401
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Su G, Qiao H, Shi Z, Su R, Zeng X, Zhao F, Yang H, Huang S. [Application of chromosome painting to analysis of structural aberration in five cases]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1998; 15:202-5. [PMID: 9691125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports that competitive hybridization using entire chromosome specific libraries as probe and human genomic DNA as the competitor allows intense and specific fluorescent staining of human chromosome in metaphase. This general approach is called "chromosome painting". METHODS The probes comprising chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, X specific libraries were used to analyse five cases which had been suspected of subtle translocation and deletion in karyotype analysis by G-banding of metaphase cells. The authors selected entire chromosome-specific DNA libraries hybridizing with the five cases. Unlabeled human genomic DNA was used to inhibit the hybridization of sequences in the library that bind to multiple chromosome. RESULTS The target chromosome was made at least 20 times brighter parunit length than the others. Translocations and deletions were detected clearly in metaphase and were consistent with G-banding. However, the result was clearer and the detection easier, compared with G-banding. CONCLUSION Chromosome painting is very powerful for identification of chromosome structural aberrations. Translocation and deletion involving these chromosomes can be strikingly visualized. The hybridization intensity and specificity are such that even very small portions of the involved chromosome can be detected. This technique is especially useful in settings where high-quality banding is difficult.
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402
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Li S, Zheng T, Xu B, Zhao F. [Application of charge transfer reaction in the determination of aminosalicylate sodium]. GUANG PU XUE YU GUANG PU FEN XI = GUANG PU 1998; 18:496-499. [PMID: 15825352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of aminosalicylate sodium has been developed based on the charge transfer reaction. The Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 40-160 microg/mL of aminosalicylate sodium. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex at 660nm is 1.17 X 10(3)L x mol(-1). The average standard deviation of ten determination is 0.67%. The composition of aminosalicylate sodium 2, 6-Dichloroquinone chlorimide complex is 1:1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of aminosalicylate sodium tablets with satisfactory results.
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403
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Sandstead HH, Penland JG, Alcock NW, Dayal HH, Chen XC, Li JS, Zhao F, Yang JJ. Effects of repletion with zinc and other micronutrients on neuropsychologic performance and growth of Chinese children. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:470S-475S. [PMID: 9701162 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.470s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge that zinc is essential for growth and neuropsychologic performance and a report of zinc-responsive stunting in Chinese children prompted this project. This article summarizes findings from a 10-wk, double-blind, controlled trial of zinc repletion in 740 urban, 6-9-y-old first graders from low-income families in Chongqing, Qingdao, and Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Treatments were 20 mg Zn alone (Z), 20 mg Zn with micronutrients (ZM), and micronutrients alone (M). The M mixture was based on National Research Council guidelines. Nutrients that might interfere with zinc retention were excluded or given in lower amounts. Main outcomes were changes in neuropsychologic performance and knee height. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, plasma and hair zinc, and whole blood and hair lead were also measured. Anemia was not common, and serum ferritin concentrations were usually within the range of normal. Mean baseline plasma zinc concentrations were marginal in children from Chongqing and Qingdao and normal in children from Shanghai. After treatment with ZM or M plasma zinc increased. Hair zinc tended to decrease after all treatments. Mean baseline whole blood lead concentrations were slightly below the limit considered excessive for children by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Neuropsychologic performance and growth were most improved after treatment with ZM. These findings were consistent with the presence of zinc and other micronutrient deficiencies.
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404
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Wang S, Liang Y, Zhao F. [Clinical analysis of intracranial venous embolism during pregnancy and puerperium]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1998; 33:412-4. [PMID: 10806701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the cause and clinical manifestation of intracranial venous embolim during pregnancy and puerperium, and its early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS 18 cases of intracranial venous embolism confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) were eligible for this retrospective study. RESULTS Of all the cases, 8 cases occurred before delivery and 10 post partum; 10 cases complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension and 8 cases postpartum hemorrhage. Headache occurred most frequently, followed by coma and seizure. Blood rheologic assay showed hypercoagulable states in 6 cases. For 11 cases treated with urokinase, 10 were cured, while in the remaining patients, 3 of 6 cured. CONCLUSIONS The results show that hypercoagulability states were related to intracranial venous embolism. Coma and seizure were the main characters. CT was an important diagnostic measure. Lowering intracranial pressure, anticoagulation, dethrombosis and timely ending pregnancy were the main treatment measures. The early use of urokinase may exert better effect.
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405
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Zeng X, Zhao F, Gao C, Liu G, Yang H, Chen Z, Zen X. [A FISH technique for simultaneous detection of fluorescent R-band and in situ hybridization signals]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1998; 15:108-10. [PMID: 9531653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a simple method for detecting DNA probes directly on R-banded chromosomes. METHODS After sixty-seven hours culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were synchronized for 5 to 6 hours by adding Hoechst 33258 and BUdR, and then arrested by standard cytogenetic procedures. The slides were mounted with 2 x SSC and exposed with a 20W UV light which was about 10cm above the slides for 20 min at 75 degrees C. The biotinylated probes, such as the cosmid and YAC clones on 5p specific region and pBamX7, were hybridized on to the slides. After washing, the slides were treated with avidin-FITC and amplified with additional layer of biotinylated anti-avidin and avidin-FITC, and counterstained with propidium iodide in an antifade solution. Fluorescent signals and R-bands were observed simultaneously under Olympus BX 60 fluorescence microscope equipped with a WIB filter. RESULTS The chromosomal location of the greenish-yellow signals could be directly identified on the R-banded chromosome background. CONCLUSION This method can serve as a rapid and precise system for chromosomal localization of DNA markers.
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406
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Gao AW, Yan YC, Yang QS, Zhao F, Dong Q, Zhang ML, Koide SS. A potential approach to antifertility vaccine by expression of sperm membrane peptide in Salmonella. SHI YAN SHENG WU XUE BAO 1998; 31:49-60. [PMID: 12014112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic oligonucleotide, HSD-2a, encoding a peptide segment of the extracellular domain of a human sperm membrane protein, YWK-II, was inserted by blunt-end ligation at the EcoRV site in the hypervariable, antigenically determinant region IV of Salmonella flagellin gene fliC (d). The recombinant plasmid (pLS408-H1) was transferred into the nonpathogenic aroA live vaccine Salmonella dublin strain SL5928, which is flagellin-negative. Location of the HSD-2a protein on the surface of the flagella was demonstrated by ELISA and by immunogold-labeling electron microscopy using mouse anti-YWK-II antiserum. A 60 kD protein, corresponding to the chimeric flagellin, was isolated from the recombinant S. dublin and found to contain the expressed HSD-2a peptide determined by Western blot analysis using anti-YWK-II antiserum. The Salmonella strain carrying the recombinant plasmid-pLS408-H1 may thus be a potential source of antifertility vaccine.
