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Mahieu-Caputo D, Senat MV, Romana S, Houfflin-Debarge V, Gosset P, Audibert F, Bessis R, Ville Y, Vekemans M, Dommergues M. [What's new in fetal medicine?]. Arch Pediatr 2002; 9:172-86. [PMID: 11915501 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(01)00728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major progress in fetal medicine in recent years is the increased sensitivity of sonographic screening for foetal malformations, due to technical improvement but also to a better training of professionals. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities is no longer based on maternal age alone. Second trimester maternal serum screening (MSS) is increasingly used: thus in 1997, 376,798 MSS tests were performed in France, yielding to the prenatal diagnosis of 391 cases of Down's syndrome. First trimester sonographic nuchal translucency measurement (NTM) is an effective screening method when performed under stringent conditions. Quality control however, is more difficult to implement on a large scale for NTM than for MSS. Performing screening tests sequentially carries a danger of generating an unnecessarily high number of amniocentesis, which may be obviated by a rational calculation of an individual's risk to carry an aneuploid baby. First trimester MSS is expected to become standard practice in the next years, probably in combination with NTM. Cytogenetics underwent substantial innovations recently, due to the ever-increasing use of molecular cytogenetics. FISH techniques allow: 1) precise analysis of unexpected structural chromosomal abnormalities diagnosed by routine amniocentesis, 2) rapid screening of the most common aneuploidies by amniocentesis when a fetal structural anomaly is detected by 3rd trimester ultrasound, 3) diagnosis of micro-deletions suspected by fetal ultrasound or post-mortem. Prenatal diagnosis by maternal blood sampling and fetal cells or DNA analysis is now part of routine clinical practice in selected cases, such as fetal sexing in families affected by an X linked disease. Thus one can select those pregnancies eligible to invasive prenatal diagnosis. Pre implantation diagnosis, which has not been legal in France until 1999 is now increasingly used as an alternative to first trimester diagnosis. As for fetal therapy, a major recent breakthrough is the prenatal management of twin to twin transfusion syndrome by either amnioreduction or laser coagulation of inter-twin vascular shunts. In addition, new pathophysiologic concepts involving the renin angiotestin system could lead to further therapeutic innovations. A European randomised trial is now being completed to establish the respective indications of drainage and Laser. All this underscores that fetal medicine is no longer solely a succession of dramatic technical breakthroughs, but is entered an era of large-scale diffusion that requires evidence based evaluation.
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Kentos A, Vekemans M, Van Vooren JP, Lambermont M, Liesnard C, Feremans W, Farber CM. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous CD34-positive blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in an HIV carrier. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 29:273-5. [PMID: 11859402 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2001] [Accepted: 11/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology and clinical outcome of multiple myeloma in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients is poorly documented. There are uncertainties concerning the optimal management of this rare disorder. We report on the use of myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in an HIV-positive patient with multiple myeloma.
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178
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Sanlaville D, Romana SP, Lapierre JM, Amiel J, Genevieve D, Ozilou C, Le Lorch M, Brisset S, Gosset P, Baumann C, Turleau C, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M. A CGH study of 27 patients with CHARGE association. Clin Genet 2002; 61:135-8. [PMID: 11940088 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE association is a non-random occurrence of congenital malformations including coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded growth and/or retarded development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies and/or deafness. The cause of this association remains unknown. Various genetic mechanisms have been proposed, including a contiguous gene syndrome but, so far, no recurrent locus has been identified. To address this question, we decided to perform a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study on a cohort of 27 patients with CHARGE association and a normal standard karyotype. We found two chromosomal anomalies: a der(9)t(9;13) derived from a paternal translocation and a der(6)t(4;6) of unknown origin. This suggests that chromosome imbalances may well mimic CHARGE association. Therefore patients with CHARGE association must be carefully tested with classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques to detect a potential chromosome imbalance. It is expected that more stringent diagnostic criteria of CHARGE association could define a more homogeneous group of patients where a single genetic cause might be identified.
