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Thompson SW, Davis LE, Kornfeld M, Hilgers RD, Standefer JC. Cisplatin neuropathy. Clinical, electrophysiologic, morphologic, and toxicologic studies. Cancer 1984; 54:1269-75. [PMID: 6088023 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19841001)54:7<1269::aid-cncr2820540707>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ten of 11 patients with ovarian cancer receiving cisplatin developed a distal sensory neuropathy, manifested early by decreased vibratory sensibility in toes and depressed ankle jerks and later by uncomfortable paresthesias. Eleven patients receiving cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 monthly (mean total, 580 mg/m2) were studied prospectively with monthly neurologic examinations and conduction velocity determinations of median, peroneal, and sural nerves. Early signs were decreased vibratory sensibility in toes (mean dose, 417 +/- 132 mg/m2 [SD]) and loss of ankle jerks (mean dose, 455 +/- 86 mg/m2). With continued therapy, four developed paresthesias. Strength was unaffected. Sural nerve responses abruptly disappeared in six of peripheral nerves from four patients showed axonal degeneration and secondary myelin breakdown. Platinum concentrations in three patients were similar in tumor (3.3 micrograms/g), sural nerves (3.5 micrograms/g), and spinal ganglia (3.8 micrograms/g), but lower in brain (0.17 microgram/g). This may explain the cisplatin toxicity of peripheral nerves with relative sparing of the central nervous system.
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Davis LE, Burstyn DG, Manclark CR. Pertussis encephalopathy with a normal brain biopsy and elevated lymphocytosis-promoting factor antibodies. PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE 1984; 3:448-51. [PMID: 6093068 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-198409000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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203
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Pankow ML, Davis LE, Becker SP, Ossoff RH, Anderson BE. Use of dextran and post-primary antibody fixation in immunoperoxidase staining of fresh frozen tissue. Detection of immunoglobulin associated with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. J Histochem Cytochem 1984; 32:771-7. [PMID: 6203961 DOI: 10.1177/32.7.6203961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of unfixed fresh frozen tissue sections for immunocytochemical studies reduces the possibility of denaturation of antigenic determinants compared to formalin fixation and paraffin embedding procedures. However, tissue and cellular morphology can be extensively altered in the numerous application and washing steps with frozen tissue sections. We tested a number of buffer solutions and showed that the use of dextran-containing buffers and fixation by glutaraldehyde after primary antibody application preserves tissue morphology. The procedures described here are also applicable to ascertaining the presence of Fc receptors of leukocytes in sections of carcinoma tissues. The buffered dextran washes and post-primary antibody fixation method was used to demonstrate the presence of immunoglobulin associated with squamous carcinoma cells. The immunoglobulin was not removed by washing of tissue sections at 37 degrees C but could be removed by low or high pH buffer washes, suggesting that the immunoglobulin is bound in a specific manner.
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Berg JN, Maas JP, Paterson JA, Krause GF, Davis LE. Efficacy of ethylenediamine dihydriodide as an agent to prevent experimentally induced bovine foot rot. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:1073-8. [PMID: 6146277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediamine dihydriodide (EDDI) was administered by capsule and as a feed premix to cattle in 2 studies. In study I (32 steers), EDDI was given at 0, 12.5, 50, and 200 mg/animal each day and in study II (36 steers) at 0, 30, and 200 mg/animal each day. Serum iodine levels were monitored during the studies. The cattle were inoculated intradermally in the interdigital space with a mixture of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus to induce acute foot rot at day 15 (study I) or day 28 (study II) after EDDI administration was started. Lesions and lameness were evaluated 5 days after challenge exposure, using a subjective scoring system. The cattle receiving EDDI had significantly less severe lesions and lameness than control cattle in both studies (study I, P less than 0.003; study II, P less than 0.001). The results indicated that EDDI was efficacious in prevention of foot rot. The studies demonstrated a direct relationship between dosage levels of EDDI and serum iodine levels. However, at the large dosage level (200 mg) there were some individuals that showed an inability to metabolize and excrete the iodine as demonstrated by high serum iodine levels (600 to 700 micrograms of iodine/dl of serum).