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407
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Zhao F, Yuan Y, Tan L, Zhang X. [Determination of tranilast in human plasma by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and its pharmacokinetics]. Se Pu 1998; 16:78-9. [PMID: 11324488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the determination of tranilast in human plasma by RP-HPLC is described. The analytical column was packed with YWG-C18. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.02 mol/L KH2PO4(60:40, V/V; pH 4.2), and detected by UV detector at a wavelength of 333 nm. The plasma sample was injected directly into the HPLC system after precipitation of the protein with methanol. The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 0.625-40 mg/L. The average recovery was 100.0% +/- 4.1%, and minimum detectable concentration was 0.2 mg/L. By using this method, the pharmacokinetics of tranilast in the plasma of ten healthy volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg drug were studied. The plasma drug concentration-time curve of volunteers conforms to one-compartment open model.
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408
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Tian Y, Zhao F, Lin J. [Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 1998; 21:49-51. [PMID: 11263301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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409
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Zhao F, Gong Z, Hu H, Tanaka M, Hayasaka T. Simultaneous determination of the aerosol complex index of refraction and size distribution from scattering measurements of polarized light. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:7992-8001. [PMID: 18264328 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.007992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study we attempt to determine the aerosol complex index of refraction and size distribution from scattering measurements of polarized light. We illustrate that the scattering matrix elements M(2)(100 degrees ) and D(21) (150 degrees ) can be selected as an optimum set of matrix elements for determination of the complex index of refraction. We also illustrate that errors increase if we include insensitive scattering matrix elements in the determination of the complex index of refraction. A method is developed for the simultaneous determination of the complex index of refraction and the size distribution. In our method, we selected two sets of matrix elements, M (2) (100 degrees ) and D (21) (150 degrees ), for the determination of the complex index of refraction and others, which are much less sensitive to the complex index of refraction than M(2) (100 degrees ) and D(21) (150 degrees ), for the determination of the size distribution, based on their sensitivity analyses. A modified inversion library algorithm is adopted to solve the coupled system. Numerical experiments show that both the complex index of refraction and the size distribution can be determined with reasonable accuracy when we apply our method to scattering measurements of polarized light.
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410
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Zhao F, Jiang Y, Li N. [Experience and lessons of lung transplantation]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1997; 35:616-9. [PMID: 10678054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last 2 years, four hospitals performmed cooperatively single-lung transplantation for 3 patients, 1 left lung and 2 right lung. The patients had pulmonary fibrosis, COPD with cancer or tuberculosis, infection in some extent before transplantation. The patients died from severe infection 9, 48 and 43 days after the operation. We discussed the selection of donors and recipients, operative procedures, postoperative management, especially monitoring, differential diagnosis and treatment of infection and rejection. HLA compatibility and transbronchial lung biopsy were important to the success of lung transplantation. We believe that rejection and infection are important causes of short-term death that should be given more attention.
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411
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Zhao F, Nakajima T. Simultaneous determination of water-leaving reflectance and aerosol optical thickness from Coastal Zone Color Scanner measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:6949-6956. [PMID: 18259566 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present an iterative algorithm for the simultaneous determination of water-leaving reflectances and aerosol optical thickness from the total outgoing radiances measured in the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) visible and near-infrared channels. Numerical experiments were carried out to investigate the feasibility of the algorithm. The results show that the errors in determined water-leaving reflectance at 0.443 microm are approximately 10% in most cases. The errors in determined water-leaving reflectance at 0.55 microm are in the 4.05-7.2% range. The errors in the simultaneously determined aerosol optical thickness for all CZCS visible and near-infrared channels are less than approximately 10%.
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412
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Sainio M, Zhao F, Heiska L, Turunen O, den Bakker M, Zwarthoff E, Lutchman M, Rouleau GA, Jääskeläinen J, Vaheri A, Carpén O. Neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein colocalizes with ezrin and CD44 and associates with actin-containing cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 1997; 110 ( Pt 18):2249-60. [PMID: 9378774 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110.18.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) protein (merlin; schwannomin) is a tumor suppressor involved in tumorigenesis of NF2-associated and sporadic schwannomas and meningiomas. The protein shares the domain structure of three homologous proteins: ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM). ERM proteins function as membrane organizers and may act as linkers between plasma membrane molecules, such as CD44 and ICAM-2, and the cytoskeleton. We analyzed the distribution and effects of transfected NF2 protein in COS-1, CHO and 293 cells, and endogenous NF2 protein in U251 glioma cells. The distribution was compared to ezrin, CD44 and F-actin. Both transfected and endogenous NF2 protein localized underneath the plasma membrane in a pattern typical of an ERM protein. In COS-1 transfectants, NF2 protein typically codistributed with ezrin but, in cells with poorly developed actin cytoskeleton, it replaced ezrin in filopodia and ruffling edges. NF2 protein colocalized with CD44, which in transfected cells accumulated into restructured cell membrane protrusions. The association of CD44 and NF2 protein was further suggested by binding of CD44 from cellular lysates to recombinant NF2 protein. Interaction between NF2 protein and the actin-containing cytoskeleton was indicated by partial colocalization, by cytochalasin B-induced coclustering, and by retention of NF2 protein in the detergent-insoluble fraction. Transfected NF2 protein induced morphogenic changes. The cells contained restructured membrane extensions and blebs, and CHO cells expressing NF2 protein were more elongated than control transfectants. In conclusion, NF2 protein possesses functional properties of an ERM family member.
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413
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Xin Y, Wu D, Zhao F. [Study of the relationship between the expression of Ki-67 antigen and the pathobiological behaviours of stomach cancer]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1997; 19:382-4. [PMID: 10920923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the expression of Ki-67 antigen and the pathobiological behaviours of stomach cancers especially their distant metastases. METHODS 56 stomach cancer specimens routinely fixed in formalin and embeded in paraffin (FFEP) were studied by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Expression of Ki-67 antigen was significantly related to the distant metastases to liver, ovary and adrenal gland (P < 0.005); but not related to the histological type, growth pattern, depth of invasion, histological differentiation and the metastases to local lymph nodes (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the Ki-67 expression was significantly related to the DNA anueploid pattern and the expression of p53 protein, both of which are closely related to poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Ki-67 can be used as an objective marker of the proliferative activity for predicting prognosis of stomach cancer and to foretell the high-risk of metastasis of distant organs.