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179
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Achour-Frydman N, Romana S, Ray P, Hamamah S, Marcadet-Fredet S, Tachdjian G, Vekemans M, Munnich A, Frydman R. O-59. Birth of the first 13 infants conceived after PGD in a Paris centre. Reprod Biomed Online 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(12)60078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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180
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Ray PF, Munnich A, Nisand I, Frydman R, Vekemans M, Viville S. The place of 'social sexing' in medicine and science. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:248-9. [PMID: 11756396 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.1.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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181
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Mégarbané A, Gosset P, Souraty N, Lapierre JM, Korban R, Zahed L, Samaras L, Vekemans M, Prieur M. Chromosome 10p11.2-p12.2 duplication: report of a patient and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 104:204-8. [PMID: 11754045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on a young male with mental retardation, slightly upslanting palpebral fissures, strabismus, high-arched palate, retrognathia, and flat feet. Cytogenetic analysis in addition to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) showed the presence of a chromosome 10p11.2-->p12.2 duplication. Karyotypes of the parents were normal. Comparison of the clinical findings observed in the present patient with those observed in other reported cases with duplication 10p suggest that the presence of high arched/cleft palate and retrognathia may be related to the 10p11.2-->p12.2 duplication. Also, no critical region for the trisomy 10p syndrome has been delimited.
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182
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Amiel J, Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Steffann J, Gosset P, Pelet A, Prieur M, Boute O, Choiset A, Lacombe D, Philip N, Le Merrer M, Tanaka H, Till M, Touraine R, Toutain A, Vekemans M, Munnich A, Lyonnet S. Large-scale deletions and SMADIP1 truncating mutations in syndromic Hirschsprung disease with involvement of midline structures. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:1370-7. [PMID: 11595972 PMCID: PMC1235547 DOI: 10.1086/324342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2001] [Accepted: 08/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a common malformation of neural-crest-derived enteric neurons that is frequently associated with other congenital abnormalities. The SMADIP1 gene recently has been recognized as disease causing in some patients with 2q22 chromosomal rearrangement, resulting in syndromic HSCR with mental retardation, with microcephaly, and with facial dysmorphism. We screened 19 patients with HSCR and mental retardation and eventually identified large-scale SMADIP1 deletions or truncating mutations in 8 of 19 patients. These results allow further delineation of the spectrum of malformations ascribed to SMADIP1 haploinsufficiency, which includes frequent features such as hypospadias and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Thus, SMADIP1, which encodes a transcriptional corepressor of Smad target genes, may play a role not only in the patterning of neural-crest-derived cells and of CNS but also in the development of midline structures in humans.
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183
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Frydman N, Romana S, Le Lorc'h M, Vekemans M, Frydman R, Tachdjian G. Assisting reproduction of infertile men carrying a Robertsonian translocation. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:2274-7. [PMID: 11679503 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.11.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to provide better genetic counselling for Robertsonian translocation carriers, the meiotic segregation of chromosomes 13, 14 and 21 from six infertile (13;14) and (14;21) Robertsonian translocation carriers was examined. METHODS Dual-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis using locus-specific probes was carried out on spermatozoa of translocation carriers. Spermatozoa from six proven fertile subjects were analysed using the same probes as controls. RESULTS We observed that the frequencies of unbalanced spermatozoa were similar in the (13;14) translocation carriers (9.0, 10.0 and 12.9%) and in the (14;21) translocation carriers (8.7, 7.2 and 7.0%). These frequencies were significantly increased compared with the control population (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This high frequency might justify the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in these patients where the translocation is usually associated with infertility, requiring intracytoplasmic sperm injection, as it might improve the outcome of the assisted reproduction technique.
