Injectable Catalyst-Free Poly(Propylene Fumarate) System Cross-Linked by Strain Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Click Chemistry for Spine Defect Filling

A new PPF-BCN/hyPCL32-N3 injectable system that can be cross-linked by catalyst-free, strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) click chemistry was developed for tissue engineering applications. The system consisted of two components: PPF-BCN, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) functionalized with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN-OH), and hyPCL32-N3, a hyper-branched 32-arm poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) dendrimer functionalized with azide as the cross-linker core. Fast SPAAC click reaction allowed the desired gelation of the system without using any toxic initiator or catalyst. Compared to the conventional injectable formulation, e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), our PPF-BCN/hyPCL32-N3 (abbreviated as PFCL-Click) injectable system showed enhanced biocompatibility and low heat generation during cross-linking. After reaction, the cross-linked PFCL-Click scaffolds supported excellent proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast cells on the surface. The PFCL-Click system can be successfully injected into vertebral bodies of rabbit spine and can be monitored by X-ray imaging after incorporating zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) powder. With these unique advantages, this injectable system has promising potential for bone defect repair and other tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of organic acids/cyclodextrin complexes and their consequences upon the formation of miconazole/cyclodextrin/acid ternary inclusion complexes

(1)H NMR spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as molecular modeling at the AM1 level and normal mode analysis were used to characterise the interactions and the formation of inclusion complexes between three organic acids: maleic, fumaric, L-tartaric acids and betaCD. In aqueous medium, the complexation was confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy using two-dimensional technique. The stable geometries of the complexes were determined by molecular modeling. Experimental infrared frequencies were assigned on the base of the vibrational normal mode calculation at the fully optimized geometry for the inclusion complexes. All the results point out the presence of stable inclusion complexes between acids and betaCD at the solid state. These results show the double role of the acid. Correlated with the theoretical and experimental data previously obtained for the miconazole/CD/acids complexes, in function of both acids and CDs structures, the acids can either stabilize the complexes by formation of a multicomponent complex or form acid/CD inclusion complexes, hindering the guest inclusion.

Production of L-malic acid via biocatalysis employing wild-type and respiratory-deficient yeasts

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to efficiently produce L-malic acid from fumaric acid. Fumarase is responsible for the reversible conversion of fumaric and L-malic acids in the TCA cycle. To investigate the function of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fumarase isoenzymes in L-malic acid bioconversion, a wild-type strain and a cytoplasmic respiratory-deficient mutant devoid of functional mitochondria were employed. The mutant strain, which only contained the cytoplasmic fumarase, was still functional in fumaric acid to L-malic acid bioconversion However, its specific conversion rate was much lower (0.20 g/g.h) than that of the wild-type strain (0.55 g/g.h).

A self-complementary, self-assembling microsphere system: application for intravenous delivery of the antiepileptic and neuroprotectant compound felbamate

Felbamate (FBM) is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) and neuroprotectant (NP) compound that interacts with strychnine-insensitive (SI) glycine receptors in brain (IC(50) = 374 microM). FBM concentrations required to interact with SI glycine receptors are consistent with brain levels following oral and intraperitoneal administration of AED and NP doses. Because of the solubility limits of FBM, an intravenous (iv) form has not been developed. Nevertheless, an iv form could be important for the treatment of disorders such as status epilepticus and neuronal damage due to hypoxic/ischemic events. Substituted diketopiperazines precipitate in acid to form microspherical particles of uniform size ( approximately 2 microm). The microsphere system entraps drugs on precipitation and dissolves near physiological pH to release the drug cargo. Therefore, microspheres were used to produce an iv formulation of FBM. Mice were administered the FBM/microsphere (20-60 mg/kg FBM) and tested for protection against tonic extension seizures using maximal electroshock. The FBM/microsphere was effective in a time- and dose-dependent manner following iv administration. The median effective dose (ED(50)) for protection against MES seizures at 30 min was 27.2 mg/kg [95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.8-33.4, slope = 6.5]. The ED(50) for minimal motor impairment at 30 min was 167 mg/kg (95% CI = 155-177, slope = 28.1). Thus, the feasibility of encapsulating FBM or similar aqueous insoluble compounds in a microsphere system with delivery by the iv route for treatment of epilepsy and various central nervous system disorders has been clearly demonstrated. Studies were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Validation of a RP-HPLC method for the assay of formoterol and its related substances in formoterol fumarate dihydrate drug substance