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414
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Deng Z, Liu W, Zhao F, Jiang D. [Dual-energy separation imaging on an X-ray direct digital imaging system]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 1997; 14:222-4, 242. [PMID: 11326836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A method of dual-energy separation of bone and soft tissue images of chest based on an X-ray direct digital imaging system has been investigated. In this paper, the optimal thickness of the filter for high energy X-ray beam is discussed. An algorithm of correction of scattered radiation is employed before the separation algorithm. The separated images will be shown in the paper. The result shows that it is possible to use an ordinary broad spectral X-ray beam to acquire the dual-energy images for routine X-ray diagnosis.
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415
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Ge B, Zhao F, Zhao H. [Treatment of carinal resections for primary pulmonary carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1997; 35:549-51. [PMID: 10678031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Threeteen patients of lung cancer of center type underwent carinal resections in our department from January 1985 to December 1996. There were 3 patients, T3N2M0 and 10 patients, T4N2M0. Palliative resections were performed for 3 patients and radical resections, for 10 patients. Carinal resection with right pneumonectomy was done in 3 patients, part carinal resection with right pneumonectomy 6 patients, part carinal resection with left pneumonectomy 1 case, and part carinal resection with right sleeve upper and middle lobectomy 3 patients. There were no operative complications and deaths. The 3-year survival rate was 54% and the 5-year survival rates, 30%. One patient has survived for 8 years. The satisfied results of operative therapy were followed when no lymph node metastesis in mediastinum and mass could be resected.
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416
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Zhao F, Liu H, Zhou L, Cai W, Du B, Ye S, Zeng Y. [Recombinant AAV-LMP-induced LMP specific cytotoxic response to autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines tranformed by Epstein-Barr virus]. ZHONGHUA SHI YAN HE LIN CHUANG BING DU XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA SHIYAN HE LINCHUANG BINGDUXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL VIROLOGY 1997; 11:247-51. [PMID: 15617340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is believed to be controlled in normal host by virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Although unable to eliminate EBV from the body, CTL seems to be essential in control of latently infected cells. Infusion of autologous EBV specific CTL, which can be produced in laboratory by separating lymphocytes from patients and stimulating them with EBV antigen, will provide an effective method of preventing and treating EBV-related diseases. We inserted the LMP gene of EB virus into an AAV vector pACP and packed it in Ad2 infected 293 cells by co-transfecting with plasmid Ad8, which produced the recombinant virus rAAV-LMP. The recombinant virus was used to infect stimulating cells and LMP antigen was expressed on the surface of these cells. Then the stimulating cells were irradiated and co-cultured with T lymphocytes. The EBV specific CTLs were obtained. The target cells were autologous LCLs from EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. The CTL activity was assayed by BLT activity method. The result indicated that all the four CTL strains could recognize and kill their target cells. This study has laid the technical basis for us to prevent and treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China with molecular biological methods.
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417
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Hu J, Johnson KC, Mao Y, Xu T, Lin Q, Wang C, Zhao F, Wang G, Chen Y, Yang Y. A case-control study of diet and lung cancer in northeast China. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:924-31. [PMID: 9185690 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970611)71:6<924::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A case-control study involving interviews with 227 lung-cancer cases and 227 matched hospital controls was conducted in Heilongjiang Province in northeast China to examine the influence of dietary factors on the risk of developing lung cancer. Lung-cancer cases were all incident cases judged to be suitable candidates for tumor removal by surgery. Controls were selected among hospitalized patients with non-neoplastic and non-lung disease. The overall male lung-cancer risks associated with cigarette smoking were similar to those reported in other Chinese studies but quite low compared to risks in Western countries. However, the subjects in this study were relatively young (average age 53.2), had started to smoke on average at a relatively old age (21.3 years), and only smoked an average of 18.7 cigarettes per day. Lung-cancer risk was not strongly associated with any of the nutrients examined, when all cases were compared to all controls. However, the data were suggestive of differences in the relationship of diet to risk among smokers and non-smokers. Cautious interpretation is required because of the wide confidence intervals due to limited sample size. Among the smokers, only higher beta-carotene was associated with estimates suggesting a lowered risk. Among non-smokers, the evidence suggested that increased vegetable consumption might reduce risk, consumption of any fruit might reduce risk but beta-carotene was unrelated to risk. The differences observed in the relationship of diet to lung-cancer risk between Chinese smokers and non-smokers warrant further study.
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418
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Penland JG, Sandstead HH, Alcock NW, Dayal HH, Chen XC, Li JS, Zhao F, Yang JJ. A preliminary report: effects of zinc and micronutrient repletion on growth and neuropsychological function of urban Chinese children. J Am Coll Nutr 1997; 16:268-72. [PMID: 9176834 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1997.10718684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc is essential for growth and cognition of experimental animals. Past research found zinc repletion improved growth of stunted Chinese children. Therefore we measured effects of zinc repletion on growth and neuropsychological functions of children. DESIGN Double-blind randomized controlled treatment trial. SETTING Elementary schools in low income districts of Chongqing, Qingdao and Shanghai. SUBJECTS Three hundred-seventy-two 6 to 9 year old first graders. INTERVENTIONS Treatments were 20 mg zinc, 20 mg zinc with micronutrients, or micronutrients alone. The micronutrient mixture was based on guidelines of the US NAS/NRC. Treatments were assigned to classrooms of 40 or more children each, and administered by teachers 6 days per week for 10 weeks. MEASURES OF OUTCOME Changes in knee height and neuropsychological functions. RESULTS Zinc alone had the least effect on growth while zinc with micronutrients had the largest effect; micronutrients alone had an intermediate effect. Zinc-containing treatments improved neuropsychological functions, but micronutrients alone had little effect. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the essentiality of zinc for growth of children, and show, for the first time, the essentiality of zinc for neuropsychological functions of children. In addition, the need for repletion of other potentially limiting nutrients in studies examining the effects of specific nutrients on growth and neuropsychological functions was confirmed.
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419
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Zhao F, Stephens SD, Sim SW, Meredith R. The use of qualitative questionnaires in patients having and being considered for cochlear implants. Clin Otolaryngol 1997; 22:254-9. [PMID: 9222632 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.1997.00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Within this study we have examined the particular hearing complaints of patients being considered for a cochlear implant and the specific benefits/shortcomings experienced by implanted patients using open-ended questionnaires. As we expected, the difficulty of hearing general conversation was the most common individual hearing complaint. However, 45% of complaints were concentrated in the 'psychosocial' category, which was significantly higher than that found among general audiological rehabilitation patients. The average number of benefits listed by patients having implants was significantly higher than that of the shortcomings. Moreover, the main benefits listed were focused on the acoustical and psychological factors, e.g. 'environmental sound awareness', 'general conversation easier' and 'feeling of self-confidence'. The main shortcomings were related to the acoustical and practical areas, e.g. hearing difficulty in noisy background, processor being cumbersome.