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Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Corbin JE, Benson GJ, Davis LE. Halothane-sparing effect of xylazine in dogs and subsequent reversal with tolazoline. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1984; 7:23-8. [PMID: 6708164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1984.tb00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Halothane MAC (the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane to produce anaesthesia in 50% of the animals tested) was determined to be 0.92 +/- 0.16 volumes % in eight English Pointer dogs. Alterations in halothane MAC induced by an intravenous bolus of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and then tolazoline (5 mg/kg) was determined in each dog following control (halothane MAC) measurement. Following xylazine administration, MAC significantly decreased to 0.57 +/- 0.023%. Immediately following determination of the xylazine-halothane MAC value in each dog, tolazoline was administered and the halothane requirement (MAC) was again assessed. Halothane MAC significantly increased to 1.24 +/- 0.036%. Tolazoline administration induced immediate arousal in the xylazine-halothane anaesthetized dogs requiring a rapid increase in halothane concentration to maintain anaesthesia. Thus, the administration of tolazoline, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, following xylazine administration significantly increased the anaesthetic requirement (MAC) of halothane. Xylazine, an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, decreased halothane anaesthetic requirement (MAC) in the eight dogs studied. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that stimulation of central alpha 2 receptors is the mechanism by which xylazine produces sedation and that inhibition of CNS excitatory neurotransmitter release decreases halothane anaesthetic requirement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Neff-Davis CA, Davis LE, Benson GJ, Hoffman W, Lock TF. Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia during xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in Thoroughbred horses. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:11-4. [PMID: 6367557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in Thoroughbreds administered xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg; IV) and ketamine hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg; IV) at dosages sufficient to induce short periods of recumbency and anesthesia were measured. Samples of blood were collected from 6 adult horses before, during, and after the anesthetic period. Plasma glucose (mg/dl) was significantly increased above control (-30 minute concentration) from 15 to 150 minutes after xylazine administration with the peak value occurring at 30 minutes. Serum insulin (microU/ml) was significantly decreased from control from 5 to 90 minutes after xylazine administration, with the nadir occurring at 15 minutes. The alterations in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in xylazine-ketamine-anesthetized horses were similar to the changes in xylazine-sedated horses.
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208
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Anderson KL, Neff-Davis CA, Davis LE, Koritz GD, Nelson DR. Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in non-lactating cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6:305-13. [PMID: 6686850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1983.tb00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a formulation of chloramphenicol base in propylene glycol were determined following administration of single intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) 50 mg/kg doses of chloramphenicol to six non-lactating Holstein cows. Mean serum concentrations of chloramphenicol following i.v. administration of 50 mg/kg declined rapidly from a peak of greater than 100 micrograms/ml to 6.9 micrograms/ml at 12 h after administration. Serum concentrations were not detectable at 24 h after administration. The curve of serum concentrations vs time was characteristic of a two-compartment open model. Mean i.v. data gave a biological half-life of 4.3 h and a volume of distribution of the central compartment of 0.44 l/kg. Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol following s.c. administration of 50 mg/kg rose slowly to a broad peak near 20 micrograms/ml from 3 to 8 h after administration and then declined. These data were also analysed according to a two-compartment open model. The biological half-life was 4.2 h and the volume of distribution of the central compartment was 0.50 l/kg. Significant adverse reactions, including acute collapse, intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria, were observed in cows when dosed i.v. Cows dosed s.c. exhibited local reactions at injection sites. The disadvantages of administration of 50 mg/kg doses of chloramphenicol base in propylene glycol appear to be significant and may outweight the potential advantages of parenteral use of the drug as presently formulated.
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209
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Davis LE. Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in the U.S.A. Vet Res Commun 1983; 7:422-6. [PMID: 6666003 DOI: 10.1007/bf02228659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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210
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Abstract
Severe pathological changes were observed in the inner ear tissues of a 2-month-old patient who died of Reye's syndrome after 5 days of hospitalization. In the organ of Corti, the inner hair cells appeared to be more severely damaged than the outer hair cells. Various degrees of degeneration were observed in all non-sensory epithelial cells lining the cochlear duct. In most turns of the cochlear duct, Reissner's membrane was ruptured and/or collapsed onto the organ of Corti. Likewise, both sensory and non-sensory cells of the vestibular end organs were markedly degenerated. These observations suggest that the inner ear tissues are acutely affected in patients with Reye's syndrome, and that the changes may cause impairment of hearing and/or equilibrium in patients who recover.
