Spatiotemporal distribution of protein kinase and phosphatase activities

Reversible protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in controlling cellular functions. Accumulating evidence indicates that the subcellular distribution of protein kinase and phosphatase activities is organized dynamically. The spatiotemporal dynamics of kinase and phosphatase activities appears to account for the elaborate coordination of the cellular functions achieved by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.

[A resected case of sporadic myxoma of the right ventricle: the diagnosis was supported with DNA flow cytometry]

We report a rare case of a 16-year-old male who had myxoma originating from septal band of the right ventricle. His ECG anomaly was found incidentally upon a physical examination. Subsequently, echocardiography and angiocardiography demonstrated a tumor occupying the right ventricular outflow tract and protruding into the main pulmonary artery in systolic phase. He was operated upon using extracorporeal circulation. By right ventriculotomy the tumor was resected together with septal tissue 5 mm around the stalk, which branched into the myocardium. The defect was closed using mattress sutures with Dacron felt strips. We also analyzed the DNA content of the tumor. The DNA flow cytometry yielded a single cell population with diploid DNA content. This result showed that the tumor is sporadic form of cardiac myxoma. His postoperative course was uneventful. Thirty months after the surgery, patient has no sign of recurrence. The DNA flow cytometry is helpful for detecting clinical behavior of the cardiac myxoma, because microscopic examination can not readily distinguish sporadic myxoma from so-called complex myxoma.

Involvement of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing sugar structures in the liver metastasis of mouse colon carcinoma (colon 26) cells

Histochemical aspects of the process of experimentally induced metastasis were examined by light and electron microscopy with labelled lectins employed as a probe. Mouse colon carcinoma cells (colon 26) were injected into the spleen of Balb/c mice and liver metastasis was induced. Among the lectins tested, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA) stained the metastasized colon 26 cells strongly compared with the heterogeneous and faint staining in non-metastasized tumour foci in the spleen or in the subcutaneous space. Other lectins, such as Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), having specificity for branched complex type sugar chains, did not show any differences between metastasized cells and non-metastasized tumour foci. In addition, N-acetyl-lactosamine, a specific inhibitor of ECA binding, significantly inhibited the attachment of suspended colon 26 cells to sectioned unfixed normal liver tissue. These results indicate that the expression of galactose (Gal) beta 1-4 N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of branched complex type sugar chains having specificity for ECA are important for the interaction process of carcinoma cells with hepatic cells in the process of liver metastasis.

Cimetidine and omeprazole accelerate gastric ulcer healing by an increase in gastrin secretion

Daily oral administration of cimetidine or omeprazole markedly accelerated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats with a limited food intake time. The increased gastric acid secretion induced by daily treatment with histamine affected neither the spontaneous healing of the ulcers nor the healing-promoting actions of both agents. Pretreatment of rats with ulcers with 6-hydroxydopamine significantly inhibited the increase in the antrum gastrin cells, serum gastrin levels and corpus mucosal thickness elicited by repeated administration of cimetidine or omeprazole. Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect the inhibitory actions of cimetidine and omeprazole on acid secretion, but completely abolished the ulcer healing-promoting actions of both drugs. Daily intraperitoneal administration of pentagastrin accelerated ulcer healing. These results suggest that cimetidine and omeprazole mainly accelerate the healing of gastric ulcers by the trophic action of gastrin via the increase in gastrin secretion, while the inhibition of acid secretion may play a minor role in ulcer healing.

Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on gastric ulcer healing of rats with limited food intake time

The effects of cimetidine, omeprazole and atropine sulfate on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats with limited food intake time (9:00-10:00 a.m. and 5:00-6:00 p.m.) were evaluated 15 days after the acid injection. Oral repeated administration of cimetidine (25-100 mg/kg twice daily) or omeprazole (10-50 mg/kg once daily) dose dependently accelerated ulcer healing. Atropine sulfate (10 mg/kg twice daily, p.o.) was ineffective. A single oral administration of omeprazole (50 mg/kg) or cimetidine (100 mg/kg) resulted in potent and long-lasting anti-acid secretory and gastrin-releasing actions. The degree and duration of anti-acid secretion by atropine sulfate were equal to those of cimetidine, but the elevation of gastrin release by atropine sulfate was weak and temporary. These results indicate that the gastric ulcers of rats with a limited food intake time are useful for evaluating the healing effects of cimetidine and omeprazole on gastric ulcers. In addition, the effects of both drugs may be related to the increased gastrin release rather than to the reduced acid secretion.

