Association between use of specific drugs and antiretroviral adherence: findings from MACH 14

To determine the association between individual substances of abuse and antiretroviral adherence, analyses require a large sample assessed using electronic data monitoring (EDM). In this analysis, EDM data from 1,636 participants in 12 US adherence-focused studies were analyzed to determine the associations between recent use of various substances and adherence during the preceding 4 weeks. In bivariate analyses comparing adherence among patients who had used a specific substance to those who had not, adherence was significantly lower among those who had recently used cocaine, other stimulants or heroin but not among those who had used cannabis or alcohol. In multivariate analyses controlling for sociodemographics, amount of alcohol use and recent use of any alcohol, cocaine, other stimulants and heroin each was significantly negatively associated with adherence. The significant associations of cocaine, other stimulants, heroin, and alcohol use with adherence suggest that these are important substances to target with adherence-focused interventions.

Analysis of Ah receptor binding affinities of polybrominated diphenyl ethers via in silico molecular docking and 3D-QSAR

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become ubiquitous contaminations due to their use as flame retardants. The structural similarity of PBDE to some dioxin-like compounds suggested that they may share similar toxicological effects: they might activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signal transduction pathway and thus might have adverse effects on wildlife and humans. In this study, in silico computational workflow combining molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) was performed to investigate the binding interactions between PBDEs and AhR and the structural features affecting the AhR binding affinity of PBDE. The molecular docking showed that hydrogen-bond and hydrophobic interactions were the major driving forces for the binding of ligands to AhR, and several key amino acid residues were also identified. The CoMSIA model was developed from the conformations obtained from molecular docking and exhibited satisfactory results as q (2) of 0.605 and r (2) of 0.996. Furthermore, the derived model had good robustness and statistical significance in both internal and external validations. The 3D contour maps generated from CoMSIA provided important structural features influence the binding affinity. The obtained results were beneficial to better understand the toxicological mechanism of PBDEs.

Search for magnetic monopoles in sqrt[s]=7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a search for magnetic monopoles with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider using an integrated luminosity of 2.0  fb(-1) of pp collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=7  TeV. No event is found in the signal region, leading to an upper limit on the production cross section at 95% confidence level of 1.6/ϵ  fb for Dirac magnetic monopoles with the minimum unit magnetic charge and with mass between 200 GeV and 1500 GeV, where ϵ is the monopole reconstruction efficiency. The efficiency ϵ is high and uniform in the fiducial region given by pseudorapidity |η|<1.37 and transverse kinetic energy 600-700<E(kin)sinθ<1400  GeV. The minimum value of 700 GeV is for monopoles of mass 200 GeV, whereas the minimum value of 600 GeV is applicable for higher mass monopoles. Therefore, the upper limit on the production cross section at 95% confidence level is 2 fb in this fiducial region. Assuming the kinematic distributions from Drell-Yan pair production of spin-1/2 Dirac magnetic monopoles, the efficiency is in the range 1%-10%, leading to an upper limit on the cross section at 95% confidence level that varies from 145 fb to 16 fb for monopoles with mass between 200 GeV and 1200 GeV. This limit is weaker than the fiducial limit because most of these monopoles lie outside the fiducial region.

Search for heavy neutrinos and W(R) bosons with right-handed couplings in a left-right symmetric model in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for heavy, right-handed muon neutrinos, N(μ), and right-handed W(R) bosons, which arise in the left-right symmetric extensions of the standard model. The analysis is based on a 5.0  fb(-1) sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence is observed for an excess of events over the standard model expectation. For models with exact left-right symmetry, heavy right-handed neutrinos are excluded at 95% confidence level for a range of neutrino masses below the W(R) mass, dependent on the value of M(W(R)). The excluded region in the two-dimensional (M(W(R)), M(N(μ)) mass plane extends to M(W(R))=2.5  TeV.

Study of the Dijet mass spectrum in pp → W+jets events at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV

We report an investigation of the invariant mass spectrum of the two jets with highest transverse momentum in pp → W+2-jet and W+3-jet events to look for resonant enhancement. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV. We find no evidence for the anomalous structure reported by the CDF Collaboration, and establish an upper limit of 5.0 pb at 95% confidence level on the production cross section for a generic Gaussian signal with mass near 150 GeV. Additionally, we exclude two theoretical models that predict a CDF-like dijet resonance near 150 GeV.