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211
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Worthington D, Davis LE, Grausz JP, Sobocinski K. Factors influencing survival and morbidity with very low birth weight delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 62:550-5. [PMID: 6621943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Factors influencing survival and morbidity in a group of 214 consecutively delivered very low birth weight infants (500 to 1500 g) are examined. The perinatal mortality was 313 per 1000 births. Of 185 live-born, congenitally normal infants, 133 (72%) were discharged alive. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common form of significant morbidity, occurring in 114 infants (62%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 38 (21%) of the infants. Neither survival nor morbidity was influenced by the mode of delivery. The current trend of a liberalized policy of cesarean section for the very low birth weight delivery is questioned.
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MESH Headings
- Apgar Score
- Birth Weight
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality
- Delivery, Obstetric
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/mortality
- Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
- Humans
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality
- Pregnancy
- Prognosis
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality
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Davis LE, Johnsson LG. Viral infections of the inner ear: clinical, virologic, and pathologic studies in humans and animals. Am J Otolaryngol 1983; 4:347-62. [PMID: 6314834 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0709(83)80022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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213
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McKiernan BC, Koritz GD, Davis LE, Neff-Davis CA, Pheris DR. Pharmacokinetic studies of theophylline in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6:99-104. [PMID: 6887346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1983.tb00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were determined in adult cats and the data were fitted to a two-compartment model. Single intravenous and multiple oral doses of aminophylline were used. The mean plasma theophylline half-life (t1/2) following the single intravenous dose was 7.8 h and the mean apparent specific volume of distribution (V'd(area] was 0.46 1/kg. The absorption half-life (t1/2ab) was 0.5 h and the bioavailability was 96% following oral administration. There was excellent agreement between the predicted and observed plasma theophylline concentrations following multiple oral doses.
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214
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Al-Guedawy SA, Neff-Davis CA, Davis LE, Whitmore HL, Gustafsson BK. Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6:85-91. [PMID: 6887344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1983.tb00383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of gentamicin (G) in plasma and uterine lumen was studied following intramuscular (i.m.) and intrauterine (i.u.) treatment. A Foley catheter was inserted into one uterine horn and retained in place by inflation of the cuff. This provided a closed system for collection of uterine lumen samples and analysis of the concentration of gentamicin for 6 h following treatment. Four normal cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.m. injections of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and another two were given i.m. injections of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW gentamicin. The uteri were infused with 50 ml saline containing phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP) indicator. Blood and infused solution (IS) samples were periodically collected during the 6-h period following i.m. administration. Six hours after injection, approximately 183.7 micrograms gentamicin and 39.4 micrograms gentamicin were accumulated in the uterine lumen of cows receiving 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW, respectively. The amount of gentamicin reaching the blood stream after i.m. administration of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW was 2.89 times that reached after administration of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW based on the area under the curve of plots of plasma concentration of gentamicin versus time. Four normal-cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.u. infusions of gentamicin (225-275 mg) diluted in 50 ml saline containing PSP indicator using a Foley catheter in a closed system. Samples from the IS and blood were collected at various intervals for 6 h after infusion. Following i.u. infusion of gentamicin, an average of 29.4% of the dose was absorbed into the bloodstream. The majority of the dose of gentamicin (70.6%) remained in the uterine lumen throughout the 6-h period.
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215
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McLaren LC, Davis LE, Healy GR, James CG. Isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis from the respiratory tract of infants with respiratory disease. Pediatrics 1983; 71:888-90. [PMID: 6602324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from the respiratory tracts of two infants with respiratory disease. Bacterial and viral cultures of tracheal aspirates and nasopharyngeal specimens did not detect bacterial pathogens or viruses; however, T vaginalis was found to be present in inoculated cell cultures. Both infants were delivered vaginally by mothers with known previous episodes of T vaginalis infection. The possibility that this organism may, on occasion, cause respiratory tract disease needs further evaluation.
