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Seideman P, Lohrer F, Graham GG, Duncan MW, Williams KM, Day RO. The stereoselective disposition of the enantiomers of ibuprofen in blood, blister and synovial fluid. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 38:221-7. [PMID: 7826823 PMCID: PMC1364793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. A sensitive, stereospecific assay using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was established to measure the concentrations of the enantiomers of ibuprofen in small volumes (50 microliters) of blister fluid. 2. The concentrations of the enantiomers in blister fluid, assessed in eight patients, were similar to those in synovial fluid, both fluids behaving as peripheral compartments with respect to plasma. 3. The mean rate constants of transfer of R-ibuprofen into (0.14 +/- 0.06 h-1) and out of (0.20 +/- 0.04 h-1) blister fluid were not significantly different from those for synovial fluid (0.19 +/- 0.12 h-1, 0.34 +/- 0.11 h-1, respectively). Similarly, the mean rate constants of transfer of S-ibuprofen into (0.22 +/- 0.07 h-1) and out of (0.27 +/- 0.08 h-1) blister fluid were not significantly different from those for synovial fluid (0.29 +/- 0.10, 0.36 +/- 0.11 h-1). However, the correlations were poor between the transfer constants for each of the enantiomers between plasma, and both blister and synovial fluid (P > 0.2). 4. The complex rate constant of transfer of S-ibuprofen into blister fluid (0.22 +/- 0.07 h-1) was greater than that of R-ibuprofen (0.14 +/- 0.07 h-1), which may be explained by the lesser protein binding of the S-enantiomer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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152
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Marshall T, Williams J, Williams KM. Electrophoresis of human serum proteins following acute myocardial infarction. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:312S. [PMID: 7821571 DOI: 10.1042/bst022312s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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153
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Williams KM, Marshall T. Electrophoretic analysis of stimulated cat parotid saliva. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:311S. [PMID: 7821570 DOI: 10.1042/bst022311s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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154
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Williams KM. When is a "private" conversation "public" disclosure? BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1994; 12:523-5. [PMID: 7764712 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0594-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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155
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Wen J, Wang J, Kuipers JG, Huang F, Williams KM, Raybourne RB, Yu DT. Analysis of HLA-B*2705 peptide motif, using T2 cells and monoclonal antibody ME1. Immunogenetics 1994; 39:444-6. [PMID: 7910590 DOI: 10.1007/bf00176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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156
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Williams KM. How to avoid patent infringement. BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1994; 12:297-8. [PMID: 7764492 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0394-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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157
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Fukazawa T, Wang J, Huang F, Wen J, Tyan D, Williams KM, Raybourne RB, Yu DT. Testing the importance of each residue in a HLA-B27-binding peptide using monoclonal antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
When a peptide derived from histone 3.3 was incubated with mouse L cells transfected with HLA-B27, the cells became highly reactive with Ye-2, an anti-HLA-B27 mAb. The critical residues were analyzed by testing analogues in which each of the nine residues in the peptide was consecutively substituted by 19 other amino acids. The conclusions were separately verified using a different HLA-B27-positive cell line. The ability of some of these peptides to bind to HLA-B27 was also assayed by their ability to stabilize HLA-B27 in a mutant cell line which required HLA-B27-binding peptides to express HLA-B27 at 37 degrees C. These experiments showed that in P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, and P9, all 20 different amino acids could be substituted without eliminating the ability of the analogues to bind to HLA-B27. The residues which were responsible for the HLA-B27-peptide complex reacting with the Ye-2 antibody were P8 and P9. The latter might mediate its effect by altering either the surface conformation of the closely associated HLA-B27 heavy chain or the conformation of the peptide itself.
