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Camley RE, Parker TJ, Smith SR. Reflection of electromagnetic radiation from structured metallic magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:5481-5487. [PMID: 9984156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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177
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Smith SR, Morgan L. Clinical significance of elevated soluble interleukin 6 receptor levels in patients with plasma cell disorders. Br J Haematol 1996; 92:767-8. [PMID: 8616053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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178
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Smith SR, O'Grady TC. Reticulated ephelides: 'inkspots' revisited. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1996; 132:353-4. [PMID: 8607650 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.132.3.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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179
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Smith SR, Auerbach B, Morgan L. Serum neural cell adhesion molecule in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. Br J Haematol 1996; 92:67-70. [PMID: 8562413 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Serum embryonic neural cell adhesion molecule (eNCAM) levels were measured at diagnosis in 92 patients with plasma cell disorders. Significantly elevated levels of serum eNCAM were detected in patients with multiple myeloma when compared to both normal controls and patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). Very high levels of serum eNCAM were seen in patients with high tumour burdens. There was a significant correlation between serum eNCAM and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) (r = 0.33; P = 0.002), but not between serum eNCAM and C-reactive protein or serum albumen. There was a trend towards longer survival for patients with low serum NCAM. The median survival of the low serum eNCAM group (eNCAM < 20 U/ml) was 36 months compared to 16 months for the high serum eNCAM group (log rank test chi 2 = 2.42, P = 0.1). Serum eNCAM is a new marker of tumour mass in multiple myeloma and correlates with clinical stage and beta 2m. Patients with low serum eNCAM levels may have a survival advantage. Serum eNCAM warrants further evaluation as a tumour marker and prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
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Sajjad A, Carey PA, Arnold IR, Smith SR. Infected right atrial thrombus presenting as pulmonary embolism complicating central venous cannulation. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1995; 311:1288. [PMID: 7496241 PMCID: PMC2551168 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7015.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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181
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Crisi GM, Santambrogio L, Hochwald GM, Smith SR, Carlino JA, Thorbecke GJ. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha-induced relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: protection by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:3035-40. [PMID: 7489740 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the ability of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to induce relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice that had partially or completely recovered from acute EAE. We find that a single injection of 0.05 mg SEB i.v. induces mild relapses in 50% of such mice. In addition, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (0.2 micrograms, i.p.) also induces EAE relapses in 43% of SJL mice when injected 1-2 months after recovery. SEB does not induce a second relapse if reinjected when V beta 17a+T cells are still partially deleted. In these mice, however, TNF-alpha is equally effective in inducing relapses as in mice that did not receive SEB previously. We showed earlier that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and TNF-alpha have antagonistic effects on experimental autoimmune diseases; e.g., in spontaneously relapsing EAE, TGF-beta and anti-TNF were protective, while anti-TGF-beta caused disease exacerbation. Interleukin (IL)-10 is also known to counteract certain TNF effects. We now find that both human IL-10 and TGF-beta 2 lower the incidence of EAE relapses when given simultaneously with SEB or TNF-alpha. The protective effect of TGF-beta is significant only against relapses induced by SEB (reduced to 9%), and that of IL-10 only against relapses induced by TNF (reduced to 0%) with the treatment regimens employed. Neutralizing anti-TGF-beta does not increase the incidence of SEB-induced EAE relapses. In contrast, anti-IL-10 increases both the incidence and the severity of such relapses. We conclude that TNF production is probably important in causing EAE relapses, but that other aspects of the SEB-induced reactivation of myelin-specific T cells also contribute. Furthermore, endogenous IL-10 rather than TGF-beta production appears to limit the susceptibility to induction of EAE relapses in this model.
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Withers BG, Smith SR, Evenson ET, Wiener HA, Fortune GJ, Svalina JS, Davila R. The Occupational Health Partnership Program: a new paradigm for occupational health services. Mil Med 1995; 160:489-91. [PMID: 7501194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For a variety of reasons, occupational health services at Army Material Command installations became severely strained during the 1980s. The Occupational Health Partnership Program, developed to improve this support, describes control, responsibility, and cost sharing between Army Materiel Command and Army Medical Command. This innovative approach is finding new solutions to challenging problems. The authors describe the history, principles, status, and possible future of the partnership program.
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Abstract
Five patients with plasma cell disorders and vertebral body lesions who presented with severe localised back pain associated with spinal instability are described. They underwent a total of six surgical spinal stabilisation procedures with excellent symptomatic relief. Spinal stabilisation was performed at presentation in 1 patient with a cervical spine lesion, and at sites of previously irradiated disease or recurrent disease in the other 4 patients. Stabilisation was achieved using various internal fixation techniques, and in 2 cases external fixation was obtained with a halo brace. The procedures were performed with minimal operative morbidity, and resulted in good symptom control. Spinal instability should be considered as a cause of severe localised back pain exacerbated by movement in patients with plasma cell disorders and vertebral body lesions. Operative spinal stabilisation should be considered as part of their management.