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420
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Yang W, Zhao F, Xu G. Conformation of 60-residue peptide fragment from N-terminal of porcine kidney fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. SCIENCE IN CHINA. SERIES C, LIFE SCIENCES 1997; 40:251-256. [PMID: 18726324 DOI: 10.1007/bf02879084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/1996] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Limited digestion of fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase with subtilisin produces an S-peptide with an about 60-residue peptide fragment that is non-covalently associated with the enzyme. The 60-residue peptide fragment consists of the most part of allosteric site for AMP binding. It could be separated from S-protein by gel filtration with a Sephadex G-75 column equilibrated with 9% formic acid. According to X-ray diffraction results the S-peptide consists of two alpha-helices without beta-strand and the alpha-helix content is about 60% in the 60-residue-peptide fragment. When the enzyme is subjected to limited proteolysis with subtilisin, the secondary structure of the enzyme does not show a detectable change in CD spectrum. The CD spectra of the isolated S-peptide were measured under different concentrations. In the absence of GuHCl, S-peptide had 30% alpha-helix and 38.5% turn-like structure but had no beta-strand, suggesting that the N-terminal 60-residue fragment, which is synthesized initially by ribosome, would form a conformation spontaneously similar to that of the isolated 60-residue-peptide, i.e. about 30% alpha-helix and 30% turn-like structure. As the elongation of the peptide chain of the enzyme proceeds, the newly synthesized segment or the final entire enzyme, in turn, affects the conformation of prior peptide segment and adjusts its conformation to the final native state. The content of alpha-helix did not increase as perturbing the conformation of S-peptide by adding ethanol, cyclohexane or a small amount of SDS. On the contrary, the ordered structure was slightly decreased, indicating that the difference of conformations of S-peptide in the isolated form and in the associated protein was not an artifact produced by isolation process.
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421
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Xin Y, Xue F, Zhao F. Effectiveness of electrochemical therapy in the treatment of lung cancers of middle and late stage. Chin Med J (Engl) 1997; 110:379-83. [PMID: 9594307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of electrochemical therapy (ECT) in the treatment of middle and late-stage lung cancers. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-six cases (287 males md 99 females aged 25-78, with an average age of 51 years) with middle and late-stage lung cancers were treated with ECT. Two hundred and three patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 138 adenocarcinoma and 45 undifferentiated cancer. Diameters of the cancers were respectively 4.0-6.0 cm in 153 cases, 6.1-8.0 cm in 82 cases, 8.1-10.0 cm in 102 cases and over 10.0 cm in 49 cases. In this group, none was at stage I, 103 cases were at stage II, 89 cases at IIIa, 122 cases at IIIb and 72 cases IV. Of the 386 cases, 152 cases (39.4%) also suffered from hypertension, heart disease etc. Anode and cathode platinum electrodes were inserted accurately into the tumour mass. Distance between two electrodes was 2.0-2.5 cm. Electrodes were connected to a special ECT instrument. The current was maintained at 6-8 V and 80-100 mA. One hundred coulombs are used for treating 1 cm diameter of tumour mass. RESULTS Of the 386 cases, 99 cases (25.6%) achieved complete remission (CR). 179 cases (46.4%) achieved partial remission (PR), 59 cases (15.3%) had no change (NC) and 49 cases (12.7%) had progression of disease (PD). Effective rate CR + PR) was 72% (278 cases). One to five year survival rates were 86.3%, 76.4%, 58.8%, 39.9% and 29.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ECT is easy to use. It is effective, safe, less traumatic and makes patients recover quickly. This is a new and effective method to treat patients with tumours who are inoperable and can not receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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422
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Liu G, Liu H, Guo W, Zhao F. [The relationship between environmental concentration and exposure concentration in the airborne dust of workplace]. WEI SHENG YAN JIU = JOURNAL OF HYGIENE RESEARCH 1997; 26:148-51. [PMID: 10325622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The authors studied the relationship between environmental concentration and exposure concentration in the airborne dust of workplaces, using instantaneous fixed points sampling and personal wear sampling. The results showed that there was a correlation between two kinds of concentrations in the automatic and man-made packing workplaces (r = 0.9914, 0.9977). A relationship between them in the unsteady workplace was found after analysed by one-accumulated generating operation (1-AGO) (r = 0.9945). The samples of environmental and exposure concentrations could be thought from the same normal distribution, that is, the bivariable random sampling in the normal distribution population. Moreover, the exposure concentration could be estimated by environmental one after 1-AGO in the unsteady workplace of airborne dust.
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423
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Zhao F, Ghezzo-Schöneich E, Aced GI, Hong J, Milby T, Schöneich C. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of histidine in human growth hormone. Mechanism, isotope effects, and inhibition by a mild denaturing alcohol. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:9019-29. [PMID: 9083026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.14.9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins represents an important pathway of post-translational modification. We utilized human growth hormone (hGH), a protein with a well defined metal-binding site, to study the detailed mechanism of metal-catalyzed oxidation by ascorbate/Cu(II)/O2. Particularly His18 and His21 within the metal-binding site were oxidized, predominantly to 2-oxo-His with the incorporated oxygen originating from molecular oxygen, based on amino acid analysis, tryptic mapping, mass spectrometry, isotopic labeling, and 1H NMR. The anaerobic reduction of a hGH/Cu(II) mixture by ascorbate generated a hGH-Cu(I) complex with NMR spectral features different from those of native hGH and hGH/Cu(II). The anaerobic reaction of this hGH-Cu(I) complex with hydrogen peroxide resulted in the oxidation of His18 and His21, suggesting that a fraction of Cu(I) was bound at the metal-binding site of hGH. Site-specific oxidation of hGH required an intact metal-binding site and could largely (about 80%) be inhibited by the presence of >/=28% (v/v) 1-propanol which appears (i) to perturb the metal-binding site and (ii) to interact with a reactive oxygen species formed at the perturbed metal-binding site. The inhibition by 1-propanol-d7 (CD3CD2CD2OH) was significantly lower than that by 1-propanol-h7 with [residual hGH]1-propanol-h7/[residual hGH]1-propanol-d7 = 1.95 at 30% (v/v) 1-propanol, reflecting a kinetic isotope effect close to that for the reaction of a hydroxyl radical with Calpha-H/D bonds of methanol, suggesting the involvement of a hydroxyl radical-like species in the oxidation of His.
