351
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DeLuca C, Brown JA, Shows TB. Lysosomal arylsulfatase deficiencies in humans: chromosome assignments for arylsulfatase A and B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76:1957-61. [PMID: 36611 PMCID: PMC383512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics of human lysosomal arylsulfatases A and B (aryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1), associated with childhood disease, has been studied with human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. Deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARS(A)) in humans results in a progressive neurodegenerative disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy. Deficiency of arylsulfatase B (ARS(B)) is associated with skeletal and growth malformations, termed the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. Simultaneous deficiency of both enzymes is associated with the multiple sulfatase deficiency disease, suggesting a common relationship for ARS(A) and ARS(B). The genetic and structural relationships of human ARS(A) and ARS(B) have been determined by the use of human-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Independent enzyme segregation in cell hybrids demonstrated different chromosome assignments for the structural genes, ARS(A) and ARS(B), coding for the two lysosomal enzymes. ARS(A) activity showed concordant segregation with mitochondrial aconitase encoded by a gene assigned to chromosome 22. ARS(B) segregated with beta-hexosaminidase B encoded by a gene assigned to chromosome 5. These assignments were confirmed by chromosome analyses. The subunit structures of ARS(A) and ARS(B) were determined by their electrophoretic patterns in cell hybrids; a dimeric structure was demonstrated for ARS(A) and a monomeric structure for ARS(B). Although the multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder suggests a shared relationship between ARS(A) and ARS(B), independent segregation of these enzymes in cell hybrids did not support a common polypeptide subunit or structural gene assignment. The evidence demonstrates the assignment of ARS(A) to chromosome 22 and ARS(B) to chromosome 5. A third gene that affects ARS(A) and ARS(B) activity is suggested by the multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder.
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352
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Shows TB, Scrafford-Wolff LR, Brown JA, Meisler MH. GM1-gangliosidosis: chromosome 3 assignment of the beta-galactosidase-A gene (beta GALA). SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1979; 5:147-58. [PMID: 113895 DOI: 10.1007/bf01539157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The structural gene (beta GALA) coding for lysosomal beta-galactosidase-A (EC 3.2.1.23) has been assigned to human chromosome 3 using man--mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human beta-galactosidase-A was identified in cell hybrids with a species-specific antiserum to human liver beta-galactosidase-A. The antiserum precipitates beta-galactosidase-A from human tissues, cultured cells, and cell hybrids, and recognizes cross-reacting material from a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. We have analyzed 90 primary man--mouse hybrids derived from 12 separate fusion experiments utilizing cells from 9 individuals. Enzyme segregation analysis excluded all chromosomes for beta GALA assignment except chromosome 3. Concordant segregation of chromosomes and enzymes in 16 cell hybrids demonstrated assignment of beta GALA to chromosome 3; all other chromosomes were excluded. The evidence suggests that GM1 gangliosidosis is a consequence of mutation at this beta GALA locus on chromosome 3.
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353
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Brown JA, Jackson BA, Oliver JA, Henderson IW. Single nephron filtration rates (SNGFR) in the trout, Salmo gairdneri. Validation of the use of ferrocyanide and the effects on environmental salinity. Pflugers Arch 1978; 377:101-8. [PMID: 569276 DOI: 10.1007/bf00584381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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354
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Eddy RL, Byers MG, Haley LL, Cooper ES, Goggin AP. Assignment of peptidase S (PEPS) to chromosome 4 in man using somatic cell hybrids. Hum Genet 1978; 43:119-25. [PMID: 689684 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A starch gel electrophoretic procedure is described that resolves peptidase S (PEPS) as well as the peptidases A, B, and C in man-rodent, rodent-rodent, and primate-rodent interspecific somatic cell hybrids. The interspecific PEPS cell hybrid phenotype can be resolved into a pattern which suggests that PEPS is composed of five or six identical subunits. Results are presented supporting assignment of the PEPS locus to chromosome 4 in man using man-mouse and man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Human genes coding for peptidases A, B, C, and D were assigned to chromosome 18, 12, 1, and 19, respectively, confirming previous assignments. These somatic cell genetic data demonstrate the independent genetic control of the several human peptidases.