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the assay of formoterol fumarate and the related substances, namely, formoterol fumarate desformyl and formoterol fumarate acetamide analogs, in the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The separation was achieved by isocratic elution using an Alltech Alltima C18 (150 x 4.6 mm) column, a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate (50 mM; pH 5.0)-ethanol (65:35, v/v), a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 242 nm. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.03 and 08 microg/ml, respectively, while the linear range of detection was between 0.03 and 255 microg/ml. Comparative determinations of formoterol fumarate in three lots of bulk drugs using the proposed HPLC method and the standard potentiometric titration method of pharmacopoeia show that both methods are equivalent for pure drug substance assay. However, the HPLC method allowed the separation and quantitation of the impurities not achievable with the official methods in the bulk drugs. This study shows that the proposed method is accurate, linear, and sensitive as stability indicating assay method for formoterol fumarate in the bulk drug.

Synthesis of Novel Spiro[2.3]hexane Carbocyclic Nucleosides via Enzymatic Resolution

[reaction: see text] Novel R- and S-spiro[2.3]hexane nucleosides have been synthesized. The key step involved the Pseudomonas cepacia lipase catalyzed resolution of racemic compound 2, synthesized in seven steps starting from diethoxyketene and diethyl fumarate, to give (+)-acetate 3 and (-)-alcohol 13. (+)-Acetate 3 and (-)-acetate 14 were converted to R- and S-9-(6-hydroxymethylspiro[2.3]hexane)-4-adenine, respectively.

Stereochemical considerations on concomitant allergic contact dermatitis to ester of the cis-trans isomeric compounds maleic acid and fumaric acid

Allergic contact dermatitis from esters of fumaric acid or esters of maleic acid is rare. The case of a chemist with allergic reactions to esters both of fumaric acid and of maleic acid is presented. Extremely high sensitivity of the patient to diethyl fumarate was noted. The formation of identical complete antigens from esters of these two cis-trans isomeric acids may be an explanation of the patient's double allergy. This is discussed from a stereochemical point of view. These stereochemical considerations point to a general mechanism where cis-trans isomeric alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are converted into the same complete antigen.

Facile S(N)2' coupling reactions of wittig reagents with dimethyl bromomethylfumarate: synthesis of enes, dienes, and related natural products

A new simple and efficient synthetic protocol with an ample scope has been demonstrated, by employing S(N)2' coupling reactions of a variety of Wittig reagents with dimethyl bromomethylfumarate to obtain the corresponding enes, dienes, and related natural and unnatural products.

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (caprolactone diol) end capped poly (propylene fumarate) cross linked amphiphilic hydrogel as tissue engineering scaffold material

Biodegradable poly (caprolactone diol-co-propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) amphiphilic polymer with poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (caprolactone diol) chain ends (PCL-PPF-PEG) was prepared. PCL-PPF-PEG undergoes fast setting with acrylamide (aqueous solution) by free radical polymerization and produces a crosslinked hydrogel. The cross linked and freeze-dried amphiphilic material has porous and interconnected network. It undergoes higher degree of swelling and water absorption to form hydrogel with hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains at the surface and appreciable tensile strength. The present hydrogel is compatible with L929 fibroblast cells. PCL-PPF-PEG/acrylamide hydrogel is a candidate scaffold material for tissue engineering applications.