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Smith SR, Minda SA, Samsa GP, Harrell FE, Gunnells JC, Coffman TM, Butterly DW. Late withdrawal of cyclosporine in stable renal transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 26:487-94. [PMID: 7645557 DOI: 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of cyclosporine (CsA) in renal transplantation has been associated with an improvement in 1-year graft survival, but has not changed the rate of late graft loss. We sought to determine whether the intent to withdraw CsA late after renal transplantation affects renal transplant survival and whether there is a racial difference in the effect of CsA withdrawal. This retrospective study included 384 consecutive patients receiving a renal transplant during the 1984 to 1991 period who were treated with CsA/azathioprine/prednisone and who had a functioning allograft 6 months following transplantation. Of these, 97 were electively withdrawn from CsA at a median of 22 months following transplantation. Factors significantly associated with the decision to withdraw CsA included white race, older age, and lower serum creatinine. Acute rejection within 6 months of stopping CsA occurred in 12 patients (12.4%), including nine of 78 (11.5%) white patients and three of 19 (15.8%) black patients. For the group of 287 patients who were not withdrawn from CsA, the 6-year graft survival rate was 59% (95% confidence interval, 52%, 66%). For the group of patients taken off of CsA, the 6-year graft survival rate was 84% (95% confidence interval, 76%, 92%). Cox proportional hazard survival analysis indicated that the intent to discontinue CsA was associated with better graft survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.20, 0.70), independent of other variables that may affect graft survival. A separate analysis controlling for waiting time bias also favored the CsA withdrawal group. There was no detectable racial difference in the effect of CsA withdrawal on graft survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Smith SR. The Brown University School of Medicine Class of 1995. RHODE ISLAND MEDICINE 1995; 78:183-186. [PMID: 7655096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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186
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Smith SR, Brady JG. Stump the experts. Trichofolliculoma. Dermatol Surg 1995; 21:581, 652. [PMID: 7606366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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187
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Smith SR, Middleton PG, Birch PJ, Morgan L, Saunders PW. Longstanding proliferation of CD3 negative large granular lymphocytes preceding the development of high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48:672-5. [PMID: 7560179 PMCID: PMC502723 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.48.7.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A patient with a persistent CD3 negative large granular lymphocyte (LGL) proliferation with immunophenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer cells is described. The LGL proliferation persisted and six years after diagnosis the patient developed a high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Molecular studies demonstrated clonal B cell populations in the peripheral blood, distinct from that identified in the lymphoma, both at presentation with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and at complete remission following combination chemotherapy. It is postulated that T cell dysregulation associated with the CD3 negative LGL proliferation may have led to B cell dysfunction and loss of normal B cell control, with the subsequent development of a clonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Abstract
A case is presented in which each of the recipients of a pair of cadaveric kidneys developed metastatic carcinoma. One of the recipients died, and the other demonstrated involution of metastatic deposits after graft nephrectomy and withdrawal of immunosuppression. By the use of polymerase chain reaction of minisatellite regions of donor and recipient DNA, the donor origin of the tumor was conclusively demonstrated. Although a relatively uncommon complication of cadaveric renal transplantation, the transmission of cancer with cadaveric organs may become more frequent as older donors are accepted for organ donation.
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Smith SR, Kirkpatrick RC, Kerr JH, Mezebich D. Alopecia areata in a patient with pili annulati. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:816-8. [PMID: 7722034 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)91486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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191
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Garlisi CG, Falcone A, Kung TT, Stelts D, Pennline KJ, Beavis AJ, Smith SR, Egan RW, Umland SP. T cells are necessary for Th2 cytokine production and eosinophil accumulation in airways of antigen-challenged allergic mice. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1995; 75:75-83. [PMID: 7533686 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1995.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In a murine model of pulmonary inflammation, aerosolized antigen challenge of sensitized B6D2F1 mice leads to eosinophil accumulation within the lungs. Little is known of the role of T cells and their cytokine products in these allergic animals. In this study, we show that T cells migrate into the lungs in response to antigen challenge and are necessary for local production of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) important in B and T cell development as well as eosinophil activation and differentiation. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the percentage of Thy1+ T cells but not in B220+ B cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after challenge when compared to unchallenged mice. Although there was an increase in both T cell subsets, there were twice as many CD4+ cells as CD8+ cells at 24 hr and after 48 hr the CD4+ subset predominated. The CD4+ T lymphocytes were CD44+ CD45RBlo indicating an activated/memory phenotype and tracheobroncheal lymph node cells obtained from challenged mice proliferated in a dose-dependent manner in response to antigen stimulation in vitro. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of lung tissue-derived RNA indicated an increase in Th2-like cytokines. IL-4 and IL-5 steady-state mRNAs were at peak levels 6 hr after challenge, while no consistent increase was found for IFN-gamma mRNA levels. Treatment with the glucocorticoid betamethasone just prior to challenge reduced the levels of cytokine mRNA as well as the eosinophil influx. In vivo depletion of T cells from sensitized mice reduced pulmonary eosinophilia as well as the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma steady-state mRNAs in the lungs of sensitized and challenged mice. These results indicate that T cells migrating into the lungs of mice after antigen challenge play an important role in the production of Th2-like cytokines and the accumulation of eosinophils in bronchial fluids.