Abstract P6-10-04: The Presence of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Recapitulates Formation of Breast Tumor Emboli with Encircling Lymphovasculogenesis

Background: Genetic abnormalities in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene result in activation of signaling pathways including Akt, mTor, and JAK/Stat3. ALK has been shown to be a primary oncogenic driver in a variety of human tumors, including both hematologic malignancies such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, as well as solid tumors including neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, myofibroblastic tumors and most recently, high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. While only ∼3% of all breast cancers have been reported to have ALK genetic abnormalities, our studies revealed that inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most lethal variant of breast cancer, is characterized by prevalent ALK gene amplification with activated ALK signaling. The present studies investigated the role of ALK in breast cancer by expressing full-length wild type ALK in MCF-7 cells.

Materials and Methods: Clones of MCF-7 breast cancer cells expressing wild type ALK or non-target vector were produced by lentivirus infection and selection of single cell clones. MCF-7 ALK clones were evaluated using live cell and phase contrast imaging, immunofluorescent staining with confocal imaging, gene profiling, phospho-protein array analysis, western blot and ELISA validation. In vivo studies were performed by injection of MCF-7 ALK clones into using NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice using IACUC approved animal protocols.

Results: When cultured on plastic substrates, MCF-7 ALK clones formed tumor cell aggregates instead of monolayer cultures, and when cultured as tumor spheroids under non-adherent 3D conditions had a distinct cellular phenotype with significantly greater clonogenicity than either non-target vector MCF-7 clones or the parental cell line. Whole transcriptome analysis, with validation using protein arrays, western blots and ELISA analysis revealed that the presence of ALK up-regulated phospho-src. In vivo studies revealed that ALK expressing MCF-7 clones formed tumor emboli that were enwrapped by dermal lymphatic vessels, essentially recapitulating the phenotype of IBC tumor emboli that exhibit encircling lymphovasculogenesis. Enforced expression of wild type ALK in another breast cancer cell line resulted in similar formation of tumor emboli.

Discussion: These studies provide first time evidence for the association between full length ALK and formation of highly invasive tumor emboli enwrapped by lymphatic vessels, which is a primary characteristic of IBC. These studies, taken together with discovery of the prevalence of ALK gene amplification in IBC patients, indicate that ALK represents an important therapeutic target for IBC, with the availability of new ALK targeted therapies to evaluate as single agents and in combinations with other agents that may effectively target IBC tumor emboli that we have now linked to ALK and which represent the metastatic lesion of this lethal variant of breast cancer.

Funding by Susan G. Komen Organization Promise Grant KG081287 (FMR and MC).

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-04.

Abstract P1-12-06: N0937 (Alliance): Preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial of cisplatin and the novel agent brostallicin in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC)

Background: TNBC is characterized by unique molecular profiles, aggressive behavior, poor prognosis and lack of targeted therapies. Brostallicin is a novel synthetic compound from the class of DNA minor groove binding (MGB) anti-cancer agents, making it a logical agent to evaluate in the setting of TNBC. It retains activity in cancer cells resistant to alkylating agents, topoisomerase I inhibitors and is fully active against DNA-mismatch repair deficient tumor cells. Preclinical models using cell lines demonstrate that cells expressing relatively high glutathione/glutathione S-transferase (GSH/GST) levels are more susceptible to brostallicin's antitumor efficacy. Cisplatin administration increases expression of GSH/GST in tumor cells, thus leading to an increased anti-tumor efficacy of brostallicin.

Methods: Phase II cooperative group study in pts with mTNBC (³18 years of age with measurable metastatic disease, ER/PR ≤1%; HER2 negative, who had received 0–4 prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting; with adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic functions; and no active CNS metastases; prior exposure to cisplatin allowed). Cisplatin on Day 1 followed by brostallicin on Day 2, repeated every 21 days. Aim: efficacy of brostallicin and proof of concept of its mechanism of action in mTNBC. Primary endpoint progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 months with 89% power (0.10 significance level) to detect an absolute difference of 20% (35% vs 55%), based on the median PFS of 60 days in pts with mTNBC from the N0234 trial of erlotinib and gemcitabine as 1st/2nd line. Secondary endpoints include ORR, duration of response (DOR), 6-month PFS, OS and AE profile. Tertiary endpoints include assessment of 1) GSH levels prior to the administration of cisplatin and of brostallicin; and 2) the prevalence of BCRA-1 mutation by IHC in primary or metastatic tumor.