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355
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Brown JA. Role of the physiotherapist in obstetrics and gynaecology. Physiotherapy 1978; 64:228-9. [PMID: 684121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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356
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Koch GA, Brown JA, Shows TB. Gene assignment of alpha-fucosidase and glucose dehydrogenase to the p21 leads to pter region of chromosome 1 in man. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1978; 4:313-22. [PMID: 567853 DOI: 10.1007/bf01542845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Assignment of human genes coding for alpha-fucosidase (alphaFUC) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) to chromosome 1 has been confirmed and a location in the p21 leads to pter region demonstrated using man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. The regional location of alphaFUC and GDH was established in cell hybrids using human cells possessing 1/2 translocation chromosomes [46,XX,t(1;2)(p21;q37)]. Hybrids which retained the 2q+ chromosome carrying the 1p21 leads to 1pter region concordantly expressed alphaFUC, GDH, and the short-arm markers ENO1, AK2, and PGM1. Hybrids which retained the 1p21 leads to 1qter region only expressed human PEPC and FH. Data obtained from hybrids in which spontaneous breaks in chromosome 1 had occurred indicate that the gene order in 1p21 leads to 1pter is (ENO1,GDH)-alphaFUC-AK2-PGM1.
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357
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Scott WN, Reich IM, Brown JA, Yang CP. Comparison of toad bladder aldosterone-induced proteins and proteins synthesized in vitro using aldosterone-induced messenger RNA as template. J Membr Biol 1978; 40 Spec No:213-20. [PMID: 731677 DOI: 10.1007/bf02026007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using double-labeled isotope techniques, it can be shown that aldosterone induces the synthesis of several proteins in the mitochondria-rich (MR) cells of the toad's urinary bladder. Induced proteins have been identified both in the plasma membrane (mol wt = 170,000, 85,000 and 12,000) and the cytosol (mol wt = 36,000, 12,000 and 6,000) fractions of these mucosal cells. We have also shown that aldosterone (Aldo) induces the synthesis of a class of RNA having the properties of messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA isolated from Aldo-treated mucosal cells was used as template in a cell-free protein-synthesis system prepared from rabbit reticulocytes. Preparations charged with mRNA from Aldo-treated cells synthesized two proteins that were not labeled when mRNA from control tissues was used as template. The electrophoretic mobility of one of these proteins was similar to an Aldo-induced membrane protein (mol wt = 70,000) found in the intact tissue.
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358
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Haley LL, Byers MG, Eddy RL, Cooper ES, Goggin AP. Assignment of the beta-glucuronidase structural gene to the pter leads to q22 region of chromosome 7 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1978; 21:99-104. [PMID: 656184 DOI: 10.1159/000130882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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359
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Champion MJ, Brown JA, Shows TB. Assignment of cytoplasmic alpha-mannosidase (MANA) and confirmation of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHM) to the q11 leads to qter region of chromosome 15 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1978; 22:498-502. [PMID: 752528 DOI: 10.1159/000131007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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360
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Goggin AP, Haley LL, Byers MG, Eddy RL. Assignment of a molecular form of UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPP2) to chromosome 2 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1978; 22:215-8. [PMID: 752477 DOI: 10.1159/000130939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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361
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Laemmli UK, Cheng SM, Adolph KW, Paulson JR, Brown JA, Baumbach WR. Metaphase chromosome structure: the role of nonhistone proteins. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1978; 42 Pt 1:351-60. [PMID: 277351 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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362
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Champion MJ, Brown JA, Shows TB. Studies on the alpha-mannosidase (MANB), peptidase D (PEPD), and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) syntenic group on chromosome 19 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1978; 22:186-9. [PMID: 318157 DOI: 10.1159/000130932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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363
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Haley LL, Goggin AP, Eddy RL, Byers MG. Assignment of alpha-galactosidase (alpha GAL) to the q22 leads to qter region of the X chromosome in man. Cytogenet Genome Res 1978; 22:541-4. [PMID: 222549 DOI: 10.1159/000131020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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364
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Shows TB, Scrafford-Wolff L, Brown JA, Meisler M. Assignment of a beta-galactosidase gene (beta GALA) to chromosome 3 in man. Cytogenet Genome Res 1978; 22:219-22. [PMID: 110522 DOI: 10.1159/000130940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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365
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Koch GA, Brown JA, Shows TB. alpha-L-fucosidase (alpha FUC) localized to the pter towards to p21 region of chromosome 1 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1978; 22:389-91. [PMID: 752509 DOI: 10.1159/000130979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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366
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Raafat J, Brown JA, Oster MW. Metastatic Ewing sarcoma to the heart simulating adriamycin cardiotoxicity. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1978; 5:51-4. [PMID: 745591 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A 20-year-old man with metastatic Ewing Sarcoma developed severe congestive heart failure. Because he had been treated with a large amount of Adriamycin, the diagnosis was initially thought to be Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. However, ante- and post-mortem studies revealed the presence of massive cardiac metastases. At post-mortem, there was no evidence of Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. This case emphasizes that cardiac metastases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of heart failure in patients treated with Adriamycin.