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424
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Bult A, Zhao F, Dirkx R, Raghunathan A, Solimena M, Lombroso PJ. STEP: a family of brain-enriched PTPs. Alternative splicing produces transmembrane, cytosolic and truncated isoforms. Eur J Cell Biol 1997; 72:337-44. [PMID: 9127733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of striatal enriched phosphatases (STEPs) consists of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that are enriched within the central nervous system. Previous biochemical studies have shown that the STEP family includes transmembrane, as well as soluble, cytosolic proteins. We now extend these findings with the isolation and characterization of a new, truncated member of this family, termed STEP38. The cDNA of STEP38 encodes a protein of 346 amino acids with a predicted mobility of 38 kDa. In contrast to the cytosolic variants, it contains two hydrophobic amino acid sequences at its N-terminus, two sequences enriched in Pro, Glu, Asp, Ser and Thr residues (PEST sequences), and two polyproline domains. We have used differential centrifugation, continuous sucrose gradients, and transfection experiments to clarify the subcellular localization of STEP38 within membrane compartments. These experiments suggest that a pool of STEP38 is targeted to membrane compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum. The STEP38 cDNA contains a stop codon upstream of the catalytic phosphatase domain that is normally present in other STEP variants, and enzymatic assays conform that STEP38 is inactive. Thus, the STEP family consists of cytosolic, transmembrane, and truncated isoforms. These findings are similar to what has been found for some members of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family that uses alternative splicing mechanisms to produce active and inactive variants. By analogy with suggested mechanisms of action for the truncated PTKs, inactive STEP isoforms may participate in signaling events by protecting potential substrates from dephosphorylation by other members of this family.
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425
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Zhang Y, Zhao F, Zhang K. [Titanium plate reconstruction and fixation system for maxillofacial surgery: a synthetic clinical and experimental investigation]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1997; 32:73-7. [PMID: 10677952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium plate-screw systems for maxillofacial reconstruction and internal fixation were studied including examination of chemical components, measurement of mechanical natures, biomechanical and biological evaluation, in combination with retrospective analysis of 319 cases fixed by means of plate-screw appliances. The results demonstrated that all experimental data have satisfied basically the design and clinical requirements, with the exception of a weaker curve-resistance and fixative stability of miniplate as well as lower surface wear-resistance of pure titanium. So, further improvement is necessary. Additionally, the function classification and indication of plate-screw systems are discussed. The duration and condition of intermaxillary fixation is suggested. The complications and their causes are analysed through comparison among different fixation systems.
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426
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Zhao F, Mayura K, Harper N, Safe SH, Phillips TD. Inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced fetal cleft palate and immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. CHEMOSPHERE 1997; 34:1605-1613. [PMID: 9134691 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (pentaCB) caused a dose-dependent induction of fetal cleft palate in offspring from pregnant C57BL/6 mice exposed to a single dose (783 or 1044 micrograms/kg) of this compound on gestation day 10. In contrast, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB did not cause cleft palate at a dose of 271 mg/kg and, in pregnant mice cotreated with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB (271 mg/kg) plus 783 or 1044 micrograms/kg 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB, fetal cleft palate formation was significantly inhibited. 3,3',4,4',5-PentaCB (6 micrograms/kg) also inhibited the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and serum IgM levels in C57BL/6 mice treated with the T cell-independent antigen trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide. At doses as high as 72 mg/kg, 2,2',4,4'-5,5'-hexaCB was not immunotoxic; however, in mice cotreated with a immunotoxic dose of 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB plus different doses of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB (18, 36 and 72 mg/kg), there was a dose-dependent inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB-induced immunotoxicity. These non-additive (antagonistic) interactions of prototypical polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners may be an important consideration in development of a toxic equivalency factor approach for hazard and risk assessment of PCB mixtures.
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427
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Yuan Y, Zhao F. [Immunologically prepared plasma specimen of albuterol for high performance liquid chromatographic determination]. Se Pu 1997; 15:12-4. [PMID: 15739422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-affinity method for preparation of sample in plasma is reported in this paper. Albuterol was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare the antigen and immunized in rabbit to produce the anti-albuterol serum (immune globulin). The anti-albuterol serum was treated with saturated ammonium sulfate solution to obtain the antibody (immune globulin). The antibody was coupled with Sepharose 4B to prepare the immune globulin-affinity column. The plasma containing albuterol was introduced into the column and was rinsed in turn with phosphate buffer and water, and then eluted with methanol. After being concenfrated the sample was analyzed by HPLC with a sillica column (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm), a mixture of methanol: 2 mol/L ammonium acetate (99.5 : 0.5) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and fluorecence detector monitoring at lambdaex = 226 nm and lambdaem = 306 nm. The results showed that the immune globulin-affinity column has the characteristic of high purity and high specificity, and it is suitable for the preparation of chromatographic plasma specimen to determine albuterol in plasma. The relationship between peak area ratios and concentration from 2 to 80 microg/L were linear (r=0.998). The extraction recoveries from plasma at concentrations of 2-80 microg/L were 98.8% +/- 7.3%. The RSD for intra-day (n=5) was 5.8% and that for inter-day assay (n=5) was 7.8%.
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428
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Zhao F, Mayura K, Kocurek N, Edwards JF, Kubena LF, Safe SH, Phillips TD. Inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced chicken embryotoxicity by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGY 1997; 35:1-8. [PMID: 9024668 DOI: 10.1006/faat.1996.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (pentaCB) caused a dose-dependent induction of chicken embryolethality, malformations, edema, and liver lesions at doses ranging from 0.5 to 12.0 microg/kg. In contrast, no embryotoxicity was observed after treatment with 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB. In eggs cotreated with 2.0 microg/kg, 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB plus 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB, there was significant protection from 3,3',4,4',5-pentaCB-induced embryo malformations, edema, and liver lesions, whereas no inhibition of embryolethality was observed. These results further extend the response-specific nonadditive interactions of binary mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and should be considered in the development of approaches for hazard assessment of PCB mixtures and related compounds.
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429
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Böhm T, Catala C, Donati JF, Welty A, Baudrand J, Butler CJ, Carter B, Collier-Cameron A, Czarny J, Foing B, Ghosh K, Hao J, Houdebine E, Huang L, Jiang S, Neff JE, Rees D, Semel M, Simon T, Talavera A, Zhai D, Zhao F. Azimuthal structures in the wind and chromosphere of
the Herbig Ae star AB Aurigae.
Results from the MUSICOS
1992 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1051/aas:1996295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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430
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Bult A, Zhao F, Dirkx R, Sharma E, Lukacsi E, Solimena M, Naegele JR, Lombroso PJ. STEP61: a member of a family of brain-enriched PTPs is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. J Neurosci 1996; 16:7821-31. [PMID: 8987810 PMCID: PMC6579237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The STEP family of protein tyrosine phosphatases is highly enriched within the CNS. Members of this family are alternatively spliced to produce both transmembrane and cytosolic variants. This manuscript describes the distinctive intracellular distribution and enzymatic activity of the membrane-associated isoform STEP61. Transfection experiments in fibroblasts, as well as subcellular fractionations, sucrose density gradients, immunocytochemical labeling, and electron microscopy in brain tissue, show that STEP61 is an intrinsic membrane protein of striatal neurons and is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, structural analysis of the novel N-terminal region of STEP61 reveals several motifs not present in the cytosolic variant STEP46. These include two putative transmembrane domains, two sequences rich in Pro, Glu, Asp, Ser, and Thr (PEST sequences), and two polyproline-rich domains. Like STEP46, STEP61 is enriched in the brain, but the recombinant protein has less enzymatic activity than STEP46. Because STEP46 is contained in its entirety within STEP61 and differs only in the extended N terminus of STEP61, this amino acid sequence is responsible for the association of STEP61 with membrane compartments and may also regulate its enzymatic activity.