Functional characterization of two cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor isoforms: a preferential splice donor site in the human receptor gene

The cholecystokinin-B and gastrin receptor is encoded by a single gene composed of five exons and spanning over 10 kilobases on human chromosome 11p 15.5-->15.4. Exon 4 has two possible alternative splicing donor sites that seem to be conserved in other species such as the canine, rat, Mastomys, and mouse. They could generate two receptor isoforms (short- and long-form), which differ in their putative third cytoplasmic domain of the serpentine G-protein-coupled receptors. In the present study, we examined whether an alternative splicing is operated in a tissue-specific manner and whether two receptor isoforms have functional differences. RNase-protection assay and S1 nuclease mapping demonstrated the preferential expression of the short-form in the human brain as well as the digestive organs, stomach and pancreas. The two putative isoforms of the cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor expressed in mouse fibroblasts showed the same characteristics in their ligand-bindings, the major signal transduction such as phosphoinositides production, cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase, tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the induction of early-responsive genes such as c-fos, c-myc, and c-jun. Moreover, the ligand-dependent trophic effect was seen in both receptor isoforms. Taken together with the absence of tissue-specific expression of two receptor isoforms, these results suggest a species-specific dominant splice donor site in exon 4 of the human receptor gene.

Can fibroblast growth factors substitute for bovine pituitary extracts in culture systems for hair apparatus cells?

The effects of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF, respectively) on proliferation and differentiation of cultured hair apparatus cells were examined using bovine pituitary extract (BPE)-free media. The importance of FGFs as growth factors in BPE was also examined. Both FGFs and BPE stimulated cell proliferation and induced cell differentiation into several subpopulations corresponding to those of in vivo cell layers of the hair apparatus. Heparin enhanced the mitogenic activity of aFGF, but it did no affect that of bFGF. Heparin also partially inhibited or postponed the occurrence of cell differentiation induced by aFGF. Both aFGF- and bFGF-like proteins were detected in BPE by Western immunoblotting. BPE treated with anti-aFGF and/or anti-bFGF antibodies retained a significant mitogenic activity, although the mitogenic activities of FGFs were inhibited by their own specific antibodies. These results suggest that growth factors other than FGFs for cultured hair apparatus cells exist in BPE, although FGFs might substitute for BPE in this culture system as they stimulated cell proliferation and induced cell differentiation.

Expression of fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) on human peripheral blood monocytes. Induction of homotypic cell aggregation and formation of multinucleated giant cells by anti-FRP-1 monoclonal antibodies

Fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) are newly defined cell surface molecules that enhance and/or induce virus-mediated cell fusion. Anti-FRP-1 Abs reacted with all of the established cells derived from humans and monkeys, whereas FRPs were found to be selectively expressed on a fraction of monocytes in human PBMCs. Granulocytes expressed no FRP-1 molecules, but approximately 18% of granulocytes expressed FRP-2 molecules. Alveolar macrophages also expressed FRP-1 molecules. FRP-1 expression was enhanced by culture of monocytes, but CD14 expression was not influenced by cultivation. Anti-FRP-1 Abs induced homotypic cell aggregation and multinucleated giant cell formation of monocytes. Anti-beta 2 integrin Ab blocked anti-FRP-1 Ab-induced cell aggregation, and anti-beta 1 integrin Ab and fibronectin inhibited anti-FRP-1 Ab-induced polykaryocyte formation. There was no competitive binding to monocytes between anti-FRP-1 Ab and anti-beta 1 or anti-beta 2 integrin Ab or fibronectin. Furthermore, there was no enhancement of beta 1 and beta 2 integrin expression by anti-FRP-1 Ab on monocytes. These findings suggest that anti-FRP-1 Ab activated integrin systems, and that the functions of anti-FRP-1 Ab were demonstrated through the activated integrin systems. Furthermore, it is inferred that integrin systems are involved in polykaryocyte formation of monocytes.

Expression of fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) on human peripheral blood monocytes. Induction of homotypic cell aggregation and formation of multinucleated giant cells by anti-FRP-1 monoclonal antibodies

Fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) are newly defined cell surface molecules that enhance and/or induce virus-mediated cell fusion. Anti-FRP-1 Abs reacted with all of the established cells derived from humans and monkeys, whereas FRPs were found to be selectively expressed on a fraction of monocytes in human PBMCs. Granulocytes expressed no FRP-1 molecules, but approximately 18% of granulocytes expressed FRP-2 molecules. Alveolar macrophages also expressed FRP-1 molecules. FRP-1 expression was enhanced by culture of monocytes, but CD14 expression was not influenced by cultivation. Anti-FRP-1 Abs induced homotypic cell aggregation and multinucleated giant cell formation of monocytes. Anti-beta 2 integrin Ab blocked anti-FRP-1 Ab-induced cell aggregation, and anti-beta 1 integrin Ab and fibronectin inhibited anti-FRP-1 Ab-induced polykaryocyte formation. There was no competitive binding to monocytes between anti-FRP-1 Ab and anti-beta 1 or anti-beta 2 integrin Ab or fibronectin. Furthermore, there was no enhancement of beta 1 and beta 2 integrin expression by anti-FRP-1 Ab on monocytes. These findings suggest that anti-FRP-1 Ab activated integrin systems, and that the functions of anti-FRP-1 Ab were demonstrated through the activated integrin systems. Furthermore, it is inferred that integrin systems are involved in polykaryocyte formation of monocytes.

Basic fibroblast growth factor-binding domain of heparan sulfate in the human glomerulosclerosis and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis

BACKGROUND

The saccharide side chains of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans show enormous complexity. These polysaccharides can interact specifically with cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The understanding of HS expression in glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, which is still rudimentary, could provide some insight about the role of bFGF in kidney diseases.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Kidney sections were exposed to exogenous bFGF and then to a monoclonal anti-bFGF antibody. Specificity of the interaction between HS and bFGF was established by monitoring concomitant loss of bFGF during selective removal of HS with heparitinase and competitive inhibition studies. To further characterize regional changes in saccharide sequences, heparitinase-generated unsaturated disaccharides, N-sulfated glucosamine-enriched but O-sulfate-scarce portions characteristics of native HS, and such portions characteristic of Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor HS were studied.

RESULTS

HS was detected in interstitial fibrosis and in advanced glomerulosclerosis, whereas bFGF-binding domains were found only in the fibrosis: The distributional pattern of the N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-scarce portions of native HS was similar to that of bFGF-binding domains. Moreover, a small population of parenchymal cells in advanced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with marked cellular infiltration were especially rich in the bFGF-binding domains.

CONCLUSIONS

In fibrotic lesions of the peritubular interstitium, HS shows enrichment of bFGF-binding domains. These regions may play an important role in the fibrogenesis through their interaction with endogenous bFGF.

Molecular analysis of abnormal pyruvate dehydrogenase in a patient with thiamine-responsive congenital lactic acidemia

A patient who responded to thiamine therapy with reduction of lactate in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid and clinical improvement was studied. Cultured lymphoblastoid cells of this patient were found to show reduced activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase, decreased affinity of PDHC for thiamine pyrophosphate, and defective activation of PDHC by pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. PDHC deficiency in fibroblasts and biopsied muscle of this patient was also due to the decreased affinity of PDHC for thiamine pyrophosphate. A mutation in the E1 alpha subunit containing the thiamine binding site and serine phosphorylation site regulating the activation/inactivation of PDHC was characterized by the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. A single A-->G transition was identified at position 131, resulting in the substitution of Arg-44 for His-44. This mutation must be a de novo mutation because it was not found in either parent's genomic DNA. In this study, we have obtained the first evidence at the molecular level for a mutation of thiamine-responsive PDHC deficiency.

[Pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy combined with surgery for rectal cancer]

In an attempt to prevent local recurrence, intraoperative pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy (IOPHC) was performed in combination with curative surgery for rectal cancer. One hundred twenty-three patients were divided into four groups: A, 8 patients without nodal involvement (n0) and given IOPHC; B, 22 with nodal involvement (n+) and given IOPHC; C, 47 n0 and no IOPHC; D, 46 n (+) and no IOPHC. Local recurrence developed in one patient in group A (12.5%), 3 in group B (13.6%), 5 in Group C (10.6%), and 16 in Group D (34.8%), respectively. Thus, the rate of local recurrence in group B was low compared to that of Group D, even through there was no statistical difference (p = 0.11). IOPHC may be one option for limiting local recurrence after surgical resection of rectal cancer.

Processing of contrast polarity of visual images in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey

Cells in the anterior part of the inferotemporal cortex (anterior IT) respond to moderately complex stimulus features of object images. To study dependency of their responses on contrast polarity of stimulus images, we selected cells with optimal stimuli that were defined only by shape and not related to texture or color, and examined effects of reversing the contrast of the image or removing it except for edges between dark and bright parts of the image ("outlining"). The contrast reversal produced a reduction of the response to the optimal stimulus by > 50% in 60% of tested cells; the outlining, in 70%. When the two transformations were considered together, 94% of the cells showed a reduction by > 50%. Effects of the transformations on shape selectivity were also studied by comparing responses to several different shapes each of whose contours were expressed in different ways. Statistically significant changes in relative effectiveness of the different shapes as a function of contour expression were observed in more than half of the cells. These results suggest that responses of individual cells in anterior IT carry information about contrast polarity as well as about shape.