Results: Study closed on 3/28/12 and it accrued 48 pts (median f/u 2.3 mo; 0–15.3); 33 pts are off treatment and 15 pts remain on study; 38 pts evaluable for response, and 43 evaluable for AEs. 50% received therapy as 3rd to 5th line. Median number of cycles 2.5 (off-treatment: 2; on-treatment: 3, range 0–15). There are currently 5 confirmed responses (4 PR and 1 CR); DOR: 2.8–13.3 months. The 6-mo PFS is currently 19.2% (95% CI: 8.9%, 41.3%); the median TTP is 3.0 months (95% CI: 1.7 months, 4.2 months). Current data are premature to determine the primary endpoint (3-mo PFS) but we expect to report such data by November 2012. Current toxicity data: 69.7% G3/4 heme toxicity. Non-heme toxicity G3 (30.2%) and G4 (9.3)% (febrile neutropenia 21%; fatigue G3 14%); and no G5 non-heme AE.

Conclusions: The current preliminary data of this trial show very encouraging activity of this regimen (brostallicin plus cisplatin) in mTNBC. Near 1/3 of pts are still currently receiving therapy, and we expect to provide primary and additional secondary endpoint data at SABCS 2012.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-06.

Abstract P6-04-28: Changes in BAG-1 expression level affect the Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis and Gegitinb-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells

BAG-1 (bcl-2-associated athanogene-1) is a multifunctional protein which can interact with a number of molecules to regulate diverse biological processes including apoptosis, proliferation, signal transduction and transcription. BAG-1 protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli including radiation, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic agents and growth factor withdrawal. Therefore, BAG-1 may contribute to reduced cell death in cancer development, as well as to resistance to important therapeutic agents. Our study showed that the TAM sensitive cell line MCF-7 expressed lower levels of BAG-1 than the TAM resistant cell line MCF-7/TAMR, which was induced from MCF-7 cell line by culturing in medium containing 4-OH TAM (1×10-7M) for 6 months. Our study also found that down-regulation of BAG-1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the TAMR/MCF-7 cells to TAM treatment. Additionally, we used vectors carrying the individual BAG-1 isoforms to transfect the MCF-7 cells, and found that BAG-1 p50 was the only isoform that inhibited the TAM-induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells, while the other isoforms had little effect. Besides, we detected strong expression of BAG-1 in several breast cancer cell lines including T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and SK-BR-3. We even observed a 1.56 fold increase of EGFR in T47D cells transfected with BAG-1 siRNA when compared with the negative control. To further explore the association between BAG-1 expression and Gefitinb response in breast cancer cell lines, we used Gefitinb of different concentrations to treat cells for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. The results of cell viability assay indicated that the down-regulation of BAG-1 in breast cancer cell line T47D significantly enhanced the T47D cells' sensitivity to Gefitinb-induced apoptosis.

In summary, our results indicated that BAG-1 may have influence in the development of TAM resistance and Gefitinb resistance in breast cancer. However, our study was conducted in breast cancer cells in vitro; further studies on the relationship between BAG-1 expression and response to TAM and Gefitinb in a large cohort of breast cancer patients may be needed to confirm our findings.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-28.

Abstract P4-06-03: Zinc Finger Nuclease Genome Engineering Reveal Multiple Functions of Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor in Regulating Pleuripotency of Cancer Stem Cells in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive and lethal variant of this disease and is known to be enriched for cells with a cancer stem cell phenotype. IBC is characterized by the presence of cell aggregates, defined as tumor emboli, that metastasize into skin and chest wall. The only documented biomarker of tumor emboli is the surface glycoprotein, E-cadherin. We previously demonstrated that IBC tumor emboli express the alarm anti-protease, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), a metastasis related gene highly expressed in IBC patient tumors. Since the function of SLPI in IBC is unknown, the present studies used zinc finger technology to knockout (KO) copies of SLPI in the SUM149 IBC cell line to define the role of SLPI in IBC.