Schizostatin, a novel squalene synthase inhibitor produced by the mushroom, Schizophyllum commune. II. Structure elucidation and total synthesis

Schizostatin (1) has been isolated as a potent and selective inhibitor of squalene synthase. Its structure has been determined using spectroscopic methods: the compound is shown to be a diterpenoid which has a trans-dicarboxylic acid moiety. Total synthesis of schizostatin (1) was achieved by the highly regio- and stereoselective coupling reaction of an allylic bromide with a barium reagent. The Z-isomer 16 was also prepared using the stereoselective syn-addition of an organocopper reagent to acetylenedicarboxylate.

Chemistry of Ru(&6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)(η2-dimethyl fumarate)2

The chemistry of a novel zerovalent Ru complex, Ru(eta6-cot)(eta2-dmfm)2 (1) (cot=1,3,5-cyclooctatriene; dmfm=dimethyl fumarate), is reviewed with a focus on its reactivity toward phosphines, amines, and H2O, as well as arenes and p-quinones. A variety of novel zerovalent Ru complexes were synthesized from Ru(eta6-cot)(eta2-dmfm)2 (1), and it was shown that the complexes preferably bear both electron-donating and -accepting ligands simultaneously to exhibit thermodynamic stability. The first isolable zerovalent Ru aqua complexes were successfully prepared, and in these complexes, the generation of a chiral center on the O atom of the coordinated H2O was disclosed. In addition, the characteristic catalytic activity of 1 in organic synthesis was considered by reviewing recently developed novel reactions: (i) dimerization of 2,5-norbornadiene to pentacyclo[6.6.0.0(2,6).0(3,13).0(10,14)]tetradeca-4,11-diene (PCTD), (ii) intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes to cyclic imines, (iii) formal [4+2] cycloaddition of alkynes with dmfm to trans-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylates, and (iv) co-dimerization of dihydrofurans with alpha,beta-unsaturated esters to 2-alkylidenetetrahydrofurans. The products obtained here are expected to be used as novel functional organic monomers.

Influence of trace elements on stabilization of aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid

Together with vitamin C, zinc, selenium, manganese, and magnesium play a vital role in the preservation of organs scheduled for transplantation. In the present study, it is shown that addition of 1 mg/l of these elements influences the stability of 0.3 mM ascorbic acid solutions. The solution's stability was estimated using an accelerated stability test. The concentration of vitamin C was measured using a validated spectrophotometric method, which uses the reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenoloindophenol by ascorbic acid. Elevated temperatures, the factor accelerating substances' decomposition reaction rate, were used in the tests. The research was conducted at two temperatures at intervals of 10 °C: 80 ± 0.1 and 90 ± 0.1 °C. It was stated that the studied substances' decomposition occurred in accordance with the equation for first-order reactions. The function of the logarithmic concentration (log%C) over time was revealed to be rectilinear. This dependence was used to determine the kinetics of decomposition reaction rate parameters. The stabilization of vitamin C solutions was measured as the time in which 10 % of the substance decomposed at 20 and 0 °C. Addition of Se(IV) or Mg(II) ions significantly increase the stability of ascorbic acid solution (∼34 and ∼16 %, respectively), but Zn(II) causes a significant decrease in stability by ∼23 %. Addition of Mn(II) has no significant influence on vitamin C stability.

Restructuring the active site of fumarase for the fumarate to malate reaction

Changes in the active site of fumarase (yeast fumarase II) that occur when fumarate is converted to malate (E.F --> E.M) must be reversed for another cycle of reaction to take place. As shown here, recycling of the enzyme includes two proton transfers and one conformational change. These events, together with the M-off step, are variously rate-determining depending on the medium. In very low salt the release of M is limited by the conformational change. Thus, (V/Km)F decreases with increased viscosity, shown with glycerol. A variety of simple anions, such as Cl- at approximately 50 mM and F itself at low concentration, activate the dissociation of M. This nonspecific anion effect is the basis for the >4-fold apparent cooperative activation by substrate. The M-off step and the conformational change are independent and random-order events. Thus, even when M-off is made rapid the rate of recycling is inhibited by glycerol, which in 100 mM NaCl inhibits Vmax but not V/Km. The enzyme form that results when M is released is M-specific, Em. Thus mesotartarate, competitive toward M, is noncompetitive toward F. The slow conformational change required for recycling of Em is activated by Pi and chaotropic anions such as azide and thiocyanate, giving rise to a nonspecific intermediate, Emf (mesotartarate becomes competitive toward F and Britton's countertransport property disappears with these activators). Evidence is presented for the locations and rates of the two proton transfer steps required to complete the cycle.

