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An F, Brossette J, Jangra H, Wei Y, Shi M, Zipse H, Ofial AR. Reactivities of tertiary phosphines towards allenic, acetylenic, and vinylic Michael acceptors. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04852k. [PMID: 39416302 PMCID: PMC11474661 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04852k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The addition of phosphines (PR3) to Michael acceptors is a key step in many Lewis-base catalysed reactions. The kinetics of the reactions of ten phosphines with ethyl acrylate, ethyl allenoate, ethyl propiolate, ethenesulfonyl fluoride, and ethyl 2-butynoate in dichloromethane at 20 °C was followed by photometric and NMR spectroscopic methods. The experimentally determined second-order rate constants k 2 show that electronic effects in sterically unencumbered phosphines affect their nucleophilicity towards different classes of Michael acceptors in the same ordering. Michael acceptors with sp-hybridised electrophilic centres, however, are less susceptible to changes in the PR3 nucleophilicity than those with sp2-hybridised reactive sites. Linear correlations of lg k 2 from this work with published rate constants for SN2 and SN1 reactions as well as with Brønsted basicities and fugalities for PR3 demonstrate the generality of the detected reactivity trends. Computed reaction barriers (ΔG ‡ calc) as well as reaction energies (ΔG add) for Michael adduct formations show excellent correlations with experimentally obtained reaction barriers (ΔG ‡ exp) corroborating the interpretation of the kinetic data and revealing the philicity/fugality features of the reactants in phospha-Michael additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng An
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Jan Brossette
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road No. 130 200237 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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2
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Shen HC, Aggarwal VK. Merging Organocatalysis with 1,2-Boronate Rearrangement: A Lewis Base-Catalyzed Asymmetric Multicomponent Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27305-27311. [PMID: 39316456 PMCID: PMC11467900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric multicomponent 1,2-boronate rearrangements provide a practical approach for synthesizing highly valuable enantioenriched boronic esters. When applied to alkenyl or heteroaryl boronates, these reactions have relied mainly on transition-metal catalysis. Herein, we present an organocatalytic, Lewis base-catalyzed asymmetric multicomponent 1,2-boronate rearrangement, involving indoles, boronic esters, and Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates, leading to enantioenriched, highly substituted indole and indoline derivatives. Using cinchona alkaloid-based catalysts, high selectivity has been achieved, enabling expansion of the chemical space around pharmaceutically relevant indole and indoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Shen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
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3
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Wang W, Song S, Jiao N. Late-Stage Halogenation of Complex Substrates with Readily Available Halogenating Reagents. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 39303309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusLate-stage halogenation, targeting specific positions in complex substrates, has gained significant attention due to its potential for diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules such as natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Utilizing readily available halogenating reagents, such as hydrogen halides (HX), N-halosuccinimides (NXS), and dichloroethane (DCE) reagents for late-stage halogenation shows great promise for expanding the toolbox of synthetic chemists. However, the reactivity of haleniums (X+, X = Cl, Br, I) can be significantly hindered by the presence of various functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, amide, or carboxylic acid groups. The developed methods of late-stage halogenation often rely on specialized activating reagents and conditions. Recently, our group (among others) has put great efforts into addressing these challenges and unlocking the potential of these readily available HX, NXS, and DCE reagents in complex molecule halogenation. Developing new methodologies, catalyst systems, and reaction conditions further enhanced their utility, enabling the efficient and selective halogenation of intricate substrates.With the long-term goal of achieving selective halogenation of complex molecules, we summarize herein three complementary research topics in our group: (1) Efficient oxidative halogenations: Taking inspiration from naturally occurring enzyme-catalyzed oxidative halogenation reactions, we focused on developing cost-effective oxidative halogenation reactions. We found the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and HX (X = Cl, Br, I) efficient for the oxidative halogenation of aromatic compounds and alkenes. Additionally, we developed electrochemical oxidative halogenation using DCE as a practical chlorinating reagent for chlorination of (hetero)arenes. (2) Halenium reagent activation: Direct electrophilic halogenation using halenium reagents is a reliable method for obtaining organohalides. However, compared to highly reactive reagents, the common and readily available NXS and dihalodimethylhydantoin (DXDMH) demonstrate relatively lower reactivity. Therefore, we focused on developing oxygen-centered Lewis base catalysts such as DMSO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and nitromethane to activate NXS or DXDMH, enabling selective halogenation of bioactive substrates. (3) Halogenation of inert substrates: Some substrates, such as electron-poor arenes and pyridines, are inert toward electrophilic functionalization reactions. We devised several strategies to enhance the reactivity of these molecules. These strategies, characterized by mild reaction conditions, the ready availability and stability of catalysts and reagents, and excellent tolerance for various functional groups, have emerged as versatile protocols for the late-stage aromatic halogenation of drugs, natural products, and peptides. By harnessing the versatility and selectivity of these catalysts and methodologies, synthetic chemists can unlock new possibilities in the synthesis of halogenated compounds, paving the way for the development of novel functional materials and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, He J, Han S, Liu Y. Iodophor-catalyzed sulfenylation of indoles with sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29891-29895. [PMID: 39301243 PMCID: PMC11411503 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05383d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
An iodophor-catalyzed sulfenylation of indoles using sulfonyl hydrazides as sulfur source to synthesize 3-sulfenylindoles in aqueous phase has been achieved. Notably, iodophor as catalyst and solvent is inexpensive, commercially available and no innocuous to the environment. The method is also easy to operate. Moreover, the synthetic strategy features a wide range of substrates with excellent tolerance to diverse functional groups. A plausible mechanism for the iodophor-mediated 3-sulfenylation of indoles with sulfonyl hydrazides has been proposed. In addition, 3-(phenylthio)-1H-indole was obtained on a multi-gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuai Liu