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184
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De Leersnyder H, de Blois MC, Vekemans M, Sidi D, Villain E, Kindermans C, Munnich A. beta(1)-adrenergic antagonists improve sleep and behavioural disturbances in a circadian disorder, Smith-Magenis syndrome. J Med Genet 2001; 38:586-90. [PMID: 11546826 PMCID: PMC1734944 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.9.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a clinically recognisable contiguous gene syndrome ascribed to interstitial deletions of chromosome 17p11.2. Patients have a phase shift of their circadian rhythm of melatonin with a paradoxical diurnal secretion of the hormone. Serum melatonin levels and day-night behaviour were studied in nine SMS children (aged 4 to 17 years) given acebutolol, a selective beta(1)-adrenergic antagonist (10 mg/kg early in the morning). Cardiac examination, serum melatonin, motor activity recordings, and sleep diaries were monitored before and after drug administration. The present study shows that a single morning dose of acebutolol suppressed the inappropriate secretion of melatonin in SMS. A significant improvement of inappropriate behaviour with increased concentration, delayed sleep onset, increased hours of sleep, and delayed waking were also noted. These results suggest that beta(1)-adrenergic antagonists help to manage hyperactivity, enhance cognitive performance, and reduce sleep disorders in SMS.
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185
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Joly G, Lapierre JM, Ozilou C, Gosset P, Aurias A, de Blois MC, Prieur M, Raoul O, Colleaux L, Munnich A, Romana S, Vekemans M, Turleau C. Comparative genomic hybridisation in mentally retarded patients with dysmorphic features and a normal karyotype. Clin Genet 2001; 60:212-9. [PMID: 11595023 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Segmental aneusomy for small chromosomal regions has been shown to be a common cause of mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. A screening method for such chromosome aberrations that are not detected using standard cytogenetic techniques is needed. Recent studies have focused on detection of subtle terminal chromosome aberrations using subtelomeric probes. This approach however excludes significant regions of the genome where submicroscopic rearrangements are also liable to occur. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) for screening of submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements. CGH was performed in a cohort of 17 patients (14 families) with mental retardation, dysmorphic features and a normal karyotype. Five subtle unbalanced rearrangements were identified in 7 patients. Subsequent FISH studies confirmed these results. Although no interstitial submicroscopic rearrangement was detected in this small series, the study emphasises the value of CGH as a screening approach to detect subtle chromosome rearrangements in mentally retarded patients with dysmorphic features and a normal karyotype.
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186
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De Leersnyder H, De Blois MC, Claustrat B, Romana S, Albrecht U, Von Kleist-Retzow JC, Delobel B, Viot G, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Munnich A. Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome. J Pediatr 2001; 139:111-6. [PMID: 11445803 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), which causes behavioral problems and sleep disturbance. STUDY DESIGN Questionnaires, sleep consultations, and sleep diaries were obtained in 20 children with SMS (9 girls, 11 boys aged 4 to 17 years). Actigraphy, electroencephalography, and the circadian variations of plasma melatonin, cortisol, and growth hormone were recorded in 8 patients. Early sleep onset, early sleep offset, and sleep attack indicated sleep disturbance. RESULTS All children with SMS had a phase shift of their circadian rhythm of melatonin. Time at onset of melatonin secretion was 6 AM +/- 2 (control group: 9 P.M. +/- 2). Peak time was 12 PM +/- 1 (control group: 3:30 AM +/- 1:30), and melatonin offset was at 8 PM +/- 1 (control group: 6 AM +/- 1). Behavioral problems correlated with the inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin. CONCLUSION Considering that clock genes mediate the generation of circadian rhythms, we suggest that haploinsufficiency for a circadian system gene mapping to chromosome 17p11.2 may cause the inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in SMS.