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367
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Jackson BA, Brown JA, Oliver JA, Henderson IW. Actions of angiotensin on single nephron filtration rates of trout, Salmo gairdneri, adapted to fresh- and sea-water environments [proceedings]. J Endocrinol 1977; 75:32P-33P. [PMID: 591835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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368
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Brown JA, Segal HL. Effect of glucagon on pinocytosis by the yolk sac of the rat. J Biol Chem 1977; 252:7151-5. [PMID: 903354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of macromolecular markers by fluid pinocytosis in the rat yolk sac was inhibited by glucagon, with half-maximal effect at a hormone concentration of approximately 3 X 10(-8) M. Glucagon had no effect on the cellular distribution of the marker subsequent to its uptake. Rates of uptake promptly returned to normal when the yolk sacs were transferred from a glucagon-containing to a glucagon-free medium. Epinephrine also inhibited, but only at much higher concentrations. The effect of the latter was augmented by theophylline. Insulin (10(-6) M) had no effect when added alone or with an inhibitory level of glucagon (10(-7) M). The presumption that the hormone effect was mediated by cyclic AMP was supported by the findings that the cellular levels of cyclic AMP were elevated in the presence of glucagon and that dibutyryl cyclic AMP could replace glucagon as an effective inhibitor. The conclusion that the hormone effect was on uptake rather than on subsequent regurgitation was based on the linearity of accumulation in both the presence and absence of glucagon and the inability of glucagon to stimulate loss of invertase from preloaded cells. Colchicine and vinblastine also inhibited uptake. This finding and those of others which are discussed suggest the possibility that effects of cyclic nucleotides on certain cell functions may involve their regulation of microtubular status.
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369
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370
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Waddell CC, Brown JA, Rueb DL. Erythroleukemia (di Guglielmo's disease). Occurrence 28 years after thorium administration. JAMA 1977; 238:423. [PMID: 267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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371
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372
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Lalley PA, Brown JA, Eddy RL, Haley LL, Byers MG, Goggin AP, Shows TB. Human beta-glucuronidase: assignment of the structural gene to chromosome 7 using somatic cell hybrids. Biochem Genet 1977; 15:367-82. [PMID: 559490 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucuronidase (GUS) has become an important enzyme model for the genetic study of molecular disease, enzyme realization, and therapy, and for the biogenesis and function of the lysosome and lysosomal enzymes. The genetics of human beta-glucuronidase was investigated utilizing 188 primary man-mouse and man-chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids segregating human chromosomes. Cell hybrids were derived from 16 different fusion experiments involving cells from ten different and unrelated individuals and six different rodent cell lines. The genetic relationship of GUS to 28 enzyme markers representing 19 linkage groups was determined, and chromosome studies on selected cell hybrids were performed. The evidence indicates that the beta-glucuronidase gene is assigned to chromosome 7 in man. Comparative linkage data in man and mouse indicate that the structural gene GUS is located in a region on chromosome 7 that has remained conserved during evolution. Involvement of other chromosomes whose genes may be important in the final expression of GUS was not observed. A tetrameric structure of human beta-glucuronidase was demonstrated by the formation of three heteropolymers migrating between the human and mouse molecular forms in chromosome 7 positive cell hybrids. Linkage of GUS to other lysosomal enzyme genes was investigated. beta-Hexosaminidase (HEXB) was assigned to chromosome 5; acid phosphatase2 (ACP2) and esterase A4 (ES-A4) were assigned to chromosome 11; HEXA was not linked to GUS; and alpha-galactosidase (alpha-GAL) was localized on the X chromosome. These assignments are consistent with previous reports. Evidence was not obtained for a cluster of lysosomal enzyme structural genes. In demonstrating that GUS was not assigned to chromosome 9 utilizing an X/9 translocation segregating in cell hybrids, the gene coding for human adenylate kinase1 was confirmed to be located on chromosome 9.
