3951
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Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Yamada M, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Hirata KS, Kajita T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Koshiba M, Suda T, Tajima T, Fukuda Y, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Kaneyuki K, Tanimori T, Beier EW, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Search for fractionally charged particles in Kamiokande II. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 43:2843-2846. [PMID: 10013681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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3952
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Zhang W, Avignon M, Bennemann KH. Effect of hopping between oxygen atoms on the metal-insulator transition in CuO2 planes of high-Tc superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:11426-11428. [PMID: 9996889 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3953
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Zhang W, Ma D, Zhang Y, Gao Y. [Experiment on stability of total flavones in guanshu tablet]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991; 16:284-5, 318. [PMID: 1781894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the study on the stability of total flavones in guanshu tablet by heating and accelerating method. Taking the total flavone contents of the tablet as the index, the time of validity of guanshu tablet at room temperature 25 degrees C is calculated to be 9.6 years by chemical kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- General Hospital Jinan Military Zone
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3954
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Chan CC, Roberge FG, Ni M, Zhang W, Nussenblatt RB. Injury of Müller cells increases the incidence of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1991; 59:201-7. [PMID: 2009640 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells have been shown to have a dual effect in vitro on autoimmune T helper lymphocytes. In a coculture system, Müller cells have a primary inhibitory effect on the proliferation of T lymphocytes. In conditions where their inhibitory action is suppressed, Müller cells can, however, stimulate T cells. In the present study we evaluated the in vivo effect of Müller cells on actively induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Ten millimoles of L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA), a specific gliotoxic agent, was injected into the vitreous of one eye of Wistar-Furth (WF) rats (a low EAU responder) on the day of immunization. Control rats were injected similarly with phosphate-buffered saline alone. The rats were immunized with S-antigen in CFA or in CFA alone. The results demonstrate that the incidence of EAU increases twofold in the eyes receiving an intravitreal injection of L-AAA in comparison to the contralateral eyes not receiving an injection. No such difference in EAU incidence was observed in control animals. Some rats that had been immunized with CFA alone after an intravitreal injection of L-AAA demonstrated a small amount of retinal perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate but did not develop typical EAU lesions. The retinal vasculature was normal on examination by fluorescein angiography after injection of L-AAA. These data suggest that Müller cells can influence the course of uveoretinitis through their interaction with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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3955
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3956
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Zhang W, Fu XS, Cheng CP. [Free tyrosine and progesterone receptor contents in the rat uterine endometrial cytosol during oestrous cycle]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1991; 43:178-83. [PMID: 2068588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Free tyrosine in the rat uterine endometrial cytosol at different phases of the oestrous cycle was measured by HPLC. It was found that the content of tyrosine varied at different phases of the oestrous cycle in the normal rat, i.e. being lowest in proestrus and highest in metestrus, while the progesterone receptor content in the same cytosol sample determined by radio-receptor technique showed an opposite relationship. Experiments showed that the tyrosine content and progesterone receptor content displayed periodic but opposite changes at the two phases of the oestrous cycle. Furthermore, administration of tyrosine to the uterine lumen decreased significantly the contents of progesterone receptor in proestrus, oestrus and diestrus, but not in metestrus. It is suggested that tyrosine might exert a certain regulatory influence on the progesterone receptor content in rat uterine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University
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3957
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Alexandreas DE, Allen RC, Berley D, Biller SD, Burman RL, Cady DR, Chang CY, Dingus BL, Dion GM, Ellsworth RW, Gilra MK, Goodman JA, Gupta S, Haines TJ, Hoffman CM, Krakauer DA, Kwok P, Lloyd-Evans J, Lu XQ, Nagle DE, Potter ME, Sandberg VD, Stark MJ, Talaga RL, Vishwanath PR, Yodh GB, Zhang W. Observation of shadowing of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays by the Moon and the Sun. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 43:1735-1738. [PMID: 10013548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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3958