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187
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Satgé D, Gembara P, Sasco AJ, Francannet C, Desjardins L, Vekemans M, Demeocq F. An infant with Down syndrome and retinoblastoma. A possible non-fortuitous association. Ophthalmic Genet 2001; 22:117-23. [PMID: 11449321 DOI: 10.1076/opge.22.2.117.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between Down syndrome and retinoblastoma. METHOD Presentation of a case report and review of the literature. RESULTS A retinoblastoma was observed in a 10-month-old boy with Down syndrome. A review of the literature yielded 14 other cases, suggesting a possible excess of retinoblastoma in Down syndrome, as previously proposed by two epidemiological studies. The possible roles of external physical agents and hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions of the retina in subjects with Down syndrome is discussed. CONCLUSION A positive association between Down syndrome and retinoblastoma is possible. An epidemiological study on this subject is needed to better ascertain this potential link.
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188
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Rio M, Ozilou C, Cormier-Daire V, Turleau C, Prieur M, Vekemans M, Chauveau P, Munnich A, Colleaux L. Partial maternal heterodisomy of chromosome 17q25 in a case of severe mental retardation. Hum Genet 2001; 108:511-5. [PMID: 11499677 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a segmental maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 17 (mat UPD17) in a 3-year-old boy presenting with hyperactivity, major instability, mental retardation and facial dysmorphism. Since conventional and high resolution karyotypes were normal, this patient was tested for cryptic telomeric rearrangements by using the recently developed fluorescent genotyping-based technology. The mat UPD17 segment extended for a small 11-cM region of the distal chromosome 17q. Trisomy 17 in circulating lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts was excluded. Our finding emphasizes the potential use of fluorescent genotyping to detect uniparental disomies and suggests that chromosome 17q25 should contain one or several imprinted genes of particular importance for brain development.
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189
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Colleaux L, Rio M, Heuertz S, Moindrault S, Turleau C, Ozilou C, Gosset P, Raoult O, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Amiel J, Le Merrer M, Picq M, de Blois MC, Prieur M, Romana S, Cornelis F, Vekemans M, Munnich A. A novel automated strategy for screening cryptic telomeric rearrangements in children with idiopathic mental retardation. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:319-27. [PMID: 11378819 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2000] [Revised: 10/24/2000] [Accepted: 10/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic unbalanced subtelomeric rearrangements are known to cause a significant proportion of idiopathic mental retardation in childhood. Because of the limited sensitivity of routine analyses, the cytogenetic detection of such rearrangements requires molecular techniques, namely FISH and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). An alternative approach consists in using genetic markers to detect segmental aneusomy. Here, we describe a new strategy based upon automated fluorescent genotyping to search for non mendelian segregation of telomeric microsatellites. A total of 29 individuals belonging to 24 unrelated families were screened and three abnormal patterns of segregation were detected (two rearrangements and one parental disomy). This study gives strong support to the view that cryptic telomeric rearrangements significantly contribute to idiopathic mental retardation and demonstrates that fluorescent genotyping is a very sensitive and cost-effective method to detect deletions, duplications and uniparental disomies.
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190
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Attié-Bitach T, Vekemans M, Encha-Razavi F. [Craniofacial development: morphogenesis and determinism]. Arch Pediatr 2001; 8 Suppl 2:390s-392s. [PMID: 11394128 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(01)80086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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191
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Ray PF, Vekemans M, Munnich A. Single cell multiplex PCR amplification of five dystrophin gene exons combined with gender determination. Mol Hum Reprod 2001; 7:489-94. [PMID: 11331673 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/7.5.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large deletions in the dystrophin gene account for > 60% of mutations responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We have developed a genetic test that can be used directly for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of a majority of couples at risk of transmitting DMD. The test, a double nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the amplification of exons 8, 19, 45, 47 and 51 allows the detection of over 70% of all DMD deletions. Amelogenin sequences on the X and the Y chromosomes were also co-amplified to provide a correlation between embryo gender and deletion status. The setting up of reliable single cell assays for preimplantation genetic diagnosis is delicate and time consuming. Assays have to be validated on a large number of single cells for each specific mutation to assess efficiency and accuracy before being applied clinically. The multiplex procedure permitted the validation of all tested loci in the same series of isolated lymphocytes rather than in separate series for each exon. One hundred single lymphocytes, 50 female and 50 male cells, were analysed with an overall amplification rate of 98% and an amplification failure of 2% per exon. We suggest that this test is reliable, easy to set up and much preferable to a mere sex determination with the selective transfer of female embryos.