Materials and Methods: Using CompoZr zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology (Sigma-Aldrich), SLPI KO cell lines were generated by disrupting all alleles (3) in exon 1 of SUM149 cells derived from an IBC primary tumor with a high CD44+cell population. The target-specific ZFNs bound DNA at a sequence-specific location and created double strand breaks repaired by non-homologous end joining, resulting in deletions at the SLPI locus. Single cell SLPI KO clones were isolated and serially passaged to establish stable cell lines. Functional assays were used to assess proliferation, invasion, tube formation and clonogenicity. Global transcriptional profiling was performed to identify genes and signaling pathways directly regulated by SLPI.

Results: SUM149 SLPI KO clones did not produce SLPI protein and had a significantly slower turn-over time of 75 hrs compared with 24 hrs in SUM149 wild type clones. Loss of SLPI blocked invasion by 50%, and completely inhibited formation of tube-like structures, an activity defined as vasculogenic mimicry, characteristic of IBC. The loss of only 1 SLPI allele resulted in the inability of SUM149 cells to grow as anchorage independent clones in soft agar, commonly used as a predictor of in vivo tumorigenicity. SLPI directly regulated expression of multiple genes within the embryonic stem cell pleuripotency canonical pathway, including WNT, Frizzled, PDK-1, platelet derived growth factor receptor and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor. Studies are underway to determine the specific role of SLPI in IBC tumor growth and metastasis.

Conclusions: Our previous studies demonstrated that SLPI is expressed by IBC tumor emboli and can be used as a biomarker of tumor emboli in IBC core and skin punch biopsies. SLPI was found to not only regulate critical functional activities of IBC tumor cells but also to directly regulate genes within pathways critically important to maintenance of pleuripotency of tumors with a cancer stem cell phenotype. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the power and utility of the zinc finger technology, which enables the interrogation of tumor cells to discern the direct function and role of specific genes of interest.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-03.

Cold-nuclear-matter effects on heavy-quark production in d+Au collisions at sqrt[S(NN)]=200 GeV

The PHENIX experiment has measured electrons and positrons at midrapidity from the decays of hadrons containing charm and bottom quarks produced in d+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt[S(NN)]=200 GeV in the transverse-momentum range 0.85 ≤ p(T)(e) ≤ 8.5 GeV/c. In central d+Au collisions, the nuclear modification factor R(dA) at 1.5<p(T)<5 GeV/c displays evidence of enhancement of these electrons, relative to those produced in p+p collisions, and shows that the mass-dependent Cronin enhancement observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider extends to the heavy D meson family. A comparison with the neutral-pion data suggests that the difference in cold-nuclear-matter effects on light- and heavy-flavor mesons could contribute to the observed differences between the π(0) and heavy-flavor-electron nuclear modification factors R(AA).

Measurement of the relative prompt production rate of χc2 and χc1 in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]

A measurement is presented of the relative prompt production rate of χc2 and χc1 with 4.6 fb-1 of data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]. The two states are measured via their radiative decays χc→J/ψ+γ, with the photon converting into an e+e- pair for J/ψ rapidity |y(J/ψ)|<1.0 and photon transverse momentum pT(γ)>0.5 GeV/c. The measurement is given for six intervals of pT(J/ψ) between 7 and 25 GeV/c. The results are compared to theoretical predictions.

