blocking and vasodilating agent carvedilol. Both the 25- and the 50-mg dose produced a significant blood pressure reduction by comparison with placebo in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Only the 50-mg dose caused a decrease in forearm vascular resistance in hypertensive subjects. The decrease disappeared after wrist occlusion. Although brachial artery diameter did not change, a significant decrease in tangential tension was observed. This study provides evidence that carvedilol produced arteriolar dilation within the forearm of hypertensive subjects in association with a decrease in brachial artery tangential tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cournot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM U 337), Broussais Hospital, Paris, France
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304
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Abstract
In the base of each temporal lobe in 4 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) we sectioned the pia mater in an antero-posterior line along the most medial part of the inferior temporal visual association cortex (area TE), lateral to the parahippocampal cortex. This pial section interrupts the blood flow in branches of the posterior cerebral artery which cross the parahippocampal gyrus en route to area TE. Histologically, the brains of 2 of these animals did not show any abnormalities in cresyl violet stained material, apart from the small cortical damage along the line of the pial section itself. Of the remaining two animals, one had a small unilateral infarct in TE and one had bilateral infarcts in TE. All of these animals were impaired in visual discrimination learning, and the severity of impairment was correlated only imperfectly with the severity of infarction. These results show that pial section along the medial boundary of area TE can affect visual discrimination learning without producing large infarcts. Further, since aspiration lesions of the hippocampal formation require the pia mater to be sectioned in a similar way to that reported here, the effects of such aspiration lesions on visual learning and memory may be mediated in part by effects on TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK
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305
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown significant alterations in serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration in epileptic patients, the major protein to which basic drugs bind in serum. To date, there have been no reports in the literature investigating the effects of generalized seizures as a result of repeatedly administered electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on this serum protein. As the cyclic antidepressants are basic drugs that bind avidly to AGP, an alteration of AGP concentration by ECT could represent a mechanism of interaction between two somatic treatments for depression. We therefore determined the serial AGP concentrations of 10 patients undergoing repeated ECT. AGP concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion on serum samples obtained at each treatment session (course of treatment ranged from 4 to 12 sessions over 8 to 32 days). The mean (SD) AGP concentrations prior to and at the end of ECT were 88.7 (18.3) mg/dl and 97.8 (24.8) mg/dl, respectively. Variability in AGP concentration was observed over the course of treatments with no consistent trend (intrapatient coefficients of variation averaged 11.5%). These data suggest that serial ECT does not produce consistent, significant changes in serum AGP concentrations and should have limited effects on altering the serum protein binding and, therefore, pharmacological effects of concurrently administered cyclic antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L DeVane
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida, Gainesville
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307
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Lim CS, Chapman GD, Gammon RS, Muhlestein JB, Bauman RP, Stack RS, Swain JL. Direct in vivo gene transfer into the coronary and peripheral vasculatures of the intact dog. Circulation 1991; 83:2007-11. [PMID: 1904013 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.83.6.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches have been suggested for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Recently, direct transfer of the gene encoding beta-galactosidase into peripheral arteries of the pig has been demonstrated. To determine whether this approach is applicable to other arterial beds and to other species, we first evaluated the use of beta-galactosidase as a marker protein in the canine model. We demonstrate that variable but substantial endogenous beta-galactosidase-like activity is induced by manipulation of canine peripheral arteries, which precludes the use of this marker protein in evaluating the efficiency of gene transfer in this model. A marker gene encoding firefly luciferase was then evaluated, and background luciferase activity was found to be low in the dog even after arterial manipulation. Using the luciferase gene, we then demonstrated lipid-mediated gene transfer directly into both coronary and peripheral arteries of the intact dog. These results indicate the feasibility of in vivo gene transfer into coronary arteries and demonstrate the use of the luciferase marker protein in quantifying recombinant protein expression following gene transfer in canine models. This simple and effective method for direct in vivo gene transfer into coronary and peripheral arteries may be applicable to the localized production of therapeutically important proteins for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710
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309
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Abstract