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Zhang W, Sakai N, Fu T, Okano Y, Hirayama H, Takenaka K, Yamada H, Nozawa Y. Diacylglycerol formation and DNA synthesis in endothelin-stimulated rat C6 glioma cells: the possible role of phosphatidylcholine breakdown. Neurosci Lett 1991; 123:164-6. [PMID: 2027529 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90921-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of C6 cells with endothelin-1 (ET) caused a biphasic sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DG) generation, which occurred not only via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-P2 (PIP2) hydrolysis by specific phospholipase C action, but also through the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PC) induced by either PC phospholipase C or D. ET also stimulated DNA synthesis in serum-starved C6 cells. However, in the presence of 1-(5-isoquinolynylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, the [3H]thymidine incorporation was markedly inhibited, which was concurrent with the 1,2-DG formation: the second peak was reduced. These findings suggest that brain glial cells might be an important target for ET. In addition to other possible roles, ET may also mediate mitogenesis in the brain, presumably through a PKC-dependent activation of phospholipase C and/or D hydrolyzing PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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3959
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Zhang W. [Nutrition and patients with cancer]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1991; 26:67-9. [PMID: 1900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3960
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Abstract
One hundred forty-two patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers were treated by PDT from September 1982 to December 1988. Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) (5 mg/kg) was given intravenously 48-72 hours before PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The entire tumor was irradiated with a light dose of 100-250 J/cm 2. Fifteen patients (10.6%) had a complete response, 53 (37.3%) had a partial response, and 32 (22.5%) had a mild response. In all, 100 patients (70.4%) had a response to PDT. The experiments and clinical results show that the estimated energy dose (EED) value 200-250 J/cm 2 is appropriate. All patients were treated by PDT and adjuvant chemotherapy and showed good results with a follow-up of 1-5 years. Thirteen of 15 patients in the CR group are alive (86.7%), and 12 patients survived more than 2 years (8.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jin
- Gastric Diseases Unit, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, People's Republic of China
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3961
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Zhang W, Itoh K, Tanida J, Ichioka Y. Hopfield model with multistate neurons and its optoelectronic implementation. Appl Opt 1991; 30:195-200. [PMID: 20581969 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A Hopfield model with multistate neurons is described. This model is able to deal with multivalued problems such as restoring a degraded image with gray level equivalent to that produced by the two-states model, but needs many less neurons and interconnections. The performance of this model is compared with that of the linear model, and it is concluded that the multistate neuron model can produce convergence more quickly. Finally, a hybrid system for the implementation of this model is discussed.
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3962
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Hirata KS, Inoue K, Kajita T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Nishijima K, Suda T, Tajima T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Fukuda Y, Kodera E, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Kaneyuki K, Tanimori T, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Search for day-night and semiannual variations in the solar neutrino flux observed in the Kamiokande-II detector. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:9-12. [PMID: 10043129 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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3963
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3964
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Zhang W, Avignon M, Bennemann KH. Theory for the density of states and antiferromagnetism in CuO2 planes of high-Tc superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:10192-10198. [PMID: 9995277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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3965
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Abstract
We compared, by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining, the distribution of the alpha subunit of Go in human normal brain tissue with that in human brain tumours of neuroectodermal origin. The ten tumour samples included seven high-grade astrocytomas (grades III and IV) and three low-grade astrocytomas (grade II). Immunoreactivity of high-grade astrocytomas with the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha) antibody was lower than that of low-grade astrocytomas and normal white matter. In the immunohistochemical study, neoplastic cells in the astrocytomas were found to contain little or no significant Go alpha, although nonlesional white matter was strongly stained with Go alpha antibody. This study suggests that Go alpha antibody may assist in defining the boundary of an astrocytoma, and the difference in Go content may affect the alteration in the physical properties of the membrane, which exhibit, in part, the character of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takenaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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3966