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216
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Wilcke JR, Davis LE, Neff-Davis CA. Determination of lidocaine concentrations producing therapeutic and toxic effects in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6:105-11. [PMID: 6887336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1983.tb00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lidocaine was infused at a fixed zero-order rate to eight healthy mongrel dogs until tonic extension (n = 5) and cortical seizures (n = 7) were produced. Lidocaine concentrations determined at 5-min intervals were used to calculate concentrations at which these effects occurred. The tonic extension phase occurred at a mean lidocaine concentration of 8.21 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml. After a 1-month rest period, the same dogs were anaesthetized and ventricular tachycardia was produced by administering ouabain. Lidocaine was again infused at a fixed zero-order rate until all beats of ventricular origin were abolished. This occurred at a mean lidocaine concentration of 6.25 +/- 1.49 micrograms/ml.
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Abstract
Digoxin was administered as a single intravenous injection of 22 micrograms/kg to six cattle. The resulting serum concentrations were fitted by both a bi- and tri-exponential equation with the latter providing the best fit to the data of a majority of the animals. The biological half-life of digoxin in cattle was found to be 7.8 h. This relatively short half-life in comparison to other animal species dictates that digoxin should be administered more frequently to cattle to provide therapeutic concentrations in serum without broad fluctuations in serum concentrations. Computer simulations of various intravenous dosage regimens suggested that a loading dose of 22 micrograms/kg followed by an infusion of 0.86 micrograms/kg/h would offer the greatest safety and efficacy in bovine patients.
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218
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Bretzlaff KN, Ott RS, Koritz GD, Bevill RF, Gustafsson BK, Davis LE. Distribution of oxytetracycline in genital tract tissues of postpartum cows given the drug by intravenous and intrauterine routes. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:764-9. [PMID: 6869980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered by constant IV infusion to 3 healthy postpartum cows at rates predicted to approach a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. After 8 hours of constant IV infusion, genital tissues were surgically removed. The mean plasma-to-tissue ratios of concentrations of OTC were 0.95, 1.33, 1.88, and 1.04 (2 cows only) for caruncles, endometrium, uterine wall, and ovaries, respectively. Differences between the ratios of any 2 of the uterine tissues were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Intrauterine (IU) infusions of 5.5 mg of OTC/kg were administered to 3 healthy postpartum cows and 3 postpartum cows with metritis. The mean values of the fraction of the drug absorbed from the uteri of cows given IU infusions of OTC were 0.50 and 0.23 for healthy postpartum cows and postpartum cows with metritis, respectively. Concentrations of OTC were high in the caruncles and endometrium of all cows at 24 hours after IU infusions of the drug. Concentrations in the plasma, uterine wall, and ovaries were low, with mean concentrations of OTC in these tissues in postpartum cows with metritis being lower than those in the same tissues of healthy postpartum cows. Computer-simulated genital tissue concentrations of OTC after twice daily IV doses of 11 mg/kg indicated that this dosage regimen would provide postpartum uterine tissue concentrations greater than 5 micrograms/g throughout the dosage interval in all tissues, except the uterine wall.
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Bretzlaff KN, Ott RS, Koritz GD, Bevill RF, Gustafsson BK, Davis LE. Distribution of oxytetracycline in the healthy and diseased postpartum genital tract of cows. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:760-3. [PMID: 6869979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously determined pharmacokinetic parameters of the disposition of oxytetracycline (OTC) in cows were used to predict an IV priming dose and a rate of constant IV infusion of OTC sufficient to approach steady-state equilibrium of the drug between plasma and genital tissue concentrations in healthy postpartum cows and postpartum cows with endometritis. After 8 hours' constant IV infusion at rates calculated to maintain a plasma concentration of approximately 5 micrograms/ml, the mean concentrations of OTC in plasma (microgram/ml) and tissues (microgram/g) of healthy and infected postpartum cows, respectively, were: plasma, 4.95 and 5.23; uterine tissue, 3.65 and 4.18; and ovarian tissue, 4.57 and 4.53. The mean plasma to genital tissue ratios for healthy and infected postpartum cows, respectively, were 1.38 and 1.31 for uterine tissue and 1.09 and 1.16 for ovarian tissue. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.28) between healthy and infected postpartum cows in any of the parameters investigated. However, plasma-to-genital tissue ratios of concentrations of OTC in postpartum cows as a group were significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.03) than those previously determined in cycling cows. Computer-simulated uterine tissue concentrations of OTC, after twice daily IV doses of 11 mg of OTC/kg of body weight, indicated that this dosage regimen would provide postpartum uterine tissue concentrations greater than 5 micrograms/g during most of the dosage interval.