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431
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Zhao F, Stephens D. Hearing complaints of patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome (obscure auditory dysfunction). BRITISH JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY 1996; 30:397-402. [PMID: 8985564 DOI: 10.3109/03005369609078427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hearing complaints in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome were studied by use of the open-ended hearing problem questionnaire. The main findings are that complaints were commonly focused on the categories of 'live speech' and 'electronic speech' difficulties in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome, particularly the auditory difficulties of speech in noise and group conversation. However, they reported problems with warning signals significantly less frequently than a control 'audiological rehabilitation' group and the patients studied by Barcham and Stephens (1980). In addition, main psychological problems were related to anxiety (e.g. irritability, nervousness and moodiness) in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome. The open-ended hearing problem questionnaire appears to be a useful tool that can be used to high-light the speech hearing disability encountered by patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome.
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432
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Li J, Zhao F, Tian D, Dai X, Zhang X, Shi X, Lu X, Fang J. [Effect of xiaopiling granules on the treatment of gastric precancerous changes as detected by image analyzer and electronic microscope]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1996; 21:691-3 inside back cover. [PMID: 9812703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic effect of Xiaopiling Granules on gastric precancerous changes was observed, using image analyzer and electronic microscope. The result indicated that the Granules could efficiently eliminate gastric mucositis, nourish gastric mucosa, soften or restrain dysplasia, ameliorate structure atypism and cell atypism of dysplasia, promote elimination of dysplasia and efficiently ameliorate the ultrastructure of gastric precancerous changes.
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433
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Liu S, Zhao F, Ben C. [Evaluation of clinical and pathological factors relating to lymph node metastasis in carcinoma of the tongue]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1996; 31:259-62. [PMID: 9592249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we adopt various clinical and pathological parameters to evaluate the factors relative to the lymph node metastasis. We are of the view that the TNM classification can not indicate the presence of the lymph node metastasis clearly. When the size of tumor is less than 2.0 cm in diameter there is almost no metastasis. Using computer, we analyse the factors and found that only the depth, pattern of growth and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration are relative to metastasis. The coincidence is 78.6%.
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434
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Xin Y, Zhao F, Wu D, Wang Y, Xu L, Curran B, Leader M, Henry K. DNA ploidy, expression of p53 protein and metastatic behaviour of gastric carcinoma. CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL = CHUNG-KUO I HSUEH K'O HSUEH TSA CHIH 1996; 11:147-51. [PMID: 9387398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA ploidy of 57 gastric carcinomas with metastases (12 liver, 1 adrenal, 4 ovary and 48 lymph node) were measured by flow cytometry. DNA anueploidy was significantly related to liver metastases: 9 out of 12 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases were anueploid (75%) as compared to 13 out of 45 (28.8%) of cases without liver metastases (P < 0.01); the one gastric carcinoma with adrenal metastasis was also anueploid. DNA ploidy was not related to ovarian or lymph node metastases. Another interesting finding was that all of 3 gastric carcinomas with liver metastases which showed a diploid DNA pattern, expressed p53 protein, while all of 3 carcinomas with liver metastases but no p53 protein expression were anueploid. The expression of p53 protein was not related to ovarian metastases. The results suggested that an anueploid DNA pattern and the expression of p53 protein are both objective markers valuable in predicting high risk potential of metastases to the liver, and that the combined detection of these markers can be a most useful method in the follow-up of patients with gastric carcinoma in detecting those at high risk of developing metastases following surgical resection. Also the poorer prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma showing an anueploid DNA pattern may be related to the development of distant organ metastases through the blood vascular system. Furthermore, the clone of gastric carcinoma cells which accumulate p53 protein or show an anueploid DNA pattern may have a causative role in the development of liver (& adrenal) metastases.
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435
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Zhao F, Sayano K. Compact read-only memory with lensless phase-conjugate holograms. OPTICS LETTERS 1996; 21:1295-1297. [PMID: 19876330 DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to holographic storage that uses lensless phase-conjugate holograms is proposed and demonstrated. Near-field holography is used for data recording, and a phase-conjugate reference beam is used for data retrieval. The data array can be directly transferred from the storage medium to the sensor without the need for imaging optics. It is shown that large space -bandwidth product holographic images (N x N x 10(6)) with pixel sizes of a few micrometers are feasible with a reasonable-sized recording material.
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436
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Abstract
Visual thinking plays an important role in scientific reasoning. Based on the research in automating diverse reasoning tasks about dynamical systems, nonlinear controllers, kinematic mechanisms, and fluid motion, we have identified a style of visual thinking, imagistic reasoning. Imagistic reasoning organizes computations around image-like, analogue representations so that perceptual and symbolic operations can be brought to bear to infer structure and behavior. Programs incorporating imagistic reasoning have been shown to perform at an expert level in domains that defy current analytic or numerical methods. We have developed a computational paradigm, spatial aggregation, to unify the description of a class of imagistic problem solvers. A program written in this paradigm has the following properties. It takes a continuous field and optional objective functions as input, and produces high-level descriptions of structure, behavior, or control actions. It computes a multi-layer of intermediate representations, called spatial aggregates, by forming equivalence classes and adjacency relations. It employs a small set of generic operators such as aggregation, classification, and localization to perform bidirectional mapping between the information-rich field and successively more abstract spatial aggregates. It uses a data structure, the neighborhood graph, as a common interface to modularize computations. To illustrate our theory, we describe the computational structure of three implemented problem solvers -- KAM, MAPS, and HIPAIR --- in terms of the spatial aggregation generic operators by mixing and matching a library of commonly used routines.