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158
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Kellner H, Wen J, Wang J, Raybourne RB, Williams KM, Yu DT. Serum antibodies from patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome are reactive with HLA-B27 cells transfected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp60 gene. Infect Immun 1994; 62:484-91. [PMID: 7905462 PMCID: PMC186133 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.2.484-491.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-B27-related arthritis is probably mediated by an immune response against HLA-B27 complexed with peptides derived from proteins of arthritis-causing bacteria. Immunogenic proteins with a high degree of homology among bacteria, such as in the hsp60 family, are likely candidates. To create such complexes experimentally, we transfected an HLA-B27 cell line with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp60 gene. Because of previous observations that HLA-B27-peptide complexes can be distinguished by antibodies, we tested the transfected cell line with a panel of sera from 24 HLA-B27+ arthritis patients. Significant antibodies were detected in at least eight of the sera. Several cell lines and peptides were used as negative controls to ensure that the antibody reactivity was specific to HLA-B27-peptide complexes. A panel of nine peptides derived from the sequence of the Mycobacterium hsp60 were synthesized and tested. At least three were identified as being responsible for the serological activities.
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159
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Wang J, Yu DT, Fukazawa T, Kellner H, Wen J, Cheng XK, Roth G, Williams KM, Raybourne RB. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of peptides. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 152:1197-205. [PMID: 8301124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The T2 mutant cell line is unable to load peptides into the MHC class I Ags inside the cells. These "empty" MHC class I Ags are not expressed on the cell surface unless the cells are cultured at low temperatures. Expression will occur at 37 degrees C only in the presence of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I Ags. T2 cells transfected with the B*2705 gene were tested with a panel of anti-HLA-B27 mAb. Two of the antibodies, ME1 and KS3, reacted with the "empty" HLA-B27 expressed at low culture temperatures. Three antibodies, B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2, were unreactive with these "empty" HLA-B27. The cells were then incubated with a panel of HLA-B27-binding peptides. One of the antibodies, Ye-2, became reactive when the cells were incubated with a peptide derived from HIV gp120 and to a less degree with a peptide derived from histone H3.3. Mouse L cells transfected with the B*2705 and the human beta 2m genes also reacted very poorly with B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2. Those two peptides were also able to induce high increase in Ye-2 reactivity. Alternately, increase in Ye-2 reactivity was also observed when the L cells were incubated with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. These experiments indicate that the Ye-2 anti-HLA-B27 mAb recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of certain residing peptides either added exogenously or expressed endogenously. The B27.M1 and B27.M2 antibodies might share similar characteristics.
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160
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Fukazawa T, Wang J, Huang F, Wen J, Tyan D, Williams KM, Raybourne RB, Yu DT. Testing the importance of each residue in a HLA-B27-binding peptide using monoclonal antibodies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 152:1190-6. [PMID: 8301123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
When a peptide derived from histone 3.3 was incubated with mouse L cells transfected with HLA-B27, the cells became highly reactive with Ye-2, an anti-HLA-B27 mAb. The critical residues were analyzed by testing analogues in which each of the nine residues in the peptide was consecutively substituted by 19 other amino acids. The conclusions were separately verified using a different HLA-B27-positive cell line. The ability of some of these peptides to bind to HLA-B27 was also assayed by their ability to stabilize HLA-B27 in a mutant cell line which required HLA-B27-binding peptides to express HLA-B27 at 37 degrees C. These experiments showed that in P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, and P9, all 20 different amino acids could be substituted without eliminating the ability of the analogues to bind to HLA-B27. The residues which were responsible for the HLA-B27-peptide complex reacting with the Ye-2 antibody were P8 and P9. The latter might mediate its effect by altering either the surface conformation of the closely associated HLA-B27 heavy chain or the conformation of the peptide itself.
