Prophylactic activity of a phenanthrene methanol (WR 33063) and a quinoline methanol (WR 30090) in human malaria

WR 33063 (3-bromo-10-[alpha-hydroxy-beta-(n, n-diheptylamino)ethyl]-phenanthrene hydrochloride) and WR 30090 (6,8-dichloro-2,3,4-dichlorphenyl-di-n-butylaminoethyl-4- quinolinemethanol hydrochloride) were tested for suppressive prophylactic effect on induced malaria in nonimmune volunteers living in an area where malaria is not naturally transmitted. Doses of 800 mg of WR 33063 and 690 or 460 mg of WR 30090 were given at weekly intervals to men exposed on the day of the first dose to mosquitoes heavily infected with chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. WR 33063 did not interfere with early development of infection, but WR 30090 given for 8 weeks provided suppressive cures in 20 of 26 men. P. vivax infections similarly induced broke through WR 30090 treatment in 4 of 15 men, and most of the remainder experienced malaria after completion of the prophylactic course. No side effects of treatment were observed.

A phenanthrene methanol (WR 33063) for treatment of acute malaria

WR 33063, a phenanthrene methanol, was studied in human volunteers for tolerance and toxicity. In normal volunteers, it was possible to give 4.6 g in four divided doses without adverse effect for 10 days. At this dose level, there was neither evidence of photosensitivity nor adverse renal or cardiac effect. At a dose level of 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days, WR 33063 cured 18 of 23 nonimmune volunteers infected with the Smith strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Vietnam. In addition, infections due to the Marks and Braithwaite Vietnam strains were also treated because these strains represent a major therapeutic challenge to chloroquine; six of six and two of three volunteers, respectively, were cured. With the Malayan Camp strain, 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days cured all of five volunteers. The African Uganda I strain of chloroquine-responsive malaria was even more responsive to WR 33063; all of six men who received 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days were cured, and all of three men who received this same dosage for 3 days were cured. One subject infected with a Haitian strain of P. falciparum was treated and cured. Blood-induced infections with the Chesson strain of P. vivax also responded well to WR 33063 with four of five men cured. In all, 52 men received WR 33063 in tolerance trials, and 59 men with experimental malaria and one man with clinical malaria were treated with WR 33063.

Lack of enhanced oxygen consumption by polymorphonuclear leukocytes on phagocytosis of virulent Salmonella typhi

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exhibit an enhanced rate of oxygen consumption during phagocytosis of relatively avirulent strains of Salmonella typhi or Staphylococcus aureus. However, phagocytosis of a virulent strain of Salmonella typhi is not associated with augmented oxygen consumption. The ability of a bacterial strain to alter the postphagocytic rate of oxygen consumption of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be related to its in vivo virulence.