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Fu T, Okano Y, Zhang W, Ozeki T, Mitsui Y, Nozawa Y. Receptor-linked early events induced by vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) on neuroblastoma and vascular smooth-muscle cells. Biochem J 1990; 272:71-7. [PMID: 2124805 PMCID: PMC1149658 DOI: 10.1042/bj2720071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) caused a series of biochemical events, including the temporal biphasic accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), transient formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and increase in intracellular free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in neuroblastoma NG108-15 cells. In these cellular responses, VIC was found to be much more potent in NG108-15 cells than in cultured rat vascular smooth-muscle cells. The single cell [Ca2+]i assay revealed that in the presence of nifedipine (1 microM) or EGTA (1 mM), the peak [Ca2+]i declined more rapidly to the resting level in VIC-stimulated NG108-15 cells, indicating that the receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is followed by Ca2+ influx through the nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channel. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin only partially decreased Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation as well as the [Ca2+]i transient induced by VIC, whereas these events induced by endothelin-1 were not affected by the toxin, suggesting involvement of distinct GTP-binding proteins. The VIC-induced transient Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation coincident with the first early peak of DAG formation suggested that PtdIns(4,5)P2 is a principal source of the first DAG increase. Labelling studies with [3H]myristate, [14C]palmitate and [3H]choline indicated that in neuroblastoma cells phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was hydrolysed by a phospholipase C to cause the second sustained DAG increase. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by prolonged pretreatment with phorbol ester markedly prevented the VIC-induced delayed DAG accumulation. Furthermore, chelation of intracellular CA2+ completely abolished the second sustained phase of DAG production. These findings suggest that PtdCho hydrolysis is responsible for the sustained production of DAG and is dependent on both Ca2+ and PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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3967
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Zhang W, Itoh K, Tanida J, Ichioka Y. Parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections and its optical architecture. Appl Opt 1990; 29:4790-7. [PMID: 20577468 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.004790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a parallel distributed processing model with local space-invariant interconnections, which is more readily implemented by optics and is able to classify patterns correctly, even if they have been shifted or distorted. Error backpropagation is used as a training algorithm. Computer simulation results presented indicate that the processing is effective and the network can deal with the shifted or distorted patterns. Moreover, the optical implementation architecture using matched filters for the model is discussed.
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3968
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Xu C, Wang M, Zhang W. [Action of traditional Chinese medicines on DNA reproduction in liver cells in vitro]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990; 15:691-3, 704. [PMID: 2282163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The action of 11 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine on DNA reproduction in hepatic cells was studied with microradiographic auto-development. The result shows that all the medicines can promote and strengthen the DNA reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
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3969
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Abstract
Synthetic peptides P37-49 and P63-79, derived from the pre-S region of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), have been synthesized. Only P37-49 was reactive with rabbit anti-DHBs/pre-S antibodies by radioimmunoprecipitation. Antiserum prepared against P37-47 reacted with a 35K polypeptide of native DHBs/pre-S by immunoblotting. It is concluded that P37-49 (MGQHPAKSMDVRR) mimics one of the epitopes of the DHBV pre-S antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Medical University, People's Republic of China
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3970
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Hirata KS, Inoue K, Kajita T, Kifune T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Suda T, Tajima T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Fukuda Y, Kodera E, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Kaneyuki K, Tanimori T, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Results from one thousand days of real-time, directional solar-neutrino data. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:1297-1300. [PMID: 10042228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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3971
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Hirata KS, Inoue K, Kajita T, Kifune T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Suda T, Tajima T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Fukuda Y, Kodera E, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Kaneyuki K, Tanimori T, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Constraints on neutrino-oscillation parameters from the Kamiokande-II solar-neutrino data. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:1301-1304. [PMID: 10042229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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3972
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Madey R, Zhang W, Anderson BD, Baldwin AR, Elaasar M, Flanders BS, Keane D, Pairsuwan W, Varga J, Watson JW, Westfall GD, Hartnack C, Stöcker H, Frankel K. Inclusive neutron cross sections at forward angles from Nb-Nb and Au-Au collisions at 800 MeV/nucleon. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:1068-1076. [PMID: 9966822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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3973
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Abstract
Patients (142) with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) from September 1982 to December 1988. Haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) (5 mg kg-1) was intravenously given 48-72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser emitting at 630 nm. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100-250 J cm-2. Fifteen patients (10.6%) showed complete response (CR), 53 (37.3%) showed partial response (PR) and 32 (22.5%) showed mild response (MR). The clinical results show that the estimated energy dose (EED) of 200-250 J cm-2 is appropriate. All patients were treated by PDT and adjuvant chemotherapy showing good results with a follow-up of 1-5 years; 13 out of 15 patients in the CR group are alive (86.7%); 12 patients survived more than 2 years (8.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jin