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192
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Satgé D, Monteil P, Sasco AJ, Vital A, Ohgaki H, Geneix A, Malet P, Vekemans M, Réthoré MO. Aspects of intracranial and spinal tumors in patients with Down syndrome and report of a rapidly progressing Grade 2 astrocytoma. Cancer 2001; 91:1458-66. [PMID: 11301393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumors in patients with Down syndrome (DS) rarely are reported, and their behavior is not well known. METHODS The authors report on a male patient age 19 years who had DS with diffuse astrocytoma (World Health Organization Grade 2) that recurred twice despite treatment, leading to a glioblastoma and, finally, to death in just over 2 years. The literature on brain tumors in patients with DS is reviewed. RESULTS Although brain neoplasms were suspected to be in excess in patients with DS, the authors found only 36 patients with brain neoplasms and 2 spinal tumors. An unusual distribution of histologic tumor types, with an over-representation of germ cell and mesenchymal tumors and a lack of embryonal tumors, was observed, in agreement with what is known currently about the tumor profile of patients with DS. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral tumors in patients with DS have a specific distribution and may behave differently compared with the general population. These features may be related to the gene dosage effect of oncogenes, antioncogenes, and genes involved in cerebral development due to the supernumerary chromosome 21.
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193
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Elghezal H, Le Guyader G, Radford-Weiss I, Perot C, Van Den Akker J, Eydoux P, Vekemans M, Romana SP. Reassessment of childhood B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia karyotypes using spectral analysis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 30:383-92. [PMID: 11241791 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a stratified cohort of 51 childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) to evaluate the efficiency of spectral karyotyping (SKY) in the detection of chromosome aberrations previously diagnosed using chromosome banding and/or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Despite the small number of cases analyzed, several important features emerge from the study: (a) The result of banding analysis was revised in two-thirds of the cases. Eighty-three chromosome anomalies previously undetected or not characterized using chromosome banding were identified by spectral karyotyping, even in patients with apparently normal karyotypes. (b) All hyperdiploidy cases showed one or more extra copies of chromosomes X, 14, and 21. (c) Two hidden rearrangements, a t(7;12)(?p12;p13), and a new translocation, a t(9;12)(q31;p13), both involving the TEL gene, were characterized. (d) Some cryptic rearrangements, such as the der(21) t(12;21) translocation, remained undetected. (e) No new recurrent chromosome anomalies were discovered with this technique. In conclusion, the present study confirms the efficiency of the SKY technique in resolving and characterizing many complex chromosome anomalies seen in childhood B-ALLs, but it raises questions about the ability of this technique to detect cryptic rearrangements, such as the t(12;21) translocation.