Synthesis of Small Tripeptide Molecules through a Catalysis Sequence Comprising Metathesis and Aminohydroxylation

Tripeptidic structures were synthesized by using a combination of two independent consecutive catalytic procedures. Cross-metathesis of N-acroyl amino acid esters yields fumaric amide compounds with exclusive E double-bond geometry. This represents an unprecedented example of complete double-bond selectivity in this kind of reaction. A subsequent asymmetric aminohydroxylation of the chiral fumaric amides was carried out without the need of any further ligand and gave high yields and no side products. This reaction transforms the central fumaric amide unit into a hydroxy aspartic acid moiety and relies on the inherent stereochemistry of the starting fumaric diamides. An additional feature of our sequence is the ease of generating stereochemical diversification within the aminohydroxylation reaction. As a consequence, rapid conformational and configurational diversification can be achieved from the overall two-step catalytic sequence. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by starting from two different N-acroyl amino esters, which led to the synthesis of eight structurally and stereochemically different tripeptides that could all be identified individually. As such, the present two-step catalytic approach should serve to efficiently synthesize large families of tripeptidic molecular probes.

UV-laser photoisomerization of fumaryl chloride: the first identification of maleoyl chloride: matrix isolation infrared and ab initio studies

Fourier transform infrared spectra of fumaryl chloride 1 isolated in an argon matrix at 10 K have been analyzed. The comparison between the ab initio HF/6-31G calculated infrared spectra with the experimental ones reveals the existence of three planar conformers, the cis cis 1a, the cis trans 1b and the trans trans 1c. Laser UV irradiation of 1 at lambda = 340 nm yields maleoyl chloride 2 by a carbon carbon double bond photoisomerization process. The first identification of this compound was performed by comparison of the experimental infrared spectra with the calculated ones at the MP2/6-1G** level. AM1 semiempirical and ab initio calculations were used to calculate the structure and the relative stability of the three non planar maleoyl chloride conformers.

Effect of macromer molecular weight on in vitro ophthalmic drug release from photo-crosslinked matrices

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) molecular weight on the release kinetics of two ophthalmic model drugs, acetazolamide (AZ) and timolol maleate (TM), from matrices prepared by photo-induced copolymerization of PPF with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). PPF macromers of different number average molecular weight (M(n)) and polydispersity index (PI) were used in the experiments. Photo-crosslinked matrices were loaded with 5wt.% AZ or TM. The amounts of released drug and NVP were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The release kinetics of both drugs was influenced by the molecular weight of the constituent PPF macromer. An increased M(n) led to an increased burst release and an accelerated drug release. Dependent on the PPF M(n), the initial AZ loading was released within periods ranging from 35 days (M(n) = 3670, PI = 1.9) to 220 days (M(n) = 2050, PI=1.5). TM-loaded matrices revealed similar release kinetics dependent on the PPF M(n). The amount of released NVP from photo-crosslinked matrices during the course of a release experiment was independent of the PPF M(n) for both drugs. Matrix swelling and erosion were determined gravimetrically. The network structures of non-loaded matrices were further characterized by determining their crosslinking densities and the relative double bond conversions of fumaric acid (FAA) and NVP. Independent of PPF M(n), PPF and NVP similarly participated in the formation of the PPF/polyNVP copolymer network. The observed differences in drug release might therefore be explained by differences in the microstructural organization of the copolymer networks. Overall, the results demonstrate that drug release kinetics from photo-crosslinked PPF/polyNVP matrices is strongly dependent on the M(n) of the PPF macromer.