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Smith SR, Terminelli C, Pennline KJ, Kenworthy-Bott L, Donkin J, Calzetta A. Inhibitory effects of recombinant human interleukin 10 on disease manifestations in a P-->F1 model of acute graft versus host disease. Transplantation 1995; 59:890-6. [PMID: 7701586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with both antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. In the present study, we have examined the effects of recombinant human IL-10 (rHuIL-10) on the development of acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) in unirradiated (C57B1/6JxA/J) F1 recipients of parental A/J lymphocytes. rHuIL-10 (2.5 to 100 micrograms/mouse administered subcutaneously) caused a significant reduction in splenomegaly in GVH mice. GVH splenocytes exhibited an augmented capacity to produce IFN-gamma when stimulated in culture with Con A or LPS. The IFN gamma produced in response to LPS stimulation was found to be derived from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with little or no contribution from the NK1.1+ subpopulation of the GVH spleen. Treatment with IL-10 in vivo was found to diminish the capacity of splenocytes to produce IFN gamma when stimulated with LPS but not with Con A. IL-10 did not protect GVH mice from a lethal dose of LPS but caused a marked reduction in the serum TNF alpha response triggered by the LPS challenge. We conclude that IL-10 may be useful in controlling those clinical manifestations of acute GVHD that arise as a result of the activities of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN gamma and TNF alpha.
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Needleman IG, Pandya NV, Smith SR, Foyle DM. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis (Part 2--Controlled drug delivery). THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 1995; 3:111-7. [PMID: 8603153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since last reviewing the field, controlled release products have made the jump from research to clinical practice. The potential to extend the efficacy of periodontal therapy with such products is exciting, but also needs careful evaluation. This review will look at recent developments and also will examine the eventual place for these products in periodontics.
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Smith SR. The role of institutions and ideas in health care policy. JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS, POLICY AND LAW 1995; 20:385-389. [PMID: 7636128 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-20-2-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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195
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Smith SR, Foyle DM, Needleman IG, Pandya NV. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. (Part I--Systemic delivery. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY 1994; 3:79-86. [PMID: 8605507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release devices containing tetracyclines or metronidazole are now commercially available for use in periodontal pockets. This review, in two parts, evaluates the evidence for and against using antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis and considers the role for systemic and local delivery. Guidelines for antibiotic usage and recommended regimes are proposed.
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Abstract
Rats with either posterior parietal (PPC) or dorsal hippocampal (HIP) lesions were tested for open-field activity, acquisition of a multiple T water maze habit, and presence of a 'cognitive map' of the water maze arena. The performances of control and PPC-lesioned rats were similar on all behavioral measures. However, the HIP-damaged rats demonstrated higher levels of general activity, severe deficits in both working and reference memory in the multiple T water maze task, and failed to develop a cognitive map of the water maze arena.
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Smith SR, Foyle DM, Daniels J. An evaluation of a pre-scaling gel (SofScale) on the ease of supragingival calculus removal. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21:562-4. [PMID: 7989621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SofScale is a pre-scaling gel, containing disodium EDTA and sodium lauryl sulphate, which is claimed to soften calculus and therefore facilitate its removal. 31 subjects were treated in a double blind randomised placebo controlled split mouth study to evaluate this product. Test or placebo gels were applied to the lingual surfaces of the mandibular teeth for 4 min and the time taken to complete the removal of supragingival calculus recorded. The operator recorded on which side the calculus was considered easier to remove and the patient indicated how comfortable the scaling had been. The mean calculus index was 1.99 for the SofScale group and 1.97 for the placebo. The mean time taken to complete scaling was 5.31 min for both groups. Using the Student t-test, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.7) between either the calculus index or time taken to complete the scaling between the groups. The operator did not consider SofScale to facilitate calculus removal and patients did not find calculus removal more comfortable when SofScale had been used. There was no increased sensitivity in the SofScale group following scaling. The results of this study do not support the use of SofScale as an adjunct to scaling.
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Jack FR, Smith SR, Saunders PW. Idiopathic myelofibrosis: anaemia may respond to low-dose dexamethasone. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:877-8. [PMID: 7986736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb06759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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