Sublingual salivary acini and submandibular tissue were incubated in DMEM medium in the presence of various concentrations (0-5%) of ethanol and the content of the three major prostaglandins, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were determined by radioimmunoassay. In In the sublingual gland, ethanol caused a decrease in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels, but had no effect on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, while all three prostaglandins were affected in the submandibular gland. At 2.5% ethanol, the production of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in sublingual gland decreased by 10% and reached maximum inhibition at 5% ethanol, at which concentration there was a 20 and 30% decrease in their levels. In submandibular gland, 2.5% ethanol caused a 20% decrease in PGE2, 30% in PGF2 alpha and 50% in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; 40% inhibition in PGE2, 57% in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 65% in PGF2 alpha occurred in the presence of 5% ethanol. These findings suggest that alcohol impairs the function of salivary glands by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wu-Wang
- Research Center, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103
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Lecomte JM, Baumer P, Lim C, Duchier J, Cournot A, Dussaule JC, Ardaillou R, Gros C, Chaignon B, Souque A. Stereoselective protection of exogenous and endogenous atrial natriuretic factor by enkephalinase inhibitors in mice and humans. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 179:65-73. [PMID: 2163851 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90402-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We compared the relative potencies of sinorphan and retorphan, the S- and R-enantiomers of acetorphan a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.34.11), to inhibit membrane metalloendopeptidase in vivo and to protect exogenous and endogenous ANF after oral administration. In mice, sinorphan was 2-3 fold as potent as retorphan in inhibiting the specific in vivo binding of [3H]acetorphan to kidney enkephalinase. The same potency ratio was found for the enhancement of trichloroacetic acid-precipitated radioactivity in kidneys of mice that had received 125I-ANF, which is used as a test for the protection of the hormone against inactivation in vivo. In nine healthy human volunteers who had received a low oral dosage of sinorphan or retorphan in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, sinorphan was also 2-3 fold more potent than retorphan in inhibiting plasma enkephalinase activity. These effects were accompanied by a related rise in plasma ANF immunoreactivity, which also reflected the difference in the effectiveness of the two compounds. Sinorphan was also more potent than retorphan in enhancing urinary cyclic GMP excretion and sodium excretion in five of these subjects. These data indicate that, in humans as in rodents, enkephalinase plays a crucial role in the inactivation of ANF, its partial inhibition in vivo being accompanied by a significant protection of the exogenous or endogenous hormone as well as by typical ANF-like responses. Thus orally administered sinorphan appears to be a promising compound for therapeutic use in cardiovascular and renal diseases in which ANF has been postulated to exert beneficial effects.
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313
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Lim CS, Spear RH, Vermeer WJ, Fewell MP. Possible discontinuity in octupole behavior in the Pt-Hg region. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 39:1142-1144. [PMID: 9955306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.39.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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314
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Abstract
The N = 84 nuclei 142Ce and 144Nd have been Coulomb-excited using 4He, 12C and 160 projectiles. Scattered particles were detected at a mean laboratory angle of 170.6� with an annular silicon surface-barrier detector. The static quadrupole moment f the 2t state was determined for both nuclei. In addition, various electromagnetic transition probabilities involving the 2~, 2~, 1 and 4t states were measured. Taken in conjunction with previous information, the results show that the properties of 142Ce nd 144Nd are well described by the vibrational U(S) limit of IBM-2, and strongly support the proposition that the 2~ level in each nucleus is an essentially pure one d-boson mixed-symmetry state.
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315
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Vermeer WJ, Lim CS, Spear RH. Mixed symmetry in the vibrational nucleus 142Ce. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 38:2982-2984. [PMID: 9955150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.38.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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316
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Avouac B, Lim C, Broutin E, Poterre M, Jube L. [Good clinical practice. General principles. Experience of a pharmaceutical laboratory]. Therapie 1988; 43:457-60. [PMID: 3227511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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317
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318
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Lim CS, Ong CN, Phoon WO. Work stress of firemen as measured by heart rate and catecholamine. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo) 1987; 16:209-18. [PMID: 3503086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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319
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Abstract
Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C-2, frequently referred to as the hangman's fracture, is typically regarded as a hyperextension injury with rare neurologic sequelae by virtue of decompression of the neural canal. The authors retrospectively evaluated their radiographic experience with this injury in 27 patients over a 24-month period. Lateral cervical spine studies and computed tomography (CT) scans (21 patients) were analyzed. CT studies provided better delineation of the fracture in all 21 patients and significant additional information in five patients (24%). Seven patients (26%) suffered initial neurologic sequelae in association with the C-2 injury. Nine patients had additional sites of fracture, including seven with associated C-1 ring disruption (26%). Extension of the fracture line into the transverse vertebral artery foramen led to vertebral artery injury and cerebellar embolization in one patient. Angiography may be necessary to detect intimal injury to the vertebral arteries when the fracture extends through the transverse foramina and to indicate the need for anticoagulation when clinically feasible.