- Basic Sciences Department, Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong 030800 P. R. China
| | - Yutong Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 China
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi City 832004 China
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5
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Li W, Wu R, Ruan H, Xiao B, Gao X, Jiang H, Chen K, Sun TY, Zhu S. Axial Ligand Enables Synthesis of Allenylsilane through Dirhodium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409332. [PMID: 38887822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is a dirhodium(II)-catalyzed silylation of propargyl esters with hydrosilanes, using tertiary amines as axial ligands. By adopting this strategy, a range of versatile and useful allenylsilanes can be achieved with good yields. This reaction not only represents a SN2'-type silylation of the propargyl derivatives bearing a terminal alkyne moiety to synthesize allenylsilanes from simple hydrosilanes, but also represents a new application of dirhodium(II) complexes in catalytic transformation of carbon-carbon triple bond. The highly functionalized allenylsilanes that are produced can be transformed into a series of synthetically useful organic molecules. In this reaction, an intriguing ON-OFF effect of the amine ligand was observed. The reaction almost did not occur (OFF) without addition of Lewis base amine ligand. However, the reaction took place smoothly (ON) after addition of only catalytic amount of amine ligand. Detailed mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the reactivity can be delicately improved by the use of tertiary amine. The fine-tuning effect of the tertiary amine is crucial in the formation of the Rh-Si species via a concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) mechanism and facilitating β-oxygen elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Key Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Key Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
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6
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Mondal H. Halogen and Chalcogen Activation by Nucleophilic Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402261. [PMID: 39039960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The high utility of halogenated organic compounds has prompted the development of numerous transformations that install the carbon-halogen motif. Halogen functionalities, deemed as "functional and functionalizable" molecules due to their capacity to modulate diverse internal properties, constitute a pivotal strategy in drug discovery and development. Traditional routes to these building blocks have commonly involved multiple steps, harsh reaction conditions, and the use of stoichiometric and/or toxic reagents. With the emergence of solid halogen carriers such as N-halosuccinimides, and halohydantoins as popular sources of halonium ions, the past decade has witnessed enormous growth in the development of new catalytic strategies for halofunctionalization. This review aims to provide a nuanced perspective on nucleophilic activators and their roles in halogen activation. It will highlight critical discoveries in effecting racemic and asymmetric variants of these reactions, driven by the development of new catalysts, activation modes, and improved understanding of chemical reactivity and reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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7
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Hu T, Zhang Y, Wang W, Li Q, Huang L, Gao J, Kuang Y, Zhao C, Zhou S, Gao L, Su Z, Song Z. Lewis Base-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Racemic Chlorosilanes en Route to Si-Stereogenic Silylethers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23092-23102. [PMID: 39108025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Enantiopure Si-stereogenic organosilanes are highly valued in the fields of organic synthesis, development of advanced materials, and drug discovery. However, they are not naturally occurring, and their synthesis has been largely confined to resolution of racemic silanes or desymmetrization of symmetric silanes. In contrast, the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) of racemic organosilanes offers a mechanistically distinct approach and would broaden the accessibility of Si-stereogenic silanes in an enantioconvergent manner. In this study, we report a Lewis base-catalyzed DYKAT of racemic chlorosilanes. The chiral isothiourea catalyst, (S)-benzotetramisole, facilitates silyletherification with phenols, yielding (R)-silylethers in good yields with high enantioselectivity (27 examples, up to 86% yield, up to 98:2 er). Kinetic analysis, control experiments, and DFT calculations suggest that a two-catalyst-bound pentacoordinate silicate is responsible for the Si-configurational epimerization of the ion-paired tetracoordinated silicon intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wanshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhong Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Chaudhari MA, Wankhede PR, Dalal KS, Kale AD, Dalal DS, Chaudhari BL. Lentilactobacillus farraginis FSI (3): a whole cell biocatalyst for the synthesis of kojic acid derivative under aquatic condition. Biotechnol Lett 2024:10.1007/s10529-024-03514-y. [PMID: 39162862 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Kojic acid derivatives are useful in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The current investigation focuses on the search for a safe and environmentally friendly newer whole-cell biocatalyst for the synthesis of kojic acid derivative especially 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-4-phenyl-4,8-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile (APhCN). In this context, a total of six cultures were isolated from fecal samples of infants and subjected to probiotic characterization followed by screening as whole cell biocatalyst (WCB). In this multicomponent reaction, benzaldehyde, malononitrile, and kojic acid were used to synthesize APhCN at room temperature under aqueous conditions. The screening of potent whole cell biocatalyst (WCB) from isolated cultures was done by comparing reaction time and percent yield. The potent WCB gave a good yield of 95% within 15 h of time and hence further characterized biochemically and identified as Lentilactobacillus farraginis by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lactobacilli having GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status and being able to carry out this transformation under moderate reaction conditions with easy recovery of both product and biocatalyst, it has the potential to replace some of the chemical catalytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal A Chaudhari
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India
| | - Pratiksha R Wankhede
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India
| | - Kiran S Dalal
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India
| | - Arun D Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India
| | - Dipak S Dalal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India
| | - Bhushan L Chaudhari
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, 425 001, India.
