[Experimental study of a decoction of yiguan jian]

In this paper, the decoction of Yiguan Jian is reported to have significant fatigue-resisting, hypoxia-resisting, antiinflammatory, sedative, analgesic, extracorporal bacterio-static actions, and also to strengthen the phagocytosis of Phagocytes. Besides, the drug can antagonize acetylcholine-induced spasm of isolated intestinal muscles in rabbits. The decoction has proved safe for use. This study provides some experimental basis for clinical use in nourishing yin, invigorating the liver and treating many diseases.

[Restriction map of E. coli shuttle plasmid (p# GTE5) with secretive function]

The shuttle plasmid (p# GTE5) DNA with secretive function was extracted by the alkali lysozyme method from E. coli RRI strain. Its molecular weight is 4.5 Md and DNA size is 6.9 Kb. Restriction fragments of plasmid was obtained by single and double enzymes complete digestion using five different restriction endonucleases. The restriction map of shuttle plasmid (p# GTE5) was established for the enzymes EcoRI, BglII, pstI, PvuII, and TaqI.

[Influence of emotional stress and behavior during acute myocardial infarction on prognosis]

Seventeen cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with emotional stress (group A) and 54 cases with basically stable emotion (group B) were compared with respect to three major complications (arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency of grade 3 and 4 and cardiogenic shock) and therapeutic effect. The results showed that the incidences of the three complications in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P less than 0.05), and the clinical condition was more serious in the former group. Response to narcotics showed that number of patients requiring more than 3 injections of either dolantine 50 mg or morphine 5 mg was significantly greater in group A than in group B (P less than 0.001). Sigma ST was not found to be significantly different between the two groups. However, the duration of elevation of ST segment was significantly longer in group A than in group B (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that relief of myocardial ischemia is slow in group A. There were five patients in group A with extended infarct size and died during the acute stage. None in the group B showed extension of infarction. The mortality rate in group A significantly higher than that in group B (53% VS 3.7%, P less than 0.001) and it bears no relation with sex, age and the site of infarction on admission. The greater the emotional upheaval the more unfavorable the prognosis. It is shown that excessive emotional stress is an important risk factor of AMI and aggressive measures are required to prevent worsening of the condition.

High-resolution electron microscopic investigation of supported platinum particles reduced at high temperatures

High-resolution electron microscopy has been used to characterize the platinum particles supported on TiO2 or ZnO. After reduction at elevated temperatures, the metallic particles display a regular, faceted shape, and several superstructures, Pt3 Ti(C), Pt3 Ti(H), PtTi, and PtZn, have been found. These results, which may involve strong metal-support interaction, have been confirmed by optical diffraction and image simulation.

A monoclonal antibody that induces T cell aggregation reacts with vascular endothelial cells and placental trophoblasts

We have found that a mouse monoclonal antibody (alpha Leu-13) to a 16 kilodalton human lymphocyte surface antigen reacts with vascular endothelial cells as determined by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections. In earlier studies, alpha Leu-13 was found to induce purified T cells to aggregate when added to cultures in nanogram concentrations. In the studies reported here, alpha Leu-13 stained vascular endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins in all organs examined from adults. It also reacted weakly with epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidney and with nonkeratinized basal epithelial cells of the cervix and esophagus. When a panel of tissues from a 14-wk-old fetus was examined, alpha Leu-13 was not found to react with endothelial cells of any specimen. However, it did stain medullary thymocytes and placental trophoblasts of this fetus. The implications of these findings to the possible function of the Leu-13 antigen in immune ontogeny are discussed.

A monoclonal antibody that induces T cell aggregation reacts with vascular endothelial cells and placental trophoblasts

We have found that a mouse monoclonal antibody (alpha Leu-13) to a 16 kilodalton human lymphocyte surface antigen reacts with vascular endothelial cells as determined by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections. In earlier studies, alpha Leu-13 was found to induce purified T cells to aggregate when added to cultures in nanogram concentrations. In the studies reported here, alpha Leu-13 stained vascular endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins in all organs examined from adults. It also reacted weakly with epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidney and with nonkeratinized basal epithelial cells of the cervix and esophagus. When a panel of tissues from a 14-wk-old fetus was examined, alpha Leu-13 was not found to react with endothelial cells of any specimen. However, it did stain medullary thymocytes and placental trophoblasts of this fetus. The implications of these findings to the possible function of the Leu-13 antigen in immune ontogeny are discussed.

Identification with the monoclonal antibody 26.163 of a determinant shared by the beta chains of the gene products of the HLA-DR, DQ, and DP loci

Immunochemical studies (sequential immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) have shown that the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 26.163 reacts with HLA-DR, DQ, and DP antigens. Testing with isolated alpha and beta chains of HLA class II antigens and immunoblot analysis also demonstrated that the determinant defined by the MoAb 26.163 is localized on beta chains and does not require their association with alpha chains for its expression. The MoAb 26.163 appears to be the first example of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the gene products of HLA-DR, DQ, and DP loci.

Gene products of the HLA-D region in normal and malignant tissues of nonlymphoid origin

Indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies has shown a differential distribution of HLA-DR, DQ, and DP antigens in normal tissues of nonlymphoid origin. The distribution of HLA-DP antigens is similar to that of HLA-DR antigens, while that of HLA-DQ antigens is more restricted. Malignant transformation of cells of nonlymphoid origin may be associated with the appearance of the gene products of the HLA-D region. HLA-DR antigens appear more frequently than the other two types of HLA class II antigens and HLA-DP antigens more frequently than HLA-DQ antigens. Differential expression of the gene products of the HLA-D region was also found in autologous metastases removed from different anatomic sites from patients with melanoma. The HLA class II phenotype of surgically removed malignant lesions did not correlate with the degree of differentiation of tumor cells and/or with the expression and/or cellular distribution of HLA class I antigens. Furthermore, in melanoma lesions, no relationship was found between the HLA class II phenotype and the expression of 3 membrane bound and 1 cytoplasmic melanoma associated antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies. The functional significance and the practical implications of the differential expression of the gene products of the HLA-D region by tumor cells are discussed.