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320
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321
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Walker MJ, Lim C, Das Gupta TK, Beattie CW. Effects of glucocorticoids on the growth of human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. Cancer Res 1986; 46:4927-32. [PMID: 3756854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 exhibits rapid growth following s.c. inoculation in 4-6-week-old male athymic mice. Cytosols from tumors carried in athymic mice bind glucocorticoid (Kd, 1.8 +/- 0.48 X 10(-8) M; Bmax, 240.5 +/- 35.3 fmol/mg cytosol protein, mean +/- SEM). Receptor sediments primarily in the 8-9S region on 5-20% sucrose gradients and is specific for the glucocorticoids. HT-1080 growth in vitro (as measured by cell count) was inhibited over a range of 10(-6)-10(-8) M after 7 days of incubation with dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide. Progesterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone had no effect on HT-1080 growth in vitro. Preincubation with a 100-fold excess of progesterone reversed the growth inhibition observed with triamcinolone acetonide but not dexamethasone acetate. HT-1080 tumor cell growth responded biphasically to dexamethasone in vivo. Athymic mice given s.c. injections every other day with 5 or 25 micrograms dexamethasone showed an increase in tumor size inversely proportional to dose. In contrast, 200 micrograms of dexamethasone significantly inhibited tumor growth. Adrenalectomy did not significantly alter HT-1080 growth or glucocorticoid binding to tumor cytosols (Kd, 3.4 X 10(-8) +/- 1.1, Bmax, 236.9 +/- 9.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein, mean +/- SEM) although tumor incidence was decreased in sham adrenalectomized mice. Glucocorticoid binding in tumors grown in vivo was decreased by increasing amounts of dexamethasone. High pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids inhibit the growth of human fibrosarcomas in vivo and in vitro.
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322
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Freedman J, Lim C, Wright J. Changing patterns of transfusion practice in a tertiary care hospital from 1977 to 1984. Can Anaesth Soc J 1986; 33:458-65. [PMID: 3742318 DOI: 10.1007/bf03010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of blood transfusion practice over an eight-year-period (1977-1984) are described. Use of blood and blood products increased annually as did the number of patients crossmatched and transfused. Programs such as the "Blood Group & Antibody Screen" and the "Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule" were important in improving transfusion practices. There was improvement in blood use by all subspecialties; the overall C:T (crossmatched:transfused blood) ratio declined from 4.4 to 2.8. Approximately a quarter of both crossmatches performed and transfusions of red cells were associated with cardiac surgery. Incidence of outdated units of blood declined markedly (2.6 per cent in 1984), as did requests for and administration of single unit transfusions. Seven per cent of patients received one unit of blood during hospitalization; since 85 per cent of these were associated with surgery (57 per cent cardiac surgery), it is suggested that single unit transfusions may sometimes be more appropriate than inappropriate. Two per cent of patients had clinically significant alloantibodies. About two per cent of patients had positive direct antiglobulin tests; nine per cent of the sera of these patients contained both auto and alloantibodies. Such data are important for transfusion quality assurance as well as for optimal logistical use of facilities both at hospital Blood Bank and blood collection agency levels.