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161
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Wang J, Yu DT, Fukazawa T, Kellner H, Wen J, Cheng XK, Roth G, Williams KM, Raybourne RB. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of peptides. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The T2 mutant cell line is unable to load peptides into the MHC class I Ags inside the cells. These "empty" MHC class I Ags are not expressed on the cell surface unless the cells are cultured at low temperatures. Expression will occur at 37 degrees C only in the presence of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I Ags. T2 cells transfected with the B*2705 gene were tested with a panel of anti-HLA-B27 mAb. Two of the antibodies, ME1 and KS3, reacted with the "empty" HLA-B27 expressed at low culture temperatures. Three antibodies, B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2, were unreactive with these "empty" HLA-B27. The cells were then incubated with a panel of HLA-B27-binding peptides. One of the antibodies, Ye-2, became reactive when the cells were incubated with a peptide derived from HIV gp120 and to a less degree with a peptide derived from histone H3.3. Mouse L cells transfected with the B*2705 and the human beta 2m genes also reacted very poorly with B27.M1, B27.M2, and Ye-2. Those two peptides were also able to induce high increase in Ye-2 reactivity. Alternately, increase in Ye-2 reactivity was also observed when the L cells were incubated with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. These experiments indicate that the Ye-2 anti-HLA-B27 mAb recognizes HLA-B27 in the context of certain residing peptides either added exogenously or expressed endogenously. The B27.M1 and B27.M2 antibodies might share similar characteristics.
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162
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Day RO, Geisslinger G, Paull P, Williams KM. Neither cimetidine nor probenecid affect the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in normal volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 37:79-81. [PMID: 8148224 PMCID: PMC1364715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of pretreatment with cimetidine (1 g day-1, 7 days) and of probenecid (1 g twice daily, 4 days) on the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (single oral dose, 20 mg) was studied in six healthy volunteers. Cmax was increased significantly when tenoxicam was given with probenecid (2.8 micrograms ml-1 alone, 3.5 micrograms ml-1 after probenecid; P < 0.005). No other pharmacokinetic parameters were altered significantly by either drug. It is concluded that neither cimetidine nor probenecid affects the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in a clinically important way.
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163
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Schmidt N, Brune K, Williams KM, Geisslinger G. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of methadone in beagle dogs. Chirality 1994; 6:492-5. [PMID: 7946975 DOI: 10.1002/chir.530060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of methadone were studied in beagle dogs (n = 4) following intravenous administration of the racemate (0.5 mg/kg) and of the individual (R)-(0.25 mg/kg) and (S)-enantiomers (0.25 mg/kg) using a stereospecific HPLC assay. There was no significant difference between the pharmacokinetic parameters of (R)-methadone and (S)-methadone following administration of the individual enantiomers. Stereoselective differences were evident following administration of the racemate (P values for differences in AUC and CL were 0.01 and 0.046, respectively) and the clearance of the (S)-enantiomer was increased when administered as part of the racemate (316 +/- 81 vs 487 +/- 128 ml/min, P = 0.04). The data suggest that stereoselective disposition including potential enantiomer-enantiomer interactions should be considered in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies of (R,S)-methadone.
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164
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Marshall T, Williams KM, Ekström J, Tobin G, Bayard C, Vesterberg O. Electrophoretic analysis of stimulated cat parotid saliva. Electrophoresis 1993; 14:1328-32. [PMID: 8137798 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501401204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The proteins of parasympathetically stimulated cat parotid saliva were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). SDS-PAGE revealed up to 30 polypeptide bands in microliter volumes of unconcentrated saliva. The patterns were highly reproducible and characterized by prominent bands of M(r) 57,000, M(r) 30,000 and M(r) 15,000. The major protein (M(r) 30,000) appeared as a dimer (M(r) 60,000) when electrophoresed under non-reducing conditions but dissociated into its monomeric form when the SDS concentration of the denatured samples was increased from 1 to 5%. This indicates a noncovalent association. The protein patterns of saliva from different cats differed slightly but sequential samples from the same cat (collected during 90 min of stimulation) showed little change in protein pattern apart from a fall in total protein content. Following 2-DE, the major protein (M(r) 30,000) appeared as a complex array of at least eight spots in two tiers (pI 5.2-6.2; M(r) 28,000 and 32,000). The characteristics of this protein are discussed with reference to allergy to cats.