Induction of T cell aggregation by antibody to a 16kd human leukocyte surface antigen

We describe studies of a human leukocyte antigen, termed Leu-13, that is defined by a mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts with T and B lymphocytes. Optimal staining of T cells requires a much higher concentration of alpha Leu-13 (greater than or equal to 200 micrograms/ml) than alpha Leu-4 (6 micrograms/ml). However, the fluorescence intensity of T cells labeled with alpha Leu-13, washed and kept at 4 degrees C for different periods, does not diminish more rapidly than the fluorescence of T cells stained with alpha Leu-4 and treated the same way. These results indicate that the novel binding pattern of alpha Leu-13 is not due to weak affinity. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis indicates that alpha Leu-13 precipitates a major 16-kilodalton (16kd) band and a minor 26kd component from Nonidet P-40-solubilized membrane of normal T cells that are surface-labeled with 125I. The similar sizes of the 16kd to 26kd (Leu-13) and 22kd to 28kd (Leu-4) molecules prompted us to compare the capacity of alpha Leu-13 and alpha Leu-4 to trigger T cell functions, and to co-modulate and co-precipitate the T cell antigen receptor. Unlike alpha Leu-4, alpha Leu-13 does not trigger T cell proliferation or augment NK activity, but inhibits the mitogenic effect of alpha Leu-4/T3 antibodies. alpha Leu-13 also induces T cells to clump into large aggregates after 16 hr of culture at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. T cell aggregation is triggered by concentrations of alpha Leu-13 as low as 12.5 ng/ml. At this concentration, alpha Leu-13 is not detectable on the surface of T cells by indirect immunofluorescence analysis in a FACS. On leukemic T cells, alpha Leu-4 was found to co-modulate and co-precipitate a 38kd to 44kd dimer having apparent idiotypic determinants, whereas alpha Leu-13 did not. The possible significance of these findings to immune regulation by T cells is discussed.

Induction of T cell aggregation by antibody to a 16kd human leukocyte surface antigen

We describe studies of a human leukocyte antigen, termed Leu-13, that is defined by a mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts with T and B lymphocytes. Optimal staining of T cells requires a much higher concentration of alpha Leu-13 (greater than or equal to 200 micrograms/ml) than alpha Leu-4 (6 micrograms/ml). However, the fluorescence intensity of T cells labeled with alpha Leu-13, washed and kept at 4 degrees C for different periods, does not diminish more rapidly than the fluorescence of T cells stained with alpha Leu-4 and treated the same way. These results indicate that the novel binding pattern of alpha Leu-13 is not due to weak affinity. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis indicates that alpha Leu-13 precipitates a major 16-kilodalton (16kd) band and a minor 26kd component from Nonidet P-40-solubilized membrane of normal T cells that are surface-labeled with 125I. The similar sizes of the 16kd to 26kd (Leu-13) and 22kd to 28kd (Leu-4) molecules prompted us to compare the capacity of alpha Leu-13 and alpha Leu-4 to trigger T cell functions, and to co-modulate and co-precipitate the T cell antigen receptor. Unlike alpha Leu-4, alpha Leu-13 does not trigger T cell proliferation or augment NK activity, but inhibits the mitogenic effect of alpha Leu-4/T3 antibodies. alpha Leu-13 also induces T cells to clump into large aggregates after 16 hr of culture at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. T cell aggregation is triggered by concentrations of alpha Leu-13 as low as 12.5 ng/ml. At this concentration, alpha Leu-13 is not detectable on the surface of T cells by indirect immunofluorescence analysis in a FACS. On leukemic T cells, alpha Leu-4 was found to co-modulate and co-precipitate a 38kd to 44kd dimer having apparent idiotypic determinants, whereas alpha Leu-13 did not. The possible significance of these findings to immune regulation by T cells is discussed.

Characterization and expression of the HLA-DC antigens defined by anti-Leu 10

The expression of HLA-DC antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in tonsil and lymph node tissue sections, on tumor cell lines, and on activated T cells was studied using monoclonal antibody, anti-Leu 10. Anti-Leu 10 reacts with HLA-DC molecules on homozygous B cell lines expressing HLA-DR 1,2,4,5,6,8, and 9. It reacts with heterozygous B lymphocytes expressing DR7 and DRw10, suggesting it also recognizes HLA-DC molecules linked to DRw10. The HLA-DC molecules detected by anti-Leu 10 are expressed on all Ig-positive and DR-positive peripheral B lymphocytes and an apparent subpopulation of DR-positive peripheral blood monocytes. Two-color immunofluorescence experiments using phycoerythrin-anti-HLA-DR (L243) and FITC-anti-Leu 10 demonstrated a correlation of the amounts of HLA-DR and DC antigens expressed on B lymphocytes. Cells expressing relatively low, or high amounts of one Class II molecule express respectively low or high amounts of the other Class II molecule. Anti-Leu 10 reacted with all B lymphocyte derived tumor cell lines not with lines of myeloid or erythroid origin, and with only one T cell derived line, HUT-78 which has an activated T cell phenotype. Consistent with this result, anti-Leu 10 binding suggested the presence of HLA-DC on activated T cells in lymphoid tissue, in addition to staining B cells. HLA-DC was also detected on mitogen and MLC activated T cells by anti-Leu 10 binding. Anti-Leu 10 is, therefore, a useful reagent for further studies of the role of HLA-DC in T cell activation and in normal B cell and monocyte functions.