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9
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Shi H, Zhang J, Li X, He J, Sun Y, Wu J, Du Y. Thianthrene/TfOH-catalyzed electrophilic halogenations using N-halosuccinimides as the halogen source. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13058-13067. [PMID: 39148788 PMCID: PMC11323329 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04461d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Organohalides are vital organic building blocks with applications spanning various fields. However, direct halogenation of certain neutral or unreactive substrates by using solely the regular halogenating reagents has proven challenging. Although various halogenation approaches via activating halogenating reagents or substrates have emerged, a catalytic system enabling broad substrate applicability and diverse halogenation types remains relatively underexplored. Inspired by the halogenation of arenes via thianthrenation of arenes, here we report that thianthrene, in combined use with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), could work as an effective catalytic system to activate regular halogenating reagents (NXS). This new protocol could accomplish multiple types of halogenation of organic compounds including aromatics, olefins, alkynes and ketones. The mechanism study indicated that a highly reactive electrophilic halogen thianthrenium species, formed in situ from the reaction of NXS with thianthrene in the presence of TfOH, was crucial for the efficient halogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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10
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Piringer M, Hofer M, Vogl LS, Mayer P, Waser M. Enantioselective Syntheses of 3,4-Dihydropyrans Employing Isochalcogenourea-Catalyzed Formal (4+2)-Cycloadditions of Allenoates. Adv Synth Catal 2024; 366:2115-2122. [PMID: 38840716 PMCID: PMC7616061 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We herein successfully demonstrate the use of chiral isochalcogenoureas as Lewis Base catalysts for a variety of (4+2)-cycloaddition reactions of allenoates and different Michael acceptors. In all cases the same structural key-motive, a dihydropyran with a (Z)-configurated exocyclic double bond could be accessed as the major regio- and diastereoisomer in an enantioselective manner. Furthermore, these chiral dihydropyrans were successfully engaged in different follow-up transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Piringer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria + 43 732 2468 5411
| | - Mario Hofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria + 43 732 2468 5411
| | - Lukas S. Vogl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria + 43 732 2468 5411
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria + 43 732 2468 5411
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11
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Garg A, Rendina D, Bendale H, Akiyama T, Ojima I. Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1398397. [PMID: 38783896 PMCID: PMC11112575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1398397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis stands at the forefront of modern chemistry, serving as a cornerstone for the efficient creation of enantiopure chiral molecules characterized by their high selectivity. In this review, we delve into the realm of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which spans various methodologies, each contributing to the broader landscape of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral molecules. Transition metals play a central role as catalysts for a wide range of transformations with chiral ligands such as phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), etc., facilitating the formation of chiral C-C and C-X bonds, enabling precise control over stereochemistry. Enantioselective photocatalytic reactions leverage the power of light as a driving force for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Asymmetric electrocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach, being both atom-efficient and environmentally friendly, while offering a versatile toolkit for enantioselective reductions and oxidations. Biocatalysis relies on nature's most efficient catalysts, i.e., enzymes, to provide exquisite selectivity, as well as a high tolerance for diverse functional groups under mild conditions. Thus, enzymatic optical resolution, kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution have revolutionized the production of enantiopure compounds. Enantioselective organocatalysis uses metal-free organocatalysts, consisting of modular chiral phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen components, facilitating remarkably efficient and diverse enantioselective transformations. Additionally, unlocking traditionally unreactive C-H bonds through selective functionalization has expanded the arsenal of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of enantiopure chiral molecules. Incorporating flow chemistry into asymmetric catalysis has been transformative, as continuous flow systems provide precise control over reaction conditions, enhancing the efficiency and facilitating optimization. Researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine multiple strategies synergistically to tackle complex synthetic challenges. This convergence holds great promise, propelling the field of asymmetric catalysis forward and facilitating the efficient construction of complex molecules in enantiopure form. As these methodologies evolve and complement one another, they push the boundaries of what can be accomplished in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, leading to the discovery of novel, highly selective transformations which may lead to groundbreaking applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Garg
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Dominick Rendina
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hersh Bendale
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Iwao Ojima
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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12
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Patra SG. Asymmetric catalysis by chiral FLPs: A computational mini-review. Chirality 2024; 36:e23671. [PMID: 38660756 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Steric hindrance in Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) obstruct the Lewis acid-base adduct formation, and the pair was termed as frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). In the past 16 years, the field of enantioselective catalysis by chiral FLPs has been slowly growing. It was shown that chiral LAs are significant as they are involved in the hydrogen transfer (HT) step to the imine, resulting in enantioselectivity. After H2 activation, the borohydride can exist in a number of plausible conformations and their stability is governed by the presence of noncovalent interaction through C-H····π and π····π interactions. However, LBs are not ideal for asymmetric induction as they compete with the imine substrate as a counter LB. Further, the proton transfer from chiral LB to the imine does not induce any chirality as chirality develops in the HT step. However, intramolecular FLPs with chiral scaffold are very efficient as they possess an optimum distance between LA and LB, which facilitates the H2 activation but precludes the adduct formation of the small molecules substrate with the LA component. This mini-review summarizes computational investigation involving chiral LA and LB, and discusses intramolecular FLPs in the enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gopal Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, India
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13
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Chen ZC, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen YC. Palladium(0) π-Lewis Base Catalysis: Concept and Development. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6422-6437. [PMID: 38426858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of a new catalytic strategy plays a vital role in modern organic chemistry since it permits bond formation in an unprecedented and more efficient manner. Although the application of preformed metal complexes as π-base-activated reagents have enabled diverse transformations elegantly, the concept and strategy by directly utilizing transition metals as efficient π-Lewis base catalysts remain underdeveloped, especially in the field of asymmetric catalysis. Here, we outline our perspective on the discovery of palladium(0) as an efficient π-Lewis base catalyst, which is capable of increasing the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of both electron-neutral and electron-deficient 1,3-dienes and 1,3-enynes upon flexible η2-complexes formed in situ and resultant π-backdonation. Thus, fruitful carbon-carbon-forming reactions with diverse electrophiles can be achieved enantioselectively in a vinylogous addition pattern, which is conceptually different from the classical oxidative cyclization mechanism. Emphasis will be given to the concept and mechanism elucidation, catalytic features, and reaction design together with perspective on the further development of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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14