Tetrabutylammonium bromide media aza-Michael addition of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide to symmetrical fumaric esters and acrylic esters under solvent-free conditions

The aza-Michael addition of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide with symmetrical fumaric esters has been performed efficiently in a solvent-free system at 100 °C and using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a base in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). The products were obtained in good to high yields within 2.5-7.0 h. This reaction worked well on linear alkyl fumarates and was not effective with nonlinear alkyl fumarates. Although the reaction was also applicable to acrylates such as n-butyl acrylate, methacrylates and crotonates were not suitable Michael acceptors for this reaction.

Purification and properties of crystalline 3-methylaspartase from two facultative anaerobes, Citrobacter sp. strain YG-0504 and Morganella morganii strain YG-0601

3-Methylaspartase (3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.2) from two facultative anaerobes from soil, Citrobacter sp. strain YG-0504 and Morganella morganii strain YG-0601, were purified and crystallized from their crude extracts. Both of the Citrobacter and Morganella enzymes appeared to be a dimer of subunits of M(r) 40,000 and 44,000, respectively. The enzymes had similar enzymological properties: optimum pH for the deamination reaction of (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid, substrate specificity, inhibitor, divalent and monovalent cation requirement, and N-terminal amino acid sequence homology. However, some differences were detected in pH and temperature stability, optimum pH for the amination reaction of mesaconic acid, optimum temperature, specific activity, and stability during electrophoresis. Both enzymes had similar enzymological properties to the known 3-methylaspartase from an obligate anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium tetanomorphum H1, except kinetic constants and substrate specificities.

Phosphate functionalization and enzymatic calcium mineralization synergistically enhance oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogel osteoconductivity for bone tissue engineering

A current approach in bone tissue engineering is the implantation of polymeric scaffolds that promote osteoblast attachment and growth as well as biomineralization. One promising polymer is oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF), a polyethylene glycol-based material that is biocompatible, injectable, and biodegradable, but in its native form does not support robust bone cell attachment or growth. To address this issue, this study evaluated the osteoconductivity of bis[02-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BP) functionalized OPF hydrogels (OPF-BP) using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells, both before and after enzymatic mineralization with a calcium solution. The inclusion of negatively charged functional groups allowed for the tailored uptake and release of calcium, while also altering the mechanical properties and surface topography of the hydrogel surface. In cell culture, OPF-BP hydrogels with 20 and 30% (w/w) BP optimized osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation after a 21-day in vitro period. In addition, the OPF-BP30 treatment, when mineralized with calcium, exhibited a 128% increase in osteocalcin expression when compared with the non-mineralized treatment. These findings suggest that phosphate functionalization and enzymatic calcium mineralization can act synergistically to enhance the osteoconductivity of OPF hydrogels, making this processed material an attractive candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Investigations of glutathione conjugation in vitro by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Uncatalyzed and glutathione transferase-catalyzed reactions

Conjugation reactions of glutathione (GSH) and related thiols with diethyl maleate (DEM) and other alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The products from the reaction with DEM and diethyl fumarate (DEF) are shown to be the diastereomers of S-(alpha,beta-diethoxycarbonylethyl)glutathione. During the course of the reaction, DEM isomerized to DEF, and the rate of isomerization was dependent upon whether the solvent was 1H2O or 2H2O. The observed rate data exhibit apparent second order kinetic behavior. The reaction of maleate with GSH was considerably slower, and solvent-dependent isomerization was observed, while little reaction of fumarate with GSH was observed at pH 6.5. Reaction of DEM with N-acetyl-L-cysteine followed a similar course to that of GSH, and although L-cysteine reacted rapidly with DEM, it did not promote the isomerization of DEM. Reactions involving penicillamine and N-acetylpenicillamine were considerably slower. Conjugation reactions catalyzed by commercial GSH transferases and selected rat and human purified isoenzymes were also investigated. Of those isoenzymes studied, rat GSH transferase 4-4 was found to exert the greatest degree of stereo control in conjugation reactions with DEF.