The effects of dog breed development on genetic diversity and the relative influences of performance and conformation breeding

Genetic diversity was compared among eight dog breeds selected primarily for conformation (Standard Poodle, Italian Greyhound and show English Setter), conformation and performance (Brittany), predominantly performance (German Shorthaired and Wirehaired Pointers) or solely performance (field English Setter and Red Setter). Modern village dogs, which better reflect ancestral genetic diversity, were used as the standard. Four to seven maternal and one to two Y haplotypes were found per breed, with one usually dominant. Diversity of maternal haplotypes was greatest in village dogs, intermediate in performance breeds and lowest in conformation breeds. Maternal haplotype sharing occurred across all breeds, while Y haplotypes were more breed specific. Almost all paternal haplotypes were identified among village dogs, with the exception of the dominant Y haplotype in Brittanys, which has not been identified heretofore. The highest heterozygosity based on 24 autosomal microsatellites was found in village dogs and the lowest in conformation (show) breeds. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that conformation-type breeds were distinct from breeds heavily used for performance, the latter clustering more closely with village dogs. The Brittany, a well-established dual show and field breed, was also genetically intermediate between the conformation and performance breeds. The number of DLA-DRB1 alleles varied from 3 to 10 per breed with extensive sharing. SNPs across the wider DLA region were more frequently homozygous in all pure breeds than in village dogs. Compared with their village dog relatives, all modern breed dogs exhibit reduced genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was even more reduced among breeds under selection for show/conformation.

Age-associated differences in gene expression in response to delayed anesthetic preconditioning

Evidence suggests that the protective benefits of anesthetic preconditioning (APC) are significantly attenuated in the aged myocardium. In this study, we investigated the effect of aging on gene expression in delayed APC. Hearts from Fischer 344 rats, age 4 or 24 months, were divided into five groups: control; ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); and delayed APC at 6, 12, and 24 h. Whole-genome array was studied using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Data were analyzed for significant ≥2.0-fold changes in gene expression. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 28,000 genes represented on the Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Microarray chip, 24 transcripts in 6 h APC, 28 in 12 h APC, and 28 in 24 h APC group displayed significant up-regulation in mRNA levels, and 70 transcripts in 6 h APC, 101 in 12 h APC, and 82 in 24 h APC displayed significant down-regulation in young rat hearts. These altered genes fall into functional categories of cell defense/death, cell structure, gene expression/protein synthesis, inflammatory response/growth/remodeling, and signaling/communication. Although alterations for some genes were in common, the numbers of changed genes in old rats were markedly and consistently lower than the young rats. Twenty-four hour delayed APC also significantly reduced infarct size and improved myocardial left ventricular function in young hearts, effects that were not observed in old rat hearts. We concluded that delayed APC profoundly and differentially affected gene expression profiles of the cardiomyocyte in an age-associated pattern. The impaired genomic response to delayed APC could underlie the loss of the protective benefits of preconditioning in aged hearts.

Bimodal spectroscopy for in vivo characterization of hypertrophic skin tissue : pre-clinical experimentation, data selection and classification

This study aims at investigating the efficiency of bimodal spectroscopy in detection of hypertrophic scar tissue on a preclinical model. Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance spectra were collected from 55 scars deliberately created on ears of 20 rabbits, amongst which some received tacrolimus injection to provide non-hypertrophic scar tissue. The spectroscopic data measured on hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic scar tissues were used for developing our classification algorithm. Spectral features were extracted from corrected data and analyzed to classify the scar tissues into hypertrophic or non-hypertrophic. The Algorithm was developed using k-NN classifier and validated by comparing to histological classification result with Leave-One-Out cross validation. Bimodal spectroscopy showed promising results in detecting hypertrophic tissue (sensibility 90.5%, specificity 94.4%). The features used for classification were extracted from the autofluorescence spectra collected at 4 CEFS with excitations at 360, 410, and 420 nm. This indicates the hypertrophic process may involve change in concentration of several fluorophores (collagen, elastin and NADH) excited in this range, or modification in volume of explored tissue layers (epidermis and dermis) due to tissue thickening.

Observation of sequential Υ suppression in PbPb collisions

The suppression of the individual Υ(nS) states in PbPb collisions with respect to their yields in pp data has been measured. The PbPb and pp data sets used in the analysis correspond to integrated luminosities of 150 μb(-1) and 230 nb(-1), respectively, collected in 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The Υ(nS) yields are measured from the dimuon invariant mass spectra. The suppression of the Υ(nS) yields in PbPb relative to the yields in pp, scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions, R(AA), is measured as a function of the collision centrality. Integrated over centrality, the R(AA) values are 0.56±0.08(stat)±0.07(syst), 0.12±0.04(stat)±0.02(syst), and lower than 0.10 (at 95% confidence level), for the Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S) states, respectively. The results demonstrate the sequential suppression of the Υ(nS) states in PbPb collisions at LHC energies.

Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions using 4.7 fb(-10 of ATLAS data

A search is presented for direct top squark pair production in final states with one isolated electron or muon, jets, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV. The measurement is based on 4.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Each top squark is assumed to decay to a top quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The data are found to be consistent with standard model expectations. Top squark masses between 230 GeV and 440 GeV are excluded with 95% confidence for massless LSPs, and top squark masses around 400 GeV are excluded for LSP masses up to 125 GeV.

Search for a supersymmetric partner to the top quark in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for direct pair production of supersymmetric top squarks (t(1)) is presented, assuming the t(1) decays into a top quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle, χ(1)(0), and that both top quarks decay to purely hadronic final states. A total of 16 (4) events are observed compared to a predicted standard model background of 13.5(-3.6)(+3.7)(4.4(-1.3)(+1.7)) events in two signal regions based on ∫Ldt = 4.7 fb(-1) of pp collision data taken at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. An exclusion region in the t(1) versus χ(1)(0) mass plane is evaluated: 370<m(t)(1)}<465 GeV is excluded for m(χ)(1)(0) ~ 0 GeV while m(t)(1) = 445 GeV is excluded for m(χ)(1)(0) ≤ 50 GeV.

Therapeutic and preventive effects of an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor on oral squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common human neoplasm worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed in human OSCC and is a target for cancer therapy and prevention. This study investigated the therapeutic and preventive effects of an inhibitor of EGFR (PD153035) on OSCC.

METHODS

The effects of PD153035 were examined in human cancer cell lines in vitro, in an athymic nude mouse xenograft model in vivo, and in the 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch tumour model in vivo.

RESULTS

PD153035 significantly inhibited cell growth, delayed cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in human OSCC cells in vitro. In vivo, PD153035 inhibited xenograft tumour growth in nude mice in a dose-dependent manner and prevented the development of OSCC at the postinitiation stage in the DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch tumour model. PD153035 inhibited the DMBA-induced increases in cell proliferation and in levels of phosphorylated EGFR and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in the hamster cheek pouch.

CONCLUSIONS

Inhibitors of EGFR, such as PD153035, have potential value in the treatment and prevention of OSCC.

Mean peak systolic velocity of the superior thyroid artery is correlated with radioactive iodine uptake in untreated thyrotoxicosis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the correlation between mean superior thyroid artery peak systolic velocity (STA-PSV) and radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in Chinese patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis, using retrospectively and prospectively collected data.

METHODS

Patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis (n = 220) and euthyroid control subjects (n = 30) underwent thyroid function, thyroid autoantibody and thyroid ultrasonography tests. Mean STA-PSV was measured by ultrasonography. RAIU tests identified 168 patients with Graves' disease and 52 with destructive thyroiditis. Linear correlation of mean STA-PSV with 3-h and 24-h RAIU, and sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for mean STA-PSV in the differential diagnosis of Graves' disease and destructive thyroiditis were calculated.

RESULTS

Mean STA-PSV was significantly higher in Graves' disease than in destructive thyroiditis. Mean STA-PSV correlated positively and significantly with 3-h and 24-h RAIU. Area under the ROC curve of mean STA-PSV for the differential diagnosis of Graves' disease and destructive thyroiditis was 0.825 (optimum cut-off value of mean STA-PSV, 45.25 cm/s; sensitivity, 80.4%; specificity, 81.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Detection of mean STA-PSV by ultrasonography agrees with RAIU and is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis in Chinese patients.

Measurements of the top-quark mass and the tt cross section in the hadronic τ+jets decay channel at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV

We present the first direct measurement of the top-quark mass using tt events decaying in the hadronic τ+jets decay channel. Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, we measure the tt cross section, σ(tt), and the top-quark mass, M(top). We extract M(top) from a likelihood based on per-event probabilities calculated with leading-order signal and background matrix elements. We measure σ(tt) = 8.8 ± 3.3(stat) ± 2.2(syst) pb and M(top) = 172.7 ± 9.3(stat) ± 3.7(syst) GeV/c(2).