Identification and characterization of isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human kidney and heart, and the effects of new cardiotonic agents on these isoenzymes

The present study was done to identify and characterize the isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and to determine their intracellular distribution in human kidney and heart. The in vitro effects of new cardiotonic agents, namely, NSP-805 (4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-6-[4-[(2-methyl-3-oxo-1-cyclopentenyl)amino] phenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone), TZC-5665 (6-[4-[2-[3-(5-chloro-2-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]- 2 -methylpropylamino]phenyl]-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone ) and its metabolites, OPC-18790 ((+/-)-6-[3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylamino)-2 -hydroxypropoxy]-2-(1H)-quinolinone), MS-857 (4-acetyl-1-methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinone ) and E-1020 (1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)-3-pyridine carbonitrile hydrochloride monohydrate), on these human PDE isoenzymes were also investigated. PDE isoenzymes were separated from cytosolic and particulate fractions of homogenates of human kidney and heart by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. PDE isoenzymes were identified by their elution characteristics, substrate specificities, sensitivities to regulation by effectors and by the use of isoenzyme-specific inhibitors. In a cytosolic fraction from kidney, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent PDE (CaM-PDE), cyclic GMP-stimulated PDE (cGS-PDE), cyclic GMP-inhibited PDE (cGI-PDE) and two forms of cyclic AMP-specific PDE (cAMP-PDE) were resolved. One form of cAMP-PDE (cAMP-PDE alpha), which was eluted at a lower ionic strength than cGI-PDE during DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, was newly recognized in human tissues, though the other form (cAMP-PDE beta), which eluted later than cGI-PDE, had been previously isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Plasma cell leukemia with myelofibrosis

We describe a case of plasma cell leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. A 60-year-old woman was admitted due to lumbago and monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Peripheral blood showed about 40% of plasma-cell-like cells. A bone marrow aspiration was dry tap. The patient was diagnosed as having plasma cell leukemia with myelofibrosis by bone marrow biopsy. Plasma cell leukemia as well as myelofibrosis improved with combination chemotherapy using vincristine, pirarubicin, and dexamethasone. However, when plasma cell leukemia became resistant to chemotherapies, myelofibrosis also reappeared. This case strongly suggests the pathogenetic relationship between plasma cell leukemia and myelofibrosis.

Efferent sympathetic and vagal innervation of the canine right ventricle

BACKGROUND

The functional pathways of efferent sympathetic and vagal innervation to the right ventricle (RV) might be important in a variety of disease states that involve the RV wall. The purpose of this study was to investigate those pathways.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We determined the effects of phenol and endocardial radiofrequency ablation applied to the RV anterolateral wall and outflow tract on effective refractory period (EPR) shortening during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation and ERP lengthening during bilateral vagal stimulation. We found that efferent sympathetic axons to the RV are located in the superficial subepicardium and that lateral sites receive sympathetic innervation predominantly from the lateral margin of the RV near the AV groove. Medial sites close to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) receive sympathetic innervation from both the right lateral atrioventricular (AV) groove and regions near the LAD. At the RV outflow tract, some sympathetic fibers are located intramurally. Efferent vagal fibers are located at the RV surface within 10 mm of the right lateral AV groove; they penetrate intramurally and reach to the medial sites of the RV anterior wall. Other vagal fibers originate near the LAD and are intramural. Vagal fibers to the RV outflow tract are located intramurally either from the lateral side (close to the right coronary artery) or medial side (close to the LAD).

CONCLUSIONS

Efferent vagal and sympathetic innervation of the right ventricle resembles that of the left ventricle. A major difference is that efferent sympathetic fibers to the right ventricular outflow tract are located not only in the subepicardium but in the subendocardium as well.

Antibody responses in the wild vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae, naturally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis by western blotting

Antibody responses against crude antigens and the two (Em18 and Em16) epitopes of Echinococcus multilocularis were analysed by Western blotting using sera from the wild vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae (Crb), which were captured in Hokkaido, Japan and found to have been naturally infected with eggs, and compared with those in patients of AHD and mice experimentally infected with protoscoleces of this parasite. Antibody responses in the wild were demonstrated most clearly with anti-Crb-IgG antiserum but more faintly with anti-rat-IgG antiserum and poorly with anti-mouse-IgG or anti-human-IgG antisera or Protein G. Although only two serum samples of the wild vole found naturally infected were analysed, antibody responses against Em18 and Em16 in these voles appeared to be similar to those in AHD patients but differed from those in mice.