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373
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Abstract
Nasal hemangiopericytoma is difficult to diagnose preoperatively or before examining a histologic specimen. It is a locally invasive tumor with an excellent five-year prognosis, but which requires lifetime follow-up. The patient reported was treated by aggressive local surgical treatment of the tumor followed by systemic therapy for multiple myeloma.
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374
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Brown JA. Toward predicting and managing conflict on the anesthesia care team. AANA JOURNAL 1977; 45:37-45. [PMID: 584113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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375
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Mapping AK1, ACONs, and AK3 to chromosome 9 in man employing and X/9 translocation and somatic cell hybrids. Cytogenet Genome Res 1977; 19:26-37. [PMID: 196813 DOI: 10.1159/000130791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), adenylate kinase3 (AK3), and aconitaseS (ACONS) genes have been assigned to chromosome 9 in man by employing an X/9 translocation segregating in man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Segregation was controlled by taking advantage of the HAT/8-azaguanine selection-counterselection strategy directed at the X-linked HPRT locus. Assignment of AK1 to chromosome 9 has suggested the assignment of the ABO blood-group locus and the nail-patella (Np) locus to 9, since both loci are linked to AK1 by family studies.
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376
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Waddell CC, Domstad PA, Pircher FJ, Lerner SR, Brown JA, Lawhorn BK. Serum folate levels. Comparison of microbiologic assay and radioisotope kit methods. Am J Clin Pathol 1976; 66:746-52. [PMID: 823817 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/66.4.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum folate levels were measured prospectively in 72 patients and six normal controls using the Lactobacillus casei microbiologic method and a commercially available sequential-binding radioassay kit method. Values between 0 and 14 ng/ml (0 and 31.78 nmol/l) (clinically significant range) obtained by the microbioassay and sequential-binding radioassay were analyzed statistically. The data suggest that comparable values are obtained by the two technics (Y = 0.9 X where Y = radioassay value). Data obtained by the sequential-binding radioassay and a competitive protein-binding radioassay kit were then compared and subjected to statistical analysis. Values obtained by the two radioassay methods were found to be comparable clinically, but significantly different statistically. The authors conclude that these commercially available radioassay kits for measuring serum folate yield reliable values that can be applied to the clinical evaluation of patients with anemia, and can be readily performed in a clinical radioisotope laboratory.
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377
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Rattazzi MC, Brown JA, Davidson RG, Shows TB. Studies on complementation of beta hexosaminidase deficiency in human GM2 gangliosidosis. Am J Hum Genet 1976; 28:143-54. [PMID: 817596 PMCID: PMC1684927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementation of beta hexosaminidase A (hex A) deficiency was obtained by Sendai virus-mediated somatic cell hybridization of cultured skin fibroblasts from two unrelated patients with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) and one patient with Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease (SJD). The newly formed hex A was identified by its electrophoretic mobility in three different systems, heat lability, and reactivity with an antiserum against the unique antigenic determinant, alpha of hex A. The percentage of heterokaryons obtained by virus treatment of TSD and SJD fibroblast mixtures showed good correlation with the observed percentage of hex A activity. It is concluded that, in these two forms of GM2 gangliosidosis, beta hexosaminidase deficiency results from two different mutations. All of the current models of beta hexosaminidase structure are compatible with the observed complementation. No complementation was detected in 13 Sendai virus-induced fusions of cultured skin fibroblasts from seven unrelated patients with SJD. The enzyme deficiency in these patients may be due to very similar allelic mutations, not capable of undergoing complementation; or to different structural mutations, all coding for unstable beta hexosaminidase molecules.