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Piringer M, Stockhammer L, Vogl L, Weinzierl D, Zebrowski P, Waser M. Enantioselective α-heterofunctionalization reactions of catalytically generated C1-Lewis base enolates. TETRAHEDRON CHEM 2024; 9:100063. [PMID: 38846753 PMCID: PMC7616070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Chiral Lewis base (LB) organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful covalent catalysis concept which allows for highly selective asymmetric C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations. Considering significant recent progress in the development of strategies to access α-heterofunctionalized carboxylic acid derivatives under chiral LB catalysis, we wish to summarize the most significant concepts and advances in this field within this mini review now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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15
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Kluga R, Kinens A, Suna E. Chiral 4-MeO-Pyridine (MOPY) Catalyst for Enantioselective Cyclopropanation: Attenuation of Lewis Basicity Leads to Improved Catalytic Efficiency. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301136. [PMID: 37781964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of pyridine-derived organocatalysts aims at the increase of their Lewis basicity, however such an approach is not always efficient. For example, strongly Lewis basic DMAP is completely inefficient as catalyst in the cyclopropanation reaction. Herein we disclose an alternative approach that relies on attenuation of DMAP Lewis basicity. Specifically, the replacement of 4-dimethylamino substituent in DMAP for 4-MeO group delivered a highly efficient catalyst for cyclopropanation of electron-deficient olefins with α-bromoketones. Kinetic studies provide compelling evidence that the superior catalytic efficiency of 4-MeO pyridine (MOPY) is to be attributed to the favorable balance between Lewis basicity and leaving group ability. The use of chiral, enantiomerically pure MOPY catalyst has helped to achieve high enantioselectivities (up to 91 : 9 er) in the previously unreported pyridine-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihards Kluga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Artis Kinens
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
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16
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Dalton J, Bernal Sánchez A, Kelly AT, Fettinger JC, Franz AK. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Si-Stereogenic Siloxanols. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1005-1012. [PMID: 38269039 PMCID: PMC10804373 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We report the organocatalytic synthesis of Si-stereogenic compounds via desymmetrization of a prochiral silanediol with a chiral imidazole-containing catalyst. This metal-free silylation method affords high yields with enantioselectivity up to 98:2 for various silanediol and silyl chloride substrate combinations (including secondary alkyl, vinyl, and H groups), accessing products with potential for further elaboration. NMR and X-ray studies reveal insight into the H-bonding interactions between the imidazole organocatalyst and the silanediol and the dual activating role of the Lewis basic imidazole to account for the high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
J. Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Adilene Bernal Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Austin T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
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17
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Vogl LS, Mayer P, Robiette R, Waser M. Chiral Isochalcogenourea-Catalysed Enantioselective (4+2) Cycloadditions of Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315345. [PMID: 38010747 PMCID: PMC10952905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Allenoates are versatile building blocks which are primarily activated and controlled using chiral tert. phosphine and tert. amine Lewis bases. We herein report the first example of allenoate activation by using chiral isochalcogenoureas (IChU) for formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions. Compared to established phosphine and amine catalysis, the use of these easily available Lewis bases enables new stereoselective reaction pathways proceeding with high enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and in good yields. In addition, the factors governing enantioselectivity and the origin of the observed differences compared to other commonly used Lewis bases are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Vogl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de LouvainPlace Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.021348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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18
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Hensinger MJ, Eitzinger A, Trapp O, Ofial AR. Nucleophilicity of 4-(Alkylthio)-3-imidazoline Derived Enamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302764. [PMID: 37850416 PMCID: PMC10962604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolidine-4-thiones (ITOs) are cyclic, secondary amines that were considered as potential prebiotic organocatalysts for light-driven α-alkylations of aldehydes by bromoacetonitrile (BAN). Recent studies showed that the initially supplied ITOs represent the pre-catalyst because they undergo S-alkylation with BAN to give 4-(alkylthio)-3-imidazolines (TIMs). Given that the same reagent mix that undergoes light-driven α-alkylations is also effective in the dark, we synthesized ten ITO- or TIM-derived enamines of aldehydes and characterized their nucleophilic reactivities by kinetic studies in acetonitrile. The experimental second-order rate constants k2 for reactions of enamines with benzhydrylium ions (reference electrophiles) were evaluated by the Mayr-Patz equation, lg k2 (20 °C)=sN (N+E). The determined nucleophilicities N (and sN ) reveal the reactivity profiles of these enamines under prebiotically relevant conditions as well as their potential for use in organocatalytic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magenta J. Hensinger
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universtität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Andreas Eitzinger
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universtität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universtität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
- Max-Planck-Institute for AstronomyKönigstuhl 1769117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universtität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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19
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Vogl LS, Mayer P, Robiette R, Waser M. Chiral Isochalcogenourea-Catalysed Enantioselective (4+2) Cycloadditions of Allenoates. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 136:e202315345. [PMID: 38549953 PMCID: PMC10976662 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202315345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Allenoates are versatile building blocks which are primarily activated and controlled using chiral tert. phosphine and tert. amine Lewis bases. We herein report the first example of allenoate activation by using chiral isochalcogenoureas (IChU) for formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions. Compared to established phosphine and amine catalysis, the use of these easily available Lewis bases enables new stereoselective reaction pathways proceeding with high enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and in good yields. In addition, the factors governing enantioselectivity and the origin of the observed differences compared to other commonly used Lewis bases are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Vogl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de LouvainPlace Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.021348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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20
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Zebrowski P, Monkowius U, Waser M. Cooperative Chiral Lewis Base/Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Syntheses of Methylene-Containing δ-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300982. [PMID: 38601429 PMCID: PMC11005102 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a two-step approach for the enantioselective synthesis of novel chiral δ-lactams. By using a cooperative chiral ITU/achiral Pd-catalyst system, this protocol proceeds via an asymmetric α-allylation of activated aryl esters first, followed by an acid-mediated lactam formation. A variety of differently substituted products could be obtained with usually high levels of enantioselectivities and in reasonable yields (16 examples, up to 98 : 2 er and 73 % yield over two steps). In addition, further utilizations of the products via transformations of the exocyclic double bond were successfully carried out as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zebrowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of EducationChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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21