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194
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Mégarbané A, Le Lorc'H M, Elghezal H, Joly G, Souraty N, Samaras L, Prieur M, Vekemans M, Turleau C, Romana SP. Pure partial 7p trisomy including the TWIST, HOXA, and GLI3 genes. J Med Genet 2001; 38:178-82. [PMID: 11303510 PMCID: PMC1734838 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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195
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Faivre L, Vekemans M, Sanlaville D, Munnich A, Cormier-Daire V. No evidence of unbalanced growth-related gene inheritance in a series of overgrowth syndrome patients. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 99:166-7. [PMID: 11241482 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(2000)9999:999<00::aid-ajmg1140>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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196
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Romana SP, Gosset P, Elghezal H, Le Lorc'h M, Ozilou C, Lapierre JM, Sanlaville D, Brisset S, Turleau C, Vekemans M. [Value of molecular cytogenetics in pre- and postnatal diagnostic of chromosome abnormalities]. JOURNAL DE GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE ET BIOLOGIE DE LA REPRODUCTION 2001; 30:75-9. [PMID: 11240520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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197
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Salomon R, Tellier AL, Attie-Bitach T, Amiel J, Vekemans M, Lyonnet S, Dureau P, Niaudet P, Gubler MC, Broyer M. PAX2 mutations in oligomeganephronia. Kidney Int 2001; 59:457-62. [PMID: 11168927 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligomeganephronia (OMN) is a rare congenital and usually sporadic anomaly. It is characterized by bilateral renal hypoplasia, with a reduced number of enlarged nephrons. The mechanisms involved in this deficient nephrogenesis are unknown. The paired box transcription factor PAX2 plays a fundamental role in renal development. Heterozygous Pax2 mutants in mice are characterized by renal hypoplasia and retinal defects, and in humans, PAX2 mutations have been described in the renal-coloboma syndrome. METHODS To assess whether OMN could be related to PAX2, we searched for PAX2 mutations in nine patients presenting with sporadic and apparently isolated OMN. RESULTS Heterozygous PAX2 mutations were found in three patients. A limited optic nerve coloboma was secondarily detected in two cases and a very mild optic disk dysplasia in one patient. None of these patients had visual impairment. CONCLUSIONS Ocular anomaly and PAX2 mutations should be sought in all patients with OMN.
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198
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M�garban� A, Gosset P, Souraty N, Lapierre J, Korban R, Zahed L, Samaras L, Vekemans M, Prieur M. Chromosome 10p11.2-p12.2 duplication: Report of a patient and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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199
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Rendtorff ND, Frödin M, Attié-Bitach T, Vekemans M, Tommerup N. Identification and characterization of an inner ear-expressed human melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA)-like gene (MIAL) with a frequent polymorphism that abolishes translation. Genomics 2001; 71:40-52. [PMID: 11161796 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To discover new cochlea-specific genes as candidate genes for nonsyndromic hearing impairment, we searched in The Institute of Genome Research database for expressed sequence tags isolated from the cochlea only. This led to the cloning and characterization of a human gene named melanoma inhibitory activity-like (MIAL; HGMW-approved symbol OTOR alias MIAL) gene. In situ hybridization revealed MIAL expression in a cell layer beneath the sensory epithelium of cochlea and vestibule of human fetal inner ear. No other human tissue, except fetal brain, showed expression of MIAL when analyzed by in situ hybridization or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cDNA of the mouse homologue was also cloned and mapped about 80 cM from the top of mouse chromosome 2. In mouse, Mial was also expressed in the cochlea and the vestibule of the inner ear, as well as in brain, eye, limb, and ovary. Expression in mammalian cell cultures showed that MIAL is translated as an approximately 15-kDa polypeptide that is assembled into a covalently linked homodimer, modified by sulfation, and secreted from the cells via the Golgi apparatus. In the human MIAL gene, a frequent polymorphism was discovered in the translation initiation codon (ACG instead of ATG). Of 505 individuals, 48 (9.5%) were ATG/ACG heterozygous and 1 (0.2%) was homozygous for ACG. No MIAL protein was synthesized in cells transfected with cDNA of the ACG allele. The inner ear-restricted expression pattern and the existence of an inactive allele suggest that MIAL may contribute to inner-ear dysfunction in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Brain/embryology
- Brefeldin A/pharmacology
- COS Cells
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Databases, Factual
- Ear, Inner/embryology
- Ear, Inner/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins
- Extremities/embryology
- Eye/embryology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Ovary/embryology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radiation Hybrid Mapping
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection
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200
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Satg� D, Monteil P, Sasco AJ, Vital A, Ohgaki H, Geneix A, Malet P, Vekemans M, R�thor� MO. Aspects of intracranial and spinal tumors in patients with Down syndrome and report of a rapidly progressing Grade 2 astrocytoma. Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010415)91:8<1458::aid-cncr1153>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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