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378
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Brown JA. How recent legislation will affect the future of CRNA professionalism. AANA JOURNAL 1976; 44:54-61. [PMID: 1044189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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379
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Chapman VM. Comparative gene mapping of HPRT, G6PD, and PGK in man, mouse, and muntjac deer. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1976; 16:436-9. [PMID: 975924 DOI: 10.1159/000130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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380
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Lalley PA, Brown JA, Eddy RL, Haley LL, Shows TB. Assignment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (betaGUS) to chromosome 7 in man. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1976; 16:184-7. [PMID: 975876 DOI: 10.1159/000130586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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381
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Roseman TJ, Brown JA, Scothorn WW. Glass for parenteral products: a surface view using the scanning electron microscope. J Pharm Sci 1976; 65:22-9. [PMID: 1255429 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600650103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The scanning electron microscope was utilized to explore the internal surface of glass ampuls and vials used in parenteral products. The surface topography of USP Type I borosilicate glass containers was viewed after exposure to "sulfur," ammonium bifluoride, and sulfuric acid treatments. The scanning electron micrographs showed startling differences in the appearance of the surface regions. "Sulfur treatment" of ampuls was associated with a pitting of the surface and the presence of sodium sulfate crystals. The sulfur treatment of vials altered the glass surface in a characteristically different manner. The dissimilarity between the surface appearances was attributed to the method of sulfur treatment. Ampuls exposed to sulfuric acid solutions at room temperature did not show the pitting associated with the sulfur treatment. Scanning electron micrographs of ammonium bifluoride-treated ampuls showed a relief effect, suggesting that the glass was affected by the bifluoride solution but that sufficient stripping of the surface layer did not occur to remove the pits associated with the sulfur treatment. Flakes emanating from the glass were identified with the aid of the electron microprobe. Scanning electron micrographs showed that these vitreous flakes resulted from a delamination of a thin layer of the glass surface. It is concluded that the scanning electron microscope, in conjunction with other analytical techniques, is a valuable tool in assessing the quality of glass used for parenteral products. The techniques studied should be of particular importance to the pharmaceutical industry where efforts are being made to reduce the levels of particulate matter in parenteral dosage forms.
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382
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Localization of the human uridine monophosphate kinase gene to the p21 leads to pter region of chromosome 1. Cytogenet Genome Res 1976; 16:227-30. [PMID: 185017 DOI: 10.1159/000130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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383
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Lalley PA, Brown JA, Shows TB. Assignment of hexosaminidase-B to chromosome 5, its segregation after diphtheria toxin selection, and the linkage of hexosaminidase-A, mannose phosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase (M2). CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1976; 16:188-91. [PMID: 985662 DOI: 10.1159/000130587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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384
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Shows TB, Brown JA, Lalley PA. Assignment and linear order of human acid phosphatase-2, esterase A4, and lactate dehydrogenase A genes on chromosome 11. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1976; 16:231-4. [PMID: 975882 DOI: 10.1159/000130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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385
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Ehmann UK, Williams JR, Nagle WA, Brown JA, Belli JA, Lett JT. Perturbations in cell cycle progression from radioactive DNA precursors. Nature 1975; 258:633-6. [PMID: 1207744 DOI: 10.1038/258633a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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386
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Brown JA, Henderson IW. Proceedings: Single nephron filtration rates in the trout, Salmo gairdneri. J Endocrinol 1975; 67:63P-64P. [PMID: 1206312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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387
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Garland HO, Henderson IW, Brown JA. Micropuncture study of the renal responses of the urodele amphibian Necturus maculosus to injections of arginine vasotocin and an anti-aldosterone compound. J Exp Biol 1975; 63:249-64. [PMID: 1159365 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.63.1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Necturus maculosus kidney function has been examined using standard clearance techniques and renal tubular micropuncture methodology. 2. Throughout, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) has been used to monitor glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular water movements. It was established that this substance was handled by the Necturus kidney in a similar manner to inulin. It can be readily analysed, together with renal electrolytes, by electron microprobe techniques. 3. Profiles of transtubular gradients (TF:P ratios) along the nephron were established for osmolarity, sodium, potassium, calcium and cobalt (of cyanocobalamin). 4. Ureteral urine is always hyposmotic with respect to plasma and the site of dilution of the plasma ultrafiltrate is within the distal segment. 5. Up to 30% of the filtrate is isosmotically reabsorbed along the proximal tubule; the tubular fluid:plasma ratio for osmolarity and sodium is around 1, and the TF:P for cobalt of cyanocobalamin is about 1.4 by the end of this segment. 6. The renal effects of the neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) and an aldosterone antagonist (SC14266; Soldactone) have been examined. 7. AVT was consistently antidiuretic causing both a decreased GFR and an enhanced distal tubular reabsorption of water. 8. SC14266 also increased distal tubular reabsorption of water. Such an effect differs from that found in higher vertebrates, and may indicate a “glucocorticoid-type” of renal action for aldosterone in amphibians.