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Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Lewis Base-assisted Arylation of Unsaturated Carbonyls. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302490. [PMID: 37647146 PMCID: PMC10947297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Lewis bases with α,β-unsaturated carbonyls allows the in-situ generation of enolates without the need for strong Brønsted bases. Recently developed synthetic methods employ this approach for arylation followed by elimination of the Lewis base, regenerating the alkene. This strategy has been deployed for formal α- or β-C-H arylation in different contexts, namely (a) transition metal catalysis, (b) rearrangement reactions utilizing hypervalent main group elements and (c) organocatalysis. This concept article provides an overview of the developed strategies, highlighting and contextualizing their features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Lemmerer
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
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22
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Gallardo-Fuentes S, Lodeiro L, Matute R, Fernández I. Mechanistic Insights into the DABCO-Catalyzed Cloke-Wilson Rearrangement: A DFT Perspective. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15902-15912. [PMID: 37885222 PMCID: PMC10661052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and selectivity patterns of the DABCO-catalyzed Cloke-Wilson rearrangement were computationally studied in detail using density functional theory calculations. Our computations suggest that the process occurs stepwise involving the initial ring opening of the cyclopropane promoted by a DABCO molecule followed by a ring-closure reaction of the readily formed zwitterionic intermediate. The regioselectivity of the initial nucleophilic ring-opening step strongly depends on the nature of the substituent attached to the cyclopropane moiety. The physical factors governing the preference for the more sterically hindered C2 (tertiary) position have been quantitatively analyzed by applying the combined activation strain model-energy decomposition analysis method. In addition, our calculations revealed a new mechanism for the analogous transformation involving vinylcyclopropanes consisting of an initial SN2' ring-opening process followed by a 5-exo-trig cyclization step, which proceeds without facial selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Gallardo-Fuentes
- Instituto
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Lucas Lodeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Ricardo Matute
- Centro
Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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23
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Chen X, Soria-Carrera H, Zozulia O, Boekhoven J. Suppressing catalyst poisoning in the carbodiimide-fueled reaction cycle. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12653-12660. [PMID: 38020366 PMCID: PMC10646924 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In biology, cells regulate the function of molecules using catalytic reaction cycles that convert reagents with high chemical potential (fuel) to waste molecules. Inspired by biology, synthetic analogs of such chemical reaction cycles have been devised, and a widely used catalytic reaction cycle uses carboxylates as catalysts to accelerate the hydration of carbodiimides. The cycle is versatile and easy to use, so it is widely applied to regulate motors, pumps, self-assembly, and phase separation. However, the cycle suffers from side reactions, especially the formation of N-acylurea. In catalytic reaction cycles, side reactions are disastrous as they decrease the fuel's efficiency and, more importantly, destroy the molecular machinery or assembling molecules. Therefore, this work tested how to suppress N-acylurea by screening precursor concentration, its structure, carbodiimide structure, additives, temperature, and pH. It turned out that the combination of low temperature, low pH, and 10% pyridine as a fraction of the fuel could significantly suppress the N-acylurea side product and keep the reaction cycle highly effective to regulate successful assembly. We anticipate that our work will provide guidelines for using carbodiimide-fueled reaction cycles to regulate molecular function and how to choose optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Héctor Soria-Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Oleksii Zozulia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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24
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Fang X. Copper-catalyzed nitration of electron-deficient BN-naphthalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12581-12584. [PMID: 37789819 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Under Cu-catalysis, a regioselective nitration of 1,8-dihalogenated BN-naphthalene (ABN) compounds (4a-4c) has been established with the use of tert-butyl nitrite as the nitrating reagent. The syntheses of dihalo-ABN nitro products (6a-6c; halo = Cl, Br and I) were case-studied in conjunction with the first synthesis and characterization of diiodo-ABN compound 4c. The molecular structures of these compounds have been spectroscopically characterized and further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction experiments. This method allows direct regioselective nitration of electron-deficient ABN systems, providing a step-economical entry to novel nitro-ABN structural motifs with potential applications in agrochemicals, materials sciences, and the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Fang
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Stockhammer L, Radetzky M, Khatoon SS, Bechmann M, Waser M. Chiral Lewis Base-Catalysed Asymmetric Syntheses of Benzo-fused ϵ-Lactones. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300704. [PMID: 38601860 PMCID: PMC11005097 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a two-step protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of novel chiral benzofused ϵ-lactones starting from O-protected hydroxymethyl-para-quinone methides and activated aryl esters. By using chiral isothiourea Lewis base catalysts a broad variety of differently substituted products could be obtained in yields of around 50 % over both steps with high levels of enantioselectivities, albeit low diastereoselectivities only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Maximilian Radetzky
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Syeda Sadia Khatoon
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Matthias Bechmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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26
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Obeso JL, Flores JG, Flores CV, López-Cervantes VB, Martínez-Jiménez V, de Los Reyes JA, Lima E, Solis-Ibarra D, Ibarra IA, Leyva C, Peralta RA. SU-101: a Bi(III)-based metal-organic framework as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the CO 2 cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12490-12495. [PMID: 37602766 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A non-porous version of SU-101 (herein n-SU-101) was evaluated for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The findings revealed that open metal sites (Bi3+) are necessary for the reaction. n-SU-101 displays a high styrene oxide conversion of 96.6% under mild conditions (3 bar and 80 °C). The catalytic activity of n-SU-101 demonstrated its potential application for the cycloaddition of CO2 using styrene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Obeso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694, Irrigación, 11500, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J Gabriel Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Área de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, 02200, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Catalina V Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694, Irrigación, 11500, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Valeria B López-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - V Martínez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Antonio de Los Reyes
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Leyva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694, Irrigación, 11500, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo A Peralta
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM-I), 09340, Mexico.