[Polysomnographic study in epilepsy with nocturnal seizures]

Polysomnography was performed in 26 patients with nocturnal seizures to investigate the relationship between sleep stage and epileptic discharges and the sleep characteristics. We found three different patterns in interictal discharges (IID): Pattern A is characterized by an increase frequency of IID during slow wave sleep and a decrease of IID during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, Pattern B is characterized by an increase of IID during stages 1 and REM, and Pattern C showed no definite correlation of IID with sleep stages. In almost all of the patients with pattern A, IID were localized to the temporal regions, whereas IID were found in the frontal or central regions in patients with patterns B and C. Further, patients with pattern A had seizures which usually occurred during the first half of the night in contrast to patients with patterns B and C, whose seizures usually occurred soon after falling asleep and/or early in the morning. Ictal discharges (ID) were observed in 18 patients. Again, there were three patterns found, :In group a, ID occurred only in NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, in group b, ID occurred during NREM and REM sleep, and in group c, ID clustered in shallow, NREM sleep. In patients in group a, ID occurred from the temporal regions. In almost all of the patients in groups b and c, ID occurred from the frontal regions. Compared to normal controls, the patients with and without seizures exhibited a significant increase of stage W on polysomnography. These results suggest a relationship between the location of IID and ID and the sleep stage of expression of these discharges. The results also indicate that polygraphic sleep alterations are seen in epileptic patients.

Acteoside, a component of Stachys sieboldii MIQ, may be a promising antinephritic agent (2): Effect of acteoside on leukocyte accumulation in the glomeruli of nephritic rats

We investigated the effect of acteoside in comparison with that of cyclosporin A on leukocyte accumulation in the glomeruli of rats with crescentic-type anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. Acteoside given p.o. at a dose of 30 mg/kg once a day for 15 consecutive days after treatment with anti-GBM serum markedly suppressed the urinary protein as well as glomerular histological changes. Acteoside given p.o. for 5 or 15 consecutive days markedly suppressed the accumulation of total leukocytes, ED-1-positive cells (monocytes/macrophages), CD4-positive cells, CD8-positive cells, interleukin-2-receptor-positive cells (activated T cells) and Ia-positive cells in the glomeruli. These effects of cyclosporin A (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were also as potent as those of acteoside (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Cyclosporin A also strongly suppressed the elevation of plasma antibody level against rabbit gamma-globulin. However, in this dose, acteoside did not significantly suppress the antibody formation. It can be concluded from these results that acetoside may exert its antinephritic action by suppressing the accumulation of leukocytes in the glomeruli.

[Evaluation of the streptomycin twice weekly with INH and RFP for initial therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]

For the purpose to compare the effectiveness of SM and EB as a third drug in the standard regimens and to know whether the addition of SM twice weekly to INH and RFP could be acceptable for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, the efficacy, adverse effects and results of long-term follow-up of the groups consisting of 105 patients treated with SM twice weekly for 6 months in addition to INH and RFP for 9 months (S2 group) and 107 patients treated with EB for 6 months in addition to INH and RFP for 9 months (E group) were observed. The speed of negative conversion of sputum and that of X-ray findings improvement were slightly faster in S2 group than E group but the difference was statistically not significant. The incidence of adverse effects such as elevation of serum transaminase values, gastrointestinal troubles, drug allergy and others was not similar in two groups. The relapse was observed in 2 cases of S2 group and 5 cases of E group. We concluded that SM twice weekly to INH and RFP is similarly effective as EB in combination with INH and RFP, and the this regimen could be used as standard regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Association between anthropometric measures and spinal bone mineral density

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

The relationship of vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) to various anthropometric factors, including body weight and height, vertebral volume, and muscle area was examined. The sex- and menopause-related differences in these relationships also were studied.

METHODS

Both cortical and trabecular BMD were measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Integral BMD was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 74 men and in 96 premenopausal and 155 postmenopausal women. The psoas muscle area was measured using CT images. Vertebral volume was determined using CT images and CT topography.

RESULTS

Bone mineral density had the strongest relationship with age in postmenopausal women. Trabecular BMD was correlated with muscle area and vertebral volume in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women. The correlation of trabecular BMD with various anthropometric factors in men was stronger than that in women. Dual x-ray absorptiometry-BMD was found to be more affected by bone volume than was QCT-BMD.

CONCLUSIONS

The association of anthropometric factors with BMD differs in men and women, as well as in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.