- Gastric Diseases Research Unit, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Western District, China
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3974
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Liu Y, Yan M, Wang T, Pan M, Zhang W. [Effects of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms on coronary flow in isolated perfused guinea-pig heart and arrhythmia in other animals]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990; 15:494-6, 513. [PMID: 2093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Shenyang College of Pharmacy
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3975
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Zhang W, Holzknecht RA, Butkowski RJ, Tuchman M. Immunochemical analysis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamylase deficient livers: elevated N-acetylglutamate level in a liver lacking carbamyl phosphate synthetase protein. CLIN INVEST MED 1990; 13:183-8. [PMID: 2208834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue from 3 patients with carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency and 11 patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was analyzed by Western blots for the presence of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamylase cross-reactive material with anti-rat enzyme antibodies. One patient with carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency had no cross-reactive material with the antibody to this enzyme, one had reduced amounts, and one had similar to normal amounts. Only one of the patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency had apparently normal amounts of enzyme protein in his liver, another patient had markedly reduced amounts, and the other nine patients had traces or absence of reactive ornithine transcarbamylase protein. N-acetylglutamate content in the carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficient liver with absent enzyme protein, was higher (98.4 nmol/g) than that measured in 5 normal controls (41.6 +/- 19.3 mean +/- SD, n = 5) and much higher than the N-acetylglutamate level (2.2 nmol/g) in another carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficient liver with normal amounts of enzyme protein. Hepatic N-acetylglutamate content in 3 patients with complete ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was below the normal mean but within 2 standard deviations from the mean (8.5-12.8 nmol/g) whereas it was higher (30.7 nmol/g) in another partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient. Most patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency have markedly reduced or undetectable enzyme protein in their liver, therefore. Western blot analysis could help to establish this diagnosis in most patients. Absent carbamyl phosphate synthetase I enzyme protein may have caused elevation of the hepatic content of its cofactor, N-acetylglutamate, by an as yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
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3976
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Abstract
In this study, myosin heavy chain from sea urchin pluteus larvae was characterized by analysis of a 2.5-kb cDNA clone. DNA sequence of 1465 bp demonstrated a 71% similarity in the deduced amino acid sequence to the embryonic rat skeletal muscle sequence. Antibodies generated against a polypeptide encoded by the open reading frame of the cDNA clone specifically identified a 210-kDa myosin protein which accumulated in 8-12 muscle cells differentiating bilateral to the esophagus beginning at early larval stages. This same myosin also accumulated in cells of the endodermal epithelium that comprise the three sphincters of the larval gut. Thus, a gene encoding myosin heavy chain is expressed in dissimilar cell types of the macromere lineage, and the pattern of accumulation in the gut identifies functionally distinct cells of the endodermal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wessel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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3977
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Abstract
Narrow-band noise masking patterns were measured at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz in the chinchilla using the auditory evoked response from the inferior colliculus. At low masker levels, the masking profiles were symmetrical and centered on the masker. However, as masker level increased, the masking profiles spread predominantly toward the high frequencies. The masking profiles obtained at 0.5 and 1 kHz, exhibited a broad plateau extending 1-2 octaves above the masker at the highest masker level (70 dB SPL) whereas those obtained at 2 and 4 kHz showed a peak. In contrast to tone-on-tone masking profiles, none of the narrow-band noise masking profiles contained a low-threshold notch on the high frequency side of the masker. The evoked response masking profiles obtained in the chinchilla were slightly wider, but qualitatively similar to those measured psychophysically in humans. Thus, the evoked response narrow-band noise masking profiles may provide a convenient way of evaluating the spread of masking in difficult-to-test subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214
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3978
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Alexandreas DE, Allen RC, Berley D, Biller SD, Burman RL, Cady R, Chang CY, Dingus BL, Dion GM, Ellsworth RW, Goodman JA, Haines TJ, Hoffman CM, Lloyd-Evans J, Lu XQ, Nagle DE, Potter ME, Sandberg VD, Stark MJ, Talaga RL, Vishwanath PR, Yodh GB, Zhang W. Study of Cygnus X-3 at ultrahigh energies during the 1989 radio outbursts. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 64:2973-2975. [PMID: 10041862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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3979