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323
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324
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Botella FJ, Lim CS. Flavor-changing Yukawa coupling in the standard model and muon polarization in KL--> micro micro-bar. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:1651-1654. [PMID: 10032733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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325
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326
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Chau LL, Lim CS. Geometrical constraints and equations of motion in extended supergravity. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:294-297. [PMID: 10033150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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327
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Karmali MA, Petric M, Lim C, Cheung R, Arbus GS. Sensitive method for detecting low numbers of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in mixed cultures by use of colony sweeps and polymyxin extraction of verotoxin. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22:614-9. [PMID: 3908473 PMCID: PMC268478 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.22.4.614-619.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High titers of Verotoxin (VT) were released from cell pellets of VT-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; corresponding to E. coli strains producing "high" levels of Shiga-like toxin) after incubation in polymyxin B (0.1 mg/ml) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Maximal titers of polymyxin-releasable VT occurred in cells obtained from 5-h Penassay broth cultures and were up to eightfold higher than the peak culture supernatant VT titers which occurred in 8-h cultures. Polymyxin-releasable cell extracts of 5-h broth cultures inoculated with mixtures of VT-positive (VT+) and VT-negative strains had easily detectable VT titers when the proportion of VT+ cells in the mixture was about 1.0%, but culture supernatants were negative for VT even when this proportion was 20%. The results were the same whether the initial inoculum consisted of broth culture mixtures of VT+ and VT-negative strains or colony sweeps (loopfuls of confluent bacterial growth) taken from solid plate media previously inoculated with the broth mixtures. In a clinical study, 80 stool cultures from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome and family contacts with diarrhea were tested for free fecal VT, VT in polymyxin extracts of colony sweeps (VT/PECS), and VTEC (examination of 20 separate E. coli colonies from primary media for VT production). Of the 80 samples, 40 were positive for at least one of these three tests; all 40 were positive for free fecal VT, and 20 of these were positive for VT/PECS. VTEC (as few as 1 colony out of 20) were only isolated from 14 of the 20 cultures that were positive for VT/PECS. In six cases, the VT/PECS was positive even when none of 20 colonies tested were VT+, suggesting that the procedure was able to detect a proportion of VTEC that was less than one in 20(5%). We conclude that the VT/PECS method is highly sensitive for detecting low concentrations of VTEC in stools and provides a rapid method for screening out stools that are negative for VTEC. The technique should also be of value in epidemiological studies for detecting low numbers of VTEC in animal feces, foods, and environmental samples.
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329
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Karmali MA, Petric M, Lim C, Fleming PC, Arbus GS, Lior H. The association between idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1985; 151:775-82. [PMID: 3886804 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/151.5.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty pediatric patients with idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were investigated for evidence of infection by Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Fecal VTEC (belonging to at least six different O serogroups including O26, O111, O113, O121, O145, and O157) or specifically neutralizable free-fecal Verotoxin (VT) or both were detected in 24 (60%) patients but were not detected in 40 matched controls. Ten of 15 of the former developed fourfold or greater rises in VT-neutralizing antibody titers, as did six other patients who were negative for both fecal VTEC and VT. A total of 30 (75%) patients had evidence of VTEC infection by one or more criteria. We concluded that a significant association exists between idiopathic HUS and infection by VTEC. The detection of free-fecal VT was the most important procedure for the early diagnosis of this infection because, in our study, VTEC were never isolated in the absence of fecal VT, whereas fecal VT was often present even when VTEC were undetectable.
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330
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Abstract
A study of maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was conducted in Singapore between June 1980 and June 1982. HBsAg carrier rate was highest among Chinese (6.2%) followed by Malay (2.3%) and Indian (0.6%) mothers. The presence of HBeAg in maternal sera correlated well with high titre HBsAg (p = 7.34 X 10(-5)). Overall HBV transmission occurred in 27/56 (48.2%) infants from carrier mothers. The majority of the transmission was perinatal. There was a very strong correlation between transmission and HBeAg status of the mother (p = 1.85 X 10(-9); odds ratio = 68.44) and to a lesser extent with high titre HBsAg (p = 0.002; odds ratio = 6.38). A strong negative correlation was seen between transmission and anti-HBeAg (p = 8.19 X 10(-7); odds ratio = 0.04). At one year 19 (70.4%) infants were still HBsAg positive while seven (25.9%) lost the antigenemia and acquired anti-HBsAg and one developed HBsAg after one year. It could be calculated that perinatal HBV transmission contributed about 18% to the total pool of HBsAg positive infants of one year of age.