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27
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Dale HA, Hodges GR, Lloyd-Jones GC. Kinetics and Mechanism of Azole n-π*-Catalyzed Amine Acylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18126-18140. [PMID: 37526380 PMCID: PMC10436283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Azole anions are highly competent in the activation of weak acyl donors, but, unlike neutral (aprotic) Lewis bases, are not yet widely applied as acylation catalysts. Using a combination of in situ and stopped-flow 1H/19F NMR spectroscopy, kinetics, isotopic labeling, 1H DOSY, and electronic structure calculations, we have investigated azole-catalyzed aminolysis of p-fluorophenyl acetate. The global kinetics have been elucidated under four sets of conditions, and the key elementary steps underpinning catalysis deconvoluted using a range of intermediates and transition state probes. While all evidence points to an overarching mechanism involving n-π* catalysis via N-acylated azole intermediates, a diverse array of kinetic regimes emerges from this framework. Even seemingly minor changes to the solvent, auxiliary base, or azole catalyst can elicit profound changes in the temporal evolution, thermal sensitivity, and progressive inhibition of catalysis. These observations can only be rationalized by taking a holistic view of the mechanism and a set of limiting regimes for the kinetics. Overall, the analysis of 18 azole catalysts spanning nearly 10 orders of magnitude in acidity highlights the pitfall of pursuing ever more nucleophilic catalysts without regard for catalyst speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey
J. A. Dale
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - George R. Hodges
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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28
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Hu T, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Kuang Y, Gao L, Wang W, Su Z, Song Z. Enantioconvergent construction of stereogenic silicon via Lewis base-catalyzed dynamic kinetic silyletherification of racemic chlorosilanes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4900. [PMID: 37580365 PMCID: PMC10425371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilanes possessing an enantioenriched stereogenic silicon center are important in many branches of chemistry, yet they remain challenging to synthesize in a practical and scalable way. Here we report a dynamic kinetic silyletherification process of racemic chlorosilanes with (S)-lactates using 4-aminopyridine as a Lewis base catalyst. This enantioconvergent approach asymmetrically constructs the stereogenic silicon center in a different manner from traditional resolution or desymmetrization. A range of silylethers have been prepared with high diastereoselectivity on up to 10 g-scale, allowing the practical synthesis of diverse enantioenriched organosilane analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhong Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Duran J, Mateos J, Moyano A, Companyó X. Catalytic asymmetric defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7147-7153. [PMID: 37416711 PMCID: PMC10321495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereocontrolled installation of alkyl fragments at the alpha position of ketones is a fundamental yet unresolved transformation in organic chemistry. Herein we report a new catalytic methodology able to construct α-allyl ketones via defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers in a regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The protocol leverages the unique features of the fluorine atom to simultaneously act as a leaving group and to activate the fluorophilic nucleophile via a Si-F interaction. A series of spectroscopic, electroanalytic and kinetic experiments demonstrate the crucial interplay of the Si-F interaction for successful reactivity and selectivity. The generality of the transformation is demonstrated by synthesising a wide set of structurally diverse α-allylated ketones bearing two contiguous stereocenters. Remarkably, the catalytic protocol is amenable for the allylation of biologically significant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Duran
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Javier Mateos
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Albert Moyano
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona Carrer Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain https://companyolab.com
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30
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Stockhammer L, Craik R, Monkowius U, Cordes DB, Smith AD, Waser M. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalisation of Glycine Schiff Base Aryl Esters via 1,6- and 1,4-Additions. CHEMISTRYEUROPE 2023; 1:e202300015. [PMID: 38882579 PMCID: PMC7616101 DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The enantioselective α-functionalisation of glycine Schiff base aryl esters through isothiourea catalysis is successfully demonstrated for 1,6-additions to para-quinone methides (21 examples, up to 95:5 dr and 96:4 er) and 1,4-additions to methylene substituted dicarbonyl or disulfonyl Michael acceptors (17 examples, up to 98:2 er). This nucleophilic organocatalysis approach gives access to a range of α-functionalised α-amino acid derivatives and further transformations of the activated aryl ester group provide a straightforward entry to advanced amino acid-based esters, amides or thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Rebecca Craik
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
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31
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Abonia R, Insuasty D, Laali KK. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Propargyl Derivatives, and Their Application as Synthetic Intermediates and Building Blocks. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083379. [PMID: 37110613 PMCID: PMC10146578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The propargyl group is a highly versatile moiety whose introduction into small-molecule building blocks opens up new synthetic pathways for further elaboration. The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in both the synthesis of propargylation agents and their application in the synthesis and functionalization of more elaborate/complex building blocks and intermediates. The goal of this review is to highlight these exciting advances and to underscore their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A.A. 25360, Colombia
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Kenneth K Laali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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32
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Yao Y, Meng X, Li C, Bernaerts KV, Zhang K. Tuning the Chiral Structures from Self-Assembled Carbohydrate Derivatives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2208286. [PMID: 36918751 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been regarded as one of the most ideally suited candidates for chirality study via self-assembly owning to their unique chemical structures, abundance, and sustainability. Much efforts have been devoted to design and synthesize diverse carbohydrate derivatives and self-assemble them into various supermolecular morphologies. Nevertheless, still inadequate attention is paid to deeply and comprehensively understand how the carbohydrate structures and self-assembly approaches affect the final morphologies and properties for future demands. Herein, to fulfill the need, a range of recently published studies relating to the chirality of carbohydrates is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, to tune the chirality of carbohydrate-based structures on both molecular and superstructural levels via chirality transfer and chirality expression, the designing of the molecules and choosing of the proper approaches for self-assembly are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Yao
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Sustainable Polymer Synthesis, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen, 6167 RD, Netherlands
| | - Xintong Meng
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cheng Li
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrien V Bernaerts
- Sustainable Polymer Synthesis, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen, 6167 RD, Netherlands
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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33