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3980
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Zhang W. Squeezing-enhanced and -reduced atomic-level splitting in two-photon dynamics. Phys Rev A 1990; 41:6393-6399. [PMID: 9903038 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.6393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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3981
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Chi P, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Hasyet M, Liu F, Ding Z, Andersen FL, Tolley HD, Schantz PM. Cystic echinococcosis in the Xinjiang/Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. I. Demographic and epidemiologic data. Trop Med Parasitol 1990; 41:157-62. [PMID: 2382094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Demographic and epidemiologic data on those factors potentially related to the prevalence and transmission of hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus were collected in 1987 from each household in 85 villages in the two communities of Yuanhucun and Ershilidian within Hutubi County in the Xinjiang/Uygur Autonomous Region, PRC, with additional questionnaire data collected from approximately 40 households randomly selected from each of 16 villages within those communities. Yuanhucun and Ershilidian represent a combined area of 522.7 square km, and have 4,853 households with 25,684 inhabitants. Of those households, 69.9% are of the Han ethnic group, 22.1% Hui, 5.3% Uygur, and 2.7% Kazak. The total number of animals censused included 4,169 dogs, 41,369 sheep, 3,673 goats, 2,639 cattle, 5,400 pigs, 1,472 horses, and 59 donkeys. Levels of infection of the causative organism of cystic hydatid disease in various hosts were: dogs harboring Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms - 63 (16.2%) positive of 390 examined in 16 villages; domestic animals with hydatid cysts - 1,593 (88.6%) sheep of 1,797 examined, 69 (56.1%) of 123 goats, and 47 (94.0%) of 50 cattle; and 15 surgeries in inhabitants from 85 villages during the last 16 months prior to completion of the survey (annual case rate of 43.8/100,000). Questionnaire data collected from inhabitants in 16 villages showed that about 82% of the families owned at least one dog and 78% owned sheep. Of those families with sheep, most (84%) killed sheep for meat at least periodically, 76% had seen hydatid cysts in liver or lungs of butchered animals, and 77% routinely gave raw offal to their dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chi
- Joint project on Epidemiology of Hydatid Disease, Xinjiang/Uygur Autonomous Region, PRC
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3982
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Zhang W, Sakai N, Yamada H, Fu T, Nozawa Y. Endothelin-1 induces intracellular calcium rise and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in cultured rat and human glioma cells. Neurosci Lett 1990; 112:199-204. [PMID: 2193256 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90203-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of endothelin-1 (ET) on the signal transduction in rat and human glioma cell line cells have been investigated. ET was found to initiate the increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels in both C6 and A-172 cells, which was concurrent with the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3(1,4,5)). In the presence of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in the incubation media, the duration of the intracellular calcium response was reduced, indicating that the ET-induced increase of intracellular calcium in glioma cells may be mediated by a dual mechanism, intracellular calcium mobilization and influx of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that ET may also act as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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3983
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Abstract
The 5' flanking DNA of three related Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genes, Spec1, Spec2a, and Spec2c, were analyzed with respect to structure and cis-regulatory activity. The structural features of DNA sequences upstream of the first intron were highly unusual and implicated certain regions as sites of coordinate control for gene expression. By aligning the genes with a common upstream 600-bp repetitive DNA sequence element, termed RSR, it was shown that a conserved DNA block of approximately 800 bp extended from the 3' end of the first exon to the 5' end of the RSR element. In Spec2a, the conserved sequence block was a continuous stretch of DNA, but in Spec1 and Spec2c, 2.5 to 3 kb of inserted DNA bounded by short direct repeats interrupted the conserved sequence block, thus changing the relative placement of the RSR element and other 5' flanking DNA. Deletion of XhoI fragments containing the 5' half but not the 3' half of the RSR element resulted in a significant decrease in chloroamphenicolacetyl transferase (CAT) activity when Spec-CAT reporter gene fusion plasmids were injected into Lytechinus pictus eggs. These results strongly suggested, but did not prove, that the sequences held in common among the XhoI fragments, that is, the 5' half of the RSR elements, were responsible for the decrease in CAT activity. The Spec2a gene was particularly sensitive to deletions of the XhoI fragment containing the 5' half of the RSR element. The deleted element had several enhancer-like properties when inserted back into various test plasmids: it could be positioned in locations different from the transcriptional start site; in some but not all cases, it could be made to work in the reverse orientation; and it could drive expression of the CAT gene using an SV40 promoter or cryptic promoter elements. These findings suggested that an enhancer-like element important for Spec gene expression was contained within a repetitive DNA sequence. Genomic DNA blots suggested that there are many more of these RSR elements than there are Spec genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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3984