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165
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Ioannou G, Thorpe RJ, MacKechnie SG, Hobbs JM, Williams KM. Duplex sonography in detection of renal artery stenosis: a simplified approach using new parameters. AUSTRALASIAN RADIOLOGY 1993; 37:386-8. [PMID: 8257343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1993.tb00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A case report illustrating a new investigation for detecting renal artery stenosis (RAS) is reported. Colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the readily accessible intrarenal arteries is a fast and accurate technique. Acceleration time and acceleration are the Doppler parameters used for measuring systolic upstroke on the waveforms obtained. Prolonged acceleration time (> or = 0.07s) and diminished acceleration (< or = 3 m/s2) indicate haemodynamically significant stenosis. Intrarenal Doppler ultrasound should provide a safe noninvasive screening examination for the detection of RAS.
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166
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of urine: concentration of urinary proteins by precipitation with coomassie blue. Clin Chem 1993; 39:2314-8. [PMID: 8222227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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167
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of urine: concentration of urinary proteins by precipitation with coomassie blue. Clin Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.11.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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168
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Centriprep ultrafiltration for fractionation of serum and urinary proteins before electrophoresis. Clin Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.7.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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169
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Centriprep ultrafiltration for fractionation of serum and urinary proteins before electrophoresis. Clin Chem 1993; 39:1558. [PMID: 8330427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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170
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Marshall T, Williams KM, Ekstrom J, Tobin G, Bayard C, Vesterberg O. SDS-PAGE of cat parotid salivary proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:195S. [PMID: 8359448 DOI: 10.1042/bst021195s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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171
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Marshall T, Williams KM. The solubility of Coomassie blue protein-dye complexes. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:194S. [PMID: 8359447 DOI: 10.1042/bst021194s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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172
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Williams KM, Marshall T, Ekstrom J, Tobin G, Bayard C, Vesterberg O. Effects of atropine upon the secretion of rate parotid salivary proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:196S. [PMID: 8359449 DOI: 10.1042/bst021196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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173
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Bradford protein assay and the transition from an insoluble to a soluble dye complex: effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate and other additives. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1993; 26:237-40. [PMID: 8509604 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(93)90047-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (0.0015-0.006%), phenol (0.25-0.5%) or sodium hydroxide (0.025-0.1 M) to the Bradford dye reagent does not improve the solubility of the Coomassie blue-protein dye complex. Centrifugation of the assay tubes, 10 min after the addition of reagent, results in complete loss of colour yield as indicated by the absorbance (A595) of the recovered supernates. At protein-concentrations above the working range of the assay, centrifugation indicates a transition from an insoluble to a soluble protein-dye complex. This transition is characteristic of an individual protein and is influenced by assay modification. Low protein concentrations appear to provide nucleation sites for precipitation of Coomassie blue whilst higher protein concentrations increase its solvation. A soluble dye chromophore is only formed above the working range of the assay indicating that precipitation of the dye by protein contributes to the assay mechanism.
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174
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Day RO, Brooks PM, Williams KM, Graham GG. Third World conference on variability in response to anti-rheumatic drugs, Singapore, July 22-24, 1992. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1993; 38:iv-viii. [PMID: 8213341 DOI: 10.1007/bf01976204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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175
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Marshall T, Williams KM. Recovery of protein by coomassie brilliant blue precipitation prior to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:887-8. [PMID: 1282883 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of protein with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 results in formation of an insoluble protein-dye complex which can be recovered by centrifugation and redissolved for electrophoretic analysis. The precipitated protein can be washed in acetone to remove excess dye in order to enhance resolution. The residual dye becomes dissociated from the proteins on electrophoresis and can be exploited as a "dye front". The method allows simultaneous protein assay and recovery of microgram amounts of protein from dilute solution and could be widely applied for conserving, concentrating and desalting minute amounts of valuable sample prior to electrophoretic analysis.
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