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388
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Human X-Linked genes regionally mapped utilizing X-autosome translocations and somatic cell hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:2125-9. [PMID: 1056018 PMCID: PMC432709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genes coding for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, EC 2.4.2.8; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49; D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, EC 2.7.2.3; ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase) have been assigned to specific regions on the long arm of the X chromosome by somatic cell gentic techniques. Gene assignment and linear order were determined by employing human somatic cells possessing an X/9 translocation or an X/22 translocation in man-mouse cell hybridization studies. The X/9 translocation involved the majority of the X long arm translocated to chromosome 9 and the X/22 translocation involved the distal half of the X long arm translocated to 22. In each case these rearrangements appeared to be reciprocal. Concordant segregation of X-linked enzymes and segments of the X chromosome generated by the translocations indicated assignment of the PGK gene to a proximal long arm region (q12-q22) and the HPRT and G6PD genes to the distal half (q22-qter) of the X long arm. Further evidence suggests a gene order on the X long arm of centromere-PGK-HPRT-G6PD.
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389
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Twomey JJ, Douglas CC, Brown JA, Laughter AH, Lazar S. Rheumatoid factor and malignant disease. Acta Oncol 1975; 10:94-100. [PMID: 1211115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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390
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Abstract
A family is described in which a translocation between chromosomes 20 and 22 has been observed in three generations. Two first cousins with remarkably similar malformations and mental retardation have identical karyotypes which, after chromosome banding, were interpreted as partially trisomic for the short arm of chromosome No. 20.
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391
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MacGillivray MH, Hastings C, Brown JA. Growth hormone-dependent effects of human serum on the in vitro growth characteristics of human skin fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:62-9. [PMID: 1112881 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-1-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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392
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Segregation of esterase-D and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase in somatic cell hybrids: gene linkage or chromosome association? CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1975; 14:430-3. [PMID: 1192831 DOI: 10.1159/000130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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393
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Mapping chromosomes 1 and 2 employing a 1/2 translocation in somatic cell hybrids. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1975; 14:421-5. [PMID: 1192829 DOI: 10.1159/000130397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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394
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Rattazzi MC, Brown JA, Davidson RG, Shows TB. Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz diseases: complementation of hexosaminidase A deficiency by somatic cell hybridization. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1975; 14:402-5. [PMID: 1192826 DOI: 10.1159/000130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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395
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Shows TB, Brown JA. Localization of genes coding for PGK, HPRT, and G6PD on the long arm of the X chromosome in somatic cell hybrids. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1975; 14:426-9. [PMID: 1192830 DOI: 10.1159/000130398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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396
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Brown JA, Nielsen PJ. Transfer of photosynthetically produced carbohydrate from endosymbiotic Chlorellae to Paramecium bursaria. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1974; 21:569-70. [PMID: 4214362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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397
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Brown JA, Cline TR. Urea excretion in the pig: an indicator of protein quality and amino acid requirements. J Nutr 1974; 104:542-5. [PMID: 4823939 DOI: 10.1093/jn/104.5.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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398
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399
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Cataldo FL, Miller MW, Brown JA. Cellulase facilitated squash preparations of Vicia faba chromosomes for quinacrine fluorescent staining. STAIN TECHNOLOGY 1974; 49:47-9. [PMID: 4131624 DOI: 10.3109/10520297409116936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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400
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Show TB, Brown JA. Proceedings: An (Xq+; 9p-) translocation suggests the assignment of G6PD, HPRT, and PGK to the long arm of the X chromosome in somatic cell hybrids. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 1974; 13:146-9. [PMID: 4827483 DOI: 10.1159/000130259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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