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Zhang XT, Wang SK, Zhang W, Wang XF. Measurement and study of the nose and face and their correlations in the young adult of Han nationality. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 85:532-6. [PMID: 2315393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of 13 items in the face and nose of 220 young adults (110 males and 110 females) of the Han nationality between the ages of 18 and 21 years has been done in the Henan Province of China. The means and standard deviations have been obtained, and the significant differences in many items between males and females have been proved. Some items influencing outer nasal shape have been analyzed. The correlations between nose height, nose length, and morphologic facial height and physiognomic facial height have been discussed. The ratio and amount of nasal breadth to facial breadth and nasal breadth to interocular breadth have been compared and analyzed, and the differences among the different races and between the sexes have been explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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3985
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Hu CZ, Huang CR, Rong S, Zhang W, Wu J, Pilot T. Periodontal conditions in elderly people of Shanghai, People's Republic of China, in 1986. Community Dent Health 1990; 7:69-71. [PMID: 2357610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a stratified multi-stage random sample, 1600 persons of 60 years and older in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, were investigated for periodontal conditions using the CPITN method. Periodontal conditions seemed to deteriorate steadily but rather slowly with increasing age. In the older age groups, there was a trend for an increased proportion of both subjects and sextants scoring CPITN code 4 (deep pockets). The increase in tooth loss with increasing age was more clearly visible: increasing percentages of edentulousness and decreasing mean numbers of teeth remaining in dentate subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Hu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, P.R. China
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3986
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Abstract
The previously reported distorted zeroth-order fringes in a bright-field Tanaka pattern from a dislocated region in silicon have been computer simulated and the experimental and the many-beam calculated patterns agree well. Calculations are carried out for nine distinct cases of edge, screw and 60° dislocations in a silicon crystal. The general usefulness of the distortion of the ZOLZ pattern in determining geometrical properties of a dislocation is discussed.
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3987
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Abstract
We have characterized the 5' region of the rice actin 1 gene (Act1) and show that it is an efficient promoter for regulating the constitutive expression of a foreign gene in transgenic rice. By constructing plasmids with 5' regions from the rice Act1 gene fused to the coding sequence of a gene encoding bacterial beta-glucuronidase, we demonstrate that a region 1.3 kilobases upstream of the Act1 translation initiation codon contains all of the 5'-regulatory elements necessary for high-level beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transient assays of transformed rice protoplasts. The rice Act1 primary transcript has a noncoding exon separated by a 5' intron from the first coding exon. Fusions that lack this Act1 intron showed no detectable GUS activity in transient assays of transformed rice protoplasts. Deletion analysis of the Act1 5' intron suggests that the intron-mediated stimulation of GUS expression is associated, in part, with an in vivo requirement for efficient intron splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McElroy
- Field of Botany, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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3988
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Abstract
We have characterized the 5' region of the rice actin 1 gene (Act1) and show that it is an efficient promoter for regulating the constitutive expression of a foreign gene in transgenic rice. By constructing plasmids with 5' regions from the rice Act1 gene fused to the coding sequence of a gene encoding bacterial beta-glucuronidase, we demonstrate that a region 1.3 kilobases upstream of the Act1 translation initiation codon contains all of the 5'-regulatory elements necessary for high-level beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transient assays of transformed rice protoplasts. The rice Act1 primary transcript has a noncoding exon separated by a 5' intron from the first coding exon. Fusions that lack this Act1 intron showed no detectable GUS activity in transient assays of transformed rice protoplasts. Deletion analysis of the Act1 5' intron suggests that the intron-mediated stimulation of GUS expression is associated, in part, with an in vivo requirement for efficient intron splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McElroy
- Field of Botany, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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3989
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Zhang W, Sze K, Brion C, Tong X, Li J. Inner-shell electron energy loss spectra of NO2 at high resolution: Comparison with multichannel quantum defect calculations of dipole oscillator strengths and transition energies. Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(90)87008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3990
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Zhang W. Brain drain and economic cycles with international migration: a case of minimum wage in the unskilled sector. J Dev Econ 1990; 32:191-203. [PMID: 12282994 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3878(90)90058-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of economic cycles in Rodriguez's descriptive growth model with brain drain. We guarantee limit cycles in the case of minimum wages in the unskilled sector. The expression, period and stability conditions of the economic cycle are explicitly given."