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Lonardi G, Parolin R, Licini G, Orlandi M. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216649. [PMID: 36757599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective reduction reactions are privileged transformations for the construction of trisubstituted stereogenic centers. While these include established synthetic strategies, such as asymmetric hydrogenation, methods based on the enantioselective addition of hydridic reagents to electrophilic prochiral substrates have also gained importance. In this context, the asymmetric conjugate reduction (ACR) of α,β-unsaturated compounds has become a convenient approach for the synthesis of chiral compounds with trisubstituted stereocenters in α-, β-, or γ-position to electron-withdrawing functional groups. Because such activating groups are diverse and amenable of further derivatizations, ACRs provide a general and powerful synthetic entry towards a variety of valuable chiral building blocks. This Review provides a comprehensive collection of catalytic ACR methods involving transition-metal, organic, and enzymatic catalysis since its first versions dating back to the late 1970s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lonardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Parolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Orlandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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34
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Yu S, Tiekink EH, Vermeeren P, Bickelhaupt FM, Hamlin TA. How Bases Catalyze Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203121. [PMID: 36330879 PMCID: PMC10108159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied the base-catalyzed Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone and N-methylmaleimide using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The uncatalyzed reaction is slow and is preceded by the extrusion of CO2 via a retro-DA reaction. Base catalysis, for example, by triethylamine, lowers the reaction barrier up to 10 kcal mol-1 , causing the reaction to proceed smoothly at low temperature, which quenches the expulsion of CO2 , yielding efficient access to polyoxygenated natural compounds. Our activation strain analyses reveal that the base accelerates the DA reaction via two distinct electronic mechanisms: i) by the HOMO-raising effect, which enhances the normal electron demand orbital interaction; and ii) by donating charge into 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone which accumulates in its reactive region and promotes strongly stabilizing secondary electrostatic interactions with N-methylmaleimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - Eveline H. Tiekink
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
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35
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Yetra SR, Schmitt N, Tambar UK. Catalytic photochemical enantioselective α-alkylation with pyridinium salts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:586-592. [PMID: 36741522 PMCID: PMC9847668 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a chiral amine catalyzed enantioselective α-alkylation of aldehydes with amino acid derived pyridinium salts as alkylating reagents. The reaction proceeds in the presence of visible light and in the absence of a photocatalyst via a light activated charge-transfer complex. We apply this photochemical stereoconvergent process to the total synthesis of the lignan natural products (-)-enterolactone and (-)-enterodiol. Mechanistic studies support the ground-state complexation of the reactive components followed by divergent charge-transfer processes involving catalyst-controlled radical chain and in-cage radical combination steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhivardhana Reddy Yetra
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas Texas 75390-9038 USA
| | - Nathan Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas Texas 75390-9038 USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas Texas 75390-9038 USA
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36
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Liu D, Zhao Y, Patureau FW. NaI/PPh 3-catalyzed visible-light-mediated decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides for the efficient synthesis of quaternary oxindoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:57-65. [PMID: 36741816 PMCID: PMC9874234 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical NaI/PPh3-catalyzed decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with redox-active esters is described, which is mediated by visible light irradiation. A wide range of substrates bearing different substituents and derived from ubiquitous carboxylic acids, including α-amino acids, were synthesized and examined under this very mild, efficient, and cost effective transition-metal-free synthetic method. These afforded various functionalized oxindoles featuring a C3 quaternary stereogenic center. Mechanistic experiments suggest a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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37
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Ding WW, Zhou Y, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Asymmetric Cascade Carbonylation/Annulation of Benzyl Bromides, CO, and Vinyl Benzoxazinanones Enabled by Pd/Chiral Lewis-Base Relay Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5187-5193. [PMID: 36507840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective cascade carbonylation/annulation of benzyl bromides, CO, and vinyl benzoxazinanones under mild conditions has been established by Pd/chiral Lewis base relay catalysis, providing an efficient method to assemble chiral quinolinones from readily available starting materials in good yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The palladium catalyst plays two roles in this reaction, enabling both the carbonylation process and the generation of the zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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38
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Iodomethane as an organocatalyst for the aerobic ortho-selective trifluoromethylation of pyridines. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Wang Q, Nilsson T, Eriksson L, Szabó KJ. Sulfenofunctionalization of Chiral α-Trifluoromethyl Allylboronic Acids: Asymmetric Synthesis of SCF 3 , SCF 2 R, SCN and SAr Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210509. [PMID: 36152310 PMCID: PMC9828052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a new method for the synthesis of densely functionalized chiral allyl SCF3 , SCF2 R, SCN and SAr species with a separate CF3 functionality. The synthetic approach is based on selenium-catalyzed sulfenofunctionalization of chiral α-CF3 allylboronic acids. The reactions proceeded with remarkably high stereo-, diastereo- and site-selectivity, based on the formation of a stable thiiranium ion followed by rapid deborylative ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
| | - Tomas Nilsson
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
| | - Kálmán J. Szabó
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
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40
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Lei CW, Wang XY, Mu BS, Yu JS, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Me 2(CH 2Cl)SiCF 3 Facilitated Tandem Synthesis of Oxasilacycles Featuring a Trifluoromethyl Group. Org Lett 2022; 24:8364-8369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wen Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bo-Shuai Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Schorpp M, Yadav R, Roth D, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Stibenium: Lewis Superacidity by Antimony(III)-Antimony(V) Electromerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207963. [PMID: 35925742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lewis superacids enable the activation of highly inert substrates. However, the permanent presence of a Lewis superacidic center comes along with a constantly increased intolerance toward functional groups or ambient conditions. Herein, we describe a strategy to unleash Lewis superacidity by electromerism. Experimental and computational results indicate that coordinating a Lewis base to Δ-calix[4]pyrrolato-antimony(III) triggers a ligand redox-noninnocent coupled transfer into antimony(V)-state that exhibits Lewis superacidic features. Lewis acidity by electromerism establishes a concept of potential generality for powerful yet robust reagents and on-site substrate activation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Ertürk E, Yeşil TA. Catalyst-Tuned Electrophilic Chlorination of Diverse Aromatic Compounds with Sulfuryl Chloride and Regioselective Chlorination of Phenols with Organocatalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12558-12573. [PMID: 36137270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that diverse aromatic compounds can be selectively chlorinated through the fine-tuning of the reactivity of sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) by organocatalysts. Acetonitrile has been identified to activate SO2Cl2 most strongly, thus enabling even chlorination of p-xylene with high yields. 1,4-Dioxane effects chlorination of oxidation-labile aromatic compounds such as p-cresol and 2-naphthol with high yields, 95% and 85%, respectively. An array of potential catalysts has been screened for ortho- and para-selective chlorination of phenols. Thus, we found that acetonitrile, (S)-BINAPO (5 mol %), and diisopropyl ether (4.00 equiv) can catalyze the chlorination of phenols in a para-selective manner (with ≤4:96 o:p ratio), whereas Nagasawa's bis-thiourea (1 mol %), phenyl boronic acid (5 mol %), and (S)-diphenylprolinol (1 mol %) exhibit high ortho selectivity [with ≤99:1 o:p ratio by (S)-diphenylprolinol].