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220
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Wilcke JR, Davis LE, Neff-Davis CA, Koritz GD. Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its active metabolites in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6:49-57. [PMID: 6854732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1983.tb00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in dogs were investigated following the intravenous and intramuscular administration of single doses of lidocaine hydrochloride. The mean elimination rate constant and the mean specific clearance determined for the intravenous portion of the study were 0.786 h-1 and 2.40 1/kg/h, respectively. Following intramuscular administration the mean absorption rate constant was 7.74 h-1. Absorption was nearly complete as the percentage of an intramuscular dose absorbed averaged 91.9%. Concentrations of two N-deethylated metabolites, determined following the administration of lidocaine suggest that monoethylglycinexylidide is eliminated rapidly while glycinexylidide is more slowly eliminated. The relative contribution of these metabolites to the therapeutic and toxic effects of lidocaine and the potential for glycinexylidide accumulation during lidocaine administration remain to be investigated.
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221
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Davis LE, Cole LL, Lockwood SJ, Kornfeld M. Experimental influenza B virus toxicity in mice. A possible model for Reye's syndrome. J Transl Med 1983; 48:140-7. [PMID: 6296539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice intravenously injected with concentrated infectious influenza B/Lee/40 virus (LD50 = 6400 hemagglutinin units) developed lethargy, seizures, coma, and death 1 to 3 days later. The cerebrospinal fluid cell count was normal. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels increased 19-fold and plasma ammonia levels elevated 2.6-fold over control values. Serum bilirubin levels remained normal. Microvesicular fatty metamorphosis developed in the liver, whereas the brain showed mild cerebral edema without inflammatory changes. Viral propagation did not occur in liver or brain, but viral hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and probably nucleoprotein antigens were produced in hepatocytes. Many of the clinical, biochemical, and pathologic features of the mouse illness are similar to those seen in Reye's syndrome.
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222
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Abstract
Although treatment for herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis with antiviral agents has improved survival, occasional patients experience unexplained clinical exacerbations. This report presents evidence that some relapses may occur from recurrent viral encephalitis. An adult male developed the classic symptoms of HSV encephalitis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalogram, and isotope brain scan suggested a localized encephalitis involving the left temporal lobe. The patient was treated for 10 days with high doses of cytosine arabinoside instead of the currently recommended adenine arabinoside. Progression of encephalitis stopped, and clinical recovery occurred. The HSV antibody titer increased eightfold. Fifty-four days after the initial encephalitis, the patient relapsed with a subacute progressive encephalitis involving the same brain area. The CSF demonstrated oligoclonal bands, elevated immunoglobulin G levels (100 mg/dl), and a high HSV antibody titer (1:8,192 by indirect hemagglutination test). From a left temporal lobe biopsy taken 74 days after onset of the initial encephalitis, herpes simplex virus type 1 was isolated. Without renewed antiviral drug therapy, the patient slowly recovered.
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223
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Peake GT, Buckman MT, Davis LE, Standefer J. Pituitary and placentally derived hormones in cerebrospinal fluid during normal human pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56:46-52. [PMID: 6183290 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-56-1-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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224
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Davis LE, McLaren LC, Stewart JA, James CG, Levine MD, Skipper BJ. Immunological and microbiological studies of midtrimester amniotic fluid. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1983; 16:261-8. [PMID: 6315545 DOI: 10.1159/000299275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Midtrimester amniotic fluids (MAF) from 73 women undergoing an amniocentesis were studied. The mean immunoglobin G (IgG) level was 34 +/- 14 mg/dl, which is higher than that reported in the third trimester. The maternal serum:MAF IgG ratio was 29 suggesting the blood:MAF barrier is less restrictive than others like the blood:cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 were detected in 78% of the MAF and the maternal serum:MAF HSV antibody titer ratio was 33. Antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were found in 84% of the MAF and the maternal serum:MAF CMV antibody titer ration was 40. Whenever either antibody was detected in the maternal serum it was also found in the MAF. No viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and chlamyidae were isolated from MAF.
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225
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Neff-Davis CA, Wilcke JC, Davis LE. A rapid analytical procedure for the determination of concentrations of lidocaine and its two active metabolites in canine serum. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1982; 5:289-92. [PMID: 7183798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1982.tb00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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