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3991
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Abstract
As part of a continuing investigation, this study was conducted to examine the genotoxic effects of chronic exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in the bone-marrow cells of male Chinese hamsters. Animals at about 3 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 6 groups, each with at least 3 hamsters, and were maintained on a low fluoride diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) throughout the experiment. At 4 weeks of age, the animals in groups I-V began to receive drinking water containing fluoride at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 50 and 75 ppm, respectively. Group VI was treated with cyclophosphamide and served as the positive control. The animals were sacrificed at 24 weeks of age by cervical dislocation. The humeri and plasma were analyzed for fluoride content, which was found to increase with the increase in fluoride concentration in drinking water. Slides of chromosomes from bone-marrow cells were prepared and blindly examined for the frequency of SCE. The mean scores of SCE for the hamsters receiving drinking water containing F concentrations up to 75 ppm for 21 weeks ranged from 4.28 to 6.28 per cell, and were not significantly different from those of the negative controls (4.60-5.44/cell). The results indicated that chronic fluoride exposure had no effect on the frequency of SCE in Chinese hamster bone-marrow cells under the conditions of the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Li
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202
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3992
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of chronic fluoride exposure on mammalian cells in vivo by use of the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test and the sperm morphology methodology. Mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at weaning and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) ad libitum throughout the experiment. The animals were randomly assigned to seven groups and given fluoride (as sodium fluoride) in concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 75 ppm in the drinking water. Negative (distilled water) and positive (cyclophosphamide) controls were included. After a 21-week treatment period, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation, and blood was obtained by cardiac puncture. Slides of femur marrow cells were prepared and blindly examined for the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE). Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides of the male mice were also prepared and similarly examined for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the plasma, humeri, testes, and carcasses were saved for fluoride analyses. Analyses of bone and plasma fluoride confirmed the effective absorption of fluoride following ingestion. The frequency of MN-PCE, the count of abnormal sperm, and the weight of the testes for mice chronically exposed to fluoride, in doses ranging from approximately 0.3 to 23 mg/kg/day, were not significantly different from those of the negative control animals. The results of this study support the view that fluoride has no genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dunipace
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202
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3993
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Xiao CS, Zhang W, Xie ZK, Cao JW, Li XL. [Isolation and fermentation conditions of polyvinyl alcohol-degrading enzyme producing strain]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1989; 29:343-7. [PMID: 2686166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium D8 strain which high efficiently degrading PVA was isolated from waste water of factory. The strain possesses the abilities of completely degrading 0.5 per cent of PVA (500, 1700) included in the culture medium for four days. It was identified Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Fermentation conditions of the strain have been investigated. The suitable medium consisted of PVA 1.5% (NH4)2SO40.1%, K2HPO4 0.24%, KH2PO4 0.04%, MgSO4.7H2O 0.035%, NaCl 0.01%, FeSO4 0.001%, yeast extract 0.15%, pH 7.5. The optimal condition for enzyme production are as follows: 250 ml shake filled with 30 ml medium, 30 degrees C, 160n/min incubation period 72 h. Under such conditions enzyme activity is highest.