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331
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Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the health effects of rice husk dust in Malaysian rice millers. The study population consisted of 122 male Malay workers from three rice mills, with 42 controls of similar age, sex, ethnic group, and agricultural work background. Interviews using standardised questionnaires, physical examination, total and differential white cell counts, chest radiographs, and lung function tests were performed on each of the millers and the controls. Environmental dust monitoring was also carried out in the three rice mills. Clinical, haematological, and radiological findings suggest that a distinct clinical syndrome seems to be associated with exposure to rice husk dust. The manifestations of this "rice millers' syndrome" include acute and chronic irritant effects affecting the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract; allergic responses such as nasal catarrh, tightness of chest, asthma, and eosinophilia; and radiological opacities in the chest, probably representing early silicosis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
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332
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Lim CS, Waite IM, Craft M, Dickinson J, Croucher R. An investigation into the response of subjects to a plaque control programme as influenced by friends and relatives. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11:432-42. [PMID: 6589242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1984.tb01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the response of patients to a course of instruction in plaque control as influenced by friends and relatives. The subjects in the study were 41 patients who had been referred to a dental hospital for treatment. There was a major reduction in plaque and gingivitis levels in the subjects at both the 10th and 14th weeks of the study. There was a greater proportional reduction in gingivitis levels in those subjects who had a higher number of reported discussions with their friends. The effect of discussions with members of the family was less clear. Lower values for gingivitis levels at 10 weeks were associated with a higher number of discussions with parents. However the levels of gingivitis tended to be adversely affected by discussions between the subjects and their spouses. The importance of recognising the influence of family and friendship networks needs to be understood when preventive programmes are designed, especially where high levels of self-care are sought as outcomes. Further work is in progress on a group of office workers being treated in a dental practice environment. This will allow the type of advice being obtained from the various contacts to be investigated in more detail.
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333
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Pratt R, Lim C, Crooke M. Post-myocardial injury syndrome suggested by cardiac enzyme profile. Clin Chem 1984; 30:1112. [PMID: 6723032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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334
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Pratt R, Lim C, Crooke M. Post-myocardial injury syndrome suggested by cardiac enzyme profile. Clin Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/30.6.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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335
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336
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Karmali MA, Steele BT, Petric M, Lim C. Sporadic cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools. Lancet 1983; 1:619-20. [PMID: 6131302 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A cytotoxin active on Vero cells, less active on hela cells, and inactive on WI38 cells (Vero toxin [VT]) was detected in stool isolates of Escherichia coli from 8 of 15 sporadic cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Stools from 5 of these 8 patients were examined for faecal VT activity, and all were positive. Of the 7 of 15 patients who did not have VT+ E. coli, 2 were positive for faecal VT, and a third (patient K) had strong serological evidence of VT+ E. coli infection. 2 HUS patients, including patient F, had siblings with uncomplicated diarrhoea who had both VT+ E. coli in the stools and faecal VT activity. Thus 11 of 15 (73%) of the HUS cases had evidence of infection by VT+ E. coli, suggesting that there was an association between these organisms and these cases of HUS. The clustering of 2 HUS patients and their siblings with VT+ E. coli accords with this suggestion, as do the rising titres of VT-neutralising antibody in 2 HUS patients.
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Blunt JW, Coxon JM, Lim C, Schuyt HA. On the formation of ethoxy alcohols from reaction of trans-1,2-Epoxy-3-methyl-1,3-diphenylbutane and 1,2-Epoxyoctane with boron trifluoride etherate. Aust J Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9830097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of trans-1,2-epoxy-3-methyl-1,3-diphenylbutane
(1) with boron trifluoride etherate
in benzene gave 3-methyl-2,3-diphenylbutanal (3), shown by deuterium labelling
experiments to be formed by C1-O cleavage and alkyl migration, and (1RS,2RS)-l-ethoxy-3-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-
butan-2-ol (16) in a process involving retention of configuration at Cl. In
ether as solvent the epoxide gave, in addition to aldehyde (3) and ethoxy alcohol
(16), 3-methyl-1,3-diphenylbutan-2-one (11) and vinyl ethers (19) and (20).
Reaction of 1,2-epoxyoctane (17a) with boron trifluoride
etherate in ether gave 1-ethoxyoctan-2-ol (18a) shown
by deuterium labelling experiments to be formed by inversion of configuration
at C1. The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
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338
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McLennan DJ, Lim C. Eliminations promoted by weak bases. IX. Stereochemistry of olefin formation from trans-2-Phenylcyclopentyl p-bromobenzenesulfonate promoted by lithium chloride in acetone. Aust J Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9831821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parker, Winstein,
and their coworkers have previously established that in the E2C elimination of
trans-2-phenylcyclopentyl p-bromobenzenesulfonate induced by Bu4NCl in
acetone some 9% of the olefinic product is produced
by a syn-elimination.