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437
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Zhao F, Yang J, Schöneich C. Effects of polyaminocarboxylate metal chelators on iron-thiolate induced oxidation of methionine- and histidine-containing peptides. Pharm Res 1996; 13:931-8. [PMID: 8792435 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016021716274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Site-specific protein oxidation induced by prooxidant/metal/ oxygen has been recognized as one of the major degradation pathways of protein pharmaceuticals. Polyaminocarboxylate (PAC) metal chelators are commonly employed to prevent metal-catalyzed oxidation, for they sequester metals. However, studies have indicated that iron chelates may still be catalytically active due to their specific coordination geometry. The purpose of this study was to investigate how PAC chelators affect prooxidant/metal/oxygen-catalyzed oxidation of peptides containing histidine (His) and methionine (Met). METHODS PACs were applied to a model oxidizing system, dithiothreitol/iron/oxygen, which was shown to promote the oxidation of Met to Met sulfoxide in the two model peptides, GGGMGGG and GHGMGGG. RESULTS PAC chelators did not suppress the peptide oxidation but significantly changed the product pattern. In particular, the yield of Met sulfoxide dropped significantly, while a number of other products emerged, including oxidation products from the N-terminus and His (if present). Overall, the oxidation became rather non-selective in the presence of PACs. The oxidation kinetics were significantly accelerated by nitrilotriacetate (NTA), ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), but they were slowed down by ethyl-enebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetate (EGTA) and diethylenetri-aminepentaacetate (DTPA). Meanwhile the PAC chelators were also observed to undergo degradation. Scavengers of hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals exerted only partial inhibition on the peptide oxidation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are rationalized by the abilities of PAC chelators (i) to extract iron from potential binding sites of the peptides to impair site-specific oxidation, and (ii) to promote the formation of ROS different from the species formed at the peptide metal-binding sites.
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438
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Xue F, Jiao S, Zhao F. [A study on DNA content and cell cycle phase analysis in endometrial carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1996; 31:216-9. [PMID: 8758776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prognostic value of DNA content, cell cycle phase in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS DNA content and cell cycle phase analysis were performed on 100 paraffin-embedded archival specimens from 103 cases of endometrial carcinoma using flow cytometry. RESULTS Aneuploidy was found in 71.0% of specimens. The aneuploidy rate in specimens from grade III, deep myometrial invasion and stage III, IV was significantly higher than that in specimens from grade I, nonmyometrial invasion and stage I (P < 0.05 respectively). 5-year survival rate for patients with aneuploidy was 65.9% and for patients with diploidy was 87.6% (P < 0.01). High S-phase fraction (SPF) was associated with high grade, deep myometrial invasion and advanced stage. The mean SPF was 13.4% in the living group and 17% in the dead group. The 5-year survival rate for patients with SPF > 17% was 50.4% and for patients with SPF < 17% was 79.1% (P < 0.01). SPF and stage were the most important prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma by Cox's proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS DNA ploidy and SPF were found to be of important prognostic indicators in endometrial carcinoma.
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439
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Ma Y, Gao W, Zhao F. [Detection of lipoarabinomannan-IgG in serum for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 1996; 19:41-3. [PMID: 9275388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the value of lipoarabinomannan-IgG (LAM-IgG) determination in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHOD LAM-IgG in sera obtained from 90 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, 53 patients with lung cancer and 30 healthy individuals were detected by using rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The positive rate was 82% in tuberculosis group, and the false positive rates were 8% and 3% in cancer group and healthy controls respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggested that rapid ELISA and LAM-IgG detection was a useful supplementary tool for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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440
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Zhao F, Stephens D. Determinants of speech-hearing disability in King-Kopetzky syndrome. SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY 1996; 25:91-96. [PMID: 8738633 DOI: 10.3109/01050399609047989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
King-Kopetzky syndrome is characterized by auditory disability with a clinically normal hearing threshold. The main reported disability is hearing speech in the presence of background noise. The degrees of speech-hearing disability in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome have been investigated with the use of the Social Hearing Handicap Index (SHHI), and the relationships between the SHHI scores and a number of physiological, psychoacoustical and psychological factors determined in 109 patients. The significantly higher (worse) SHHI scores in patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome indicate that this group suffer a considerable degree of speech-hearing disability. In our study, the main findings are that some psychological factors, performance of the sentence in noise test and auditory thresholds are significantly correlated with the SHHI scores. We were unable to find any relationships between the SHHI and frequency resolution or EOAEs. In a multiple stepwise regression, somatic anxiety and the performance of the sentence in noise test are the significant predictors of SHHI scores. These two variables appear to be the main determinants of speech-hearing disability in King-Kopetzky syndrome.
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441
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Abstract
Within this paper we have considered some of the particular disabilities and handicaps commonly experienced by elderly hearing-impaired people as compared with younger individuals. We examined their ratings of their disability and handicap and found that both disability and handicap increased more rapidly with increasing hearing loss in younger than in older patients. We have finally considered the strategies used by older people to cope with hearing loss and found them more likely to withdraw from difficult listening situations or to interrupt the speaker, but less likely to position themselves to hear better.
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442
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Xue F, Jiao S, Zhao F. [A study on expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 in endometrial carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1995; 30:647-50. [PMID: 8745486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the relationship between suppressor gene p53 expression and endometrial carcinoma. METHODS Expression of p53 was studied by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections from 23 normal endometrium, 44 endometrial hyperplasia and 103 endometrial carcinoma. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining of p53 protein was negative in normal and hyperplastic endometrium but positive in 47.6% of endometrial carcinoma. In endometrial carcinoma, p53 over expression was significantly associated with histologic type, tumor grade, presence of vascular invasion and DNA aneuploidy. The survival rate of patients with p53 expression is significantly lower than that of patients without p53 expression (P < 0.001), the 5-year survival rate is 59.9% and 83.4% respectively. Patients with expression of mutant forms of the tumor suppressor gene p53 products had a 6.34-fold increased risk of death as compared with patients without p53 expression by Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant expression of p53 gene is indicative of aggressive biological behavior and poor survival in endometrial carcinoma.
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443
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Liu L, Zhao F, Li LX. Can the vacuum foam structure solve the flatness problem of a big bang universe? Int J Clin Exp Med 1995; 52:4752-4753. [PMID: 10019699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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444
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Zhao F, Guo J, Chen H. Studies on the relationship between changes in dietary patterns and health status. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 1995; 4:294-297. [PMID: 24394354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the relationship between dietary composition and health and disease, we investigated retrospectively the changes in diet composition, health status and disease specific mortality of the Shanghai population from 1950 to 1985. The results showed that remarkable changes occurred in dietary composition, health status and disease mortality. The energy from grain products decreased from 80-83% in the 1950s to 68-72% in the 1980s, and the energy from animal foods increased from 6.5-8.5% in the 1950s to 17.5-18.0% in the 1980s. With the changes in dietary composition, notable changes also occurred in the nutritional composition of the diet. From the 1950s to the 1980s, energy from fat was increased from 16.3-20.1% to 24.0-28.0%, and the energy from carbohydrates decreased from 72.0-73.5% to 62.2-65.8%. Almost certainly as a result of the changes in diet, health status and disease mortality also changed. For example, the average height in males of 18-20 years old increased from 164.89 cm in 1955 to 167.33 cm in 1974, and the average life span of males and females increased from 42.0 years and 45.6 years in 1950 to 72.1 years and 76.4 years in 1985, respectively. At the same time, the rank order of mortality causes also changed. Before 1950, the first three causes of death were measles, tuberculosis and senility, but in 1985 they were malignant tumours, cerebrovascular disease, and ischaemic heart disease. In particular, the mortality from ischaemic heart disease is now higher than in Japan. The causes of these changes may be the changes of dietary composition and nutritional composition of diet, although there are other factors. Therefore, changes in dietary composition which maintain or improve life expectancy, yet decrease the burden of chronic non-communicable disease is required.