Role of malonate in chickpeas

Analysis of the content and distribution of organic acids in chickpea plants (Cicer arietinum L.) showed that malonate was the most abundant acid in roots and nodules, whereas malate was the main acid in leaves and stems. The highest concentration of malonate in roots was in the apices. Malonate metabolism did not appear to be directly related to abiotic stress. We suggest that malonate has a role as a defensive chemical in roots and nodules of chickpeas.

In vitro degradation and fracture toughness of multilayered porous poly(propylene fumarate)/beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds

This study investigated the in vitro degradation of poly(propylene fumarate)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PPF/beta-TCP) scaffolds in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C. Scaffold design consisted of three layers: two solid layers about a central layer of porous PPF foam. Solid PPF with molecular weights of 810 and 1450 Da was crosslinked under UV light. PPF foam was prepared by a photocrosslinking, porogen-leaching method with an initial porogen content of 80 wt % and two sizes, 150-300 and 300-500 microm. Comparison of initial and residual weights demonstrated a 14.3 +/- 2.0% loss of mass at 3 weeks and a 16.6 +/- 1.8% loss of mass at 6 weeks. Observed pH values for all constructs remained stable (7.15-7.40) throughout the 3 to 6 weeks. Scanning electron micrographs of these scaffolds revealed some loss of foam material between 3 and 6 weeks; however, foam microarchitecture was intact. Solid PPF fracture toughness was tested for high and low molecular weight PPF, 0.376 +/- 0.004 and 0.134 +/- 0.015 MPa(m)1/2, respectively. These values are roughly one magnitude less than human cortical bone.

Production of Fumaric Acid Using Rice Bran and Subsequent Conversion to Succinic Acid Through a Two-Step Process

The fungal production of fumaric acid using rice bran and subsequent bacterial conversion of succinic acid using fungal culture broth were investigated. Since the rice bran contains abundant proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, it is suitable material that fungi use as a nitrogen source. The effective concentration of rice bran to produce fumaric acid was 5 g/L. A large amount of rice bran caused excessive fungal growth rather than enhance fumaric acid production. In addition, we could produce fumaric acid without the addition of zinc and iron. Fungal culture broth containing approx 25 g/L of fumaric acid was directly employed for succinic acid conversion. The amount of glycerol and yeast extract required for succinic acid conversion was reduced to 70 and 30%, respectively, compared with the amounts cited in previous studies.

Studies on biodegradable and crosslinkable poly(castor oil fumarate)/poly(propylene fumarate) composite adhesive as a potential injectable biomaterial

Biodegradable hydroxyl terminated-poly(castor oil fumarate) (HT-PCF) and poly(propylene fumarate) (HT-PPF) resins were synthesized as an injectable and in situ-cross linkable polyester resins for orthopedic applications. An injectable adhesive formulation containing this resin blend, N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), hydroxy apatite, free radical initiator and accelerator was developed. The Composite adhesives containing the ratio of resin blend and NVP, 2.1:1.5, 2.1:1.2 and 2.1:1.0 set fast with tolerable exothermic temperature as a three dimensionally cross linked toughened material. Crosslink density and mechanical properties of the crosslinked composite increase with increase of NVP. The present crosslinked composite has hydrophilic character and cytocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells.

Injectable biomaterials for minimally invasive orthopedic treatments

Biodegradable and injectable hydroxy terminated-poly propylene fumarate (HT-PPF) bone cement was developed. The injectable formulation consisting HT-PPF and comonomer, n-vinyl pyrrolidone, calcium phosphate filler, free radical catalyst, accelerator and radiopaque agent sets rapidly to hard mass with low exothermic temperature. The candidate bone cement attains mechanical strength more than the required compressive strength of 5 MPa and compressive modulus 50 MPa. The candidate bone cement resin elicits cell adhesion and cytoplasmic spreading of osteoblast cells. The cured bone cement does not induce intracutaneous irritation and skin sensitization. The candidate bone cement is tissue compatible without eliciting any adverse tissue reactions. The candidate bone cement is osteoconductive and inductive and allow osteointegration and bone remodeling. HT-PPF bone cement is candidate bone cement for minimally invasive radiological procedures for the treatment of bone diseases and spinal compression fractures.