In view of the current idea that syn-eliminations in solution are assisted by association of
the base with its counterion, the stereochemistry of
the reaction induced by lithium chloride in acetone has been studied. There is
no increase in the amount of syn-elimination, and kinetic analysis reveals that lithium
chloride ion pairs are completely unreactive.
1-Phenylcyclopentene is not produced by rate-limiting attack of chloride ion on
a preformed symmetrical phenonium ion pair. These
results do not serve to distinguish between two alternative models of the E2C transition state.
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339
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Lim C, Chia CM, Ratnam SS. Artificial insemination with donor semen: an analysis of 53 recorded pregnancies in 50 patients. Singapore Med J 1982; 23:198-200. [PMID: 7178903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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340
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Lim C, Thuillier M, Gandrille MC, Reynier J. [Study of cellular immunity using Rebuck's skin-window (author's transl)]. Sem Hop 1982; 58:1456. [PMID: 6287610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Value of a modification of Rebuck's skin-window in cellular immunity studies. The mononuclear/polynuclear ratio is determined at given time-intervals. The increase in the number of macrophages as well as their kinetics can be pictured on a diagram, comparatively to the corresponding results in controls. This test appears to provide a means of assessing the activity of a malignant disorder.
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341
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Lim C, Rauff M, Goh VH, Ratnam SS. Hyperprolactinemia in subfertile patients -- an analysis of twenty-nine cases. Singapore Med J 1981; 22:347-9. [PMID: 7336208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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342
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Lim C, Leong KE, Wong YM, Rauff M, Ratnam SS. A longitudinal study of fetal biparietal diameter measurements in Chinese women. Singapore Med J 1981; 22:305-7. [PMID: 7344096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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343
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Lim CS, Miller JN, Bridges JW. Energy-transfer immunoassay: a study of the experimental parameters in an assay for human serum albumin. Anal Biochem 1980; 108:176-84. [PMID: 7457855 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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344
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O'neill WD, Lim C. Estimation of an equilibrium model for Singapore fertility. Malay Econ Rev 1980; 25:19-35. [PMID: 12311973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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345
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Lim C. Health care for Singapore's school children. Nurs J Singapore 1979; 19:3-6. [PMID: 258317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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346
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Abstract
Channel catfish fingerlings fed purified diets devoid of vitamin C showed reduced growth rate, deformed spinal columns, external and internal hemorrhages, erosion of fins, dark skin color and reduced bone collagen content after 8 to 12 weeks, whereas fish fed a diet containing 30 mg/kg of vitamin C had none of these anomalies after 22 weeks. A dietary level of 30 mg of vitamin C per kg was insufficient to prevent distortion of gill filament cartilage, although 60 mg of vitamin C per kg was sufficient. Vertebral collagen percentages of 25 or below and liver ascorbic acid levels of 30 microgram/g or below appeared to be indicative of vitamin C deficiency in channel catfish fingerlings. Epidermis and dermis were almost completely healed and extensive collagen fiber formation had commenced in the somatic muscle, in experimentally inflicted wounds after 10 days in fish fed the vitamin C-free diet. Skin and muscle at the wound site were almost regenerated to normal after 10 days in fish fed 60 mg of vitamin C per kg of diet.
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347
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Wong HB, Chay SO, Woon F, Tye CY, Lim C. Anthropometric studies on Singapore children: III: Pubertal studies on Singapore children. J Singapore Paediatr Soc 1977; 19:217-32. [PMID: 616474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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348
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Coxon JM, Lim C. Rearrangements of ethylene oxide derivatives. Stereoselectivity of the prochiral C1 hydrogens in the boron trifluoride catalysed rearrangement of 1,2-epoxyoctane. Aust J Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9771137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The boron trifluoride
catalysed rearrangement of 1,2-epoxyoctane to give octanal proceeds by selective
(c. 1.4 : 1) migration of the prochiral hydrogen trans to the alkyl group.
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