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Ertürk
- TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tolga A Yeşil
- TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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43
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Zhu LL, Tian L, Sun K, Li Y, Liu G, Cai B, Zhang H, Wang Y. N 2-Selective β-Thioalkylation of Benzotriazoles with Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12963-12974. [PMID: 36137279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, N2-selective β-thioalkylation of benzotriazoles with unactivated alkenes and styrenes is reported. The N2-selective β-thioalkylation of benzotriazoles is highly stereospecific and works under simple and mild conditions, exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. The high N2-selectivity is a consequence of the combination of hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid/base activation, which reverses the N2-position to be favored for alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kunhui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Guanglu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Bin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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44
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Tang M, Wei Y, Huang S, Xie LG. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Methylthio Vinyl Triflates. Org Lett 2022; 24:7026-7030. [PMID: 36129306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl triflates are commonly employed as electrophilic vinyl sources in complex synthesis. The triflation of enolates is commonly required for the preparation of vinyl triflates, generally under strongly basic conditions. Herein, the reaction between alkynes and dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate is presented, which leads to the development of a facile synthesis of β-methylthio vinyl triflates in a chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner under neutral and extremely simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhong Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongjiao Wei
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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45
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Le TMT, Brégent T, Jubault P, Poisson T. Photocatalytic E→Z Contra-Thermodynamic Isomerization of Vinyl Silanes with Lewis Base. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201514. [PMID: 35652371 PMCID: PMC9541780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclosed the contra-thermodynamic E→Z isomerization of alkenyl silanes, according to the in situ formation of a chromophoric species, in the presence of rac-BINAP as the catalyst. The reaction carried out in DMSO or CH3 CN under irradiation at 405 nm allowed the interconversion of the E-isomers into the Z-congeners in good to excellent yields and outstanding Z/E selectivities, on 18 examples. Finally, the mechanism of this E→Z isomerization was studied to get insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Thi Le
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Thibaud Brégent
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ.INSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France1 rue Descartes75231ParisFrance
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46
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Grenet E, Robidas R, van der Lee A, Legault CY, Salom-Roig XJ. Mechanistic Insights of Lewis Acid‐Controlled Torquoselective Nazarov Cyclization of Activated Dienones Bearing a Chiral Sulfoxide. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Grenet
- Université de Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier chemistry Place Eugène Bataillon 34090 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Raphaël Robidas
- Université de Sherbrooke: Universite de Sherbrooke Departement of Chemistry 2500 boul. de l'Université J1K2R1 Sherbrooke CANADA
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Université de Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier Chemistry Place Eugène Bataillon 34090 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- Université de Sherbrooke: Universite de Sherbrooke Department of Chemistry 2500 boul. de l'Université J1K2R1 Sherbrooke CANADA
| | - Xavier J. Salom-Roig
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; Université de Montpellier Chimie organique, minérale et industrielle Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier FRANCE
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47
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Schorpp M, Yadav R, Roth D, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Stibenium: Lewis Superacidity by Antimony(III)‐Antimony(V) Electromerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Daniel Roth
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Lutz Greb
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie Institut für Anorganische ChemieFabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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48
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Liu B, Wang L, Qin Y, Xu X, Zhao J. Synthesis of Trisubstituted Chromanes by Lewis-Base-Catalyzed Three-Component Electrophilic Thiofunctionalization of Cyclopropene with Phenols via a Formal [3 + 3] Annulation. Org Lett 2022; 24:5693-5697. [PMID: 35921617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Lewis-base-catalyzed three-component electrophilic thiofunctionalization of cyclopropene with phenol is developed to furnish various trisubstituted chromanes in high trans-diasteroselectivity. This metal-free protocol is easy to scale-up, offers a unique 2,2,3-substitution pattern, and delivers chromanes with diversified core substitution patterns. The unprecedented tolerance of strong electron-withdrawing substituents at the phenol renders the protocol indispensable to access the otherwise inaccessible chromane chemical space that is important for medicinal chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yunfei Qin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan'an Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai-An, Shandong 271016, China
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49
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Ng XQ, Kang MH, Toh RW, Isoni V, Wu J, Zhao Y. A green access to supported cinchona alkaloid amide catalysts for heterogeneous enantioselective allylsilylation of aldehydes and process intensity evaluation in batch and flow. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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50
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Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y. Lewis Base‐catalyzed β‐Addition of (Arylsulfonyl) fluoromethane Derivatives to Allenoates. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Liang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xiao‐Ping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA Institute for Frontier Medical Technology Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
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