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Sharma E, Zhao F, Bult A, Lombroso PJ. Identification of two alternatively spliced transcripts of STEP: a subfamily of brain-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatases. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1995; 32:87-93. [PMID: 7494467 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(95)00066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A brain-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase termed STEP46 (striatal enriched phosphatase) was previously isolated and characterized. Immunological studies with a STEP monoclonal antibody recognized several STEP-immunoreactive proteins, and suggested that additional STEP-related polypeptides existed. This study reports the isolation of two alternatively spliced transcripts of the STEP gene. One of these, STEP20 (with a predicted molecular mass of 20 kDa) was further characterized and found to lack the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. Northern analysis detected a 2.8 kb STEP20 message in mouse brain. The second alternatively spliced transcript, STEP61, has a 5'-extended open reading frame that encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 61 kDa and contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain. The exon-intron organization responsible for the novel STEP20 and STEP61 sequences was determined in the mouse STEP genomic DNA. We propose that the original STEP46, along with STEP20 and STEP61, are members of a brain-enriched subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases, and that STEP isoforms may have distinct functions within the central nervous system.
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446
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Zhao F, Lu X, Dai X, Pu Y, Zhang X, Shi X, Fang J, Dong J, Tian D, Ma Q. [Effects of three kinds of decoction on histopathology of gastric mucosa, gastric pH and the content of bile acid in experimental chronic gastritis in rats]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1995; 20:488-92, inside backcover. [PMID: 8561888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental chronic gastritis (ECG) models were established in rats by inserting a spring into pyloric canal as well as feeding sodium deoxycholate. An experiment was undertaken to observe the therapeutic effects of three formulas of traditional Chinese medicine "Shipitong", "Ganpingyangwei" and "Weile". The experimental results show that all of the three decoctions can reduce gastric pH and bile acid of the ECG rats and make gastric mucosal histomorphology of these rats change markedly.
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447
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Zhao F, Mayura K, Hutchinson RW, Lewis RP, Burghardt RC, Phillips TD. Developmental toxicity and structure-activity relationships of chlorophenols using human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. Toxicol Lett 1995; 78:35-42. [PMID: 7604397 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)99684-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophenols (CPs) comprise a major class of widely distributed and frequently occurring environmental contaminants. Previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of CPs on embryonic and fetal development. HEPM (human embryonic palatal mesenchymal) and MOT (mouse ovarian tumor) cell lines have been utilized in complementary bioassays for the detection of teratogens, but not the CPs. In this study, our objectives were 2-fold: (1) to determine if the HEPM assay could be used to complement other bioassay systems of nonhuman origin, i.e., Hydra attenuata (HA) and rat whole embryo culture (WEC), in the evaluation of the developmental toxicity of CPs, and (2) to delineate the ability of the HEPM assay to evaluate structure-activity relationships of pentachlorophenol (C5P), 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (C4P), 2,3,5-trichlorophenol (C3P), 3,5-dichlorophenol (C2P), 4-monochlorophenol (CP), phenol, and CP derivatives (i.e., acetates, sodium phenates and anisoles). HEPM cells were seeded into each well of a 24-well plate and cultivated for 24 h. The medium was replaced with fresh medium containing various concentrations of test chemicals dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.1%). After culturing for 72 h, the medium was removed, cells were trypsinized, and cell number determined. The HEPM cell growth inhibition assay demonstrated a linear relationship between the IC50 values of the CPs and degree of chlorine substitution. The IC50 values of C5P, C4P, C3P, C2P, CP, and phenol were 18.8, 21.5, 27.5, 63.0, 150.0 and 470.0 microM, respectively. A clear structure-activity relationship was observed between toxicity of CPs and the degree of chlorine substitution. The rank order of CP toxicity from the HEPM assay (i.e., C5P > C4P > C3P > C2P > CP > phenol) is in excellent agreement with previous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, contrary to published reports, the HEPM assay predicted that all CPs were teratogenic (false positives). These findings suggest that the HEPM cell growth inhibition bioassay may be useful to discriminate between subtle differences in structure-activity and, in combination with other bioassays, might facilitate the rapid detection and prioritization of diverse cytotoxins, including various developmental toxicants. Importantly, conclusions about the teratogenicity of a test chemical (via HEPM testing) should be approached with caution and confirmed with other teratogen-sensitive systems.
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448
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Lu X, Zhao F, Dai X, Zhang X, Pu Y, Fang J, Shi X, Liu X, Zhou G, Ren Y. [Effects of 3 kinds of decoction on serum gastrin, gastrin cell density and the content of PGE2 of gastric antral mucosa in experimental chronic gastritis in rats]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1995; 20:361-4, 384. [PMID: 7646809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental chronic gastritis (ECG) models were established in rats by inserting a spring into pyloric canal as well as feeding sodium deoxycholate. An experiment was undertaken to observe the therapeutic effects of three formulas of traditional Chinese medicine "Shipitong" (SPT), "Ganpingyangwei" (GPYW) and "Weile" (WL). The experimental results show that all of the three decoctions can make serum gastrin, gastrin cell density and amount of antral mucosal PGE2 of the ECG rats return to normal levels.
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449
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Zhou H, Zhao F, Yu FT. Diffraction properties of a reflection photorefractive hologram: authors' reply to comments. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:2593-2594. [PMID: 21052398 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Zhou H, Zhao F, Yu FT. Angle-dependent diffraction efficiency in a thick photorefractive hologram. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:1303-1309. [PMID: 21037660 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The diffraction from a thick photorefractive hologram is shown to be angular dependent, which originates mainly from the angle-dependent effective electro-optic coefficient of a photorefractive crystal. The angle dependency of the diffraction causes a nonuniform diffraction over the pixel positions or the spatial frequency contents of a hologram image in a page-oriented holographic system, resulting in a deteriorated reconstructed image. In addition, owing to the angular variations in diffraction, the wavelength-multiplexing scheme should be a better choice than angular one.
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