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3994
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Hirata KS, Kajita T, Kifune T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Oyama Y, Sato N, Takita M, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Tanimori T, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Suda T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Kaneyuki K, Nagashima H, Suzuki Y, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Observation of 8B solar neutrinos in the Kamiokande-II detector. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 63:16-19. [PMID: 10040421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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3995
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Wessel GM, Zhang W, Tomlinson CR, Lennarz WJ, Klein WH. Transcription of the Spec 1-like gene of Lytechinus is selectively inhibited in response to disruption of the extracellular matrix. Development 1989; 106:355-65. [PMID: 2591320 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on differential gene expression during sea urchin development was explored using cell-type-specific cDNA probes. The ECM of three species of sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Lytechinus variegatus and Lytechinus pictus, was disrupted with the lathrytic agent beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), which inhibits collagen deposition in the ECM and arrests gastrulation (Wessel & McClay, Devl Biol. 121: 149, 1987). The levels of several mRNAs (Spec 1, Spec 2, CyIIa actin, CyIIIa actin and collagen in S. purpuratus, and metallothionine, ubiquitin and LpS3 in L. pictus and L. variegatus) were compared in BAPN-treated and control embryos. These mRNAs accumulated normally during BAPN treatment, even though the embryos did not gastrulate. To determine if the expression of any gene product is sensitive to ECM disruption, a differential cDNA screen compared poly (A+) RNA from BAPN-arrested and control embryos in Lytechinus. A cDNA clone was isolated from this screen that represented a 2.1 kb mRNA that did not accumulate during BAPN treatment. Removal of BAPN resulted in the accumulation of this transcript coincident with the onset of gastrulation. This cDNA clone encodes a L. variegatus homologue of LpS1, recently demonstrated to be an ancestral homologue of the aboral ectoderm-specific Spec 1-Spec 2 gene family in S. purpuratus. Nuclear run-on assays in L. pictus suggested that transcriptional activity of LpS1 was selectively inhibited by BAPN treatment. Thus, although the accumulation of many gene products occurred independently of the embryonic collagenous matrix, the accumulation of LpS1 and LvS1 appeared to be mediated by the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wessel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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3996
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Zhang W, Tilson H, Stachowiak MK, Hong JS. Repeated haloperidol administration changes basal release of striatal dopamine and subsequent response to haloperidol challenge. Brain Res 1989; 484:389-92. [PMID: 2713698 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acute or repeated administration of haloperidol on release of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) from striata of awake rats were studied using a microdialysis probe. A single injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a time-dependent increase in DA and HVA in the perfusate. Comparative studies in rats anesthetized with 300 mg/kg of chloral hydrate given i.p. found that anesthesia decreased the basal release of DA, but not HVA, and significantly blocked haloperidol-induced increases in DA, while haloperidol-induced increases in HVA were not affected. Studies done in awake rats found that 21 repeated daily injections of haloperidol increased the basal release of DA, but not HVA. Subsequent challenge with haloperidol indicated a significant decrease in responsiveness to haloperidol-induced release of DA, but not HVA, in chronically dosed rats. These data suggest that repeated exposure to haloperidol causes a compensatory increase in extracellular DA release. That these compensatory changes may be associated with the increased therapeutic efficacy or extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics following repeated dosing warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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3997
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Oyama Y, Hirata KS, Kajita T, Kifune T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Takita M, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Tanimori T, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Suda T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Kaneyuki K, Nagashima Y, Suzuki Y, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Experimental study of upward-going muons in Kamiokande. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1989; 39:1481-1491. [PMID: 9959807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.39.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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3998
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhu SJ, Zhong Y. [Evaluation of coronary artery fistula using a color Doppler flow imaging technique]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1989; 28:22-4, 61-2. [PMID: 2737032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two unusual cases with coronary artery fistula were reported. The diagnoses were first made by color Doppler flow imaging and confirmed by selective coronary angiography and operation. In the first case, color Doppler revealed a continuous flow signal within the dilated left coronary artery and a turbulent jet within the right atrium. In the second case, color Doppler showed turbulent flow signals which could be traced from the proximal left coronary artery, along the left ventricular posterior wall and into the left ventricle. The high velocities at the site of drainage of fistula were recorded by the continuous-wave Doppler and the calculated pressure gradient confirmed that the abnormal flow was from the systemic circulation. We are of the opinion that color Doppler flow imaging is a reliable technique for detecting coronary artery fistula and the combination of color Doppler with continuous-wave Doppler is essential for evaluating the hemodynamics of the shunt flow.
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3999
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Jiang X, Zhang W. The economic law of population distribution and migration. Int J Soc Econ 1989; 16:5-12. [PMID: 12282388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"The economic law of population distribution and migration has been studied chiefly based on the Chinese situation. The distribution and development of productive forces decide the distribution and migration of population, and in turn, the latter influences the former. The population distributions in three different stages of social development, namely agricultural, industrial and information society, are described. A new concept in population economics is introduced, i.e. population economic density, which is different from the concept of population density. The formula of population economic density is P(population)/R(resources). Many kinds of migration are analysed, and it is believed that the main efficient cause of migration is economy."
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4000
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